720:
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hold their antennae rigidly and directly in front of them to mechanically sense their environment. There are many tiger beetles that hunt in flat, sandy areas, and their eyes have flat-world adaptations, such as high-acuity perception streaks corresponding to the horizon. A tiger beetle uses the elevation of its potential prey in its visual field to determine how far away it is. As visual hunters, tiger beetles tend to hunt in open, relatively flat habitats, such as sand bars, woodland paths, and barren ground scrubland. In this sense, beetles might be expected to use elevation as a distance cue in their visual pursuit of prey. A few species of
704:
692:
652:
671:
113:
139:
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309:, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of
438:
have a large head, armored on top with up to six small eyes and formidable mandibles beneath. There is a prominent hump on the top of their fifth abdominal segment with two pairs of reverse pointing hooks to anchor then in their burrow with their head filling the burrow and flush with the surface.
529:
Tiger beetles display an unusual form of pursuit in which they alternatively sprint quickly toward their prey, then stop and visually reorient. This may be because while running, the beetle is moving too fast for its visual system to accurately process images. To avoid obstacles while running they
569:
as
Cicindelinae include long mandibles shaped like sickles, simple teeth arranged along the mandible's inner surface, antennae that attach to the head between the base of the mandibles and the eye. The left mandible is approximately 3.3 mm and the right mandible is approximately 4.2mm long. A
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Some tiger beetles in the tropics are arboreal, but most run on the surface of the ground. They live along sea and lake shores, on sand dunes, around playa lakebeds and on clay banks or woodland paths, being particularly fond of sandy surfaces.
1993:
Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Balke, Michael; Kukowka, Sandra; Pflug, James M.; Martin, Sebastian; Meusemann, Karen; Hendrich, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Maddison, David R.; Niehuis, Oliver; Beutel, Rolf G.; Misof, Bernhard (October 2021).
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447:
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449:
446:
445:
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2472:"A Quantitative Analysis of Species Descriptions of Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera Cicindelidae), from 1758 to 2004, and Notes about Related Developments in Biodiversity Studies" by D.L. Pearson and F. Cassola.
426:
424:
421:
420:
425:
2190:
Layne, J. E., Chen, P. W., & Gilbert, C. (2006). The role of target elevation in prey selection by tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindela spp.). Journal of
Experimental Biology, 209(Pt 21), 4295–4303.
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475:
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470:
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Tiger
Beetles of the Madagascan Region (Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes, and other islands) Taxonomic revision of the 17 genera occurring in the region (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
448:
613:) but since 2020, there has been growing evidence for the treatment as a separate family, that is sister to the Carabidae. Many genera are the result of the splitting of the large genus
423:
313:(Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, which are a sister group to Carabidae within the
2333:
Gough, Harlan M.; Duran, Daniel P.; Kawahara, Akito Y.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F.A. (2018). "A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae)".
2071:"A test for the adequacy of bioindicator taxa: Are tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) appropriate indicators for monitoring the degradation of tropical forests in Venezuela?"
1996:"Phylogenomic analyses clarify the pattern of evolution of Adephaga (Coleoptera) and highlight phylogenetic artefacts due to model misspecification and excessive data trimming"
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They wait for prey to come too close, attempt to grab and pull them down their shaft. The hump and hooks prevent struggling prey from pulling them out of their shaft.
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Zhao, Xiangdong; Zhao, Xianye; Chen, Lei; Wang, Bo (2019). "The earliest tiger beetle from the Lower
Cretaceous of China (Coleoptera: Cicindelinae)".
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The fast-moving adults run down their prey and are extremely fast on the wing, their reaction times being of the same order as that of common
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long body form roughly around 8.1mm where the combined eyes and head are wider than the thorax, and long running legs. Previously known
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537:
Several species have been found to be sensitive to ultrasound and also produce ultrasound in response to bats and are thought to be
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2517:
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2372:"A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae): Molecular phylogeny of Cicindelinae"
1959:"Cornell News, Jan. 16, 1998 When tiger beetles chase prey at high speeds they go blind temporarily, Cornell entomologists learn"
1919:"Validation of tiger beetles as distinct family (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), review and reclassification of tribal relationships"
2459:"Further new country records of African Tiger Beetles with some taxonomical note (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)" by Peter Schüle.
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are often brightly colored, while the other genera mentioned are usually uniform black in color. Tiger beetles in the genus
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620:
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Baca, Stephen M.; Gustafson, Grey T.; Alexander, Alana M.; Gough, Harlan M.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (October 2021).
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303:, known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle,
2110:"SPATIAL MODELING OF BUTTERFLY SPECIES RICHNESS USING TIGER BEETLES (CICINDELIDAE) AS A BIOINDICATOR TAXON"
2109:
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Period, 125 million years ago. Most fossils found are grey or yellow silty mudstone. Traits that identify
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2017:
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by David L. Pearson, C. Barry
Knisley and Charles J. Kazilek. Oxford University Press, 2005.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20060831202838/http://homepage3.nifty.com/trechinae/cicinw.htm
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have been found to be able to hunt without use of their eyes and several are crepuscular.
404:
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Gough, Harlan M.; Duran, Daniel P.; Kawahara, Akito Y.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F.A. (2019).
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Gough, Harlan M.; Rubin, Juliette J.; Kawahara, Akito Y.; Barber, Jesse R. (2024).
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are the largest in size of the family. These live primarily in the dry regions of
2655:
2242:"Tiger beetles produce anti-bat ultrasound and are probable Batesian moth mimics"
325:
Tiger beetles often have large bulging eyes, long, slender legs and large curved
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2203:"Diurnal Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) Capture Prey Without Sight"
2133:
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2037:
Tiger beetles : the evolution, ecology, and diversity of the cicindelids
2021:
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by David L. Pearson and
Alfried P. Vogler. Cornell University Press, 2001.
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2622:
Tiger
Beetles of the World - Illustrated guide to the genera, 338 species
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341:
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126:
85:
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65:
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50:
2411:"Integrative phylogenomics reveals a Permian origin of Adephaga beetles"
2669:
2486:
Tiger
Beetles: The Evolution, Ecology, and Diversity of the Cicindelids
2426:
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2012:
1995:
1931:
1918:
1659:
1318:
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121:
100:
75:
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of tiger beetles live in cylindrical burrows as much as a meter deep.
2800:
2168:"Blinded by speed, tiger beetles use antennae to 'see' while running"
1268:
1238:
1145:
1105:
296:
190:
180:
160:
2626:
2069:
Rodríguez, Jon Paul; Pearson, David L.; Barrera, Roberto R. (1998).
2480:
Tiger
Beetles of Alberta: Killers on the Clay, Stalkers on the Sand
697:
Most tiger beetles run on the ground living on sand and lake shores
2492:
A Field Guide to the Tiger
Beetles of the United States and Canada
682:
465:
441:
435:
416:
411:
1478:
541:, imitating the sounds of toxic moths that are avoided by bats.
347:
2630:
329:. All are predatory, both as adults and as larvae. The genus
2126:
10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0531:SMOBSR]2.0.CO;2
499:. Several species of wingless parasitic wasps in the genus
2039:. Ithaca: Comstock Publishing Associates. p. 261.
2146:
Burdick, D.J. and Wasbauer, M.S. (1959). "Biology of
574:
fossils of tiger beetles have been described from the
619:, and many were described by the German entomologist
1224:
971:
2719:
2639:
597:Tiger beetles had been treated either as a family
2482:by John Acorn. University of Alberta Press, 2001.
2108:Carroll, Steven S.; Pearson, David L. (1998).
8:
495:and have been used in ecological studies on
455:Tiger beetle larvae attempting to catch prey
2291:
2289:
2287:
2201:Riggins, John J.; Hoback, W. Wyatt (2005).
1917:Duran, Daniel P.; Gough, Harlan M. (2020).
2627:
549:The oldest fossil tiger beetle yet found,
111:
31:
2275:
2257:
2011:
1952:
1950:
1930:
589:, 112 million years ago, both in Brazil.
2156:Department of Environmental Conservation
1912:
1910:
2567:Planet's Coolest Critters—Tiger Beetles
2543:, Venette, 1991, 1992, 1993 & 1995.
1906:
625:
509:), lay their eggs on larvae of various
430:Tiger beetle larvae repairing its shaft
2469:by Karl Werner, Taita Publishers 2000.
685:, showing the large eyes and mandibles
7:
2902:b4fa0bbb-5f55-4a89-9a81-f396cd68d16a
2840:572884f9-ad6e-4e77-82d3-62cc7e1135c9
2150:Westwood (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)."
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:Pearson, D.L. & F. Cassola, 2005
491:Tiger beetles are considered a good
371:and may be out on the hottest days,
1957:Friedlander, Blaine (1998-01-16).
727:Gunung Belumut Recreational Forest
578:, about 113 million years ago and
339:. Other well-known genera include
25:
2603:Siuslaw Hairy-Necked Tiger Beetle
1233:Song, Jarzembowski and Xiao, 2022
2577:Tiger Beetles of Papua Indonesia
718:
702:
690:
669:
650:
628:
561:, China, and dates to the early
137:
1794:J. Moravec & Kudrna, 2002
663:Cicindela nevadica lincolniana
1:
2312:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.019
2087:10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00017-7
363:. While members of the genus
2454:General and cited references
2592:Featured Creatures Web site
2572:Tiger Beetles of the U.S.A.
2467:The Tiger beetles of Africa
1834:Cassola & Werner, 2001
1814:Cassola & Wranik, 1998
1534:Cassola & Werner, 2004
2954:
2474:The Coleopterists Bulletin
2207:Journal of Insect Behavior
2035:Pearson, David L. (2001).
2476:Vol 59, no. 2, June 2005.
2219:10.1007/s10905-005-3691-5
337:cosmopolitan distribution
278:
271:
228:
223:
134:Scientific classification
132:
119:
110:
34:
2582:Tiger beetles of Florida
2499:The Beetles of the World
480:Six-spotted tiger beetle
2114:Ecological Applications
2075:Biological Conservation
1754:Guerin-Meneville, 1839
1080:Guerin-Meneville, 1845
937:Guerin-Meneville, 1855
659:Salt Creek tiger beetle
482:adults including a pair
2259:10.1098/rsbl.2023.0610
1130:Guerin-Meneville, 1849
857:Guerin-Meneville, 1843
483:
456:
431:
2910:Paleobiology Database
2415:Systematic Entomology
2376:Systematic Entomology
2336:Systematic Entomology
2000:Systematic Entomology
1923:Systematic Entomology
551:Cretotetracha grandis
478:
454:
429:
2835:Fauna Europaea (new)
2461:Entomologia Africana
2148:Methocha californica
601:or as the subfamily
2612:—Video produced by
2595:Moravec J. (2010):
2299:Cretaceous Research
2152:Wasmann Jour. Biol.
711:Cicindela chinensis
635:Museum specimen of
306:Rivacindela hudsoni
2620:Štrunc V. (2020):
2615:Oregon Field Guide
2608:2020-06-29 at the
2531:2010-10-06 at the
2520:2010-08-05 at the
2509:2010-08-05 at the
2427:10.1111/syen.12506
2388:10.1111/syen.12324
2349:10.1111/syen.12324
2013:10.1111/syen.12508
1961:. News.cornell.edu
1932:10.1111/syen.12440
1624:Motschulsky, 1856
1483:Eschscholtz, 1829
1200:Dokhtouroff, 1883
1040:Dokhtouroff, 1882
777:Dokhtouroff, 1883
518:Cicindela dorsalis
484:
457:
432:
2925:
2924:
2633:Taxon identifiers
1895:
1894:Olsoufieff, 1934
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1614:Lacordaire, 1843
1605:
1604:Lacordaire, 1843
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1564:J. Moravec, 2002
1555:
1545:
1535:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1413:Basilewsky, 1953
1404:
1394:
1393:Motschulsky, 1862
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1293:Motschulsky, 1859
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1190:Motschulsky, 1862
1181:
1171:
1161:
1160:Motschulsky, 1850
1151:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1090:Dokhtouroff, 1883
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
980:Zhao et al., 2019
968:
958:
948:
938:
928:
927:Lacordaire, 1843
918:
908:
907:Dokhtouroff, 1883
898:
888:
878:
877:Motschulsky, 1862
868:
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
587:Santana Formation
553:, comes from the
493:indicator species
476:
452:
427:
290:
289:
284:
219:
27:Family of beetles
16:(Redirected from
2945:
2918:
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2905:
2904:
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2879:NHMSYS0001717606
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2563:
2554:Cicindela Online
2539:by Karl Werner,
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2015:
1990:
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1874:Latreille, 1822
1873:
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1803:
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1664:Fleutiaux, 1899
1663:
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1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1560:Paraphysodeutera
1553:
1544:Mannerheim, 1837
1543:
1533:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1372:
1369:Micromentignatha
1362:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1263:(LeConte, 1854)
1262:
1252:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1196:Habroscelimorpha
1189:
1179:
1169:
1166:Grandopronotalia
1159:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
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1009:
999:
989:
979:
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957:Fabricius, 1801
956:
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856:
846:
836:
826:
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796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
725:One specimen in
722:
706:
694:
673:
654:
632:
555:Yixian Formation
477:
453:
428:
295:are a family of
282:
214:
142:
141:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
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2702:
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2648:
2635:
2610:Wayback Machine
2561:
2550:
2533:Wayback Machine
2522:Wayback Machine
2511:Wayback Machine
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2407:
2403:
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2246:Biology Letters
2239:
2238:
2234:
2200:
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2195:
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2185:
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2174:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2059:Werner, K. 2000
2058:
2054:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2006:(4): 991–1018.
1992:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1854:Latreille, 1816
1824:Rivalier, 1965
1804:Rivalier, 1950
1744:Fleutiaux, 1894
1674:Chaudoir, 1850
1513:Rivalier, 1972
1499:Opisthencentrus
1493:Rivalier, 1954
1463:Rivalier, 1961
1423:Rivalier, 1963
1383:Rivalier, 1954
1353:Westwood, 1842
1343:Latreille, 1802
1333:Fabricius, 1781
1253:Chaudoir, 1865
1232:
1180:Rivalier, 1963
1150:Rivalier, 1963
1110:Rivalier, 1954
1030:Rivalier, 1957
967:Chaudoir, 1850
897:Rivalier, 1969
837:Chaudoir, 1860
827:Rivalier, 1954
797:Rivalier, 1963
737:
730:
723:
714:
707:
698:
695:
686:
678:Cicindela goryi
674:
665:
655:
646:
633:
595:
576:Crato Formation
547:
539:Batesian mimics
527:
490:
466:
442:
417:
405:southern Africa
323:
283:Latreille, 1802
213:
136:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
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28:
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15:
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2951:
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2923:
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2822:Fauna Europaea
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2548:External links
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2213:(3): 305–312.
2193:
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2159:
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2120:(2): 531–543.
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1724:Rivalier, 1957
1716:
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1704:W. Horn, 1929
1700:Pronyssiformia
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1654:Rivalier, 1963
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1634:Macleay, 1825
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1503:W. Horn, 1893
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1220:Leconte, 1860
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1170:W. Horn, 1936
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1142:
1132:
1122:
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1050:Westwood, 1837
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1020:Chaudoir, 1860
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1010:Cassola, 1986
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1000:Westwood, 1831
992:
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947:Linnaeus, 1758
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917:Jeannel, 1946
909:
899:
889:
887:Jeannel, 1946
879:
869:
859:
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847:W. Horn, 1897
843:Caledonomorpha
839:
829:
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817:W. Horn, 1897
809:
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1554:W. Horn, 1892
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1526:
1523:Dejean, 1825
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1070:Werner, 1995
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1033:
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1026:Diastrophella
1023:
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1008:
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1006:Darlingtonica
1003:
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988:
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976:Cretotetracha
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584:
582:
581:Oxycheilopsis
577:
573:
568:
567:Cretotetracha
564:
560:
556:
552:
545:Fossil record
544:
542:
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535:
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514:
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298:
294:
293:Tiger beetles
281:Cicindelinae
280:
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260:
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254:Megacephalini
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82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:Aptian–Recent
33:
30:
19:
2938:Cicindelidae
2765:Cicindelinae
2751:Cicindelidae
2721:Cicindelinae
2720:
2641:Cicindelidae
2640:
2613:
2541:Sciences Nat
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2463:15(2), 2010.
2460:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2379:
2375:
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2340:
2334:
2328:
2303:
2297:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2186:
2175:. Retrieved
2172:ScienceDaily
2171:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2081:(1): 69–76.
2078:
2074:
2064:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2003:
1999:
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1922:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1864:Schaum, 1861
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1784:Nidek, 1973
1778:
1774:Bates, 1891
1768:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1694:Bates, 1874
1688:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1610:Physodeutera
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1517:
1509:Orthocindela
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1469:Odontocheila
1467:
1457:
1447:
1443:Bedel, 1895
1437:
1427:
1419:Neocicindela
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1359:Metriocheila
1357:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1313:Deuve, 2006
1307:
1299:Macfarlandia
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1243:Dejean, 1831
1237:
1227:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1156:Grammognatha
1154:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1086:Ellipsoptera
1084:
1074:
1064:
1060:Dejean, 1826
1054:
1046:Distipsidera
1044:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
867:Gistl, 1848
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
813:Bennigsenium
811:
807:Mandl, 1981
801:
791:
781:
771:
761:
751:
741:
709:
676:
662:
636:
621:Walther Horn
614:
603:Cicindelinae
602:
599:Cicindelidae
598:
596:
579:
566:
550:
548:
536:
531:
528:
516:
510:
500:
497:biodiversity
489:
485:
458:
433:
409:
400:
396:
392:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:are usually
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
330:
324:
304:
301:Cicindelidae
300:
292:
291:
245:
211:Cicindelidae
210:
120:
35:Tiger beetle
29:
18:Cicindelidae
2848:iNaturalist
2745:Wikispecies
2343:(2): 1–17.
2306:: 147–151.
2154:17:75-88.
1820:Stenocosmia
1780:Rivacindela
1760:Rhysopleura
1734:Mandl, 1975
1720:Prothymidia
1644:Klug, 1835
1640:Pogonostoma
1600:Phyllodroma
1590:Phaeoxantha
1574:Bates, 1872
1429:Neocollyris
1399:Naviauxella
1379:Microthylax
1339:Megacephala
1323:Kolbe, 1896
1279:Leptognatha
1210:Hope, 1838
1126:Euryarthron
1076:Dromochorus
1036:Dilatotarsa
990:Klug, 1821
963:Cratohaerea
923:Cheilonycha
803:Baloghiella
787:Hope, 1838
767:Hope, 1838
753:Amblycheila
747:Hope, 1838
729:, Malaysia.
525:Adaptations
381:Amblycheila
354:Amblycheila
321:Description
259:Oxycheilini
247:Amblycheila
244:(including
242:Manticorini
237:Collyridini
232:Cicindelini
2177:2020-10-26
2046:0801438829
1965:2020-10-26
1870:Tricondyla
1860:Thopeutica
1844:Hope, 1838
1790:Ronhuberia
1714:Hope, 1838
1650:Polyrhanis
1630:Platychile
1620:Picnochile
1570:Pentacomia
1550:Oxygoniola
1439:Neolaphyra
1389:Myriochila
1259:Jundlandia
1206:Heptodonta
1140:Hope, 1838
1136:Eurymorpha
1116:Euprosopus
1066:Dromicoida
1016:Derocrania
986:Ctenostoma
913:Chaetodera
833:Caledonica
783:Apteroessa
773:Antennaria
757:Say, 1829
743:Abroscelis
643:Mozambique
583:cretacicus
563:Cretaceous
461:houseflies
201:Caraboidea
191:Coleoptera
171:Arthropoda
2656:Q16718297
2599:(430 pp.)
2537:volume 20
2535:, and 20
2526:volume 18
2515:volume 15
2504:volume 13
2443:237486703
2435:0307-6970
2320:134441297
2268:1744-957X
2227:0892-7553
2134:1051-0761
2095:0006-3207
2022:0307-6970
1941:0307-6970
1901:Citations
1810:Socotrana
1580:Peridexia
1519:Oxycheila
1459:Notospira
1449:Nickerlea
1349:Megalomma
1329:Manticora
1186:Habrodera
1096:Enantiola
996:Cylindera
943:Cicindela
933:Cheiloxya
903:Cephalota
893:Cenothyla
863:Callytron
853:Callidema
823:Brasiella
793:Archidela
657:The rare
641:sp. from
638:Manticora
616:Cicindela
607:Carabidae
585:from the
532:Cicindela
512:Cicindela
507:Thynnidae
401:Manticora
393:Cicindela
389:nocturnal
385:Manticora
365:Cicindela
360:Manticora
332:Cicindela
327:mandibles
216:Latreille
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
2932:Category
2796:BugGuide
2772:BioLib:
2730:Wikidata
2650:Wikidata
2606:Archived
2529:Archived
2518:Archived
2507:Archived
2396:54046862
2357:54046862
2277:11285850
1850:Therates
1840:Tetracha
1830:Sumlinia
1710:Prothyma
1690:Pronyssa
1680:Probstia
1540:Oxygonia
1489:Opilidia
1409:Neochila
1309:Manautea
1249:Jansenia
1216:Hypaetha
1176:Guineica
953:Collyris
873:Calomera
593:Taxonomy
572:Mesozoic
505:(family
502:Methocha
397:Tetracha
387:are all
373:Tetracha
342:Tetracha
315:Adephaga
273:Synonyms
207:Family:
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
127:Tanzania
2736:Q196140
2670:3259940
2584:on the
1670:Prepusa
1660:Pometon
1319:Mantica
1289:Lophyra
1056:Dromica
605:of the
391:. Both
369:diurnal
297:beetles
224:Tribes
187:Order:
181:Insecta
177:Class:
125:sp. in
122:Lophyra
2915:302586
2899:NZOR:
2866:678853
2853:119895
2827:387283
2788:160628
2775:249661
2709:708683
2696:109230
2683:104263
2441:
2433:
2394:
2355:
2318:
2274:
2266:
2225:
2132:
2093:
2043:
2020:
1939:
1269:Langea
1239:Iresia
1146:Euzona
1106:Eunota
763:Aniara
735:Genera
412:larvae
335:has a
218:, 1802
2892:27450
2814:8KTNV
2704:WoRMS
2678:IRMNG
2439:S2CID
2392:S2CID
2353:S2CID
2316:S2CID
2252:(5).
1229:Hujia
683:India
681:from
436:grubs
2887:NCBI
2861:ITIS
2783:BOLD
2691:ITIS
2665:GBIF
2590:IFAS
2431:ISSN
2264:ISSN
2223:ISSN
2130:ISSN
2091:ISSN
2041:ISBN
2018:ISSN
1937:ISSN
1880:Vata
1479:Omus
434:The
410:The
395:and
383:and
377:Omus
357:and
348:Omus
46:PreꞒ
2874:NBN
2809:CoL
2801:375
2760:AFD
2423:doi
2384:doi
2345:doi
2308:doi
2272:PMC
2254:doi
2215:doi
2122:doi
2083:doi
2008:doi
1927:doi
557:in
2934::
2912::
2889::
2876::
2863::
2850::
2837::
2824::
2811::
2798::
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2588:/
2586:UF
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2437:.
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2304:94
2302:.
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2270:.
2262:.
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2248:.
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2209:.
2205:.
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2112:.
2089:.
2079:83
2077:.
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2016:.
2004:46
2002:.
1998:.
1983:^
1949:^
1935:.
1921:.
1909:^
661:,
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379:,
375:,
351:,
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317:.
299:,
96:Pg
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1968:.
1943:.
1929::
1527:†
1225:†
972:†
645:.
609:(
250:)
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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