31:
53:
1534:
1522:
207:). The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts, as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi.
1371:
Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, Spatafora JW (September 2007). "A multi-gene phylogeny of
Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach".
1701:
1753:
1597:
1415:
Spatafora JW, Sung GH, Sung JM, Hywel-Jones NL, White JF Jr (2007). "Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes".
1675:
1714:
30:
1508:
1469:
1328:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil
Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
1309:
1827:
275:
currently (July 2018) lists the following genera in this family. With additions (including no. of species) from
Wijayawardene et al. 2020.
1789:
271:" (having no known sexual cycle) are now re-classified into other families, in light of current molecular and other evidence.
1719:
52:
1740:
1822:
1526:
1758:
1817:
1484:
1550:
1267:
796:
1196:
1066:
485:
1210:
998:
563:
1794:
1768:
1623:
1588:
1538:
1424:
1381:
1113:
969:
951:
256:
1667:
1274:
1034:
1009:
868:
839:
740:
718:
474:
409:
367:
1160:
1073:
700:
682:
517:
510:
434:
1246:
1228:
1221:
1189:
958:
893:
789:
729:
657:
617:
556:
360:
1055:
940:
933:
922:
782:
671:
353:
221:
47:
39:
1146:
850:
596:
531:
524:
427:
292:
1459:
1203:
1153:
1124:
1084:
1048:
828:
814:
664:
299:
1776:
1610:
1504:
1465:
1440:
1397:
1305:
1041:
821:
503:
463:
374:
1706:
911:
395:
381:
1781:
1432:
1389:
1351:
1341:
1260:
1178:
1167:
1102:
164:
496:
234:
94:
1654:
1428:
1385:
1662:
1235:
857:
639:
281:
1811:
1602:
1436:
1135:
628:
335:
306:
246:
1346:
1329:
1615:
1253:
987:
904:
886:
803:
707:
610:
324:
242:
204:
196:
1745:
1688:
1582:
1393:
1091:
976:
751:
603:
402:
313:
251:
172:
104:
1533:
1027:
650:
538:
388:
238:
200:
125:
84:
1573:
1649:
1636:
545:
452:
441:
416:
188:
64:
1444:
1401:
1521:
1727:
1567:
1016:
875:
689:
574:
342:
268:
230:
226:
216:
203:, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (
1356:
585:
1693:
74:
1732:
1680:
1544:
179:
in the family, but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50.
1641:
192:
176:
168:
219:
toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is
137:
1548:
1628:
1323:
1321:
1464:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 2354–7.
267:
Several genera, especially those previously described as "
1499:
C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al.,
191:
analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the
225:, which has historical significance as the cause of
1557:
1300:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
1485:Mycobank: Clavicipitaceae (retrieved 21 July 2018)
945:D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
479:D. Johnson, G.H. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
1304:(10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 150.
8:
1545:
745:D.W. Li, R.S. Cowles & C.R. Vossbrinck
29:
20:
1355:
1345:
1503:(John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004)
1330:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
1292:
1003:Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard
644:E. Tanaka, C. Tanaka, Gafur & Tsuda
992:U. Steiner, E. Leistner & Leuchtm.
199:, and consists of three well-defined
7:
1769:f482054f-04a6-48a6-b92f-c4a27f49228c
1183:Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitp.
1078:Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitp.
963:Luangsa-ard, Samson & Thanakitp.
421:Yoshim. Doi, Dargan & K.S. Thind
245:, which are chemical derivatives of
1279:Samson, Luangsa-ard & Thanakitp
723:Samson, Houbraken & Luangsa-ard
676:Samson, Luangsa-ard & Houbraken
14:
1532:
1520:
1437:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03225.x
734:Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber
51:
255:species are widely used in the
1501:Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.
1:
457:A. Giraldo, Gené & Guarro
215:Many of its members produce
175:. A 2008 estimate placed 43
1828:Taxa named by Gustav Lindau
1394:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.011
981:J.F. White & P.V. Reddy
1844:
1461:Encyclopedia of Entomology
1347:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
1129:Chaverri & K.T. Hodge
1096:Chaverri & K.T. Hodge
150:
145:
131:
124:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
579:(Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul.
490:Y.N. Yu & Z.Y. Zhang
233:. Ergotism is caused by
1302:Dictionary of the Fungi
1021:Bat. & O.M. Fonseca
844:Crous & M.J. Wingf.
1215:Kepler & Spatafora
1458:Capinera JL. (2008).
1374:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
712:F. Patt & Charles
119:(Lindau) Earle (1901)
1529:at Wikimedia Commons
1823:Ascomycota families
1429:2007MolEc..16.1701S
1386:2007MolPE..44.1204S
927:Ryley & Langdon
195:Clavicipitaceae is
257:biological control
227:St. Anthony's fire
222:Claviceps purpurea
40:Claviceps purpurea
1805:
1804:
1777:Open Tree of Life
1551:Taxon identifiers
1525:Media related to
1509:978-0-471-52229-4
1471:978-1-4020-6242-1
1311:978-0-85199-826-8
1067:Pseudometarhizium
486:Corallocytostroma
464:Commelinaceomyces
259:of insect pests.
171:within the order
157:
156:
120:
1835:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1746:NHMSYS0020535218
1736:
1735:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1631:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1546:
1537:Data related to
1536:
1524:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1423:(8): 1701–1711.
1412:
1406:
1405:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1297:
1280:
1261:Wakefieldiomyces
1241:
1216:
1211:Tyrannicordyceps
1184:
1173:
1168:Sphaerocordyceps
1141:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1079:
1061:
1022:
1004:
993:
982:
964:
946:
928:
917:
899:
881:
863:
845:
834:
809:
757:
746:
735:
724:
713:
695:
677:
645:
634:
623:
591:
580:
569:
551:
491:
480:
469:
458:
447:
422:
348:
330:
319:
287:
229:, also known as
118:
56:
55:
33:
24:Clavicipitaceae
21:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1818:Clavicipitaceae
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1589:Clavicipitaceae
1587:
1586:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1559:Clavicipitaceae
1553:
1539:Clavicipitaceae
1527:Clavicipitaceae
1517:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1239:
1214:
1182:
1171:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1114:Rotiferophthora
1106:
1095:
1077:
1059:
1020:
1002:
991:
980:
970:Parametarhizium
962:
952:Palaeoclaviceps
944:
926:
915:
897:
879:
861:
843:
832:
807:
758:(78) (includes
755:
744:
733:
722:
711:
693:
675:
643:
632:
621:
589:
578:
567:
549:
497:Cordycepioideus
489:
478:
467:
456:
445:
420:
346:
328:
317:
285:
265:
235:ergot alkaloids
213:
185:
161:Clavicipitaceae
141:
135:
117:
115:Clavicipitaceae
95:Sordariomycetes
50:
17:
16:Family of fungi
12:
11:
5:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1786:
1773:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1579:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1541:at Wikispecies
1530:
1516:
1515:External links
1513:
1512:
1511:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1477:
1470:
1450:
1407:
1380:(3): 1204–23.
1363:
1317:
1310:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:Yosiokobayasia
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:Ustilaginoidea
1232:
1225:
1218:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1175:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1081:
1070:
1063:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1035:Polistophthora
1031:
1024:
1013:
1010:Phytocordyceps
1006:
995:
984:
973:
966:
955:
948:
937:
930:
919:
908:
901:
890:
883:
872:
869:Neoaraneomyces
865:
858:Myriogenospora
854:
847:
840:Mycophilomyces
836:
825:
818:
811:
800:
793:
786:
779:
760:Chamaeleomyces
748:
741:Metarhiziopsis
737:
726:
719:Marquandomyces
715:
704:
697:
686:
679:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:Heteroepichloe
636:
625:
614:
607:
600:
593:
582:
571:
560:
553:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
493:
482:
475:Conoideocrella
471:
460:
449:
438:
431:
424:
413:
410:Campylothecium
406:
399:
392:
385:
378:
371:
364:
357:
350:
339:
332:
321:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:Aciculosporium
277:
264:
261:
212:
209:
184:
181:
155:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
136:
129:
128:
122:
121:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1840:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:Other sources
1493:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1340:: 1060–1456.
1339:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:Sphaceliopsis
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1136:Shimizuomyces
1133:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1074:Purpureomyces
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1001:
1000:
996:
990:
989:
985:
979:
978:
974:
972:
971:
967:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
925:
924:
920:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:
902:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
866:
860:
859:
855:
853:
852:
848:
842:
841:
837:
831:
830:
826:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
806:
805:
801:
799:
798:
794:
792:
791:
787:
785:
784:
780:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Metacordyceps
761:
754:
753:
749:
743:
742:
738:
732:
731:
727:
721:
720:
716:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:
701:Linearistroma
698:
692:
691:
687:
685:
684:
683:Kentrosporium
680:
674:
673:
669:
667:
666:
662:
660:
659:
655:
653:
652:
648:
642:
641:
637:
631:
630:
629:Helminthascus
626:
620:
619:
615:
613:
612:
608:
606:
605:
601:
599:
598:
594:
588:
587:
583:
577:
576:
572:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
554:
548:
547:
543:
541:
540:
536:
534:
533:
529:
527:
526:
522:
520:
519:
518:Diheterospora
515:
513:
512:
511:Corynesphaera
508:
506:
505:
501:
499:
498:
494:
488:
487:
483:
477:
476:
472:
466:
465:
461:
455:
454:
450:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
435:Chromostylium
432:
430:
429:
425:
419:
418:
414:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:
400:
398:
397:
393:
391:
390:
386:
384:
383:
379:
377:
376:
372:
370:
369:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:
351:
345:
344:
340:
338:
337:
336:Atricordyceps
333:
327:
326:
322:
316:
315:
311:
309:
308:
307:Allocordyceps
304:
302:
301:
297:
295:
294:
290:
284:
283:
279:
278:
276:
274:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
253:
248:
247:lysergic acid
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
218:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
149:
144:
139:
134:
130:
127:
123:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1558:
1500:
1480:
1460:
1453:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1337:
1333:
1301:
1295:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1254:Villosiclava
1252:
1247:Ustilagopsis
1245:
1234:
1229:Ustilaginula
1227:
1222:Underwoodina
1220:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1190:Tettigorhyza
1188:
1177:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1123:
1112:
1101:
1090:
1083:
1072:
1065:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1015:
1008:
997:
988:Periglandula
986:
975:
968:
959:Papiliomyces
957:
950:
939:
932:
921:
910:
905:Neotyphodium
903:
894:Neocordyceps
892:
887:Neoclaviceps
885:
874:
867:
856:
849:
838:
827:
820:
813:
804:Moelleriella
802:
795:
790:Mitrasphaera
788:
781:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
750:
739:
730:Metapochonia
728:
717:
708:Loculistroma
706:
699:
688:
681:
670:
663:
658:Hypocreophis
656:
649:
638:
627:
618:Helicocollum
616:
611:Harposporium
609:
602:
595:
584:
573:
562:
557:Echinodothis
555:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
495:
484:
473:
462:
451:
440:
433:
426:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
361:Balansiopsis
359:
352:
341:
334:
325:Atkinsonella
323:
312:
305:
298:
291:
280:
272:
266:
250:
243:ergocristine
220:
214:
211:Significance
205:Hypocreaceae
197:paraphyletic
189:phylogenetic
186:
160:
158:
151:
132:
114:
38:
18:
1689:iNaturalist
1583:Wikispecies
1357:10481/61998
1268:Xylariopsis
1118:G.L. Barron
1092:Regiocrella
1060:G.L. Barron
1056:Pseudomeria
977:Parepichloe
941:Orbiocrella
934:Ophiodothis
923:Nigrocornus
916:Luangsa-ard
783:Mitosporium
752:Metarhizium
672:Keithomyces
622:Luangsa-ard
604:Fleischeria
403:Byssostilbe
354:Balansiella
314:Aschersonia
252:Metarhizium
173:Hypocreales
105:Hypocreales
1812:Categories
1334:Mycosphere
1287:References
1147:Spermoedia
1028:Podocrella
851:Myriogenis
776:Stereocrea
651:Hypocrella
633:Tranzschel
597:Ergotaetia
539:Dubiomyces
532:Drechmeria
525:Dothichloe
428:Cepsiclava
389:Berkelella
293:Akrophyton
269:anamorphic
239:ergotamine
237:, such as
187:Molecular
126:Type genus
85:Ascomycota
81:Division:
1650:FloraBase
1417:Mol. Ecol
1204:Typhodium
1154:Sphacelia
1125:Samuelsia
1085:Racemella
1049:Polyrhina
862:G.F. Atk.
833:A. Möller
829:Mycomalus
815:Morakotia
797:Moelleria
768:Spatafora
665:Hypoxylum
546:Dussiella
468:E. Tanaka
453:Collarina
442:Claviceps
417:Cavimalum
300:Albomyces
286:I. Miyake
217:alkaloids
183:Phylogeny
152:See text
133:Claviceps
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1728:MycoBank
1663:Fungorum
1603:60013427
1598:AusFungi
1568:Wikidata
1445:17402984
1402:17555990
1197:Torrubia
1172:Kobayasi
1140:Kobayasi
1042:Polynema
1017:Pochonia
898:Kobayasi
876:Neobarya
822:Mothesia
772:Nomuraea
690:Konradia
575:Epichloe
504:Cordylia
375:Baryella
343:Balansia
273:Mycobank
231:ergotism
111:Family:
61:Domain:
1574:Q672560
1425:Bibcode
1382:Bibcode
1107:Thirum.
1103:Romanoa
999:Petchia
912:Nigelia
756:Sorokīn
586:Epicrea
564:Ephelis
396:Blistum
382:Belaina
146:Genera
101:Order:
91:Class:
1795:100050
1782:969668
1766:NZOR:
1720:612943
1707:110502
1694:123254
1642:1CLAVF
1507:
1468:
1443:
1400:
1308:
1179:Sungia
694:Racib.
320:(170+)
263:Genera
201:clades
177:genera
165:family
163:are a
140:(1853)
1790:WoRMS
1759:34397
1733:82061
1702:IRMNG
1668:80608
1655:23275
1616:624CL
1240:Bref.
880:Lowen
808:Bres.
590:Petr.
448:(111)
368:Barya
347:Speg.
329:Diehl
318:Mont.
193:taxon
169:fungi
75:Fungi
1754:NCBI
1715:ITIS
1681:8417
1676:GBIF
1637:EPPO
1629:5648
1505:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1441:PMID
1398:PMID
1306:ISBN
1242:(19)
1120:(27)
882:(12)
810:(57)
774:and
581:(75)
550:Pat.
446:Tul.
349:(49)
241:and
159:The
138:Tul.
1741:NBN
1624:EoL
1611:CoL
1433:doi
1390:doi
1352:hdl
1342:doi
1281:(1)
1217:(5)
1185:(1)
1174:(2)
1142:(2)
1131:(6)
1109:(1)
1098:(2)
1080:(3)
1062:(1)
1023:(4)
1005:(2)
994:(2)
983:(4)
965:(2)
947:(1)
929:(1)
918:(2)
900:(1)
864:(4)
846:(1)
835:(1)
747:(1)
736:(6)
725:(1)
714:(1)
696:(2)
678:(3)
646:(2)
635:(1)
624:(3)
592:(1)
570:(4)
568:Fr.
552:(3)
492:(2)
481:(3)
470:(4)
459:(1)
423:(2)
331:(2)
288:(4)
167:of
1814::
1792::
1779::
1756::
1743::
1730::
1717::
1704::
1691::
1678::
1665::
1652::
1639::
1626::
1613::
1600::
1585::
1570::
1439:.
1431:.
1421:16
1419:.
1396:.
1388:.
1378:44
1376:.
1350:.
1338:11
1336:.
1332:.
1320:^
770:,
766:,
762:,
249:.
1474:.
1447:.
1435::
1427::
1404:.
1392::
1384::
1360:.
1354::
1344::
1314:.
778:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
