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the first local cologne was produced in the
Ottoman Empire by Ahmet Faruk. Eau de Cologne, which is called odikolon by the people, has taken the name of cologne over time. Even after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the habit of cologne did not end in Turkey. On the contrary, it became a culture that was passed on from generation to generation. Currently, in most houses in Turkey, cologne is offered to guests every time they visit.
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After the fame of the cologne became widespread, Farina's cologne was brought to the
Ottoman Empire during the reign of Abdülhamid II. It was common to offer rose water to guests in the Ottoman Empire at that time, but the tradition of offering cologne began after it became popular there. In 1882,
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created by Farina was used only as a perfume and delivered to "nearly all royal houses in Europe". His ability to produce a constantly homogeneous fragrance consisting of dozens of monoessences was seen as a sensation at the time. A single vial of this
285:. Originally the water of Cologne was believed to have the power to ward off bubonic plague. By drinking the cologne, the citrus oil scent would exude through the pores, repelling fleas. Many flea shampoos for dogs are based on citrus oils today.
204:. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange blossoms after the rain". He named his fragrance
420:, describes the author coming back from a whaling voyage and arriving at a small town where the local store is out of liquor and, as a substitute, they use a case of Eau de Cologne to drink.
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or "cologne" has become a generic term. The term "cologne" can be applied to perfume for men or women, but in
American English, usage typically refers to perfumes marketed toward men.
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and produced in
Cologne since at least 1799 and is therefore probably one of the oldest fragrances still produced in the world. On 12 December 2006, the perfumes and cosmetics company
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69:(Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1709, it has since come to be a generic term for scented formulations in typical concentration of 2–5% and also more depending upon its type of
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for miracle water) cost half the annual salary of a civil servant. When free trade was established in
Cologne by the French in 1797, the success of
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and to this day remains a secret. His shop at
Obenmarspforten opened in 1709 and is the world's oldest fragrance factory.
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In 1806, Jean Marie Joseph Farina, a great-grand-nephew of
Giovanni Maria Farina, opened a perfumery business in
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marketed toward men. It also may signify a less concentrated, more affordable, version of a popular perfume.
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is named after its location at
Glockengasse No. 4711. It was also developed in the 18th century by
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In contemporary
American English usage, the term "cologne" has become a generic term for
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prompted countless other businessmen to sell their own fragrances under the name of
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Rivista italiana essenze, profumi, piante offizinali, olii vegetali, saponi
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Deutsche Welle 13.07.2009: Original eau de
Cologne celebrates 300 years
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566:"Perfume & Cologne Market 2019-2025 | Professional Survey By ICRW"
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La Face, Francesco (1960). "Le materie prime per l'acqua di colonia".
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or a blend of extracts, alcohol, and water. In a base of dilute
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Basenotes 18 June 2009: An interview with Johann Maria Farina
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Information leaflet of the Farina Fragrance Museum at Cologne
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Fenaroli, Giovanni; Maggesi, L. (1960). "Acqua di Colonia".
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695:(1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt. pp. 145–146.
232:. Giovanni Maria Farina's formula has been produced in
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760:(in German). Vol. 43, no. 6. pp. 70–71.
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Physical Chemistry: Understanding Our Chemical World
472:
Physical Chemistry: Understanding Our Chemical World
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262:and has expanded it to a whole brand since then.
666:"A Brief History Of Kolonya, Turkey's Fragrance"
512:. Chichester: Horwood Books. pp. 25, 278.
77:(70–90%), eau de cologne contains a mixture of
810:
462:Relazione al Congresso di Sta. Maria Maggiore
8:
689:Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich (1991).
664:Yalav-Heckeroth, Feride (29 December 2016).
510:Perfumery Technology. Art, science, industry
508:Wells, Frederick V.; Billot, Marcel (1981).
494:. Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium (in French).
817:
803:
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730:Eau de Cologne: Farina's 300th Anniversary
53:; meaning "Water from Cologne") or simply
1018:Research Institute of Fragrance Materials
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1145:Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group
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184:is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in
1130:International Flavors & Fragrances
728:Eckstein, Markus; Sykes, John (2009).
501:Variations on the Eau de Cologne Theme
273:. That company now owns the rights to
531:(in German). Cologne: Greven Verlag.
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37:
7:
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1003:International Fragrance Association
775:Farina Gegenüber: Official website
591:"Finding Queen Victoria's perfume"
176:An eau de cologne by Farina (1811)
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208:, in honour of his new hometown.
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503:. Sta. Maria Maggiore Symposium.
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238:Farina opposite the Jülichplatz
65:, Germany. Originally mixed by
1249:Tourist attractions in Cologne
692:The collected poems, 1952-1990
121:. It can also contain oils of
1:
749:"'Französisch Kram' aus Köln"
527:Wilhelm, Jürgen, ed. (2005).
469:Monk, Paul M. S. (May 2004).
499:Wells, Frederick V. (1960).
492:Les Eaux de Cologne Parfumée
275:Eau de Cologne extra vieille
1023:Théâtre-Musée des Capucines
490:Sabetay, Sébastien (1960).
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397:
394:Cologne in Turkish culture
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732:. Cologne: J. P. Bachem.
1028:The Fragrance Foundation
747:Fischer, Carmen (2011).
245:Original Eau de Cologne
81:oils, including oils of
997:Fragrances of the World
614:Eckstein and Sykes, p 8
279:Original Eau de Cologne
269:that was later sold to
780:4711: Official website
529:Das große Köln-Lexikon
388:, François Coty (1905)
177:
50:[ˈkœlnɪʃˈvasɐ]
398:Further information:
277:, in contrast to the
190:Giovanni Maria Farina
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949:Fragrance extraction
260:Procter & Gamble
258:took over 4711 from
198:Santa Maria Maggiore
39:[od(ə)kɔlɔɲ]
1079:Johann Maria Farina
641:information leaflet
414:Yevgeny Yevtushenko
409:Literary references
196:perfume maker from
67:Johann Maria Farina
1244:1709 introductions
1239:Economy of Cologne
1234:Culture in Cologne
1229:History of Cologne
913:Herbal distillates
570:Big Fashion trends
271:Roger & Gallet
256:Mäurer & Wirtz
178:
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1094:Edmond Roudnitska
739:978-3-7616-2313-8
702:978-0-8050-0696-4
650:Monk, Paul M. S.
482:978-0-471-49181-1
288:In modern times,
61:originating from
16:(Redirected from
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1084:Jacques Guerlain
991:Fragrance Museum
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27:Type of perfume
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236:since 1709 by
230:Eau de Cologne
226:Eau de Cologne
218:aqua mirabilis
213:Eau de Cologne
206:Eau de Cologne
182:Eau de Cologne
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538:3-7743-0355-X
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959:Scentography
939:Aromachology
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673:. Retrieved
670:Culture Trip
669:
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599:. Retrieved
597:. 2019-05-12
594:
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574:. Retrieved
572:. 2019-09-20
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111:blood orange
54:
44:
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30:
29:
1155:T. Hasegawa
1059:Coco Chanel
968:Professions
901:Ingredients
722:Works cited
386:Cordon Vert
188:in 1709 by
1213:Categories
1198:Wiktionary
1089:Luca Turin
1013:Osmothèque
911:including
675:2020-04-08
601:2019-09-20
576:2019-09-20
547:References
430:Aftershave
139:petitgrain
107:grapefruit
95:clementine
42:; German:
1224:Perfumery
1115:Firmenich
1103:Companies
1038:Basenotes
923:Synthetic
552:Citations
475:. Wiley.
435:Deodorant
416:'s poem,
91:tangerine
1254:Perfumes
1219:Toiletry
1178:Category
1160:Takasago
1140:Robertet
1125:Givaudan
1120:Frutarom
975:Perfumer
881:Pomander
833:Overview
826:Perfumes
711:1883915M
424:See also
162:perfumes
151:oleaster
127:rosemary
123:lavender
99:bergamot
18:Colognes
1188:Commons
1150:Symrise
1135:Mane SA
932:Science
891:Fougère
840:History
637:Farina
628:Fischer
400:Kolonya
352:Troinoj
283:Cologne
234:Cologne
194:Italian
186:Cologne
168:History
155:tobacco
143:jasmine
135:oregano
75:ethanol
63:Cologne
59:perfume
55:cologne
35:French:
1047:People
1033:ISIPCA
886:Chypre
757:Damals
736:
709:
699:
535:
516:
479:
373:(1909)
354:(1889)
307:(1885)
153:, and
119:neroli
117:, and
87:orange
79:citrus
1110:Caron
954:Note
854:Types
752:(PDF)
281:from
267:Paris
222:Latin
147:olive
131:thyme
83:lemon
57:is a
734:ISBN
697:ISBN
533:ISBN
514:ISBN
477:ISBN
321:4711
305:4711
247:4711
243:The
211:The
103:lime
1215::
754:.
707:OL
705:.
668:.
619:^
593:.
568:.
453:42
369:,
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220:(
33:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
