1588:
560:
832:
848:
713:
728:
671:
412:
652:
864:
544:
740:
617:
2917:
603:
7150:
633:
806:
876:
2928:
1279:
575:
1271:
302:
7161:
4641:
3315:
782:
529:
7201:
1248:
701:
7181:
1259:
7191:
794:
7138:
4630:
1783:
7171:
2905:
201:
47:
192:", thus in the sense of "things made or sold by a confectioner". Also according to the OED, the sense of "the art and business of a confectioner" is first recorded in 1743, and the earliest use in the sense of a "confectioner's shop" dates to 1803. The entire entry is however currently under revision as of May 2024.
321:, who was known more commonly in 16th and 17th century England as a comfitmaker. Reflecting their original medicinal purpose, however, comfits were also produced by apothecaries and directions on how to make them appear in dispensatories as well as cookery texts. An early medieval Latin name for an apothecary was
1223:(NAICS 2012) splits sugar confectionery across three categories: National industry code 311340 for all non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing, 311351 for chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans, and national industry 311352 for confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate.
1563:
is largely determined by the amount of water present in the candy and the storage conditions. High-sugar candies, such as boiled candies, can have a shelf life of many years if kept covered in a dry environment. Spoilage of low-moisture candies tends to involve a loss of shape, color, texture, and
457:
The definition of which foods are "confectionery" vs "bread" can vary based on cultures and laws. In
Ireland, the definition of "bread" as a "staple food" for tax purposes requires that the sugar or fat content be no more than 2% of the weight of the flour, so some products sold as bread in the US
312:
As the non-medicinal applications of sugar developed, the comfitmaker, or confectioner gradually came into being as a separate trade. In the late medieval period the words confyt, comfect or cumfitt were generic terms for all kinds of sweetmeats made from fruits, roots, or flowers preserved with
271:
In the early history of sugar usage in Europe, it was initially the apothecary who had the most important role in the production of sugar-based preparations. Medieval
European physicians learned the medicinal uses of the material from the Arabs and Byzantine Greeks. One Middle Eastern remedy for
592:
is a large and diverse category of baked goods, united by the flour-based doughs used as the base for the product. These doughs are not always sweet, and the sweetness may come from the sugar, fruit, chocolate, cream, or other fillings that are added to the finished confection. Pastries can be
1572:, which results in the transfer of unwanted water from a high-moisture environment into a low-moisture candy, rendering it rubbery, or the loss of desirable water from a high-moisture candy into a dry environment, rendering the candy dry and brittle.
1567:
Candies spoil more quickly if they have different amounts of water in different parts of the candy (for example, a candy that combines marshmallow and nougat), or if they are stored in high-moisture environments. This process is due to the effects of
1551:: A confection made by caramelizing sugar or molasses along with butter. Toffee has a glossy surface and textures ranging from soft and sticky to a hard, brittle material. Its brown color and smoky taste arise from the caramelization of the sugars.
2653:, eldest son of John Cadbury who founded the now iconic brand, was the first chocolate-maker to commercialize the association between confectionery and romance, producing a heart-shaped box of chocolates for Valentine's Day in 1868
1213:
1205:
1208:(ISIC) scheme (revision 4) classifies both chocolate and sugar confectionery as ISIC 1073, which includes the manufacture of chocolate and chocolate confectionery; sugar confectionery proper (caramels, cachous, nougats, fondant,
154:(sugar worker). The confectionery industry also includes specialized training schools and extensive historical records. Traditional confectionery goes back to ancient times and continued to be eaten through the
1587:
334:
diverse cosmopolitan cultural influences were reflected in published recipes such as
European-style molded jellies flavored with cordials. In Europe, Ottoman confections (especially "lumps of delight" (
831:
212:
or sweets. Sugar and desserts have a long history in India: by about 500 BCE, people in India had developed the technology to produce sugar crystals. In the local language, these crystals were called
1771:
and was once banned in
Austria, Germany, and Norway. Some countries such as the UK have asked the food industry to phase out the use of these colorants, especially for products marketed to children.
559:
1661:
commonly eat confections as part of their travels. The indulgence in rich, sugary foods is seen as a special treat, and choosing local specialties is popular. For example, visitors to Vienna eat
2342:
670:
2637:
1531:: A crumbly milk-based soft and hard candy, based on sugars cooked to the soft ball stage. Comes in several forms, such as wafers and heart shapes. Not to be confused with
847:
712:
616:
391:, which is sweeter and is also a common commercial ingredient. Finally, confections, especially commercial ones, are sweetened by a variety of syrups obtained by
1220:
313:
sugar. By the 16th century, a cumfit was more specifically a seed, nut or small piece of spice enclosed in a round or ovoid mass of sugar. The production of
543:
6864:
2534:
2512:
6990:
2482:
1545:): A sugar confection that is folded many times above 120 °F (50 °C), incorporating air bubbles thus reducing its density and making it opaque.
4926:
863:
822:
are small, sweet baked treats. They originated as small cakes, and some traditional cookies have a soft, cake-like texture. Others are crisp or hard.
6126:
998:, although this term generally refers to a specific range of confectionery and does not include some items of sugar confectionery (e.g. ice cream).
318:
2706:
651:
5127:
4896:
2334:
367:
Confections are defined by the presence of sweeteners. These are usually sugars, but it is possible to buy sugar-free candies, such as sugar-free
7194:
1525:: A thick sugar paste made with gelatin, water, and confectioner's sugar, similar to gum paste, which is moulded into shapes, which then harden.
6944:
4921:
2849:
2807:
2258:
2055:
1961:
2014:
2123:
1592:
727:
73:
although exact definitions are difficult. In general, however, confections are divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categories:
632:
574:
739:
205:
875:
327:, and it was in this sort of sugar work that the activities of the two trades overlapped and that the word "confectionery" originated.
6562:
4677:
2194:
2177:
2423:
6664:
2830:
2678:
2631:
2407:
2374:
2317:
2107:
2082:
1994:
1931:
1904:
290:. These became known in England as alphenics, or more commonly as penidia, penids, pennet or pan sugar. They were the precursors of
256:, made contact with the Indian subcontinent and its "reeds that produce honey without bees". They adopted and then spread sugar and
2452:
1651:) was the first to commercialize the connection between romance and confectionery, producing a heart-shaped box of chocolates for
6954:
4754:
4742:
3026:
2621:
1811:
1714:
1212:), chewing gum, preserving fruit, nuts, fruit peels, and making confectionery lozenges and pastilles. In the European Union, the
2797:
3350:
3051:
2962:
2289:
Terry
Richardson, Geert Andersen, "Confectionery" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
2211:
119:(confections made of chocolate) are treated as a separate category, as are sugar-free versions of sugar confections. The words
2786:
5013:
495:, were rich yeast breads. The variety of styles and presentations extends from simple to elaborate. Major categories include
1564:
flavor, rather than the growth of dangerous microbes. Impermeable packaging can reduce spoilage due to storage conditions.
6839:
6824:
5390:
3302:
2932:
6844:
6730:
5276:
3046:
3036:
1748:
in confectionery can be particularly harmful to children. Therefore, confectionery contaminants, such as high levels of
1705:, although some confections, especially fried doughs and chocolate, are high-fat foods. Many confections are considered
308:. Sugar-coated nuts or spices for non-medicinal purposes marked the beginning of confectionery in late medieval England.
528:
7038:
6874:
6859:
6796:
6694:
6325:
338:) became very fashionable among European and British high society. An important study of Ottoman confectionery called
6939:
6849:
6488:
6458:
5246:
3292:
3152:
2702:
475:
6854:
6814:
6540:
6498:
6493:
6468:
6014:
4911:
4801:
1733:
1468:
805:
248:
to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create sweetmeats. Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the
6934:
6889:
6804:
6639:
6617:
6602:
6592:
6577:
6545:
6478:
6473:
6453:
5385:
4796:
4791:
4715:
3540:
3444:
3205:
2542:
2520:
1327:
2490:
2563:
Margaret McWilliams. (2006) Nutrition and
Dietetics Eighth edition edn. Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Inc.
602:
7048:
6752:
6612:
6597:
6587:
6463:
6411:
6365:
5402:
5058:
5038:
4722:
935:
340:
1606:
7225:
6869:
6720:
6607:
6520:
6151:
5333:
5053:
4901:
4831:
4821:
4774:
4737:
4732:
4670:
4462:
4262:
3953:
3830:
3147:
1674:
1528:
1506:
1458:
761:
1513:, typically made from dairy products and/or some form of flour. Sugar or molasses are used as sweeteners.
700:
6819:
6809:
6725:
6622:
6510:
6176:
6131:
5847:
5837:
5701:
5567:
5502:
5462:
5256:
4826:
4759:
3705:
3575:
3555:
2920:
2694:
1710:
765:
5924:
5328:
3878:
793:
781:
411:
1372:: Made by boiling milk and sugar to the soft-ball stage. In the US, it tends to be chocolate-flavored.
7007:
7002:
6985:
6904:
6747:
6674:
6555:
6550:
6535:
6483:
6221:
6111:
5785:
5780:
5572:
5048:
4916:
4710:
4432:
4237:
4003:
3753:
3743:
3695:
3079:
3041:
3031:
2154:
George Watt (1893), The
Economic Products of India, W.H. Allen & Co., Vol 6, Part II, pages 29â30
1871:
7204:
7180:
7174:
6253:
6156:
6146:
6121:
6004:
5964:
5934:
5904:
5899:
5721:
5711:
5306:
5229:
5105:
4973:
4963:
4906:
4769:
4247:
4161:
3998:
3525:
3429:
3343:
2985:
2955:
1801:
1760:
1510:
970:
680:
348:
261:
4544:
7017:
6884:
6764:
6380:
6360:
6355:
6243:
6211:
6186:
6136:
6116:
6064:
6034:
6019:
6009:
5969:
5944:
5877:
5852:
5842:
5822:
5706:
5691:
5681:
5579:
5537:
5512:
5487:
5442:
5397:
5323:
5261:
5236:
5033:
4983:
4953:
4891:
4881:
4876:
4534:
4048:
3825:
3815:
3515:
3084:
3074:
3069:
2603:
2025:
1694:
1476:
966:
919:
confections are treated as a separate category, as are sugar-free versions of sugar confections.
3768:
2130:
2074:
Confectionery
Products Handbook (Chocolate, Toffees, Chewing Gum & Sugar Free Confectionery)
1652:
3613:
7235:
7096:
6970:
6834:
6735:
6699:
6669:
6418:
6350:
6340:
6335:
6288:
6283:
6273:
6236:
6166:
6079:
5999:
5989:
5929:
5909:
5884:
5867:
5760:
5731:
5649:
5644:
5634:
5609:
5557:
5542:
5492:
5427:
5422:
5407:
5291:
5194:
5189:
5157:
5152:
5120:
5100:
5095:
5085:
5080:
5023:
5003:
4978:
4943:
4886:
4764:
4727:
4663:
4477:
4176:
4121:
4033:
3968:
3778:
3660:
3535:
3401:
3396:
3099:
2845:
2826:
2803:
2674:
2666:
2627:
2595:
2578:
Ergun R, Lietha R, Hartel RW (February 2010). "Moisture and shelf life in sugar confections".
2431:
2403:
2399:
2370:
2364:
2313:
2307:
2254:
2190:
2173:
2103:
2078:
2051:
1990:
1986:
1957:
1927:
1921:
1900:
1894:
1764:
550:
352:
28:
2909:
170:
is by
Richard Jonas in 1540, who spelled or misspelled it as "confection nere" in a passage "
7164:
7120:
7103:
7033:
7012:
6919:
6879:
6781:
6742:
6715:
6649:
6634:
6525:
6423:
6320:
6305:
6300:
6248:
6231:
6226:
6206:
6196:
6191:
6044:
6024:
5979:
5974:
5959:
5949:
5939:
5919:
5862:
5857:
5827:
5817:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5726:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5589:
5584:
5507:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5447:
5417:
5380:
5365:
5355:
5345:
5301:
5286:
5281:
5266:
5241:
5199:
5167:
5162:
5110:
5075:
5063:
5018:
5008:
4993:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4848:
4808:
4781:
4705:
4499:
4217:
4088:
4083:
4018:
3993:
3948:
3933:
3928:
3788:
3733:
3495:
3485:
3297:
3287:
2916:
2587:
2391:
2290:
1978:
1576:
989:
516:
479:
356:
224:
Before sugar was readily available in the ancient western world, confectionery was based on
155:
1838:
1767:, have many restrictions around the world. Tartrazine, for example, can cause allergic and
422:
Bakers' confectionery includes sweet baked goods, especially those that are served for the
6924:
6914:
6894:
6786:
6659:
6629:
6448:
6428:
6375:
6330:
6315:
6310:
6258:
6216:
6181:
6141:
6106:
6069:
6059:
6054:
6049:
5954:
5914:
5894:
5872:
5812:
5797:
5792:
5738:
5696:
5686:
5676:
5671:
5656:
5562:
5532:
5452:
5412:
5350:
5338:
5313:
5271:
5224:
5209:
5177:
5172:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5115:
5090:
5043:
5028:
4988:
4938:
4700:
4594:
4482:
4361:
4310:
4116:
4058:
4028:
3923:
3845:
3840:
3635:
3465:
3282:
3256:
3119:
3114:
3089:
3021:
2650:
1843:
1806:
1648:
1446:
1242:
1209:
943:
931:
927:
471:
335:
331:
134:
111:, in many English-speaking countries), candied nuts, chocolates, chewing gum, bubble gum,
6684:
4322:
2860:
2460:
1278:
184:
7230:
7043:
6980:
6949:
6909:
6679:
6582:
6530:
6515:
6438:
6433:
6370:
6268:
6201:
6171:
6161:
6094:
6039:
6029:
5984:
5889:
5832:
5802:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5639:
5604:
5594:
5547:
5497:
5457:
5437:
5432:
5375:
5360:
5318:
5296:
5219:
5182:
4856:
4816:
4786:
4644:
4609:
4524:
4494:
4401:
4338:
4327:
4305:
4277:
4151:
3820:
3640:
3560:
3505:
3439:
3336:
3319:
3104:
2948:
2044:
1706:
1690:
1666:
1569:
1472:
1413:
1286:
1282:
1270:
565:
301:
295:
265:
249:
241:
2927:
1475:, this candy is chewier and more resilient than gums or gelatin candies. For example,
487:
have a somewhat bread-like texture, and many earlier cakes, such as the centuries-old
7219:
7076:
6997:
6929:
6829:
6654:
6644:
6572:
6443:
6345:
6278:
6263:
6099:
6089:
6084:
5994:
5716:
5666:
5661:
5599:
5552:
5370:
5251:
5214:
5204:
5068:
4998:
4931:
4843:
4749:
4569:
4554:
4315:
4295:
3988:
3855:
3810:
3793:
3585:
3530:
3475:
3369:
3277:
3190:
3094:
2728:
2392:
1979:
1816:
1745:
1633:
1538:
1490:
1363:
904:
896:
745:
467:
237:
233:
229:
3918:
2607:
2207:
7154:
7091:
6899:
6406:
6401:
6295:
6074:
5614:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5467:
4406:
4376:
4242:
4227:
4192:
4126:
4013:
3973:
3758:
3748:
3470:
3391:
3251:
3246:
3220:
3210:
3157:
3124:
1796:
1752:, have been restricted to 1 ppm in the US. There is no specific maximum in the EU.
1725:
1629:
1306:
1216:(NACE) scheme (revision 2) matches the UN classification, under code number 10.82.
608:
415:
388:
376:
291:
245:
180:
70:
2172:
Thomas E. Furia (1973), CRC Handbook of Food
Additives, Second Edition, Volume 1,
1233:
are classified with dairy products under ISIC 1050, NACE 10.52, and NAICS 311520.
146:
2248:
2072:
1951:
1313:. Some of the categories and types of sugar confectionery include the following:
7184:
7142:
6774:
6567:
5807:
4634:
4539:
4529:
4519:
4472:
4457:
4381:
4202:
4197:
4093:
4043:
3903:
3893:
3763:
3700:
3675:
3645:
3608:
3580:
3565:
3550:
3378:
3167:
3134:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2754:
1788:
1729:
1718:
1662:
1614:
1486:
1462:
1431:
1401:
1339:
1247:
908:
757:
623:
496:
372:
368:
62:
2483:"ISIC Rev.4 code 1073: Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery"
1258:
891:
Sugar confections include sweet, sugar-based foods, which are usually eaten as
4614:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4564:
4514:
4489:
4447:
4442:
4391:
4346:
4300:
4156:
4146:
4078:
4073:
4038:
3963:
3958:
3938:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3798:
3783:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3670:
3655:
3630:
3603:
3545:
3520:
3480:
3416:
3406:
3230:
3175:
3142:
2591:
1778:
1756:
1560:
1522:
1480:
1450:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1335:
1317:
1310:
1266:, which can either be consumed as-is or used as an ingredient in other dishes.
1251:
955:
892:
718:
534:
512:
400:
392:
112:
35:
2294:
298:. In 1390, the Earl of Derby paid "two shillings for two pounds of penydes."
6975:
6396:
4574:
4427:
4386:
4356:
4332:
4252:
4212:
4171:
4136:
4131:
4103:
4068:
4023:
4008:
3978:
3865:
3773:
3690:
3685:
3620:
3595:
3570:
3449:
3061:
3000:
1678:
1637:
1621:
1532:
1519:: similar to marzipan, but made with peaches or apricots instead of almonds.
1423:
1321:
1302:
1298:
1263:
1226:
916:
912:
900:
854:
812:
642:
581:
504:
492:
257:
17:
3200:
2819:
2788:
Foods From Spain History: Bakery & Confectionery. A Taste For Sweetness
2599:
2335:"For Subway, A Ruling Not So Sweet. Irish Court Says Its Bread Isn't Bread"
1355:
1214:
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community
1206:
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
305:
166:
The oldest recorded use of the word confectionery discovered so far by the
2904:
1579:
process. This can cause amorphous candies to lose their intended texture.
133:(Australia and New Zealand) are common words for some of the most popular
7066:
4604:
4559:
4452:
4437:
4422:
4371:
4366:
4272:
4257:
4222:
4207:
4166:
4141:
4108:
4063:
3943:
3835:
3803:
3680:
3665:
3650:
3625:
3261:
3225:
3195:
3180:
2759:
2129:. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2009. Archived from
1702:
1658:
1575:
Another factor, affecting only non-crystalline amorphous candies, is the
1516:
1496:
1393:
1294:
1011:
838:
688:
676:
443:
384:
115:, and other confections that are made primarily of sugar. In some cases,
922:
Different dialects of English use regional terms for sugar confections:
208:
from hundreds of varieties. In certain parts of India, these are called
7071:
6769:
6689:
4686:
4599:
4549:
4467:
4396:
4267:
4232:
4053:
3983:
3738:
3434:
3424:
1698:
1644:
1597:
1454:
1442:
769:
657:
488:
423:
380:
314:
200:
7137:
4629:
2424:"Definition of chuddy Oxford dictionary (British & World English)"
1782:
1426:: Frozen, flavored cream, often containing small pieces of chocolate,
4351:
3913:
3490:
3215:
3185:
2163:
J.A. Hill (1902), The Anglo-American Encyclopedia, Volume 7, page 725
1768:
1717:
has been manufactured in the past for military use as a high-density
1670:
1625:
1548:
1500:
1438:
1417:
1383:
1379:
1359:
1349:
1331:
1230:
819:
661:
589:
451:
439:
431:
396:
253:
89:
51:
2842:
The Sucker's Guide: A Journey into the Soft Centre of the Sweet Shop
454:. In the Middle East and Asia, flour-based confections predominate.
1392:: Based on sugars cooked to the hard-crack stage. Examples include
768:
and, in sweeter, less traditional interpretations, can seem like a
144:
encompasses the categories of cooking performed by both the French
69:, or sweet foods. Confections are items that are rich in sugar and
7081:
6503:
3850:
3386:
3109:
2971:
2235:
Sweet treats around the world: an encyclopedia of food and culture
1586:
1427:
1375:
1369:
1352:-like delicacy popular in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines
1345:
1277:
1269:
1257:
1246:
994:
753:
500:
447:
427:
410:
300:
225:
199:
172:
121:
97:
93:
46:
45:
344:
was published by the royal confectioner Friedrich Unger in 1838.
7115:
7086:
6759:
4509:
3359:
1926:(2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: WileyâBlackwell. p. 106.
1749:
484:
435:
176:
4659:
3332:
2944:
2879:
2312:(2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: WileyâBlackwell. p. 39.
7108:
4504:
2705:, United States Department of Agriculture. 13 September 2013.
2189:
Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2004), Encyclopedia of Kitchen History,
638:
1833:
1831:
1620:
Confections are used to mark celebrations or events, such as
1412:, etc. Also included are types often mixed with nuts such as
4655:
2487:
United Nations Statistics Division, Classification Registry
2008:
2006:
1437:
Jelly candies: Including those based on sugar and starch,
1324:, considered different from a candy bar made of chocolate.
88:, includes principally sweet pastries, cakes, and similar
426:
course. Bakers' confections are sweet foods that feature
3328:
2940:
2626:. Guinness World Records. 8 September 2016. p. 90.
1755:
Candy colorants, particularly yellow colorants such as
2369:. Oxford University Press. 1 April 2015. p. 368.
1866:
1864:
1862:
519:
are cakes despite seeming to be named something else.
1613:
Both bakers' and sugar confections are used to offer
2667:"Sugar in Tourism: 'Wrapped in Devonshire Sunshine'"
2306:
International Food Information Service, ed. (2009).
1920:
International Food Information Service, ed. (2009).
284:
277:
7059:
7026:
6963:
6795:
6708:
6389:
4842:
4693:
4415:
4286:
4185:
4102:
3902:
3864:
3714:
3594:
3504:
3458:
3415:
3377:
3270:
3239:
3166:
3133:
3060:
3014:
2978:
593:elaborately decorated, or they can be plain dough.
515:, are not technically cakes, while others, such as
507:. Confusingly, some confections that have the word
27:"Sweetmeat" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
2818:
2043:
1254:is simply sugar, with optional coloring or flavor.
103:Sugar confectionery includes candies (also called
2398:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p.
2233:Roufs, Timothy G.; Roufs, Kathleen Smyth (2014).
2077:. India: Asia Pacific Business Press. p. 1.
1985:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p.
1320:: Bite-sized confectioneries generally made with
272:rheums and fevers were little, twisted sticks of
260:agriculture. Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical
96:, and thus is a subset of products produced by a
371:. The most common sweetener for home cooking is
2673:. Channel View Publications. pp. 159â172.
2124:"Agribusiness Handbook: Sugar beet white sugar"
881:Oreos are an example of a mass-produced Cookie.
387:. Hydrolysis of sucrose gives a mixture called
1665:and visitors to seaside resorts in the UK eat
1010:In the US, a chocolate-coated candy bar (e.g.
958:and occasionally for (brittle) boiled sweets.
41:Prepared foods rich in sugar and carbohydrates
4671:
3344:
2956:
1221:North American Industry Classification System
8:
1601:) in "The Great Buddha Sweet Shop" from the
54:is a traditional Swedish baker's confection.
2208:"American Heritage Dictionary Entry: candy"
1293:Sugar confectionery items include candies,
721:and similar doughnuts are fried in hot fat.
322:
4678:
4664:
4656:
3351:
3337:
3329:
2963:
2949:
2941:
2535:"Correspondences for ISIC Rev.4 code 1050"
2513:"Correspondences for ISIC Rev.4 code 1073"
2285:
2283:
1509:: A generic term for confectionery in the
1028:
92:. Baker's confectionery excludes everyday
2309:Dictionary of Food Science and Technology
2180:, page 7 (Chapter 1, by Thomas D. Luckey)
1923:Dictionary of Food Science and Technology
1503:-based confection, doughy in consistency.
458:would be treated as confectionery there.
2799:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
2671:Sugar Heritage and Tourism in Transition
2366:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
2250:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
1956:. Oxford University Press. p. 171.
1953:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
1899:. Oxford University Press. p. 213.
399:. These sweeteners include all types of
216:(à€à€Łà„à€Ą), which is the source of the word
2253:. Oxford University Press. April 2015.
1827:
824:
774:
693:
595:
521:
2862:A Treatise on the Art of Boiling Sugar
2214:from the original on 20 September 2018
1669:candy. Transportable confections like
6865:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
2878:Confectionery, International (2018).
2573:
2571:
2569:
985:are Australian slang for chewing gum.
869:Cookies can be elaborately decorated.
841:have been made since the Middle Ages.
7:
7170:
2923:at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
2785:GarcĂa Ballesteros, Enrique (2012).
2695:"Foods of Minimal Nutritional Value"
2640:from the original on 10 January 2023
2345:from the original on 17 October 2021
2277:, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers (2004)
2098:Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne (2009).
1945:
1943:
1732:, are defined in US law as foods of
1063:sugar candy, candy, rock, rock sweet
7190:
2881:International Confectionery Journal
1724:Many sugar confections, especially
679:pastries are made to celebrate the
584:are baked around a metal cylinder.
84:Bakers' confectionery, also called
2539:United Nations Statistics Division
2517:United Nations Statistics Division
2394:The Science of Sugar Confectionery
1981:The Science of Sugar Confectionery
1689:Generally, confections are low in
1160:chocolate bar, chocolate candy bar
962:are boiled sweets fixed on sticks.
626:can be filled with fruit or cream.
332:cuisine of the Late Ottoman Empire
25:
2755:"Ministers agree food colour ban"
2459:. 7 February 2000. Archived from
1002:is occasionally used, as well as
7199:
7189:
7179:
7169:
7160:
7159:
7148:
7136:
4640:
4639:
4628:
3314:
3313:
3027:List of top-selling candy brands
2926:
2915:
2903:
2709:from the original on 28 May 2015
2701:. Appendix B of 7 CFR Part 210.
1812:List of top-selling candy brands
1781:
1167:(e.g. Cadbury's Milk Chocolate)
874:
862:
846:
830:
804:
792:
780:
738:
726:
711:
699:
669:
650:
631:
615:
601:
573:
558:
542:
527:
491:(fruit cake), or the even older
135:varieties of sugar confectionery
7200:
3052:List of chocolate manufacturers
2333:Oxner, Reese (1 October 2021).
2275:Encyclopedia of Kitchen History
2102:. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
1874:. Oxford University Press. 2023
1535:, a method of candy production.
129:(UK, Ireland, and others), and
6855:Historical Indian subcontinent
1844:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1715:Specially formulated chocolate
1404:, peppermint drops and disks,
1285:are a combination of nuts and
1:
2931:The dictionary definition of
1334:-like confectionery based on
1192:chocolates, box of chocolates
857:are a German Christmas treat.
568:may be elaborately decorated.
430:as a main ingredient and are
206:Indian confectionery desserts
3047:List of chocolate bar brands
3037:List of confectionery brands
1896:The Oxford Companion to Food
1479:. It has a similar taste to
1471:: Containing extract of the
406:
355:who had worked six years in
7039:List of historical cuisines
6875:History of alcoholic drinks
4892:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
3879:KĂŒrtĆskalĂĄcs (Chimney cake)
2817:Richardson, Tim H. (2002).
2802:. Oxford University Press.
2623:Guinness World Records 2017
2046:Sugar: A Bitterweet History
1872:"Oxford English Dictionary"
1728:and the different kinds of
1382:, a paste made from ground
1309:, and other sweet items of
1083:candied fruit, glazed fruit
1018:, in Britain more likely a
837:Thin wafer cookies such as
799:Cranberry scones with icing
434:. Major categories include
347:The first confectionery in
285:
278:
7252:
6326:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
3153:List of chewing gum brands
2884:. Hand Media International
2859:Weatherley, Henry (1865).
2821:Sweets: A History of Candy
2703:Food and Nutrition Service
2197:, Routledge, pages 145â146
2015:"The Art of Confectionery"
1591:A Japanese vendor selling
1240:
1219:In the United States, the
1046:(formal, uncommon, broad)
476:List of doughnut varieties
465:
273:
33:
26:
7131:
4623:
3366:
3311:
2796:Goldstein, Darra (2015).
2592:10.1080/10408390802248833
1950:Goldstein, Darra (2015).
1734:minimal nutritional value
1378:: Confectionery based on
1175:(chocolate coated types)
954:is used specifically for
168:Oxford English Dictionary
158:and into the modern era.
6945:Scottish royal household
6890:History of vegetarianism
5128:Central African Republic
3541:Flourless chocolate cake
3445:Smoked salmon cheesecake
2295:10.1002/14356007.a07_411
2042:Elizabeth Abbot (2010).
1761:E104 Quinoline Yellow WS
537:are cooked on a griddle.
511:in their names, such as
418:are baker's confections.
375:, which is chemically a
317:was a core skill of the
34:Not to be confused with
1893:Davidson, Alan (2014).
1647:(under the guidance of
1447:Turkish delight (lokum)
1133:pudding, sweet, dessert
691:may be fried or baked.
622:Empty shells made with
6870:History of agriculture
4263:Portuguese sweet bread
3954:Coffee and walnut cake
3148:Functional chewing gum
2580:Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
2541:. 2014. Archived from
2519:. 2014. Archived from
2489:. 2014. Archived from
2430:, 2014, archived from
2428:oxforddictionaries.com
2390:Edwards, W.P. (2000).
1977:Edwards, W.P. (2000).
1765:E110 Sunset Yellow FCF
1726:caramel-coated popcorn
1643:The chocolate company
1610:
1556:Storage and shelf life
1416:, which is similar to
1290:
1275:
1267:
1255:
1058:rock candy, rock sugar
1022:than unspecifically a
936:Commonwealth countries
766:baking powder biscuits
706:Glazed raised doughnut
419:
341:Conditorei des Orients
323:
309:
221:
150:(pastry chef) and the
55:
6840:Early modern European
6568:Indigenous Australian
6127:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
5014:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
3706:Torta alla Monferrina
3576:Molten chocolate cake
3556:German chocolate cake
3303:Pies, tarts and flans
2729:"Lead in Food | EFSA"
2665:Cleave, Paul (2012).
1711:ultra-processed foods
1590:
1281:
1273:
1261:
1250:
1241:Further information:
695:Examples of doughnuts
414:
407:Bakers' confectionery
304:
203:
117:chocolate confections
49:
7003:Molecular gastronomy
6935:Pre-contact Hawaiian
6845:Historical Argentine
6731:Mangalorean Catholic
4912:Pacific Northwestern
4433:Better than sex cake
4238:Date and walnut loaf
3696:Queen Elizabeth cake
3080:Couverture chocolate
3042:List of chocolatiers
3032:List of breath mints
2912:at Wikimedia Commons
2840:Stroud, Jon (2008).
2210:. Ahdictionary.com.
2031:on 18 November 2017.
1677:may be purchased as
1338:whites with chopped
1204:The United Nations'
1030:Comparison of terms
1014:) would be called a
748:with powdered sugar
645:and a sweet filling.
553:is for celebrations.
228:. Honey was used in
6860:Historical Japanese
6695:Transylvanian Saxon
6563:Indigenous American
4162:Spanische Windtorte
3999:Lady Baltimore cake
3526:Black Forest gateau
3430:Japanese cheesecake
2986:Sugar confectionery
2136:on 5 September 2015
1802:Confectionery store
1769:asthmatic reactions
1511:Indian subcontinent
1362:and other types of
1075:boiled sweet, candy
1031:
887:Sugar confectionery
826:Examples of cookies
733:Decorated doughnuts
681:Mid-Autumn Festival
349:Manchester, England
262:Indian subcontinent
75:bakers' confections
6940:Korean royal court
6885:History of seafood
6850:Historical Chinese
6825:Antebellum America
6665:Pennsylvania Dutch
5277:Equatorial Guinean
5247:Dominican Republic
4049:Paper wrapped cake
3816:Prinzregententorte
3085:Modeling chocolate
3075:Compound chocolate
3070:Types of chocolate
2825:. Bloomsbury USA.
2763:. 12 November 2008
2733:www.efsa.europa.eu
1611:
1477:Liquorice allsorts
1396:, jawbreakers (or
1291:
1276:
1268:
1256:
1029:
950:is a derivative).
776:Examples of scones
756:and related sweet
597:Examples of pastry
420:
359:as a housekeeper.
319:early confectioner
310:
252:, followed by the
222:
140:The occupation of
56:
7213:
7212:
6955:Thirteen Colonies
6815:Ancient Israelite
6015:Papua New Guinean
4813:Intercontinental
4653:
4652:
4177:Zuger Kirschtorte
4122:Brazo de Mercedes
3969:Frankfurter Kranz
3831:Smith Island cake
3754:Devil's food cake
3661:Jewish apple cake
3536:Chocolate brownie
3402:Gooey butter cake
3326:
3325:
3115:Belgian chocolate
3100:Chocolate truffle
2908:Media related to
2851:978-1-84024-709-1
2809:978-0-19-931339-6
2457:The Straight Dope
2273:Snodgrass, M. E.
2260:978-0-19-931362-4
2100:A History of Food
2057:978-1-590-20297-5
1963:978-0-19-931339-6
1847:. Merriam-Webster
1744:Contaminants and
1603:Miyako meisho zue
1197:
1196:
1187:box of chocolates
1052:(formal, narrow)
1035:American English
915:. In some cases,
764:, are similar to
551:rainbow rice cake
363:Sweetening agents
353:Elizabeth Raffald
276:called in Arabic
125:(Canada and US),
86:flour confections
79:sugar confections
29:Sweetmeat (horse)
16:(Redirected from
7243:
7203:
7202:
7193:
7192:
7183:
7173:
7172:
7163:
7162:
7155:Drink portal
7153:
7152:
7151:
7141:
7140:
7121:Meal preparation
7034:List of cuisines
6880:History of bread
6805:Ancient Egyptian
6782:Ritual slaughter
6640:Louisiana Creole
6578:Italian American
6397:African American
5386:Greek Macedonian
4680:
4673:
4666:
4657:
4643:
4642:
4633:
4632:
4248:Flies' graveyard
4089:Upside-down cake
4084:Tres leches cake
3994:Hummingbird cake
3934:Buko pandan cake
3929:Boston cream pie
3789:Maria Luisa cake
3734:Buckwheat gateau
3353:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3317:
3316:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2930:
2919:
2907:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2836:
2824:
2813:
2792:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2699:www.fns.usda.gov
2691:
2685:
2684:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2575:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2523:on 22 July 2014.
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2463:on 30 April 2008
2449:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2024:. Archived from
2022:historicfood.com
2019:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1835:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1577:glass transition
1181:(e.g. Snickers)
1165:bar of chocolate
1038:British English
1032:
911:, and sometimes
895:. This includes
878:
866:
850:
834:
808:
796:
784:
742:
730:
715:
703:
673:
654:
635:
619:
605:
577:
562:
546:
531:
523:Examples of cake
517:Boston cream pie
480:List of pastries
379:containing both
357:domestic service
326:
288:
281:
21:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7149:
7147:
7143:Food portal
7135:
7127:
7055:
7022:
6959:
6791:
6704:
6412:Arab-Indonesian
6385:
6366:Western Saharan
5838:Liechtensteiner
5403:Guinea-Bissauan
5039:Channel Islands
4927:Southwestern US
4847:
4838:
4689:
4684:
4654:
4649:
4635:Food portal
4627:
4619:
4595:Sweetheart cake
4411:
4362:Marry girl cake
4288:
4282:
4181:
4117:Angel food cake
4106:
4098:
4094:Victoria sponge
4059:Red velvet cake
4029:Marry girl cake
3924:Battenberg cake
3905:
3898:
3860:
3846:Torta Tre Monti
3841:Torta setteveli
3769:EsterhĂĄzy torte
3710:
3636:Clementine cake
3590:
3507:
3500:
3466:Brazil nut cake
3454:
3411:
3373:
3362:
3357:
3327:
3322:
3320:Category: Candy
3307:
3266:
3257:Horehound drops
3240:Medicinal candy
3235:
3162:
3129:
3120:Swiss chocolate
3090:White chocolate
3056:
3022:List of candies
3010:
2974:
2969:
2900:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2844:. Summersdale.
2839:
2833:
2816:
2810:
2795:
2784:
2781:
2779:Further reading
2776:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2735:. 20 April 2010
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2651:Richard Cadbury
2643:
2641:
2634:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2545:on 22 July 2014
2533:
2532:
2528:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2493:on 22 July 2014
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2434:on 12 July 2012
2422:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1839:"confectionery"
1837:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1807:List of candies
1787:
1780:
1777:
1757:E102 Tartrazine
1746:coloring agents
1742:
1687:
1653:Valentine's Day
1649:Richard Cadbury
1585:
1558:
1489:: For example,
1358:: Sugar-coated
1274:Assorted fudges
1245:
1243:List of candies
1239:
1210:white chocolate
1202:
944:Scottish Gaelic
889:
882:
879:
870:
867:
858:
851:
842:
835:
815:
809:
800:
797:
788:
787:Scones with jam
785:
749:
743:
734:
731:
722:
716:
707:
704:
684:
674:
665:
655:
646:
641:is made from a
636:
627:
620:
611:
606:
585:
578:
569:
563:
554:
547:
538:
532:
482:
472:List of cookies
464:
409:
365:
336:Turkish delight
324:confectionarius
198:
189:confection nere
164:
42:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7249:
7247:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7218:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7207:
7197:
7187:
7177:
7167:
7157:
7145:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7044:Lists of foods
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6718:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6528:
6523:
6521:Greek-American
6518:
6513:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6404:
6399:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6152:Sierra Leonean
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5334:French Guianan
5331:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:Northern Irish
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4832:Middle Eastern
4829:
4824:
4822:Latin American
4819:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4610:Watergate cake
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4495:Ice cream cake
4492:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:Rosca de reyes
4330:
4328:Halloween cake
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4306:Christmas cake
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4278:Streuselkuchen
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Misérable cake
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3779:GĂąteau magique
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Chantilly cake
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Crema de fruta
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3561:Hedgehog slice
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:Ube cheesecake
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:GĂąteau nantais
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Mint chocolate
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2924:
2913:
2899:
2898:External links
2896:
2895:
2894:
2875:
2856:
2850:
2837:
2831:
2814:
2808:
2793:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2746:
2720:
2686:
2679:
2657:
2632:
2613:
2565:
2556:
2526:
2504:
2474:
2453:"Cotton Candy"
2444:
2415:
2408:
2382:
2375:
2356:
2325:
2318:
2298:
2279:
2266:
2259:
2240:
2237:. p. 343.
2225:
2199:
2195:978-1579583804
2182:
2178:978-0849305429
2165:
2156:
2147:
2115:
2108:
2090:
2083:
2063:
2056:
2034:
2002:
1995:
1969:
1962:
1939:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1885:
1858:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1776:
1773:
1741:
1738:
1707:empty calories
1703:fat-free foods
1701:. They may be
1691:micronutrients
1686:
1683:
1667:Blackpool rock
1584:
1583:Cultural roles
1581:
1570:water activity
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1491:circus peanuts
1484:
1473:liquorice root
1466:
1435:
1421:
1387:
1373:
1367:
1353:
1343:
1325:
1238:
1235:
1201:
1200:Classification
1198:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1008:
1007:
986:
963:
905:candied fruits
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
873:
871:
868:
861:
859:
852:
845:
843:
836:
829:
827:
817:
816:
810:
803:
801:
798:
791:
789:
786:
779:
777:
751:
750:
744:
737:
735:
732:
725:
723:
717:
710:
708:
705:
698:
696:
686:
685:
683:in East Asia.
675:
668:
666:
656:
649:
647:
637:
630:
628:
621:
614:
612:
607:
600:
598:
587:
586:
579:
572:
570:
566:Birthday cakes
564:
557:
555:
548:
541:
539:
533:
526:
524:
463:
460:
408:
405:
364:
361:
351:was opened by
306:Jordan almonds
266:Southeast Asia
242:Ancient Greece
197:
194:
185:gallia muscata
163:
160:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7248:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7226:Confectionery
7224:
7223:
7221:
7206:
7198:
7196:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7176:
7168:
7166:
7158:
7156:
7146:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7077:Culinary arts
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6820:Ancient Roman
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:Ancient Greek
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6726:Goan Catholic
6724:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6511:Crimean Tatar
6509:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6177:South African
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6132:Saudi Arabian
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
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6051:
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6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
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5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
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5958:
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5953:
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5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
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5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:Luxembourgish
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
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5772:
5769:
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5764:
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5751:
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5737:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
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5660:
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5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:Uttar Pradesh
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Maharashtrian
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:Chhattisgarhi
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:East Timorese
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:Midwestern US
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Mediterranean
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4646:
4638:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Punschkrapfen
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4545:Pain d'Ă©pices
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:Ispanaklı kek
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4316:Pan de Pascua
4314:
4312:
4311:Bûche de Noël
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Birthday cake
4294:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:Hot milk cake
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Princess cake
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Cremeschnitte
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
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3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3586:Torta caprese
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Blackout cake
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3496:Pain de GĂȘnes
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Chestnut cake
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3370:List of cakes
3365:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3321:
3310:
3304:
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3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
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3202:
3199:
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3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Chocolate bar
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
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3013:
3007:
3004:
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2999:
2997:
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2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2937:at Wiktionary
2936:
2935:
2934:confectionery
2929:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:Confectionery
2906:
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2897:
2883:
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2876:
2864:
2863:
2857:
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2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2832:1-58234-229-6
2828:
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2682:
2680:9781845413897
2676:
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2635:
2633:9781910561348
2629:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2586:(2): 162â92.
2585:
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2409:9780854045938
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2109:9781444305142
2105:
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2084:9788178331539
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:NPCS (2013).
2067:
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2048:
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2035:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2009:
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1996:9780854045938
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1859:
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1822:
1818:
1817:List of foods
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1800:
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1086:
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1048:
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1042:
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1021:
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1017:
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987:
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746:Apple fritter
741:
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660:is made with
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468:List of cakes
461:
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238:Ancient Egypt
235:
234:Ancient India
231:
230:Ancient China
227:
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207:
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195:
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72:
71:carbohydrates
68:
64:
60:
59:Confectionery
53:
48:
44:
37:
30:
19:
7008:Note by Note
6986:New American
6675:Pontic Greek
6556:South Indian
6551:North Indian
6222:Extremaduran
6112:Saint Lucian
5786:South Korean
5781:North Korean
5645:Palembangese
5573:Uttarakhandi
5059:Saint Helena
5049:Gibraltarian
4917:Puerto Rican
4407:Wedding cake
4377:Pop out cake
4337:
4323:Groom's cake
4243:Easter bread
4228:Chorley cake
4193:Banbury cake
4127:Chiffon cake
4014:Madeira cake
3974:French Fancy
3826:Sarawak cake
3821:Rainbow cake
3759:Doberge cake
3749:Coconut cake
3471:Castagnaccio
3392:Banana bread
3379:Butter cakes
3368:
3252:Nicotine gum
3247:Cough sweets
3211:Marshmallows
3158:Gum industry
3125:Chocolaterie
2933:
2886:. Retrieved
2880:
2867:. Retrieved
2865:. H.C. Baird
2861:
2841:
2820:
2798:
2787:
2765:. Retrieved
2758:
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2670:
2660:
2649:
2642:. Retrieved
2622:
2616:
2583:
2579:
2559:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:the original
2538:
2529:
2521:the original
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:the original
2486:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:the original
2456:
2447:
2436:, retrieved
2432:the original
2427:
2418:
2393:
2385:
2365:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2308:
2301:
2274:
2269:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2218:20 September
2216:. Retrieved
2202:
2185:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2118:
2099:
2093:
2073:
2066:
2045:
2037:
2026:the original
2021:
1980:
1972:
1952:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1849:. Retrieved
1842:
1797:Candy making
1754:
1743:
1723:
1697:but high in
1688:
1657:
1642:
1630:wedding cake
1619:
1612:
1602:
1596:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1542:
1364:sugar panned
1307:cotton candy
1292:
1225:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1111:candy, treat
1110:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1003:
999:
993:
982:
978:
974:
959:
951:
947:
939:
921:
890:
818:
758:quick breads
752:
687:
609:Choux pastry
588:
508:
497:butter cakes
483:
456:
421:
416:Petits fours
389:invert sugar
377:disaccharide
366:
346:
339:
329:
311:
292:barley sugar
283:
274:pulled sugar
270:
246:Ancient Rome
223:
217:
213:
209:
188:
181:frankencense
171:
167:
165:
151:
145:
142:confectioner
141:
139:
130:
126:
120:
116:
108:
107:, short for
104:
102:
85:
83:
78:
74:
66:
58:
57:
43:
18:Confectioner
7195:WikiProject
6775:Kosher food
6157:Singaporean
6147:Seychellois
6122:Sammarinese
6005:Palestinian
5965:New Zealand
5935:Montenegrin
5905:Mauritanian
5900:Marshallese
5712:Piedmontese
5640:Minangkabau
5610:Gorontalese
5391:Heptanesean
5307:Kapampangan
5230:Greenlandic
5106:Cameroonian
4974:Bangladeshi
4964:Azerbaijani
4922:Southern US
4907:New Mexican
4902:New English
4877:Californian
4694:Continental
4540:Ontbijtkoek
4530:Marble cake
4525:Mané pelado
4520:Louise cake
4473:Gingerbread
4463:Coffee cake
4458:Carrot cake
4382:Simnel cake
4203:Bienenstich
4198:Berlingozzo
4186:Yeast cakes
4044:Pandan cake
3764:Dobos torte
3716:Layer cakes
3701:Raisin cake
3676:Mango float
3646:Dundee cake
3631:Cherry cake
3609:Banana cake
3581:Sachertorte
3566:Joffre cake
3551:Garash cake
3417:Cheesecakes
3168:Sugar candy
3135:Chewing gum
3006:Penny candy
2996:Chewing gum
2991:Sugar candy
2979:By category
2921:Confections
2644:16 November
2467:30 November
2050:. Penguin.
2013:Day, Ivan.
1789:Food portal
1730:sugar candy
1719:food energy
1663:Sachertorte
1617:to guests.
1615:hospitality
1487:Marshmallow
1451:jelly beans
1406:candy canes
1402:lemon drops
1398:gobstoppers
1287:caramelized
1104:candy floss
1098:fairy floss
971:New Zealand
934:, and some
909:chewing gum
624:puff pastry
535:Welsh cakes
373:table sugar
369:peppermints
296:cough drops
294:and modern
156:Middle Ages
90:baked goods
67:confections
7220:Categories
7018:Vegetarian
6797:Historical
6541:Indonesian
6489:Indonesian
6459:Australian
6381:Zimbabwean
6361:Vietnamese
6356:Venezuelan
6244:Sri Lankan
6212:Cantabrian
6187:Andalusian
6137:Senegalese
6117:Salvadoran
6065:Circassian
6035:Portuguese
6020:Paraguayan
6010:Panamanian
5970:Nicaraguan
5945:Mozambican
5925:Monégasque
5878:Sarawakian
5853:Macedonian
5843:Lithuanian
5707:Neapolitan
5580:Indonesian
5538:Rajasthani
5513:Meghalayan
5488:Jharkhandi
5443:Arunachali
5398:Guatemalan
5329:La RĂ©union
5262:Ecuadorian
5237:Djiboutian
4984:Belarusian
4954:Australian
4882:Floribbean
4615:Welsh cake
4590:Sugee cake
4580:Ruske kape
4565:Petit four
4515:Lolly cake
4490:Heavy cake
4448:Cake balls
4443:Bulla cake
4392:Stack cake
4347:Kransekake
4301:Buccellato
4157:Sans rival
4147:Mango cake
4104:Foam cakes
4079:Swiss roll
4074:Spice cake
4039:Opera cake
4004:Ladyfinger
3964:Fanta cake
3959:Donauwelle
3939:Bundt cake
3889:Spettekaka
3874:Baumkuchen
3866:Spit cakes
3856:VĂnarterta
3784:Liver cake
3729:Bolo fiado
3724:Angel cake
3671:Mango cake
3656:Genoa cake
3614:BĂĄnh chuá»i
3604:Apple cake
3596:Fruitcakes
3546:Fudge cake
3521:Batik cake
3481:Falculelle
3407:Pound cake
3231:Jelly bean
3176:Hard candy
3143:Bubble gum
2349:17 October
2140:3 February
1823:References
1655:in 1868.
1561:Shelf life
1541:(British:
1523:Pastillage
1481:star anise
1441:, gum, or
1410:rock candy
1390:Hard candy
1318:Chocolates
1311:snack food
1299:candy bars
1252:Rock candy
1149:blancmange
1100:(archaic)
1070:hard candy
956:rock candy
907:and nuts,
901:chocolates
893:snack food
760:, such as
719:Oliebollen
582:spit cakes
513:cheesecake
505:foam cakes
466:See also:
401:corn syrup
393:hydrolysis
113:pastillage
109:sweetmeats
65:of making
36:Sweetbread
7097:sociology
6976:Fast food
6971:Classique
6835:Byzantine
6736:Mennonite
6721:Christian
6709:Religious
6670:Peranakan
6618:Sephardic
6603:Ethiopian
6593:Ashkenazi
6546:Malaysian
6499:Pakistani
6494:Malaysian
6469:Cambodian
6419:Aromanian
6351:Vanuatuan
6341:Uruguayan
6336:Ukrainian
6289:Zanzibari
6284:Tanzanian
6274:Taiwanese
6237:Valencian
6232:Manchegan
6167:Slovenian
6080:Mordovian
6000:Pakistani
5990:Norwegian
5930:Mongolian
5910:Mauritian
5885:Maldivian
5868:Malaysian
5761:Jordanian
5722:Sardinian
5682:Abruzzese
5650:Sundanese
5635:Minahasan
5558:Telangana
5543:Sikkimese
5493:Karnataka
5428:Icelandic
5423:Hungarian
5292:Ethiopian
5242:Dominican
5195:Congolese
5190:Colombian
5158:Hong Kong
5153:Cantonese
5121:Québécois
5101:Cambodian
5096:Burundian
5086:Burkinabé
5081:Bulgarian
5034:Anguillia
5024:Brazilian
5004:Bhutanese
4979:Barbadian
4944:Argentine
4765:Levantine
4755:Caucasian
4728:Caribbean
4575:Rice cake
4428:Beer cake
4387:Soul cake
4357:Love cake
4333:King cake
4289:occasions
4253:Gugelhupf
4218:Campanile
4213:Cacavellu
4172:Yema cake
4137:Kyiv cake
4132:Dacquoise
4069:Shortcake
4024:Mantecada
4019:Madeleine
4009:Lamington
3979:Frog cake
3949:Charlotte
3774:Flan cake
3691:Plum cake
3686:Panpepato
3621:Black bun
3571:Kladdkaka
3506:Chocolate
3486:Financier
3459:Nut cakes
3293:Doughnuts
3262:Lollipops
3062:Chocolate
3001:Chocolate
1685:Nutrition
1679:souvenirs
1638:Halloween
1622:Christmas
1533:tableting
1469:Liquorice
1424:Ice cream
1394:lollipops
1322:chocolate
1303:chocolate
1295:lollipops
1264:chocolate
1262:A bar of
1227:Ice cream
1173:candy bar
1016:candy bar
967:Australia
917:chocolate
913:ice cream
855:lebkuchen
813:rock cake
689:Doughnuts
643:pie crust
580:European
493:king cake
444:doughnuts
258:sugarcane
162:Etymology
152:confiseur
147:patissier
7236:Desserts
7185:Cookbook
7165:Category
7067:Cookbook
7049:Prepared
7013:Nouvelle
6991:Eurasian
6920:Medieval
6716:Buddhist
6650:Ossetian
6635:Livonian
6613:Moroccan
6598:Bukharan
6588:American
6526:Hazaragi
6504:Peruvian
6479:Filipino
6474:Canadian
6454:American
6424:Assyrian
6321:Tuvaluan
6306:Tunisian
6301:Togolese
6249:Sudanese
6227:Galician
6207:Canarian
6197:Balearic
6192:Asturian
6045:Romanian
6025:Peruvian
5980:Nigerian
5960:Nepalese
5950:Namibian
5940:Moroccan
5920:Moldovan
5863:Malawian
5858:Malagasy
5828:Liberian
5818:Lebanese
5754:Okinawan
5749:Japanese
5744:Jamaican
5732:Venetian
5727:Sicilian
5702:Lucanian
5692:Ligurian
5630:Makassar
5625:Madurese
5620:Javanese
5590:Balinese
5585:Acehnese
5508:Manipuri
5483:Kashmiri
5478:Haryanvi
5473:Gujarati
5448:Assamese
5418:Honduran
5381:Epirotic
5366:Ghanaian
5356:Georgian
5346:Gabonese
5324:Corsican
5302:Filipino
5287:Estonian
5282:Eritrean
5267:Egyptian
5200:Croatian
5183:Xinjiang
5168:Shandong
5163:Macanese
5111:Canadian
5076:Bruneian
5064:Scottish
5019:Botswana
5009:Bolivian
4999:Beninese
4994:Belizean
4969:Bahraini
4959:Austrian
4949:Armenian
4887:Hawaiian
4872:American
4867:Algerian
4862:Albanian
4849:regional
4844:National
4809:Oceanian
4782:European
4723:Americas
4687:Cuisines
4645:Category
4605:Tiramisu
4560:Parrozzo
4535:Nonnette
4453:Cake pop
4438:Bizcocho
4423:Basbousa
4367:Mooncake
4273:Rum baba
4258:Inuliata
4223:Canestru
4208:Breudher
4167:Ube cake
4109:meringue
4064:Rum cake
3944:Castella
3894:TrdelnĂk
3836:Spekkoek
3804:Tompouce
3681:Panforte
3666:Kornigou
3651:Fig cake
3626:Bolo-rei
3516:Amandine
3298:Pastries
3288:Desserts
3226:Licorice
3196:Marzipan
3181:Caramels
2767:30 April
2760:BBC News
2739:30 April
2713:4 August
2707:Archived
2638:Archived
2608:19980997
2600:20112158
2343:Archived
2212:Archived
1775:See also
1721:source.
1699:calories
1659:Tourists
1609:) (1787)
1607:ja:éœćæćłäŒ
1517:Persipan
1497:Marzipan
1455:gumdrops
1445:such as
1366:candies.
1328:Divinity
1283:Brittles
1237:Examples
1012:Snickers
839:pizzelle
811:A sweet
677:Mooncake
440:pastries
438:, sweet
385:fructose
286:al pÀnÀd
279:al fÀnÀd
250:Persians
7205:Outline
7175:Commons
7092:history
7072:Cooking
7060:Related
6930:Peasant
6925:Ottoman
6895:Hittite
6770:Kashrut
6753:Chinese
6748:Islamic
6660:Pashtun
6630:Kurdish
6608:Mizrahi
6536:English
6464:British
6449:Chinese
6429:Balochi
6376:Zambian
6331:Ugandan
6316:Turkmen
6311:Turkish
6259:Swedish
6217:Catalan
6182:Spanish
6142:Serbian
6107:Rwandan
6070:Cossack
6060:Chechen
6055:Bashkir
6050:Russian
5955:Nauruan
5915:Mexican
5895:Maltese
5873:Sabahan
5823:Lesotho
5813:Latvian
5798:Kuwaiti
5793:Kosovan
5739:Ivorian
5697:Lombard
5687:Apulian
5677:Italian
5672:Israeli
5657:Iranian
5563:Tripuri
5533:Punjabi
5453:Bengali
5413:Haitian
5408:Guinean
5351:Gambian
5339:Occitan
5314:Finnish
5272:Emirati
5225:Faroese
5210:Cypriot
5178:Tibetan
5173:Sichuan
5148:Beijing
5143:Chinese
5138:Chilean
5133:Chadian
5116:Acadian
5091:Burmese
5044:English
5029:British
4989:Belgian
4939:Angolan
4797:Eastern
4792:Central
4760:Central
4701:African
4600:Teacake
4585:Soufflé
4550:Pancake
4468:Cupcake
4402:Strenna
4397:Stollen
4287:Special
4268:Pandoro
4233:Cozonac
4152:Pavlova
4054:Pionono
3984:GĂ©noise
3919:BĂĄnh bĂČ
3884:Ć akotis
3799:Ć ampita
3739:Cassata
3435:Ostkaka
3425:Fiadone
3283:Cookies
3206:Praline
2888:14 July
2869:14 July
2549:18 June
2497:18 June
2438:15 July
2339:NPR.org
1851:2 March
1695:protein
1645:Cadbury
1598:wagashi
1463:gummies
1459:jujubes
1443:gelatin
1430:and/or
1418:chikkis
1414:brittle
1360:almonds
1145:custard
1140:pudding
1128:dessert
1117:(rare)
1115:, sweet
1077:(rare)
975:lollies
960:Lollies
948:suiteis
932:Ireland
928:Britain
820:Cookies
770:cupcake
762:bannock
664:pastry.
658:Baklava
549:Korean
489:stollen
452:cookies
424:dessert
381:glucose
330:In the
315:comfits
196:History
131:lollies
61:is the
6981:Fusion
6964:Styles
6950:Soviet
6915:Mughal
6910:Muisca
6700:Yup'ik
6690:Tejano
6680:Romani
6623:Syrian
6583:Jewish
6531:Indian
6516:Gagauz
6484:Indian
6439:Buryat
6434:Berber
6390:Ethnic
6371:Yemeni
6269:Syrian
6202:Basque
6172:Somali
6162:Slovak
6095:Udmurt
6040:Qatari
6030:Polish
5985:Niuean
5890:Malian
5833:Libyan
5803:Kyrgyz
5776:Korean
5771:Kenyan
5766:Kazakh
5605:Betawi
5595:Banjar
5548:Sindhi
5498:Kerala
5458:Bihari
5438:Andhra
5433:Indian
5376:Cretan
5361:German
5319:French
5297:Fijian
5220:Danish
4857:Afghan
4817:Global
4787:Balkan
4555:Parkin
4352:Lekach
3914:Bahulu
3904:Sponge
3491:Neccio
3318:
3271:Sweets
3216:Nougat
3201:Dragée
3186:Toffee
2848:
2829:
2806:
2677:
2630:
2606:
2598:
2406:
2373:
2316:
2257:
2193:
2176:
2106:
2081:
2054:
1993:
1960:
1930:
1903:
1878:27 May
1675:tablet
1671:fudges
1626:Easter
1593:sweets
1549:Toffee
1529:Tablet
1507:Mithai
1501:almond
1465:, etc.
1439:pectin
1428:fruits
1386:seeds.
1384:sesame
1380:tahini
1376:Halvah
1356:Dragée
1350:toffee
1332:nougat
1289:sugar.
1231:sorbet
1113:(rare)
983:Chuddy
940:sweets
853:Spicy
754:Scones
662:phyllo
590:Pastry
503:, and
501:tortes
478:, and
450:, and
448:scones
397:starch
254:Greeks
214:khanda
210:mithai
127:sweets
105:sweets
94:breads
52:Krokan
7231:Candy
7082:Drink
7027:Lists
6998:Haute
6905:Mayan
6830:Aztec
6743:Hindu
6655:Parsi
6645:Malay
6573:Inuit
6444:Cajun
6346:Uzbek
6279:Tajik
6264:Swiss
6254:Swazi
6100:Yamal
6090:Tatar
6085:Sakha
5995:Omani
5975:Niger
5717:Roman
5667:Irish
5662:Iraqi
5600:Batak
5553:Tamil
5371:Greek
5252:Dutch
5215:Czech
5205:Cuban
5069:Welsh
4932:Texan
4770:South
4750:Asian
4738:South
4733:North
4706:North
4478:house
4416:Other
4372:PascÄ
4142:MamĂłn
3906:cakes
3851:Torte
3508:cakes
3387:Babka
3360:Cakes
3278:Cakes
3221:Mints
3191:Taffy
3110:Fudge
3015:Lists
2972:Candy
2604:S2CID
2134:(PDF)
2127:(PDF)
2029:(PDF)
2018:(PDF)
1740:Risks
1636:, or
1543:chews
1539:Taffy
1499:: An
1370:Fudge
1346:Dodol
1153:jelly
1121:sweet
1024:sweet
1004:treat
1000:Sweet
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952:Candy
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462:Types
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428:flour
226:honey
218:candy
204:Some
177:muske
173:Ambre
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98:baker
50:This
7116:Meal
7104:Diet
7087:Food
6900:Inca
6787:Sikh
6765:Jain
6760:Ital
6685:SĂĄmi
6407:Arab
6402:Ainu
6296:Thai
6075:Komi
5615:Indo
5528:Odia
5523:Naga
5518:Mizo
5468:Goan
4802:list
4775:list
4743:list
4716:list
4711:West
4510:Kuih
4107:and
2890:2018
2871:2008
2846:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2804:ISBN
2769:2024
2741:2024
2715:2017
2675:ISBN
2646:2021
2628:ISBN
2596:PMID
2551:2014
2499:2014
2469:2011
2440:2014
2404:ISBN
2371:ISBN
2351:2021
2314:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2220:2018
2191:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2142:2018
2104:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2052:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1880:2024
1853:2021
1763:and
1750:lead
1709:and
1693:and
1673:and
1628:, a
1432:nuts
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1340:nuts
1330:: A
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509:cake
383:and
264:and
244:and
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4505:Kue
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639:Pie
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