617:
135:
4407:
437:, with Conodontophorida as a subordinate order for "true conodonts". All three ranks were attributed to Eichenberg, and Paraconodontida was also included as an order under Conodonta. This approach was criticized by FĂĄhraeus (1983), who argued that it overlooked Pander's historical relevance as a founder and primary figure in conodontology. FĂĄhraeus proposed to retain Conodonta as a phylum (attributed to Pander), with the single class Conodontata (Pander) and the single order Conodontophorida (Eichenberg). Subsequent authors continued to regard Conodonta as a phylum with an ever-increasing number of subgroups.
632:
538:
4437:
644:
4448:
397:, Conodontes (a Greek translation), which Huddle (1934) altered to the Latin spelling Conodonta. A few years earlier, Eichenberg (1930) established another name for the animals responsible for conodont fossils: Conodontophorida ("conodont bearers"). A few other scientific names were rarely and inconsistently applied to conodonts and their proposed close relatives during 20th century, such as Conodontophoridia, Conodontophora, Conodontochordata, Conodontiformes, and Conodontomorpha.
2135:
521:
153:
4432:
4414:
4442:
583:
4426:
807:
9571:
600:
9561:
4420:
9581:
344:. They are primarily known from their hard, mineralised tooth-like structures called "conodont elements" that in life were present in the oral cavity and used to process food. Rare soft tissue remains suggest that they had elongate eel-like bodies with large eyes. Conodonts were a long-lasting group with over 300 million years of existence from the
1252:
820:
The "teeth" of some conodonts have been interpreted as filter-feeding apparatuses, filtering plankton from the water and passing it down the throat. Others have been interpreted as a "grasping and crushing array". Wear on some conodont elements suggests that they functioned like teeth, with both wear
570:
is composed of an axial Sa element at the front, flanked by two groups of four close-set elongate Sb and Sc elements which were inclined obliquely inwards and forwards. Above these elements lay a pair of arched and inward pointing (makellate) M elements. Behind the S-M array lay transversely oriented
470:
For many years, conodonts were known only from enigmatic tooth-like microfossils (200 micrometers to 5 millimeters in length), which occur commonly, but not always, in isolation and were not associated with any other fossil. Until the early 1980s, conodont teeth had not been found in association with
1398:
Diversity continued to decline during the Middle and Late
Triassic, culminating in their extinction soon after the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Much of their diversity during the Paleozoic was likely controlled by sea levels and temperature, with the major declines during the Late Ordovician and Late
1382:
The earliest fossils of conodonts are known from the
Cambrian period. Conodonts extensively diversified during the early Ordovician, reaching their apex of diversity during the middle part of the period, and experienced a sharp decline during the late Ordovician and Silurian, before reaching another
466:
The element array constituted a feeding apparatus that is radically different from the jaws of modern animals. They are now termed "conodont elements" to avoid confusion. The three forms of teeth, i.e., coniform cones, ramiform bars, and pectiniform platforms, probably performed different functions.
969:
Individual conodont elements are difficult to classify in a consistent manner, but an increasing number of conodont species are now known from multi-element assemblages, which offer more data to infer how different conodont lineages are related to each other. The following is a simplified cladogram
1266:
Figures 1, 2. Conodonts from the Deer Valley Member of the Mauch Chunk
Formation, Keystone quarry, Pa. This collection (93RS–79c) is from the lower 10 cm of the Deer Valley Member. Note the nonabraded, although slightly broken, conodont elements of the high-energy oolitic marine facies of the Deer
375:
It was only in the early 1980s that the first fossil evidence of the rest of the animal was found (see below). In the 1990s exquisite fossils were found in South Africa in which the soft tissue had been converted to clay, preserving even muscle fibres. The presence of muscles for rotating the eyes
440:
With increasingly strong evidence that conodonts lie within the phylum
Chordata, more recent studies generally refer to "true conodonts" as the class Conodonta, containing multiple smaller orders. Paraconodonts are typically excluded from the group, though still regarded as close relatives. In
616:
1285:
3–9. Conodonts from the uppermost
Loyalhanna Limestone Member of the Mauch Chunk Formation, Keystone quarry, Pa. This collection (93RS–79b) is from the upper 10 cm of the Loyalhanna Member. Note the highly abraded and reworked aeolian forms.
384:
Through their history of study, "conodont" is a term which has been applied to both the individual fossils and to the animals to which they belonged. The original German term used by Pander was "conodonten", which was subsequently
660:
Although conodont elements are abundant in the fossil record, fossils preserving soft tissues of conodont animals are known from only a few deposits in the world. One of the first possible body fossils of a conodont were those of
537:
1333:
10–14. Conodonts from the basal 20 cm of the
Loyalhanna Limestone Member of the Mauch Chunk Formation, Keystone quarry, Pa. (93RS–79a), and Westernport, Md. (93RS–67), note the highly abraded and reworked aeolian forms
3710:
Miyashita, Tetsuto; Coates, Michael I.; Farrar, Robert; Larson, Peter; Manning, Phillip L.; Wogelius, Roy A.; Edwards, Nicholas P.; Anné, Jennifer; Bergmann, Uwe; Palmer, A. Richard; Currie, Philip J. (2019-02-05).
2437:
458:
has been puzzling for more than a century. It has been hypothesized that the first mechanism of chordate tissue mineralization began either in the oral skeleton of conodonts or the dermal skeleton of early
2816:
Bergström, S. M.; Carnes, J. B.; Ethington, R. L.; Votaw, R. B.; Wigley, P. B. (1974). "Appalachignathus, a New
Multielement Conodont Genus from the Middle Ordovician of North America".
837:
at least) were efficient cruisers, but incapable of bursts of speed. Based on isotopic evidence, some
Devonian conodonts have been proposed to have been low-level consumers that fed on
631:
134:
4152:
2560:
3640:
Turner, S., Burrow, C.J., Schultze, H.P., Blieck, A., Reif, W.E., Rexroad, C.B., Bultynck, P., Nowlan, G.S.; Burrow; Schultze; Blieck; Reif; Rexroad; Bultynck; Nowlan (2010).
643:
862:/Ca ratios of a population of conodonts from a carbonate platform from the Silurian of Sweden found that the different conodont species and genera likely occupied different
1243:. One of the broadest studies of this nature was the analysis of Donoghue et al. (2008), which focused on "complex" conodonts (Prioniodontida and other descendant groups):
555:
The conodont apparatus may comprise a number of discrete elements, including the spathognathiform, ozarkodiniform, trichonodelliform, neoprioniodiform, and other forms.
493:, a proxy for thermal alteration in the host rock, because under higher temperatures, the phosphate undergoes predictable and permanent color changes, measured with the
3696:
9671:
4989:
2148:
3296:"Natural assemblages of the conodont Clarkina in lowermost Triassic deep-sea black claystone from northeastern Japan, with probable soft-tissue impressions"
4261:
3641:
1395:. Only a handful of conodont genera were present during the Permian, though diversity increased after the P-T extinction during the Early Triassic.
4406:
3249:"Eramosa Lagerstätte—Exceptionally preserved soft-bodied biotas with shallow-marine shelly and bioturbating organisms (Silurian, Ontario, Canada)"
520:
3204:
Gabbott, S.E.; R. J. Aldridge; J. N. Theron (1995). "A giant conodont with preserved muscle tissue from the Upper
Ordovician of South Africa".
745:. There are other examples of conodont animals that only preserve the head region, including eyes, of the animals known from the Silurian aged
475:. This is because the conodont animal was soft-bodied, thus everything but the teeth was unsuited for preservation under normal circumstances.
2939:
400:
Conodonta and
Conodontophorida are by far the most common scientific names used to refer to conodonts, though inconsistencies regarding their
3598:
3360:
2765:
2449:
2368:
425:
9730:
4994:
5072:
816:– a conodont from the Upper Frasnian of Poland – photography taken in the Geological Museum of the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw
9735:
850:
has been published. Among other things, it demonstrates that at least this taxon had short lifespans lasting around a month. A study
404:
still persist. Bengtson (1976)'s research on conodont evolution identified three morphological tiers of early conodont-like fossils:
4068:
2376:
3713:"Hagfish from the Cretaceous Tethys Sea and a reconciliation of the morphological–molecular conflict in early vertebrate phylogeny"
4436:
582:
412:, and "true conodonts" (euconodonts). Further investigations revealed that protoconodonts were probably more closely related to
4254:
2972:
Barnes, Christopher R. (1967). "A Questionable Natural Conodont Assemblage from Middle Ordovician Limestone, Ottawa, Canada".
3942:
945:, because they lack the main characteristics of these groups. More recently it has been proposed that conodonts may be stem-
416:(arrow worms) rather than true conodonts. On the other hand, paraconodonts are still considered a likely ancestral stock or
4999:
3780:"The middle–late Tournaisian crisis in conodont diversity: a comparison between Northeast Laurussia and Northeast Siberia"
5006:
9740:
454:
Conodont elements consist of mineralised teeth-like structures of varying morphology and complexity. The evolution of
386:
352:(around 200 million years ago). Conodont elements are highly distinctive to particular species and are widely used in
3824:
Shi, Yukun; Wang, Xiangdong; Fan, Junxuan; Huang, Hao; Xu, Huiqing; Zhao, Yingying; Shen, Shuzhong (September 2021).
599:
4447:
4286:
4247:
2781:
Quinton, Page C. (2016). "Effects of extraction protocols on the oxygen isotope composition of conodont elements".
918:
than either of these groups. However, this analysis comes with one caveat: the earliest conodont-like fossils, the
558:
In the 1930s, the concept of conodont assemblages was described by Hermann Schmidt and by Harold W. Scott in 1934.
152:
4441:
4974:
2168:
494:
3478:Świś, Przemysław (2019). "Population dynamics of the Late Devonian conodont Alternognathus calibrated in days".
3401:
4984:
3431:"Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios support trophic partitioning within a Silurian conodont community from Gotland, Sweden"
2163:
970:
based on Sweet and Donoghue (2001), which summarized previous work by Sweet (1988) and Donoghue et al. (2000):
486:
369:
4132:
2829:
2548:
2371:. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas. pp. 111–180.
2255:
9702:
4431:
4413:
4113:
2529:
2320:"The structure of some Middle Cambrian conodonts, and the early evolution of conodont structure and function"
9564:
5065:
5032:
4425:
4102:
The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum.
2438:"The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum"
2158:
1392:
3429:
Terrill, David F.; Jarochowska, Emilia; Henderson, Charles M.; Shirley, Bryan; Bremer, Oskar (2022-04-08).
9601:
7941:
6155:
3779:
3152:"Panderodus from the Waukesha Lagerstätte of Wisconsin, USA: a primitive macrophagous vertebrate predator"
1587:
441:
practice, Conodonta, Conodontophorida, and Euconodonta are equivalent terms and are used interchangeably.
365:
212:
6914:
5973:
5837:
3891:"Global climate changes account for the main trends of conodont diversity but not for their final demise"
3826:"Carboniferous-earliest Permian marine biodiversification event (CPBE) during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age"
3672:
2670:
Trotter, Julie A. (2006). "Chemical systematics of conodont apatite determined by laser ablation ICPMS".
1570:
1546:
1055:
245:
9684:
9474:
9411:
8561:
8037:
7893:
7445:
7235:
6876:
6353:
5962:
3690:
1980:
1792:
1716:
1604:
1256:
1240:
822:
498:
390:
9584:
9058:
8922:
8683:
7950:
7902:
7354:
7244:
7134:
6892:
6335:
6011:
5575:
5379:
1989:
1507:
9079:
8849:
8711:
8633:
8399:
8385:
8196:
8014:
7266:
6907:
6834:
6731:
6567:
6393:
6325:
6201:
5919:
5393:
4023:
Donoghue, P. C. J.; Forey, P. L.; Aldridge, R. J. (2000). "Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny".
3825:
3295:
2705:
Jeppsson, Lennart; Anehus, Rikard (1995). "A Buffered Formic Acid Technique for Conodont Extraction".
2394:"A critical look at the Treatise family-group classification of Conodonta: an exercise in eclecticism"
1998:
1940:
1661:
1652:
1595:
1423:
Conodonta taxonomy based on Sweet (1988), Sweet & Donoghue (2001), and Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.
833:(swimming above the sediment surface) niches. The preserved musculature suggests that some conodonts (
758:
9658:
9460:
9100:
9067:
8968:
8898:
8877:
8626:
8273:
8169:
8058:
8044:
7978:
7853:
7743:
7722:
7537:
7518:
7347:
7289:
7169:
7125:
6885:
6844:
6595:
6250:
6243:
6056:
5846:
5661:
5608:
5568:
5027:
4979:
4666:
3902:
3837:
3724:
3551:
3389:
3307:
3260:
3213:
3065:
3012:
2790:
2679:
2024:
2007:
1913:
1756:
1748:
1634:
1579:
1554:
1471:
691:. As of 2023, there are only three described species of conodonts that have preserved trunk fossils:
668:
9507:
9439:
9397:
9284:
8870:
8591:
8577:
8440:
8343:
8336:
8252:
7882:
7832:
7812:
7798:
7777:
7761:
7692:
7525:
7497:
7452:
7155:
7043:
6823:
6755:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6526:
6342:
6258:
6136:
6129:
6115:
6051:
6004:
5896:
5738:
5682:
5294:
5188:
4076:
2063:
1844:
1835:
1697:
1562:
1358:, Pa element, upper view, reworked Late Devonian(?) through Mississippian morphotype, 93RS–67, X140
930:. Protoconodonts are probably not relatives of true conodonts, but likely represent a stem group to
250:
9523:
9481:
9467:
9404:
9383:
9376:
9327:
9293:
8913:
8773:
8732:
8718:
8612:
8542:
8486:
8364:
8111:
8099:
8092:
7971:
7957:
7930:
7916:
7839:
7658:
7649:
7623:
7595:
7488:
7389:
7368:
7333:
7251:
7201:
7180:
7075:
7034:
6983:
6946:
6900:
6865:
6800:
6720:
6460:
6279:
6087:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5411:
5286:
5272:
2951:
2358:
2140:
2031:
1967:
1949:
1931:
1904:
1816:
1808:
1764:
1732:
1724:
1688:
1679:
1412:
1343:, Pa element, upper view, reworked Late Devonian to Early Mississippian morphotype, 93RS–79a, X140
455:
334:
9537:
9446:
9425:
9362:
9272:
8957:
8943:
8808:
8787:
8752:
8662:
8549:
8406:
8308:
8148:
8141:
7846:
7750:
7729:
7701:
7681:
7609:
7588:
7565:
7400:
7326:
7319:
7084:
6990:
6969:
6955:
6809:
6782:
6766:
6644:
6637:
6533:
6386:
6286:
6272:
6236:
6222:
6208:
6143:
6122:
6108:
6094:
5905:
5876:
5869:
5760:
5597:
5544:
5400:
5386:
5315:
5301:
5279:
5265:
5152:
2319:
1922:
1772:
1524:
1463:
1349:, Pa element, upper view, reworked Late Devonian to Early Mississippian morphotype, 93RS–67, X140
1070:
812:
675:. This possible identification was based on the presence of conodont elements with the fossils of
482:(a phosphatic mineral). The conodont elements can be extracted from rock using adequate solvents.
9725:
9574:
9453:
9369:
8863:
8842:
8815:
8780:
8766:
8690:
8598:
8584:
8570:
8495:
8451:
8426:
8392:
8350:
8245:
8160:
8030:
8023:
7823:
7784:
7770:
7715:
7616:
7553:
7382:
7361:
7340:
7312:
7305:
7210:
7141:
7011:
6925:
6858:
6741:
6602:
6511:
6494:
6372:
6314:
6040:
6033:
5884:
5560:
5532:
5365:
5358:
5250:
5058:
4715:
4563:
4144:
4048:
3920:
3799:
3664:
3491:
3460:
3331:
3229:
3179:
2981:
2920:
2876:
2841:
2833:
2730:
2722:
2552:
2503:
2297:
2207:
2085:
1958:
1670:
1625:
896:
702:
590:
287:
271:
147:
9432:
9390:
9348:
9341:
9320:
9217:
9109:
8835:
8605:
8378:
8329:
8134:
8120:
8051:
7923:
7867:
7860:
7674:
7637:
7630:
7224:
7217:
7190:
7162:
7114:
7050:
7004:
6976:
6851:
6775:
6616:
6482:
6475:
6293:
6265:
6229:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6164:
6080:
5996:
5989:
5947:
5862:
5825:
5809:
5793:
5703:
5626:
5618:
5507:
5258:
5219:
5211:
5181:
5159:
3049:
1454:
9689:
9530:
9300:
8977:
8794:
8619:
8371:
8203:
8127:
7875:
7708:
7574:
7410:
7298:
7258:
7092:
6748:
6379:
6215:
6018:
5954:
5912:
5801:
5780:
5752:
5553:
5524:
5372:
5344:
5308:
5173:
1537:
1034:
9495:
9488:
9209:
9005:
8704:
8224:
8210:
7964:
7148:
6997:
6935:
6547:
6540:
6066:
6026:
5730:
5590:
5583:
4889:
4837:
4794:
4788:
4751:
4739:
4709:
4364:
4270:
4136:
4064:
4040:
4011:
3760:
3742:
3594:
3567:
3452:
3356:
3323:
3276:
3171:
3127:
2761:
2603:
2495:
2445:
2413:
2372:
2339:
2153:
1408:
1404:
777:
679:. This claim was disproved, however, as the conodont elements were actually in the creature's
9355:
8856:
8759:
7909:
7736:
7602:
7581:
7418:
6789:
6623:
5817:
5517:
5196:
2582:
Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Purnell, Mark A.; Aldridge, Richard J.; Zhang, Shunxin (2008-01-01).
429:
volume on the conodonts (Part W revised, supplement 2) lists Conodonta as the name of both a
9258:
8891:
7438:
7429:
5721:
5444:
5420:
5130:
5022:
4933:
4916:
4630:
4545:
4172:
4128:
4032:
4003:
3982:
3910:
3845:
3791:
3750:
3732:
3656:
3559:
3522:
3483:
3442:
3397:
3315:
3268:
3221:
3163:
3117:
3107:
3073:
3028:
3020:
2868:
2825:
2798:
2753:
2714:
2687:
2652:
2595:
2544:
2487:
2405:
2331:
2289:
2199:
1740:
1499:
889:
528:
490:
9676:
4419:
3247:
von Bitter, Peter H.; Purnell, Mark A.; Tetreault, Denis K.; Stott, Christopher A. (2007).
3001:"Architecture and functional morphology of the skeletal apparatus of ozarkodinid conodonts"
2475:
2362:
794:
is estimated to reach 40 cm (16 in) in length, if it had the same proportions as
9145:
9030:
8998:
8357:
8287:
8076:
7064:
6697:
5979:
5673:
5237:
4902:
4865:
4745:
4696:
4517:
4319:
4105:
3615:
3378:"Feeding mechanisms in conodonts and the function of the earliest vertebrate hard tissues"
2247:
2109:
2069:
1869:
1800:
1643:
1516:
1491:
987:
923:
479:
434:
409:
394:
353:
338:
52:
9639:
1322:, Pa element, upper view, reworked Late Devonian to Early Mississippian morphotype, X140
4195:
3906:
3841:
3728:
3555:
3393:
3311:
3264:
3217:
3151:
3096:"A possible home for a bizarre Carboniferous animal: Is Typhloesus a pelagic gastropod?"
3069:
3054:(Melton and Scott, 1973), a bizarre metazoan from the Carboniferous of Montana, U. S. A"
3016:
2794:
2683:
2393:
9311:
9265:
9179:
9088:
8950:
8743:
8653:
8533:
8515:
8474:
8417:
8280:
8259:
8085:
7504:
7100:
7057:
6665:
6574:
6450:
6437:
6408:
6307:
5641:
4877:
4855:
4800:
4782:
4733:
4725:
4702:
4660:
4636:
4381:
4176:
4036:
3755:
3712:
3122:
3095:
3033:
3000:
2656:
2491:
2409:
2335:
2101:
2093:
2077:
2055:
1861:
1853:
1616:
1483:
1383:
peak of diversity during the mid-late Devonian. Conodont diversity declined during the
1107:
1092:
1021:
910:
envision them as vertebrates similar in appearance to modern hagfish and lampreys, and
846:
738:
472:
401:
311:
233:
56:
4207:
2622:
806:
9719:
9168:
9154:
9133:
9046:
8826:
8725:
8644:
8506:
8467:
8315:
8266:
8231:
8180:
7993:
7546:
7277:
6706:
6581:
6558:
5710:
5654:
5335:
5326:
5226:
4826:
4673:
4648:
4597:
4510:
4392:
4372:
4007:
3970:
3924:
3803:
3464:
3377:
3335:
3183:
2880:
2734:
2643:
Briggs, D. E. G.; Clarkson, E. N. K.; Aldridge, R. J. (1983). "The conodont animal".
2251:
2226:
2211:
2047:
2039:
2016:
1885:
1827:
1784:
1400:
1384:
1152:
1130:
958:
919:
863:
698:
545:
405:
255:
92:
4196:"An oblique anterior view of a model of the apparatus of the Pennsylvanian conodont
4148:
4052:
3915:
3890:
3849:
3668:
3542:
Briggs, D. (May 1992). "Conodonts: a major extinct group added to the vertebrates".
3495:
2845:
2583:
2556:
2507:
9251:
9228:
9195:
9188:
9161:
9019:
8801:
8697:
8676:
8669:
8322:
8189:
8065:
7791:
7476:
7022:
6172:
5696:
4938:
4817:
4757:
4642:
4575:
4470:
4191:
3233:
2911:
Scott, Harold W. (1942). "Conodont Assemblages from the Heath Formation, Montana".
1896:
1877:
1371:
1362:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1278:
1271:
1167:
931:
915:
911:
830:
826:
724:
692:
567:
417:
413:
260:
3487:
2802:
2691:
1235:
Only a few studies approach the question of conodont ingroup relationships from a
3795:
3350:
3319:
3058:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
2757:
9633:
9202:
9039:
8936:
8884:
8002:
6962:
6609:
6588:
6073:
5745:
5497:
5450:
5141:
4925:
4911:
4847:
4776:
4581:
4536:
4483:
4328:
1445:
1388:
1338:
1317:
838:
543:
Preserved articulated association of conodont elements belonging to the species
67:
9516:
9334:
8991:
8522:
8238:
7375:
6713:
6651:
6630:
6101:
5855:
5689:
5351:
5204:
5166:
5137:
5105:
4943:
4842:
4687:
4624:
4569:
4551:
4350:
4341:
2718:
2599:
2130:
1236:
946:
938:
875:
have been speculated to be venomous, based on grooves found on some elements.
871:
825:
with other elements. Studies have concluded that conodonts taxa occupied both
728:
720:
716:
688:
663:
651:
607:
393:
name was provided for several decades. MacFarlane (1923) described them as an
194:
112:
77:
60:
9624:
4140:
3746:
3456:
3327:
3280:
3175:
2607:
2417:
2343:
9237:
9012:
8929:
8460:
8294:
7805:
7511:
6658:
6518:
6365:
6300:
5488:
5476:
5439:
4897:
4654:
4618:
4609:
4523:
3737:
3586:
3563:
2859:
Schmidt, Hermann (1934). "Conodonten-Funde in ursprĂĽnglichem Zusammenhang".
1436:
1353:
1326:
1017:
907:
900:
851:
790:
773:
742:
710:
680:
637:
A size comparison of the three conodont species with preserved body fossils.
571:
and bilaterally opposed (pectiniform, i.e. comb-shaped) Pb and Pa elements.
460:
164:
117:
9650:
4044:
4015:
3986:
3764:
3131:
3112:
3077:
3024:
2499:
3973:; Clarkson, E. N. K.; Clark, N. D. L. (1993). "The anatomy of conodonts".
3571:
3527:
3510:
768:
According to these fossils, conodonts had large eyes, fins with fin rays,
9618:
9244:
8433:
8217:
7667:
7107:
6816:
6468:
5099:
4860:
4805:
4762:
4557:
4356:
4334:
4296:
1707:
942:
892:
754:
734:
706:
684:
506:
502:
349:
345:
184:
107:
102:
87:
82:
72:
35:
17:
9697:
9418:
8301:
4948:
4488:
4478:
4460:
4163:
Lindström, Maurits (1970). "A suprageneric taxonomy of the conodonts".
3870:
Sepkoski, J. J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera".
3642:"False teeth: conodont-vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited"
3447:
3430:
3294:
Takahashi, Satoshi; Yamakita, Satoshi; Suzuki, Noritoshi (2019-06-15).
3248:
2985:
2940:"Late Mississippian conodonts from the Bird Spring Formation in Nevada"
2924:
2898:
2872:
2837:
2748:
Green, Owen R. (2001). "Extraction Techniques for Phosphatic Fossils".
2726:
2301:
2277:
2203:
954:
950:
855:
769:
750:
746:
672:
330:
122:
97:
31:
3994:
Aldridge, R. J.; Purnell, M. A. (1996). "The conodont controversies".
3660:
3272:
3167:
3005:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2750:
A Manual of Practical Laboratory and Field Techniques in Palaeobiology
1251:
6504:
5093:
4311:
3225:
859:
430:
174:
9595:
4239:
3938:
3150:
Murdock, Duncan J. E.; Smith, M. Paul (2021). Sansom, Robert (ed.).
2293:
3975:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B
1391:
and a prolonged period of significant loss of diversity during the
8984:
4767:
805:
762:
326:
9663:
2893:
Harold W. Scott, "The Zoological Relationships of the Conodonts.
376:
showed definitively that the animals were primitive vertebrates.
4281:
3511:"The Earliest Known Venomous Animals Recognized Among Conodonts"
364:
The teeth-like fossils of the conodont were first discovered by
318:
9599:
9131:
7474:
6435:
5474:
5118:
5054:
4243:
3778:
Zhuravlev, Andrey V.; Plotitsyn, Artem N. (18 January 2022).
2190:
Eichenberg, W. (1930). "Conodonten aus dem Culm des Harzes".
5050:
3480:
Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology
2584:"The interrelationships of 'complex' conodonts (Vertebrata)"
1411:
area. However, their final demise is more likely related to
4226:
4095:
The Great Fossil Enigma: The Search for the Conodont Animal
3616:"New evidence for the protoconodont origin of chaetognaths"
3402:
10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0375:FMICAT>2.3.CO;2
655:, at one time considered the first conodont body fossil.
2278:"Phylum Conodonta Pander, 1856 and Nomenclatural Priority"
937:
Moreover, some analyses do not regard conodonts as either
4208:"'The Jaws That Catch': an Introduction to the Conodonta"
4133:
10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<1174:CPPF>2.0.CO;2
3593:. Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing. p. 88.
2830:
10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<1174:CPPF>2.0.CO;2
2549:
10.1666/0022-3360(2001)075<1174:CPPF>2.0.CO;2
788:
had lengths only reaching 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in),
356:
as indicative of particular periods of geological time.
3352:
Cambrian Ocean World: Ancient Sea Life of North America
2474:
Donoghue, P.C.J.; Forey, P.L.; Aldridge, R.J. (2000).
3089:
3087:
1399:
Carboniferous due to cooler temperatures, especially
1255:
Conodont elements from the Deer Valley Member of the
888:
As of 2012, scientists classify the conodonts in the
348:(over 500 million years ago) to the beginning of the
4930:
4885:
4852:
4834:
4684:
4606:
4533:
4500:
4388:
4377:
4368:
4361:
4346:
4324:
4307:
2225:
Sweet, Walter C.; Cooper, Barry J. (December 2008).
1387:, with an extinction event at the end of the middle
1000:
294:
280:
9608:
9505:
9310:
9282:
9227:
9178:
9144:
9098:
9077:
9056:
9029:
8967:
8912:
8825:
8742:
8652:
8643:
8559:
8532:
8505:
8484:
8450:
8416:
8179:
8158:
8109:
8075:
8012:
7992:
7940:
7892:
7822:
7760:
7691:
7657:
7647:
7563:
7535:
7487:
7428:
7399:
7288:
7276:
7234:
7200:
7179:
7124:
7074:
7033:
7021:
6945:
6924:
6875:
6833:
6799:
6765:
6730:
6696:
6557:
6493:
6448:
6407:
6352:
6324:
6154:
6050:
5972:
5895:
5845:
5836:
5779:
5720:
5672:
5640:
5607:
5543:
5506:
5496:
5487:
5438:
5410:
5334:
5325:
5236:
5129:
5015:
4967:
4876:
4825:
4816:
4724:
4683:
4605:
4596:
4532:
4499:
4469:
4459:
4295:
3889:Ginot, Samuel; Goudemand, Nicolas (December 2020).
1304:, alpha morphotype, Pa element, lateral view, X140
1283:, gamma morphotype, Pa element, lateral view, X140
4059:Gould, Stephen Jay (1985). "Reducing Riddles". In
3094:Conway Morris, Simon; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022).
3300:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2185:
2183:
1259:in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia, US
934:, an unrelated phylum that includes arrow worms.
922:, appear to form a distinct clade from the later
2577:
2575:
2573:
683:area. That animal is now regarded as a possible
4063:, 245-260. New York, W.W. Norton and Company.
3717:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3145:
3143:
3141:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2313:
2311:
2271:
2269:
2227:"C.H. Pander's introduction to conodonts, 1856"
1648:Bassler, 1925 emend. Ulrich & Bassler, 1926
501:where they are known, in rocks dating from the
3355:. Indiana University Press. pp. 300–301.
2361:. In Moore, Raymond C.; Robison, R.A. (eds.).
1415:, perhaps competition with new Mesozoic taxa.
5066:
4255:
2897:, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Dec., 1934), pages 448-455 (
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
8:
3695:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2431:
2429:
2427:
2364:Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement 2: Conodonta
2149:Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
2442:Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics
821:marks likely created by food as well as by
9596:
9560:
9141:
9128:
8649:
7654:
7484:
7471:
6445:
6432:
5842:
5785:
5646:
5503:
5493:
5484:
5471:
5331:
5242:
5126:
5115:
5073:
5059:
5051:
4822:
4602:
4466:
4262:
4248:
4240:
4097:(Indiana University Press; 2012) 440 pages
2476:"Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny"
1367:, M element, lateral views, 93RS–67, X140
895:on the basis of their fins with fin rays,
772:and axial line, which were interpreted as
133:
42:
27:Extinct agnathan chordates resembling eels
4112:Sweet, W. C.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2001).
3914:
3754:
3736:
3526:
3446:
3121:
3111:
3032:
2528:Sweet, W. C.; Donoghue, P. C. J. (2001).
1376:, Pa element, lateral view, 93RS–67, X140
2999:Purnell, M. A.; Donoghue, P. C. (1997).
1250:
360:Discovery and understanding of conodonts
2179:
578:
516:
3688:
1945:Bardashev, Weddige & Ziegler, 2002
1276:, Sa element, posterior view, X140 2.
844:A study on the population dynamics of
4114:"Conodonts: past, present and future"
2369:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
667:, an enigmatic animal known from the
526:Complete element set of the conodont
489:. Conodont elements are also used as
426:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
7:
9703:32A17EFD-164F-401D-8813-80A784E6A79E
9580:
3509:Szaniawski, Hubert (December 2009).
2359:"Chapter 3: Systematic Descriptions"
3969:Aldridge, R. J.; Briggs, D. E. G.;
3048:Conway Morris, Simon (1990-04-12).
2588:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1145:
1123:
1099:
1048:
1041:
1010:
980:
973:
471:fossils of the host organism, in a
4177:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1970.tb00834.x
4037:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00045.x
3872:Bulletins of American Paleontology
2657:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb01993.x
2530:"Conodonts: Past, Present, Future"
2492:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00045.x
2410:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1984.tb00675.x
2336:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1976.tb00966.x
1467:Khodalevich & Tschernich, 1973
1295:, Sa element, lateral views, X140
25:
3376:Purnell, Mark A. (1 April 1993).
1744:Lindström, 1970 sensu Sweet, 1988
1313:, Pa element, lateral view, X140
389:as "conodonts", though no formal
9579:
9570:
9569:
9559:
4446:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4405:
4158:from the original on 2022-10-30.
2566:from the original on 2022-10-30.
2133:
2089:Harris & Hollingsworth, 1933
2003:Shen, Yuan & Henderson, 2015
914:analysis suggests they are more
642:
630:
615:
598:
581:
536:
519:
497:. This has made them useful for
151:
3996:Trends in Ecology and Evolution
3916:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103325
3850:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103699
1331:, Pa element, upper view, X140
478:These microfossils are made of
380:Nomenclature and taxonomic rank
1712:Repetski & Ethington, 1983
1541:Pander, 1856 non Branson, 1938
1:
3623:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3515:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
3488:10.1080/08912963.2018.1427088
2803:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.03.023
2692:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.03.004
368:and the results published in
5007:List of transitional fossils
4081:The tree of life web project
4008:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10048-3
3796:10.1016/j.palwor.2022.01.001
3320:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.034
2861:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
2758:10.1007/978-94-017-0581-3_27
2192:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1239:perspective, as informed by
879:Classification and phylogeny
9731:Furongian first appearances
3895:Global and Planetary Change
3349:Foster, John (2014-06-06).
1459:FĂĄhraeus & Hunter, 1985
550:(Ordovician, North America)
9757:
4287:Timeline of fish evolution
4225:Jim Davison (2002-10-15).
3937:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
2392:FĂĄhraeus, Lars E. (1984).
2276:FĂĄhraeus, Lars E. (1983).
2020:Klapper & Philip, 1971
949:, more closely related to
869:Some species of the genus
29:
9736:Late Triassic extinctions
9555:
9140:
9127:
7483:
7470:
6444:
6431:
5788:
5649:
5483:
5470:
5245:
5125:
5114:
5088:
5041:
4975:Lists of prehistoric fish
4403:
4277:
2719:10.1017/s0022336000035319
2600:10.1017/S1477201907002234
2318:Bengtson, Stefan (1976).
2169:Conodont alteration index
2105:Austin & Rhodes, 1981
2097:Austin & Rhodes, 1981
2073:Austin & Rhodes, 1981
1820:MĂĽller & MĂĽller, 1957
1657:Wang & Aldridge, 2010
1639:Stouge & Bagnoli 1999
1512:Wang & Aldridge, 2010
1165:
1150:
1143:
1128:
1121:
1104:
1097:
1068:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1015:
1008:
985:
978:
694:Clydagnathus windsorensis
566:The feeding apparatus of
495:conodont alteration index
277:
270:
225:
220:
148:Scientific classification
146:
141:
132:
45:
2357:Clark, David L. (1981).
2256:"The quick and the dead"
2164:Conodont biostratigraphy
1994:Branson & Mehl, 1944
1936:Branson & Mehl, 1944
1857:Branson & Mehl, 1944
562:Elements of ozarkodinids
370:Saint Petersburg, Russia
30:Not to be confused with
5033:Vertebrate paleontology
4121:Journal of Paleontology
3941:Haaramo, Mikko (2007).
3738:10.1073/pnas.1814794116
3614:Szaniawski, H. (2002).
3589:(2004). "Vertebrates".
3564:10.1126/science.1598571
3156:Papers in Palaeontology
2974:Journal of Paleontology
2944:Journal of Paleontology
2938:Dunn, David L. (1965).
2913:Journal of Paleontology
2895:Journal of Paleontology
2818:Journal of Paleontology
2707:Journal of Paleontology
2537:Journal of Paleontology
2159:List of conodont genera
487:used in biostratigraphy
4227:"Ordovician conodonts"
4100:Sweet, Walter (1988).
3987:10.1098/rstb.1993.0082
3113:10.1098/rsbl.2022.0179
3078:10.1098/rstb.1990.0102
3025:10.1098/rstb.1997.0141
1675:Pomešano-Cherchi, 1967
1379:
817:
770:chevron-shaped muscles
730:Panderodus unicostatus
624:Panderodus unicostatus
608:Panderodus unicostatus
366:Heinz Christian Pander
9685:Paleobiology Database
5120:Conodont-like fossils
3945:Conodonta - conodonts
3830:Earth-Science Reviews
3528:10.4202/app.2009.0045
2436:Sweet, W. C. (1988).
1257:Mauch Chunk Formation
1254:
1241:phylogenetic analyses
813:Manticolepis subrecta
810:Model of elements of
809:
499:petroleum exploration
473:konservat lagerstätte
8969:Spathognathodontidae
7942:Plectospathodontinae
6156:Protopanderodontidae
5028:Transitional fossils
4667:Pseudopetalichthyida
4061:The Flamingo's Smile
2752:. pp. 318–330.
2025:Spathognathodontidae
1588:Protopanderodontidae
1247:Evolutionary history
899:-shaped muscles and
669:Bear Gulch limestone
588:Life restoration of
337:, classified in the
8914:Pterospathodontidae
7489:Anchignathodontidae
7035:Paracordylodontidae
5974:Drepanoistodontidae
5838:Protopanderodontida
5412:Westergaardodinidae
4075:Janvier, P (1997).
3907:2020GPC...19503325G
3842:2021ESRv..22003699S
3729:2019PNAS..116.2146M
3591:Fossils at a Glance
3556:1992Sci...256.1285B
3550:(5061): 1285–1286.
3394:1993Geo....21..375P
3312:2019PPP...524..212T
3265:2007Geo....35..879V
3218:1995Natur.374..800G
3070:1990RSPTB.327..595M
3017:1997RSPTB.352.1545P
3011:(1361): 1545–1564.
2950:: 6. Archived from
2795:2016ChGeo.431...36Q
2684:2006ChGeo.233..196T
2141:Paleontology portal
2032:Pterospathodontidae
1905:Anchignathodontidae
1680:Paracordylodontidae
1571:Drepanoistodontidae
1547:Protopanderodontida
1413:biotic interactions
1056:Protopanderodontida
575:The conodont animal
456:mineralized tissues
335:jawless vertebrates
246:Protopanderodontida
9741:Cambrian chordates
9412:Neoplectospathodus
8562:Novispathodontidae
8452:Idiognathodontidae
8161:Gladigondolellidae
7894:Neoprioniodontinae
7446:Bergstroemognathus
7236:Polyplacognathidae
6877:Multioistodontidae
6354:Strachanognathidae
5963:Paraserratognathus
5449:"true conodonts" (
4716:Ischnacanthiformes
4564:Cephalaspidomorphi
4025:Biological Reviews
3448:10.1017/pab.2022.9
2873:10.1007/BF03041668
2480:Biological Reviews
2282:Systematic Zoology
2204:10.1007/BF03044446
2086:Idiognathodontidae
1981:Novispathodontidae
1959:Gladigondolellidae
1793:Polyplacognathidae
1717:Multioistodontidae
1605:Strachanognathidae
1405:marine regressions
1380:
818:
712:Promissum pulchrum
703:Granton Shrimp Bed
591:Promissum pulchrum
142:Conodont elements
9713:
9712:
9602:Taxon identifiers
9593:
9592:
9551:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9059:Trucherognathidae
8923:Astropentagnathus
8908:
8907:
8705:Pseudopolygnathus
8684:Ferganaegnathodus
8211:Carnepigondolella
7988:
7987:
7951:Anastrophognathus
7903:Leptochirognathus
7466:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7355:Guizhouprioniodus
7245:Baltoplacognathus
7135:Acanthocordylodus
6893:Leptochirognathus
6427:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6403:
6402:
6358:(Cornuodontidae)?
6336:Serratognathoides
6012:Laurentoscandodus
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5636:
5635:
5576:Drepanodistacodus
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5380:Problematoconites
5145:
5048:
5047:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4890:Palaeonisciformes
4838:Onychodontiformes
4795:Petalodontiformes
4789:Iniopterygiformes
4752:Phoebodontiformes
4740:Ctenacanthiformes
4710:Diplacanthiformes
4592:
4591:
4365:Myllokunmingiidae
4271:Evolution of fish
3981:(1294): 405–421.
3661:10.5252/g2010n4a1
3600:978-0-632-06047-4
3362:978-0-253-01188-6
3273:10.1130/g23894a.1
3212:(6525): 800–803.
3168:10.1002/spp2.1389
3064:(1242): 595–624.
3052:Typhloesus wellsi
2767:978-90-481-4013-8
2451:978-0-19-504352-5
2154:Micropaleontology
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2021:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1990:Trucherognathidae
1986:
1977:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1778:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1621:
1610:
1601:
1600:Zhen et al., 2009
1592:
1584:
1576:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1542:
1530:
1521:
1513:
1508:Pseudooneotodidae
1504:
1496:
1488:
1477:
1468:
1460:
1451:
1441:
1433:
1409:continental shelf
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1081:
1080:
965:Ingroup relations
959:jawed vertebrates
829:(open ocean) and
778:dorsal nerve cord
622:A body fossil of
491:paleothermometers
445:Conodont elements
305:
304:
291:
216:
57:Earliest Jurassic
16:(Redirected from
9748:
9706:
9705:
9693:
9692:
9680:
9679:
9667:
9666:
9654:
9653:
9644:
9643:
9642:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9597:
9583:
9582:
9573:
9572:
9563:
9562:
9259:Parapachycladina
9142:
9129:
9080:Vjalovognathidae
8892:Streptognathodus
8850:Ctenopolygnathus
8712:Rhachistognathus
8650:
8634:Triassospathodus
8400:Scythogondolella
8386:Pseudofurnishius
8197:Ancyrogondolella
8015:Eognathodontidae
7655:
7485:
7472:
7439:Appalachignathus
7430:Rhipidognathidae
7267:Polyplacognathus
6908:Neomultioistodus
6835:Jablonnodontidae
6732:Gamachignathidae
6568:Aldridgeognathus
6446:
6433:
6394:Strachanognathus
6326:Serratognathidae
6202:Molloydenticulus
5920:Eoserratognathus
5843:
5786:
5722:Fryxellodontidae
5647:
5504:
5494:
5485:
5472:
5445:Conodontophorida
5421:Westergaardodina
5394:Prosagittodontus
5332:
5243:
5135:
5131:Protoconodontida
5127:
5116:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5052:
5023:Prehistoric life
4934:Pycnodontiformes
4932:
4917:Acipenseriformes
4887:
4854:
4836:
4823:
4686:
4631:Brindabellaspida
4608:
4603:
4546:Pteraspidomorphi
4535:
4502:
4467:
4451:
4450:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4409:
4390:
4379:
4370:
4363:
4348:
4326:
4309:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4203:
4180:
4159:
4157:
4127:(6): 1174–1184.
4118:
4093:Knell, Simon J.
4090:
4088:
4087:
4056:
4019:
3990:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3918:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3758:
3740:
3723:(6): 2146–2151.
3707:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3677:
3671:. Archived from
3646:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3450:
3426:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3226:10.1038/374800a0
3201:
3188:
3187:
3162:(4): 1977–1993.
3147:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2980:(6): 1557–1560.
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2908:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2783:Chemical Geology
2778:
2772:
2771:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2678:(3–4): 196–216.
2672:Chemical Geology
2667:
2661:
2660:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2579:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2543:(6): 1174–1184.
2534:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2471:
2456:
2455:
2433:
2422:
2421:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2198:(3–4): 177–182.
2187:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2002:
1999:Vjalovognathidae
1993:
1984:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1941:Eognathodontidae
1935:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1776:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1741:Rhipidognathidae
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1662:Jablonnodontidae
1656:
1653:Gamachignathidae
1647:
1638:
1629:
1619:
1608:
1599:
1596:Serratognathidae
1590:
1582:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1549:
1540:
1528:
1519:
1511:
1502:
1500:Fryxellodontidae
1494:
1486:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1449:
1439:
1431:
1146:
1124:
1100:
1049:
1042:
1011:
1002:
981:
974:
759:Akkamori section
646:
634:
619:
602:
585:
540:
529:Hindeodus parvus
523:
485:They are widely
420:to euconodonts.
296:
286:
284:Conodontophorida
282:
211:
206:
156:
155:
137:
127:
64:
49:Temporal range:
43:
21:
9756:
9755:
9751:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9746:
9745:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9709:
9701:
9696:
9688:
9683:
9675:
9670:
9662:
9657:
9649:
9647:
9638:
9637:
9632:
9623:
9622:
9617:
9604:
9594:
9589:
9543:
9501:
9461:Prionognathodus
9306:
9278:
9223:
9174:
9146:Bactrognathidae
9136:
9115:
9101:Wapitiodontidae
9094:
9073:
9068:Trucherognathus
9052:
9031:Sweetognathidae
9025:
8999:Spathognathodus
8963:
8904:
8899:Synclydagnathus
8878:Parapolygnathus
8821:
8738:
8639:
8627:Sweetospathodus
8555:
8528:
8501:
8480:
8446:
8412:
8358:Parvigondolella
8288:Metapolygnathus
8175:
8170:Gladigondolella
8154:
8105:
8077:Elictognathidae
8071:
8059:Schmidtognathus
8045:Pseudogondwania
8008:
7984:
7979:Plectospathodus
7936:
7888:
7854:Hindeodelloides
7818:
7756:
7744:Tetraprioniodus
7723:Hibbardelloides
7687:
7643:
7559:
7538:Archeognathidae
7531:
7519:Pseudohindeodus
7479:
7458:
7424:
7395:
7348:Eoneoprioniodus
7290:Prioniodontidae
7284:
7272:
7230:
7196:
7175:
7170:Protophragmodus
7126:Phragmodontidae
7120:
7070:
7065:Protoprioniodus
7029:
7017:
6941:
6920:
6886:Dischidognathus
6871:
6845:Cononcfiodontus
6829:
6795:
6761:
6726:
6698:Distomodontidae
6692:
6596:Barrandegnathus
6553:
6489:
6440:
6415:
6399:
6357:
6348:
6320:
6251:Pseudooneotodus
6244:Protopanderodus
6150:
6057:Panderodontidae
6054:
6046:
5980:Distacodontidae
5977:
5968:
5891:
5847:Acanthodontidae
5832:
5767:
5716:
5674:Cordylodontidae
5668:
5662:Pseudooneotodus
5632:
5609:Dapsilodontidae
5603:
5569:Coelocerodontus
5539:
5479:
5458:
5448:
5443:
5426:
5406:
5321:
5238:Paraconodontida
5232:
5134:
5121:
5110:
5084:
5079:
5049:
5044:
5037:
5011:
4955:
4903:Polypteriformes
4872:
4866:Tetrapodomorpha
4812:
4746:Hybodontiformes
4720:
4697:Acanthodiformes
4679:
4588:
4528:
4518:Paraconodontida
4495:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4445:
4423:
4411:
4401:
4320:Cephalochordate
4291:
4273:
4268:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4214:
4206:
4190:
4187:
4162:
4155:
4116:
4111:
4106:Clarendon Press
4085:
4083:
4074:
4022:
4002:(11): 463–468.
3993:
3968:
3965:
3963:Further reading
3960:
3951:
3949:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3687:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3585:Milsom, Clare;
3584:
3583:
3579:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3428:
3427:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3149:
3148:
3139:
3100:Biology Letters
3093:
3092:
3085:
3047:
3046:
3042:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2892:
2888:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2563:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2473:
2472:
2459:
2452:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2294:10.2307/2413175
2275:
2274:
2267:
2254:(Jun 5, 1999).
2248:Jan Zalasiewicz
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2110:Sweetognathidae
2070:Elictognathidae
2008:Wapitiodontidae
1985:(Orchard, 2005)
1914:Archeognathidae
1889:Lindström, 1970
1873:Lindström, 1970
1870:Bactrognathidae
1840:Bergström, 1981
1801:Distomodontidae
1796:Bergström, 1981
1777:Bergstrom, 1981
1760:Bergström, 1981
1757:Phragmodontidae
1749:Prioniodontidae
1736:Lindström, 1970
1728:Lindström, 1970
1702:Bergström, 1981
1684:Bergström, 1981
1644:Distacodontidae
1635:Cahabagnathidae
1622:(paraphyletic)
1609:Bergström, 1981
1591:Lindström, 1970
1583:Lindström, 1970
1580:Panderodontidae
1566:Lindström, 1970
1558:Lindström, 1970
1555:Acanthodontidae
1529:Bergstrom, 1981
1520:Lindström, 1970
1517:Proconodontidae
1495:Lindström, 1970
1492:Cordylodontidae
1472:Dapsilodontidae
1421:
1403:and associated
1378:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1347:Polygnathus sp.
1344:
1335:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1082:
1006:
988:Paraconodontida
967:
886:
881:
804:
656:
647:
638:
635:
626:
620:
611:
605:Restoration of
603:
594:
586:
577:
564:
551:
541:
532:
524:
515:
480:hydroxylapatite
452:
447:
382:
362:
354:biostratigraphy
210:
204:
150:
128:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
53:Middle Cambrian
51:
50:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9754:
9752:
9744:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9718:
9717:
9711:
9710:
9708:
9707:
9694:
9681:
9668:
9655:
9645:
9630:
9614:
9612:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9587:
9577:
9567:
9556:
9553:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9541:
9534:
9527:
9520:
9512:
9510:
9508:Xaniognathidae
9503:
9502:
9500:
9499:
9492:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9440:Polygnathellus
9436:
9429:
9422:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9398:Metalonchodina
9394:
9387:
9380:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9338:
9331:
9324:
9316:
9314:
9312:Prioniodinidae
9308:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9297:
9289:
9287:
9285:Oepikodontidae
9280:
9279:
9277:
9276:
9269:
9266:Parafurnishius
9262:
9255:
9248:
9241:
9233:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9214:
9206:
9199:
9192:
9184:
9182:
9180:Chirognathidae
9176:
9175:
9173:
9172:
9165:
9158:
9150:
9148:
9138:
9137:
9132:
9125:
9124:
9121:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9114:
9113:
9105:
9103:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9089:Vjalovognathus
9084:
9082:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9071:
9063:
9061:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9043:
9035:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8981:
8973:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8961:
8954:
8951:Pterospathodus
8947:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8918:
8916:
8910:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8902:
8895:
8888:
8881:
8874:
8871:Pandorinellina
8867:
8860:
8853:
8846:
8839:
8831:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8812:
8805:
8798:
8791:
8784:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8748:
8746:
8744:Palmatolepidae
8740:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8729:
8722:
8715:
8708:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8666:
8658:
8656:
8654:Cavusgnathidae
8647:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8637:
8630:
8623:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8592:Icriospathodus
8588:
8581:
8578:Gongolelloides
8574:
8566:
8564:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8546:
8538:
8536:
8534:Mestognathidae
8530:
8529:
8527:
8526:
8519:
8516:Ctenognathodus
8511:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8491:
8489:
8482:
8481:
8479:
8478:
8475:Protognathodus
8471:
8464:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8444:
8441:Peudognathodus
8437:
8430:
8422:
8420:
8418:Gnathodontidae
8414:
8413:
8411:
8410:
8403:
8396:
8389:
8382:
8375:
8368:
8361:
8354:
8347:
8344:Paragondolella
8340:
8337:Norigondolella
8333:
8326:
8319:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8291:
8284:
8281:Mesogondolella
8277:
8270:
8263:
8260:Jinogondolella
8256:
8253:Icriospathodus
8249:
8242:
8235:
8228:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8200:
8193:
8185:
8183:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8165:
8163:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8124:
8116:
8114:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8096:
8089:
8086:Alternognathus
8081:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8062:
8055:
8048:
8041:
8034:
8027:
8019:
8017:
8010:
8009:
8007:
8006:
7998:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7961:
7954:
7946:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7906:
7898:
7896:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7883:Synprioniodina
7879:
7872:
7864:
7857:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7833:Euprioniodella
7828:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7813:Tasmanognathus
7809:
7802:
7799:Metaprioniodus
7795:
7788:
7781:
7778:Cervicornoides
7774:
7766:
7764:
7762:Hindeodellinae
7758:
7757:
7755:
7754:
7747:
7740:
7733:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7697:
7695:
7693:Hibbardellinae
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7678:
7671:
7663:
7661:
7652:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7570:
7568:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7550:
7542:
7540:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7526:Synprioniodina
7522:
7515:
7508:
7505:Diplognathodus
7501:
7498:Anchignathodus
7493:
7491:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7453:Rhipidognathus
7449:
7442:
7434:
7432:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7415:
7406:
7404:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7302:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7263:
7255:
7248:
7240:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7204:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7186:
7184:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7156:Paraprioniodus
7152:
7145:
7138:
7130:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7101:Microzarkodina
7097:
7089:
7080:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7061:
7058:Paracordylodus
7054:
7047:
7044:Cooperignathus
7039:
7037:
7031:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6951:
6949:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6931:
6929:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6889:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6840:
6838:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6824:Pelekysgnathus
6820:
6813:
6805:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6786:
6779:
6771:
6769:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6756:Gamachignathus
6752:
6745:
6737:
6735:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6702:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6687:Trapezognathus
6683:
6680:Sagittodontina
6676:
6673:Rhodesognathus
6669:
6666:Pterospathodus
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6575:Amorphognathus
6571:
6563:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6527:Pteracontiodus
6523:
6515:
6508:
6500:
6498:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6456:
6454:
6451:incertae sedis
6442:
6441:
6438:Prioniodontida
6436:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6409:Prioniodontida
6405:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6361:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6343:Serratognathus
6339:
6331:
6329:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6311:
6308:Variabiloconus
6304:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6262:
6259:Semiacontiodus
6255:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6140:
6137:Taoqupognathus
6133:
6130:Pseudobelodina
6126:
6119:
6116:Parapanderodus
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6062:
6060:
6052:Panderodontida
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6015:
6008:
6005:Drepanoistodus
6001:
5993:
5985:
5983:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5959:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5901:
5899:
5897:Clavohamulidae
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5881:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5851:
5849:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5822:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5742:
5739:Fryxellodontus
5735:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5683:Cambrooistodus
5678:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5658:
5650:
5644:
5642:Proconodontida
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5623:
5614:
5612:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5572:
5565:
5557:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5511:
5501:
5491:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5416:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5340:
5338:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5295:Serratocambria
5291:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5208:
5201:
5193:
5189:Huayuanodontus
5185:
5178:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5146:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4894:
4893:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4856:Porolepiformes
4845:
4840:
4831:
4829:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4801:Symmoriiformes
4797:
4791:
4785:
4783:Eugeneodontida
4773:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4734:Elasmobranchii
4730:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4703:Climatiiformes
4699:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4661:Acanthothoraci
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4637:Petalichthyida
4633:
4627:
4621:
4614:
4612:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4578:
4572:
4560:
4554:
4548:
4541:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4511:Protoconodonta
4506:
4504:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4464:
4457:
4456:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4386:
4382:Myllokunmingia
4359:
4354:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4222:
4204:
4186:
4185:External links
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:(4): 427–445.
4160:
4109:
4098:
4091:
4072:
4057:
4031:(2): 191–251.
4020:
3991:
3971:Smith, M. Paul
3964:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3930:
3881:
3862:
3816:
3790:(4): 633–645.
3770:
3702:
3655:(4): 545–594.
3632:
3606:
3599:
3577:
3534:
3521:(4): 669–676.
3501:
3470:
3441:(4): 601–621.
3414:
3388:(4): 375–377.
3368:
3361:
3341:
3286:
3239:
3189:
3137:
3083:
3040:
2991:
2964:
2930:
2919:(3): 293–300.
2903:
2886:
2867:(1–2): 76–85.
2851:
2824:(2): 227–235.
2808:
2773:
2766:
2740:
2713:(4): 790–794.
2697:
2662:
2635:
2613:
2594:(2): 119–153.
2569:
2513:
2486:(2): 191–251.
2457:
2450:
2423:
2404:(4): 293–305.
2384:
2377:
2349:
2330:(2): 185–206.
2307:
2288:(4): 455–459.
2265:
2239:
2217:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2102:Cavusgnathidae
2099:
2094:Mestognathidae
2091:
2083:
2078:Gnathodontidae
2075:
2067:
2064:Hindeodontidae
2061:
2056:Palmatolepidae
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1965:
1963:(Hirsch, 1994)
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1862:Prioniodinidae
1859:
1854:Chirognathidae
1851:
1845:Xaniognathidae
1842:
1836:Oepikodontidae
1824:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1781:Icriodontacea
1779:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1704:
1698:Ulrichodinidae
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1617:Prioniodontida
1613:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1575:FĂĄhraeus, 1978
1568:
1563:Clavohamulidae
1560:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1484:Proconodontida
1480:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1461:
1420:
1417:
1407:which reduced
1401:glacial events
1267:Valley Member.
1265:
1262:
1261:
1248:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:Paracordylodus
1103:
1098:
1096:
1093:Prioniodontida
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:Proconodontida
1014:
1009:
1007:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
984:
979:
977:
972:
966:
963:
920:protoconodonts
885:
882:
880:
877:
864:trophic niches
847:Alternognathus
803:
800:
739:Waukesha Biota
658:
657:
648:
641:
639:
636:
629:
627:
621:
614:
612:
604:
597:
595:
587:
580:
576:
573:
563:
560:
553:
552:
542:
535:
533:
525:
518:
514:
513:Full apparatus
511:
451:
448:
446:
443:
406:protoconodonts
402:taxonomic rank
381:
378:
361:
358:
303:
302:
301:
300:
292:
275:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
251:Panderodontida
248:
238:
237:
236:
234:Proconodontida
223:
222:
218:
217:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
144:
143:
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
65:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9753:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9704:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9686:
9682:
9678:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9646:
9641:
9635:
9631:
9626:
9620:
9616:
9615:
9613:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9598:
9586:
9578:
9576:
9568:
9566:
9558:
9557:
9554:
9540:
9539:
9535:
9533:
9532:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9524:Crypridodella
9521:
9519:
9518:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9509:
9504:
9498:
9497:
9493:
9491:
9490:
9486:
9484:
9483:
9482:Subbryantodus
9479:
9477:
9476:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9468:Pristognathus
9465:
9463:
9462:
9458:
9456:
9455:
9451:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9428:
9427:
9423:
9421:
9420:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9409:
9407:
9406:
9405:Multidentodus
9402:
9400:
9399:
9395:
9393:
9392:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9384:Kamuellerella
9381:
9379:
9378:
9377:Idioprionodus
9374:
9372:
9371:
9367:
9365:
9364:
9360:
9358:
9357:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9339:
9337:
9336:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9328:Camptognathus
9325:
9323:
9322:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9313:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9294:Lissoepikodus
9291:
9290:
9288:
9286:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9263:
9261:
9260:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9240:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9226:
9220:
9219:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9207:
9205:
9204:
9200:
9198:
9197:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9186:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9177:
9171:
9170:
9169:Staurognathus
9166:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9155:Bactrognathus
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9134:Prioniodinida
9130:
9126:
9112:
9111:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9097:
9091:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9060:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9047:Sweetognathus
9044:
9042:
9041:
9037:
9036:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9010:
9008:
9007:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8996:
8994:
8993:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8982:
8980:
8979:
8975:
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8972:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8955:
8953:
8952:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8941:
8939:
8938:
8934:
8932:
8931:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8901:
8900:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8889:
8887:
8886:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8875:
8873:
8872:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8854:
8852:
8851:
8847:
8845:
8844:
8840:
8838:
8837:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8827:Polygnathidae
8824:
8818:
8817:
8813:
8811:
8810:
8806:
8804:
8803:
8799:
8797:
8796:
8792:
8790:
8789:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8774:Klapperilepis
8771:
8769:
8768:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8733:Weyerognathus
8730:
8728:
8727:
8726:Taphrognathus
8723:
8721:
8720:
8719:Scaphignathus
8716:
8714:
8713:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8702:
8700:
8699:
8695:
8693:
8692:
8688:
8686:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8645:Polygnathacea
8642:
8636:
8635:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8622:
8621:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8613:Novispathodus
8610:
8608:
8607:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8589:
8587:
8586:
8582:
8580:
8579:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8563:
8558:
8552:
8551:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8543:Laterignathus
8540:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8520:
8518:
8517:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8507:Kockelellidae
8504:
8498:
8497:
8493:
8492:
8490:
8488:
8487:Iowagnathidae
8483:
8477:
8476:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8468:Idiognathodus
8465:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8438:
8436:
8435:
8431:
8429:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8390:
8388:
8387:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8376:
8374:
8373:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8365:Platyvillosus
8362:
8360:
8359:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8339:
8338:
8334:
8332:
8331:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8318:
8317:
8316:Neogondolella
8313:
8311:
8310:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8267:Kraussodontus
8264:
8262:
8261:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8232:Epigondolella
8229:
8227:
8226:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8181:Gondolellidae
8178:
8172:
8171:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8162:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8125:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8113:
8112:Francodinidae
8108:
8102:
8101:
8100:Pinacognathus
8097:
8095:
8094:
8093:Elictognathus
8090:
8088:
8087:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8016:
8011:
8005:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7994:Cryptotaxidae
7991:
7981:
7980:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7972:Keislognathus
7969:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7958:Aphelognathus
7955:
7953:
7952:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7939:
7933:
7932:
7931:Subprioniodus
7928:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7917:Neoprioniodus
7914:
7912:
7911:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7858:
7856:
7855:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7840:Euprioniodina
7837:
7835:
7834:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7815:
7814:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7659:Coleodontinae
7656:
7653:
7651:
7650:Coleodontidae
7646:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7624:Microcoelodus
7621:
7619:
7618:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7600:
7598:
7597:
7596:Cambropustula
7593:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7547:Archeognathus
7544:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7534:
7528:
7527:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7455:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7390:Stiptognathus
7387:
7385:
7384:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7369:Lambdagnathus
7366:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7334:Embsaygnathus
7331:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7278:Prioniodinida
7275:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7252:Cahabagnathus
7249:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7202:Plectodinidae
7199:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:Playfordiidae
7178:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7112:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7077:
7076:Periodontidae
7073:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7026:
7024:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6984:Loxognathodus
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6947:Oistodontidae
6944:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6901:Multioistodus
6898:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6866:Mitrellataxis
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6801:Icriodontidae
6798:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6721:Moskalenkodus
6718:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6707:Anticostiodus
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6582:Arianagnathus
6579:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6559:Balognathidae
6556:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:Multidentodus
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6434:
6430:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6355:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6280:Striatodontus
6277:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6088:Neopanderodus
6085:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5941:Hispidodontus
5938:
5936:
5935:
5934:Hirsutodontus
5931:
5929:
5928:
5927:Granatodontus
5924:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5887:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5711:Iapetognathus
5708:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5655:Proconodontus
5652:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5441:
5437:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5336:Furnishinidae
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:Furnishinacea
5324:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:Prodistacodus
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5273:Hunanognathus
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5227:Protohertzina
5224:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5040:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:cartilaginous
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4726:Cartilaginous
4723:
4717:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4674:Stensioellida
4671:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:Ptyctodontida
4646:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4395:
4394:
4393:Zhongxiniscus
4387:
4384:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4373:Haikouichthys
4366:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4305:
4304:Basal member
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:Idiognathodus
4193:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4078:
4077:"Euconodonta"
4073:
4070:
4069:0-393-30375-6
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3948:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3863:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3817:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3678:on 2012-03-19
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:Geodiversitas
3643:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2965:
2954:on 2016-08-18
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2444:(10): 1–211.
2443:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2378:0-8137-3028-7
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2260:New Scientist
2257:
2253:
2252:Sarah Gabbott
2249:
2243:
2240:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2126:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2051:Bassler, 1925
2049:
2048:Polygnathidae
2046:
2043:Klapper, 1981
2041:
2040:Kockelellidae
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2017:Cryptotaxidae
2015:
2012:Orchard, 2005
2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:Iowagnathidae
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1950:Francodinidae
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:Coleodontidae
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1886:Gondolellidae
1884:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1865:Bassler, 1925
1863:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:Prioniodinida
1825:
1818:
1817:Icriodontidae
1815:
1810:
1809:Icriodellidae
1807:
1804:Klapper, 1981
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1785:Balognathidae
1783:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1765:Plectodinidae
1763:
1758:
1755:
1752:Bassler, 1925
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1733:Periodontidae
1731:
1726:
1725:Oistodontidae
1723:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:Playfordiidae
1687:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1393:Pennsylvanian
1390:
1386:
1385:Carboniferous
1375:
1373:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:Prioniodinida
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:Balognathidae
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1005:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
983:
982:
976:
975:
971:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:paraconodonts
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
891:
883:
878:
876:
874:
873:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
814:
808:
801:
799:
797:
793:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
699:Carboniferous
696:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
654:
653:
645:
640:
633:
628:
625:
618:
613:
610:
609:
601:
596:
593:
592:
584:
579:
574:
572:
569:
561:
559:
556:
549:
547:
546:Archeognathus
539:
534:
531:
530:
522:
517:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
468:
464:
462:
457:
450:Lone elements
449:
444:
442:
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:
421:
419:
415:
411:
410:paraconodonts
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
379:
377:
373:
371:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
309:
299:
293:
289:
285:
279:
278:
276:
273:
269:
262:
259:
257:
256:Prioniodinida
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
226:
224:
219:
214:
209:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
154:
149:
145:
140:
136:
131:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
62:
58:
54:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9609:
9538:Xaniognathus
9536:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9494:
9487:
9480:
9473:
9466:
9459:
9452:
9447:Prioniodella
9445:
9438:
9431:
9426:Palmatodella
9424:
9417:
9410:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9382:
9375:
9368:
9363:Guizhoudella
9361:
9354:
9347:
9340:
9333:
9326:
9319:
9299:
9292:
9273:Stepanovites
9271:
9264:
9257:
9252:Hadrodontina
9250:
9243:
9236:
9229:Ellisoniidae
9216:
9208:
9201:
9196:Curtognathus
9194:
9189:Chirognathus
9187:
9167:
9162:Doliognathus
9160:
9153:
9108:
9087:
9066:
9045:
9038:
9020:Zieglerodina
9018:
9011:
9004:
8997:
8990:
8983:
8976:
8958:Xainzadontus
8956:
8949:
8944:Pranognathus
8942:
8935:
8928:
8921:
8897:
8890:
8883:
8876:
8869:
8862:
8855:
8848:
8841:
8834:
8814:
8809:Panderolepis
8807:
8802:Palmatolepis
8800:
8793:
8788:Manticolepis
8786:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8753:Conditolepis
8751:
8731:
8724:
8717:
8710:
8703:
8698:Patrognathus
8696:
8689:
8682:
8677:Clydagnathus
8675:
8670:Cavusgnathus
8668:
8663:Adetognathus
8661:
8632:
8625:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8590:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8550:Mestognathus
8548:
8541:
8521:
8514:
8494:
8473:
8466:
8459:
8439:
8432:
8425:
8407:Sephardiella
8405:
8398:
8391:
8384:
8377:
8370:
8363:
8356:
8349:
8342:
8335:
8328:
8323:Neospathodus
8321:
8314:
8309:Neocavitella
8307:
8300:
8293:
8286:
8279:
8272:
8265:
8258:
8251:
8244:
8237:
8230:
8223:
8216:
8209:
8202:
8195:
8190:Acuminatella
8188:
8168:
8149:Vogelgnathus
8147:
8142:Urbanekodina
8140:
8133:
8126:
8119:
8098:
8091:
8084:
8066:Siphonodella
8064:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8036:
8029:
8022:
8001:
7977:
7970:
7963:
7956:
7949:
7929:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7901:
7881:
7874:
7866:
7859:
7852:
7847:Hamulosodina
7845:
7838:
7831:
7811:
7804:
7797:
7792:Kladognathus
7790:
7783:
7776:
7769:
7751:Zentagnathus
7749:
7742:
7735:
7730:Ptilognathus
7728:
7721:
7714:
7707:
7702:Diplododella
7700:
7682:Pravognathus
7680:
7673:
7666:
7636:
7629:
7622:
7615:
7610:Hunanganthus
7608:
7601:
7594:
7589:Bengtsonella
7587:
7580:
7573:
7566:Belodontidae
7552:
7545:
7524:
7517:
7510:
7503:
7496:
7477:Ozarkodinida
7451:
7444:
7437:
7417:
7409:
7401:Pygodontidae
7388:
7381:
7374:
7367:
7360:
7353:
7346:
7339:
7332:
7327:Drucognathus
7325:
7320:Dichognathus
7318:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7265:
7257:
7250:
7243:
7223:
7216:
7209:
7189:
7168:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7113:
7106:
7099:
7091:
7085:Fahraeusodus
7083:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7023:Ozarkodinida
7010:
7003:
6996:
6991:Loxodentatus
6989:
6982:
6975:
6970:Juanognathus
6968:
6961:
6956:Graciliconus
6954:
6934:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6891:
6884:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6822:
6815:
6810:Caudicriodus
6808:
6788:
6783:Icriognathus
6781:
6774:
6767:Icrodellidae
6754:
6747:
6740:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6645:Pranognathus
6643:
6638:Omanognathus
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6546:
6539:
6534:Triangulodus
6532:
6525:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6459:
6449:
6392:
6387:Scabbardella
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6341:
6334:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6287:Stultodontus
6285:
6278:
6273:Staufferella
6271:
6264:
6257:
6249:
6242:
6237:Polycostatus
6235:
6228:
6223:Parutahconus
6221:
6214:
6209:Monocostodus
6207:
6200:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6173:Colaptoconus
6171:
6163:
6144:Belodellidae
6142:
6135:
6128:
6123:Plegagnathus
6121:
6114:
6109:Parabelodina
6107:
6100:
6095:Nudibelodina
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5995:
5988:
5961:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5906:Clavohamulus
5904:
5883:
5877:Scalpellodus
5875:
5870:Parapaltodus
5868:
5861:
5854:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5761:Pygodontidae
5759:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5729:
5709:
5702:
5697:Eoconodontus
5695:
5688:
5681:
5660:
5653:
5625:
5617:
5598:Walliserodus
5596:
5589:
5582:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5552:
5545:Belodellidae
5531:
5523:
5516:
5419:
5401:Proscandodus
5399:
5392:
5387:Prooneotodus
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5316:Yongshunella
5314:
5307:
5302:Shandongodus
5300:
5293:
5285:
5280:Laiwugnathus
5278:
5271:
5266:Bengtsonella
5264:
5257:
5249:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5180:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5153:Amphigeisina
5151:
5142:chaetognaths
5081:
4980:spiny sharks
4939:Halecomorphi
4758:Xenacanthida
4643:Phyllolepida
4576:Pituriaspida
4537:Ostracoderms
4471:Cyclostomata
4461:Jawless fish
4410:
4391:
4380:
4371:
4349:
4327:
4310:
4230:. Retrieved
4215:. Retrieved
4211:
4197:
4192:Mark Purnell
4168:
4164:
4124:
4120:
4101:
4094:
4084:. Retrieved
4080:
4060:
4028:
4024:
3999:
3995:
3978:
3974:
3950:. Retrieved
3944:
3933:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3853:. Retrieved
3833:
3829:
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3787:
3783:
3773:
3720:
3716:
3705:
3691:cite journal
3680:. Retrieved
3673:the original
3652:
3648:
3635:
3626:
3622:
3609:
3590:
3580:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3479:
3473:
3438:
3435:Paleobiology
3434:
3405:. Retrieved
3385:
3381:
3371:
3351:
3344:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3209:
3205:
3159:
3155:
3103:
3099:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3043:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2956:. Retrieved
2952:the original
2947:
2943:
2933:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2894:
2889:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2749:
2743:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2616:
2591:
2587:
2540:
2536:
2483:
2479:
2441:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2363:
2352:
2327:
2323:
2285:
2281:
2259:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2220:
2195:
2191:
2113:Ritter, 1986
2066:(Hass, 1959)
2035:Cooper, 1977
1973:
1927:Huddle, 1934
1923:Belodontidae
1918:Miller, 1969
1897:Ozarkodinida
1878:Ellisoniidae
1788:(Hass, 1959)
1773:Pygodontidae
1720:Harris, 1964
1706:
1525:Pygodontidae
1503:Miller, 1981
1464:Belodellidae
1432:Pander, 1856
1428:
1422:
1397:
1381:
1372:Cavusgnathus
1370:
1363:Kladognathus
1361:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1325:
1316:
1309:Cavusgnathus
1307:
1300:Cavusgnathus
1298:
1291:Kladognathus
1289:
1279:Cavusgnathus
1277:
1272:Kladognathus
1270:
1234:
1168:Ozarkodinida
1166:
1151:
1129:
1106:
1105:
1071:Panderontida
1069:
1054:
1016:
1003:
986:
968:
936:
932:Chaetognatha
927:
912:phylogenetic
905:
887:
870:
868:
845:
843:
834:
831:nektobenthic
819:
811:
796:Clydagnathus
795:
789:
785:
782:Clydagnathus
781:
767:
729:
725:South Africa
711:
693:
676:
662:
659:
650:
623:
606:
589:
568:ozarkodinids
565:
557:
554:
544:
527:
505:to the Late
484:
477:
469:
465:
453:
439:
424:
422:
418:sister group
414:chaetognaths
399:
383:
374:
363:
341:
322:
314:
307:
306:
297:
283:
261:Ozarkodinida
240:
228:
207:
40:
9634:Wikispecies
9454:Prioniodina
9370:Gyrognathus
9203:Erraticodon
9040:Meiognathus
8937:Complexodus
8885:Polygnathus
8864:Nicollidina
8843:Bispathodus
8816:Tripodellus
8781:Lagovilepis
8767:Kielcelepis
8691:Neolochriea
8599:Kashmirella
8585:Guanxidella
8571:Discretella
8496:Iowagnathus
8427:FIiognathus
8393:Quadralella
8351:Parapetella
8246:Hayashiella
8031:Gigantholus
8024:Eognathodus
8003:Cryptotaxis
7824:Ligonodinae
7785:Hindeodella
7771:Arcugnathus
7716:Hibbardella
7617:Lepognathus
7554:Neocoleodus
7383:Reutterodus
7362:Kailidontus
7341:Eocarniodus
7313:Cardiodella
7306:Astognathus
7211:Bryantodina
7142:Acanthodina
7012:Tricostatus
6963:Histiodella
6926:Nurrellidae
6859:Jablonnodus
6742:Birksfeldia
6610:Complexodus
6603:Birksfeldia
6589:Baltoniodus
6512:Diaphorodus
6495:Acodontidae
6373:Decoriconus
6315:Ventricodus
6074:Culumbodina
6041:Venoistodus
6034:Paroistodus
5885:Ulrichodina
5746:Kallidontus
5561:Caenodontus
5533:Tokognathus
5498:Belodellida
5451:Euconodonta
5366:Nogamiconus
5359:Muellerodus
5251:Diaphanodus
5104:Subphylum:
5000:lobe-finned
4926:Neopterygii
4912:Chondrostei
4848:Rhipidistia
4827:Lobe-finned
4777:Holocephali
4582:Osteostraci
4484:Hyperoartia
4329:Cathaymyrus
4297:Forerunners
3855:4 September
3784:Palaeoworld
3306:: 212–229.
3259:(10): 879.
2651:(1): 1–14.
2623:"Conodonts"
2081:Sweet, 1988
2059:Sweet, 1988
2028:Hass, 1959
1909:Clark, 1972
1881:Clark, 1972
1849:Sweet, 1981
1831:Sweet, 1988
1812:Sweet, 1988
1768:Sweet, 1988
1671:Nurrellidae
1626:Acodontidae
1550:Sweet, 1988
1487:Sweet, 1988
1476:Sweet, 1988
1450:Sweet, 1988
1446:Belodellida
1440:Sweet, 1988
1389:Tournaisian
1339:Polygnathus
1318:Polygnathus
947:cyclostomes
939:vertebrates
928:euconodonts
906:Milsom and
839:zooplankton
687:related to
649:Fossils of
372:, in 1856.
298:Euconodonta
191:Subphylum:
9720:Categories
9517:Chirodella
9475:Scotlandia
9433:Pluckidina
9391:Lagovidina
9349:Dyminodina
9342:Cornuramia
9335:Chirodella
9321:Bryantodus
9218:Oistodella
9110:Wapitiodus
8992:Ozarkodina
8836:Avignathus
8606:Mosherella
8523:Kockelella
8379:Primatella
8330:Nicoraella
8239:Gondolella
8135:Sweetodina
8121:Francodina
8052:Rhodalepis
7924:Pachysomia
7868:Lonchodina
7861:Ligonodina
7675:Hindeodina
7638:Ptiloconus
7631:Paibiconus
7376:Prioniodus
7225:Scyphiodus
7218:Plectodina
7191:Playfordia
7163:Phragmodus
7115:Pohlerodus
7051:Oelandodus
7005:Oleandodus
6977:Jumudontus
6852:Fungulodus
6776:Icriodella
6714:Distomodus
6652:Prioniodus
6631:Notiodella
6617:Icriodella
6483:Ansellidae
6476:Schopfodus
6294:Teridontus
6266:Scolopodus
6230:Planusodus
6194:Filodontus
6187:Eucharodus
6180:Drepanodus
6165:Aloxoconus
6102:Panderodus
6081:Naimanodus
5997:Drepanodus
5990:Distacodus
5948:Laiwunodus
5863:Kirkupodus
5856:Acanthodus
5826:Thrincodus
5810:Dapsilodus
5794:Besselodus
5704:Eodentatus
5690:Cordylodus
5627:Dapsilodus
5619:Besselodus
5508:Ansellidae
5352:Furnishina
5259:Dolabrodus
5220:Phakelodus
5212:Paibiconus
5205:Mongolodus
5182:Hagionella
5167:Gapparodus
5160:Ganloudina
5136:(Probably
5106:Vertebrata
4985:placoderms
4944:Ginglymodi
4878:Ray-finned
4843:Coelacanth
4688:Acanthodii
4625:Arthrodira
4610:Placoderms
4598:Jawed fish
4570:Galeaspida
4552:Thelodonti
4351:Haikouella
4342:Olfactores
4232:2009-07-07
4217:2013-07-01
4086:2007-09-05
3952:2015-12-30
3901:: 103325.
3836:: 103699.
3809:16 October
3682:2011-02-11
3587:Rigby, Sue
2958:2016-07-15
2899:Stable URL
2175:References
1954:Dzik, 2006
1900:Dzik, 1976
1693:Dzik, 2002
1666:Dzik, 2006
1630:Dzik, 1993
1620:Dzik, 1976
1455:Ansellidae
884:Affinities
872:Panderodus
786:Panderodus
721:Soom Shale
717:Ordovician
689:gastropods
677:Typhloesus
664:Typhloesus
652:Typhloesus
387:anglicized
333:group of
329:") are an
288:Eichenberg
221:Subgroups
195:Vertebrata
61:Hettangian
9726:Conodonts
9640:Conodonta
9610:Conodonta
9531:Ketinella
9301:Oepikodus
9238:Ellisonia
9013:Wurmiella
8978:Flajsella
8930:Carniodus
8795:Mesotaxis
8620:Smithodus
8461:Gnathodus
8372:Pridaella
8295:Misikella
8274:Mazzaella
8204:Borinella
8128:Planadina
8038:Gondwania
7876:Lonchodus
7806:Oncodella
7709:Elsonella
7575:Albiconus
7512:Hindeodus
7411:Nericodus
7299:Angulodus
7283:see below
7259:Polonodus
7093:Hamarodus
7028:see below
6749:Galerodus
6659:Promissum
6519:Nealeodus
6414:see below
6380:Macerodus
6366:Cornuodus
6301:Utahconus
6216:Oneotodus
6019:Nordiodus
5955:Nericodus
5913:Dasytodus
5802:Cristodus
5781:Conodonti
5753:Polonodus
5554:Belodella
5525:Hamarodus
5489:Cavidonti
5477:Conodonta
5457:see below
5440:Conodonta
5373:Proacodus
5345:Albiconus
5309:Trolmenia
5174:Glauderia
5092:Kingdom:
5082:Conodonts
5043:†extinct
4898:Cladistia
4655:Rhenanida
4619:Antiarchi
4524:Conodonta
4503:Conodonts
4141:0022-3360
3925:225005180
3804:246060690
3747:0027-8424
3629:(3): 405.
3465:248062641
3457:0094-8373
3336:134664744
3328:0031-0182
3281:0091-7613
3184:237769553
3176:2056-2799
2881:128496416
2789:: 36–43.
2735:131850219
2628:26 August
2621:MIRACLE.
2608:1477-2019
2418:0024-1164
2344:0024-1164
2232:3 January
2212:129519805
1538:Conodonti
1437:Cavidonti
1429:Conodonta
1354:Gnathodus
1327:Gnathodus
1302:unicornis
1281:unicornis
1237:cladistic
1035:Conodonti
1018:Cavidonti
1004:Conodonta
943:craniates
901:notochord
835:Promissum
823:occlusion
791:Promissum
774:notochord
743:Wisconsin
733:from the
715:from the
697:from the
681:digestive
461:agnathans
423:The 1981
391:latinized
342:Conodonta
308:Conodonts
241:Conodonti
229:Cavidonti
208:Conodonta
171:Kingdom:
165:Eukaryota
46:Conodonts
18:Conodonta
9664:42349189
9648:BioLib:
9619:Wikidata
9575:Category
9496:Veghella
9489:Uncadina
9245:Foliella
9210:Lumidens
9006:Tortodus
8434:Icriodus
8225:Conudina
8218:Clarkina
7965:Gothodus
7668:Coleodus
7149:Nordiora
7108:Periodon
6998:Oistodus
6936:Nurrella
6915:Wandelia
6817:Icriodus
6548:Tropodus
6541:Tripodus
6469:Rossodus
6067:Belodina
6027:Paltodus
5731:Dzikodus
5591:Stolodus
5584:Dvorakia
5100:Chordata
5098:Phylum:
5094:Animalia
4861:Lungfish
4806:Chimaera
4558:Anaspida
4357:Tunicate
4335:Lancelet
4153:Archived
4149:53395896
4104:Oxford,
4053:22803015
4045:10881388
4016:21237922
3878:: 1–560.
3765:30670644
3669:86599352
3496:89835464
3132:36126687
2846:53395896
2561:Archived
2557:53395896
2508:22803015
2500:10881388
2127:See also
1708:Rossodus
1419:Taxonomy
1329:texanus?
957:than to
955:lampreys
893:Chordata
780:. While
755:Triassic
749:site in
735:Silurian
707:Scotland
507:Triassic
503:Cambrian
350:Jurassic
346:Cambrian
272:Synonyms
185:Chordata
181:Phylum:
175:Animalia
161:Domain:
36:Cynodont
9698:ZooBank
9651:1159347
9625:Q586245
9585:Commons
9419:Oulodus
9356:Falodus
8857:Mehlina
8760:Dinodus
8302:Mockina
7910:Loxodus
7737:Roundya
7603:Gumella
7582:Belodus
7419:Pygodus
6790:Pedavis
6624:Lenodus
5818:Loxodus
5518:Ansella
5197:Kijacus
5016:Related
4949:Teleost
4489:Lamprey
4479:Hagfish
4165:Lethaia
3903:Bibcode
3838:Bibcode
3756:6369785
3725:Bibcode
3572:1598571
3552:Bibcode
3544:Science
3482:: 1–9.
3407:15 July
3390:Bibcode
3382:Geology
3308:Bibcode
3261:Bibcode
3253:Geology
3234:4342260
3214:Bibcode
3123:9489302
3066:Bibcode
3034:1692076
3013:Bibcode
2986:1302203
2925:1298905
2838:1303249
2791:Bibcode
2727:1306313
2680:Bibcode
2645:Lethaia
2398:Lethaia
2324:Lethaia
2302:2413175
1095:
1037:
951:hagfish
916:derived
897:chevron
827:pelagic
802:Ecology
776:or the
751:Ontario
747:Eramosa
685:mollusk
673:Montana
331:extinct
201:Class:
32:Conodon
6505:Acodus
4312:Pikaia
4212:Palæos
4147:
4139:
4067:
4051:
4043:
4014:
3923:
3802:
3763:
3753:
3745:
3667:
3597:
3570:
3494:
3463:
3455:
3359:
3334:
3326:
3279:
3232:
3206:Nature
3182:
3174:
3130:
3120:
3031:
2984:
2923:
2879:
2844:
2836:
2764:
2733:
2725:
2606:
2555:
2506:
2498:
2448:
2416:
2375:
2342:
2300:
2210:
1976:, 2017
1974:et al.
1895:Order
1826:Order
1615:Order
1545:Order
1482:Order
1444:Order
1427:Class
1306:6, 7.
1288:3, 4.
1263:detail
1091:
1033:
890:phylum
727:, and
548:primus
433:and a
431:phylum
290:, 1930
215:, 1856
213:Pander
9690:33816
9672:IRMNG
8985:Lanea
4968:Lists
4768:Shark
4156:(PDF)
4145:S2CID
4117:(PDF)
4049:S2CID
3921:S2CID
3800:S2CID
3676:(PDF)
3665:S2CID
3645:(PDF)
3619:(PDF)
3492:S2CID
3461:S2CID
3332:S2CID
3230:S2CID
3180:S2CID
3106:(9).
2982:JSTOR
2921:JSTOR
2877:S2CID
2842:S2CID
2834:JSTOR
2731:S2CID
2723:JSTOR
2564:(PDF)
2553:S2CID
2533:(PDF)
2504:S2CID
2298:JSTOR
2208:S2CID
908:Rigby
763:Japan
757:aged
737:aged
719:aged
701:aged
435:class
395:order
339:class
327:tooth
323:odont
321:", +
315:kĹŤnos
312:Greek
9677:1062
9565:List
5138:stem
4995:bony
4818:Bony
4282:Fish
4137:ISSN
4065:ISBN
4041:PMID
4012:PMID
3857:2022
3811:2022
3761:PMID
3743:ISSN
3697:link
3595:ISBN
3568:PMID
3453:ISSN
3409:2021
3357:ISBN
3324:ISSN
3277:ISSN
3172:ISSN
3128:PMID
2762:ISBN
2630:2014
2604:ISSN
2496:PMID
2446:ISBN
2414:ISSN
2373:ISBN
2340:ISSN
2250:and
2234:2019
1972:Liu
1369:14.
1360:13.
1351:12.
1345:11.
1336:10.
953:and
926:and
858:and
784:and
753:and
319:cone
68:Preęž’
9659:EoL
4763:Ray
4367:? (
4173:doi
4129:doi
4033:doi
4004:doi
3983:doi
3979:340
3911:doi
3899:195
3876:363
3846:doi
3834:220
3792:doi
3751:PMC
3733:doi
3721:116
3657:doi
3560:doi
3548:256
3523:doi
3484:doi
3443:doi
3398:doi
3316:doi
3304:524
3269:doi
3222:doi
3210:374
3164:doi
3118:PMC
3108:doi
3074:doi
3062:327
3029:PMC
3021:doi
3009:352
2869:doi
2826:doi
2799:doi
2787:431
2754:doi
2715:doi
2688:doi
2676:233
2653:doi
2596:doi
2545:doi
2488:doi
2406:doi
2332:doi
2290:doi
2200:doi
1374:sp.
1365:sp.
1356:sp.
1341:sp.
1324:9.
1320:sp.
1315:8.
1311:sp.
1297:5.
1293:sp.
1274:sp.
1269:1.
941:or
761:in
741:in
723:in
705:in
671:in
325:, "
317:, "
55:to
34:or
9722::
9700::
9687::
9674::
9661::
9636::
9621::
6356:?
5982:)?
5976:?
5133:?
4701:†"
4376:,
4210:.
4194:.
4167:.
4151:.
4143:.
4135:.
4125:75
4123:.
4119:.
4079:.
4047:.
4039:.
4029:75
4027:.
4010:.
4000:11
3998:.
3977:.
3919:.
3909:.
3897:.
3893:.
3874:.
3844:.
3832:.
3828:.
3798:.
3788:31
3786:.
3782:.
3759:.
3749:.
3741:.
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