1306:
8836:
2061:
2093:(1890) drew significantly from Olaus's work and even quoted the Swede's description of the horned whale. But he identified the kraken as a cephalopod and devoted much space on Pliny's and Olaus's descriptions of the giant "polypus", noting that Olaus had represented the kraken-polypus as a crayfish or lobster in his illustrations, and even reproducing the images from both Olaus's book and his map. In Olaus book, the giant lobster illustration is uncaptioned, but appears right above the words "De Polypis (on the octopus)", which is the chapter heading. Hery Lee was also of the opinion that the multi-legged lobster was a misrepresentation of a reported cephalopod attack on a ship.
1705:
1337:
2017:
2038:
1768:
50:
2924:... He stays at the sea floor, constantly surrounded by innumerable small fishes, who serve as his food and are fed by him in return: for his meal, (if I remember correctly what E. Pontoppidan writes,) lasts no longer than three months, and another three are then needed to digest it. His excrements nurture in the following an army of lesser fish, and for this reason, fishermen plumb after his resting place ... Gradually, Kraken ascends to the surface, and when he is at ten to twelve
856:
1948:
2131:
839:. Then you can assume that the kraken lurks down there; as it is he who forms the artificial elevation of the bottom and by his secretions attracts fish there. But if those fishing notices that the kraken is rising, it is necessary to row away for all the boat can take. After a few minutes, the beast can then be seen lifting the upper part of its body above the surface of the water, which for a quarter of a mile (ca 1.5 mi.) in circumference appears as a collection of
2244:
76:
460:
107:
1462:
1229:(1752, actually volume 2, 1753) made several claims regarding kraken, including the notion that the creature was sometimes mistaken for a group of small islands with fish swimming in-between, Norwegian fishermen often took the risk of trying to fish over kraken, since the catch was so plentiful (hence the saying "You must have fished on Kraken").
1675:, France. Based on that picture, Montfort drew a "colossal octopus" attacking a ship, and included the engraving in his book. However, an English author recapitulating Montfort's account of it attaches an illustration of it, which was captioned: "The Kraken supposed a sepia or cuttlefish", while attributing Montfort.
1009:
According to his
Norwegian informants, the kraken's body measured many miles in length, and when it surfaced it seemed to cover the whole sea, and "having many heads and a number of claws". With its claws it captured its prey, which included ships, men, fish, and animals, carrying its victims back
3003:
nickname as literally 'stinkard' for the octopus on account of its reek is given in the side-by-sidy translation by
Gerhardt. The polypus of Carteia tract, is thus given, but the Latin quoted by Pontoppidan "Namque et afflatu terribli canes agebat..." is blanked Gerhardt and only given in modern
1716:
Having accepted as fact that a colossal octopus was capable of dragging a ship down, Montfort made a more daring hypothesis. He attempted to blame colossal octopuses for the loss of ten warships under
British control in 1782, including six captured French men-of-war. The disaster began with the
1965:
Whereas the kraken was described by Egede as having "many Heads and a Number of Claws", the creature is also depicted to have spikes or horns, at least in illustrations of creatures which commentators have conjectured to be krakens. The "bearded whale" shown on an early map (pictured above) is
1538:
In the end though, Pontoppidan again appears ambivalent, stating "Polype, or Star-fish the whole genus of Kors-Trold , ... some that are much larger, .. even the very largest ... of the ocean", and concluding that "this Krake must be of the
Polypus kind". By "this Krake" here, he
2210:
became established in
Western culture as an archetype for the kraken. As the kraken became understood as a giant octopus, it was also easy to start interpreting the large squid as the model for kraken stories. However, it was not until the late 19th century that such interpretations became
843:, covered with swaying, seaweed-like growths. Finally, a few shining tentacles rise up in the air, increasingly thicker at the bottom, which can even appear as high as ship's masts. After a while, the kraken gives in to sinking again, and you then have to be careful not to run into the
1031:'), but if they ever had the misfortune to capture the kraken, getting it entangled on their hooks, the only way to avoid destruction was to pronounce its name to make it go back to its depths. Egede also wrote that the krake fell under the general category of "sea spectre" (
1730:
But it has been pointed out the sinkings have simply been explained by the presence of a storm, and there appeared a surviving witness that stated they ran into a hurricane. Montfort's involving octopuses as complicit has been characterized as "reckless falsity".
1982:
Olaus gives description of a whale with two elongated teeth ("like a boar's or elephant's tusk") to protect its huge eyes, which "sprouts horns", and although these are as hard as horn, they can be made supple also. But the tusked form was named "swine-whale"
1693:, which means "octopus" to this day; meanwhile the English-speaking naturalists had developed the convention of calling the octopus "eight-armed cuttle-fish", as did Packard and Hamilton, even though modern-day speakers are probably unfamiliar with that name.
7307:, "Chapter: The Great Sea Serpent", p. 58: "From the crude image of a lobster having eight minor claws.. the transition is not great; and I believe that this also is a pictorial misrepresentation of a casualty by the attack of a calamary above described, .."
955:(1801) published on two giants, the "colossal octopus" with the enduring image of it attacking a ship, and the "kraken octopod", deemed to be the largest organism in zoology. Denys-Montfort matched his "colossal" with Pliny's tale of the giant
1959:, Denys-Montfort's engraving of the "colossal octopus" is often shown, though this differs from the kraken according to the French malacologist, and commentators are found characterizing the ship attack representing the "kraken octopod".
5687:
the Kraken ... with his many large horns or branches, as it were springing up from its body, which is round ... Both these descriptions confirm my former suppositions, namely, that this Sea-animal belongs to the Polype or
483:
Kraken is assumed to have been named figuratively after the meaning âcrooked treeâ or its derivate meaning âdragâ, as trunks with crooked branches or outgrowths, and especially drags, wooden or not, readily conjure up the image of a
7133:
Cosmographiae vniuersalis lib. 6. in quibus iuxta certioris fidei scriptores, sine omni cuiuscumque molestia, uel laesione, describuntur. Omnium habitabilis orbis partium situs propriaeque dotes. Regionum topographicae picturae.
384:
thus roughly translate to "crookie"). With time, "krake" have come to mean any severed tree stem or trunk with crooked outgrowths, in turn giving name to objects and tools based on such, notably for the subject matter, primitive
1598:
Whereas the "kraken octopus", was the most gigantic animal on the planet in the writer's estimation, dwarfing Pliny's "colossal octopus"/"monstrous polypus", and identified here as the aforementioned Pliny's monster, called the
4124:'s "Monstra Marina" and confusingly states that MĂŒnster's key "D" "repeats Olaus's key", but by visual comparison it is unmistakable that the two beasts in question are the two beasts labeled "B" in Olaus's map (shown in the
7338:: Totius tabulae indicem partemque regnorum Anglie Scotie et Hollandie demonstrat" is the entire text. There is no description here of the lobster-like monster labeled "M" in the map, unlike other beasts which are described.
5265:
It is the kraken, the so - called crabfish, which is said to visit these waters occasionally . It is not large since, even including the head and the tail, it is not reckoned to be any longer than our island of Ăland off
1726:
which was then swallowed up by parting waves, and the other ships coming to aid shared the same fate. He proposed, by process of elimination, that such an event could only be accounted for as the work of many octopuses.
1752:
on course from Lisbon to New York in 1813 logged a sighting of a marine animal spotted afloat at sea. It was claimed to be 60 m (200 feet) in length, covered in shells, and had many birds alighted upon it.
918:(octopus). Still, the bishop is considered to have been instrumental in sparking interest for the kraken in the English-speaking world, as well as becoming regarded as the authority on sea-serpents and krakens.
1974:, County Kerry, Ireland, thought to be a giant cephalopod, of which there was a picture/painting made by the discoverer. He made a travelling show of his work on canvas, as introduced in a book on the kraken.
1913:
as "eight-armed cuttlefish" (we call it octopus today), and documented reported cases in the Indian isles where specimen grow to 2 fathoms wide, "and each arms 9 fathoms long". This was added as a species
3056:"Meer=Trauben" already appeared in the 1740 Latin-German edition. The 9th edition of 1956, which is said to be the same as the 6th edition, also leaves a blanc instead of adding the French vernacular name.
4296:. p. 48: "Det 3die Monstrum, kaldet Havgufa som det allerforunderligte, veed Autor ikke ret at beskrive" p. 49: " af dennem kaldes Kraken, og er uden Tvil den self jamm; som IslĂŠnderne kalde Havgufa";
3004:
English, "were pitted against something uncanny, for by its awful breath it tormented the dogs, which it now scourged with the ends of its tentacles".. because it represents an interpolation by Pliny.
6130:: "..for it struggles with him by coiling round him and it swallows him with sucker-cups and drags him asunder by its multiple suction, when it attacks men that have been shipwrecked or are diving".
5210:
Min son pÄ galejan, eller en ostindisk resa innehÄllande allehanda blÀckhornskram, samlade pÄ skeppet
Finland, som afseglade ifrÄn Götheborg i Dec. 1769, och Äterkom dersammastÀdes i Junii 1771
2356:
Although fictional and the subject of myth, the legend of the Kraken continues to the present day, with numerous references in film, literature, television, and other popular culture topics.
6983:, p. 311 also remarks on the pictorial representation of the kraken to "the giant Cephalopods embracing a tall ship in his huge arms, aiming to swallow it", though the work cited is
2114:, one of whose adventures was the landing of the crew on an island-sized monstrous fish, as depicted in a 17th century engraving (cf. figure right); and this monstrous fish, according to
1305:
1898:(1735). Figuier's mistake has been pointed out, and Linnaeus never represented the kraken as such a cephalopod. Nevertheless, the error has been perpetuated by even modern-day writers.
2683:
Pontopoppidan's "Soe-draulen, Soe-trolden, Sea-mischief" has been frequently requoted, but these terms can be deferred to Egede's explanation (discussed further, below) that employs
2190:, however, natural historians and others interested in the study of nature began to look for an explanation for it among marine animals in the 18th century. Among other species,
1445:, who thought it absurd these could be young "Kraken" since that would mean the seas would be full of (the adults). The "Medusa's heads" appear to be a Gorgonocephalid, with
7730:
2003:, who observed it possessed a "starry beard" around the upper and lower jaws. At least one or two writers have suggested this might represent the kraken of Norwegian lore.
2546:
was formerly the genus that octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish (cephalopods) were all assigned to. Thus "eight-armed cuttle-fish" became the standardized name for "octopus".
261:
genus (an animal with various other organisms or growths attached to it, comprising a colony). Subsequent authors have referred to
Linnaeus's writing, and the writings of
1678:
Hamilton's book was not alone in recontextualizing
Montfort's ship-assaulting colossal octopus as a kraken; for instance, the piece on the "kraken" by American zoologist
1667:
It is in his chapter on the "colossal octopus" that
Montfort provides the contemporary eyewitness example of a group of sailors who encounter the giant off the coast of
1250:
Kraken purportedly exclusively fed for several months, then spent the following few months emptying its excrement, and the thickened clouded water attracted fish. Later
2211:
widespread. As Latva points out, the giant squid is not the archetype of the mythical kraken, but was made into one just over 100 years ago in the late 19th century.
7981:
7701:
8515:
7175:
p. 244. Ashton continues the discussion on pp. 262â263 using the reproduction of Olaus's woodcut, the sameâexcept for bearing no captionâ as fig. right, from Lee's
6984:
2809:, a pretended phantom", but that reference is wanting in the Danish original. It was already noted that the original wording localizes the legend specifically to
3113:
See the black and white woodcut reprodcution, Fig., right (Actually from Lee (1883), a different book; the same picture, without caption appears in the 1890 book.
1156:
in some scholarly writings, and if this equivalence were allowed, the kraken-hafgufa's range would extend, at least legendarily, to waters approaching
Helluland (
4083:
monstra duo marina maxima vnum dentibus truculentum, alterum cornibus et visu flammeo horrendum / Cuius oculi circumferentia XVI vel XX pedum mensuram continet
2421:
2231:
and his spouse Dianna Schulte McMenamin claimed that an ancient, giant cephalopod resembling the legendary kraken caused the deaths of ichthyosaurs during the
8835:
7589:
McMenamin, M. A. S.; McMenamin, Dianna Schulte (2013). "The Kraken's back: New evidence regarding possible cephalopod arrangement of ichthyosaur skeletons".
2182:, has pointed out that giant squid did not become widely associated with the myth of the kraken in Western culture until the late 19th century. In his book
2427:
1422:
and thus made eight-armed) seems like an octopus at first blush but with additional data, the ophiurid starfish now appears bishop's preferential choice.
5191:: "In other words, Pontoppidan imagines the kraken as a kind of giant crab, although he, too, allows that the animal is largely unwitnessed and unknown.
4421:, p. 594: "Der norwegische Bischoff Pontoppidan ist der erster, welcher uns einer umstÀndliche und deutsche Nachricht von diesem Seethier gegeben hat".
8949:
5839:'s prime candidate for the proper name of "Shetland Argus", which he thought may be unreliably referred to by Linnaeus and Pontoppidan by the name of
3437:
3039:, but as a piece of marginalia, he notes these sources were also given in Linnaeus's 1733 lectures. The lecture was preserved in the Notes taken by
2620:) is assumed to be figuratively derived from the animal of the same name, as both shares the nature of crawling on the sea bed. The word stems from
7610:"A Late Triassic Nuculanoid Clam (Bivalvia: Nuculanoidea) and Associated Mollusks: Implications for Luning Formation (Nevada, USA) Paleobathymetry"
3850:
8939:
2928:
below, the boats had better move out of his vicinity, as he will shortly thereafter burst up, like a floating island, gushing out currnts like at
7555:
4712:
The History of Greenland: Including an Account of the Mission Carried on by the United Brethren in that Country. From the German of David Crantz
2171:
and published in science by Professor A. E. Verrill, commentators have remarked on this cephalopod as possibly explaining the legendary kraken.
910:(1753), who popularized the kraken to the world, noted that it was multiple-armed according to lore, and conjectured it to be a giant sea-crab,
2416:
2290:
2249:
2758:
The two are changing forms of just one beast, which has both tusks and protrusible horns to protect its large eyes, according to Olaus's book.
8954:
8311:
8110:
7868:
7775:
7502:
7108:
7079:
6746:
4891:
4817:
4759:
4551:
3755:
4367:, p. 56: "Nineteenth-century English interest in the Kraken stems from Linnaeus's discussion of the creature in the first edition of
1433:) are considered to be "the young of the great sea-krake" by local lore. Pontoppidan ventured the 'young krakens' may rather be the eggs (
456:
as "thin rod with hook on it", "wooden drag with stone sinker" and "dry spruce trunk with the crooked, stripped branches still attached".
2916:
Kraken, also called the crab-fish, which is not that huge, for heads and tails counted, he is reckoned not to overtake the length of our
8508:
4434:
2320:
6662:"Observationes Franisci Redi circa animalia viventia, quae reperiuntur in animalibus viventibus. Florentiae apud P. Batini 1684 in 4to"
859:
Two monsters, the ferocious toothed "swine whale", and the horned, flashy-eyed "bearded whale" on Olaus's map, given specific names by
8176:. London: Printed for C. Hitch in Pater-noster Row; S. Austen in Newgate-Street; and J. Jackson near St. James's Gate. pp. 86â87.
8131:. Histoire naturelle : gĂ©nĂ©rale et particuliĂšre 102 (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie de F. Dufart. pp. 256â412.
8174:
A description of Greenland : Shewing the natural history, situation, boundaries and face of the country, the nature of the soil;
4617:
Den sier at med ekte troll forstÄes : a ) jutuler og riser, b ) gjengangere og spÞkelser, - c ) nisser og dverger, d ) bergtroll
2932:, his dreadful nostrils and making an ever-expanding ring of whirlpool, reaching many miles around. Could one doubt that this is the
8944:
7914:
7824:
6882:
5258:
5070:
4247:
4220:
4191:
3315:
2060:
1722:
1523:
759:
and beaters (cooking), made from the tops of trees by keeping a row of twigs as the beating element, resembling the appearance of a
8461:
1935:
1704:
1360:
However, further down in his writing, compares the creature to some creature(s) from Pliny, Book IX, Ch. 4: the sea-monster called
8485:
8290:. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, No. 1. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University Press.
7742:
1285:
However, what Pontoppidan actually stated regarding what creatures he regarded as candidates for the kraken is quite complicated.
6524:
Corpus variis heterogeneis tectum. Microcosmus marinus. Der Leib ist mit verschiedenen fremden Theilchen bedeckt. Die meer=Traube
5927:
5866:
5366:
5296:
4107:. Gesnerus redivivus auctus & emendatus, oder: Allgemeines Thier-Buch 4. Frankfurt-am-Main: Wilhelm Serlin. pp. 124â125.
1962:
And after Denys-Monfort's illustration, various publishers produced similar illustrations depicting the kraken attacking a ship.
1213:(squid/octopus), as discussed earlier, expressed his skepticism towards the standing notion that the kraken originated from the
6949:
4460:. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of Ethnology: Miscellaneous publications 2. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 226â227.
4266:
4032:
2384:
2379:
2186:, he suggests that the kraken may not even have originated from an animal sighting. Influenced by Enlightenment ideals and the
2108:
adds that this section of the map extends from Ireland to the "Insula Fortunata". This "Fortunate Island" was a destination on
1865:
900:
The kraken was described as a many-headed and clawed creature by Egede (1741), who stated it was equivalent to the Icelanders'
882:
194:
5805:
Heuvelmans refers to "Gorgon's head", which conservatively speaking refers to family Gorgonocephalidae, but there is also the
1274:
like a snail/slug with the use of these "arms", but got lodged in the landscape during the process. 20th century malacologist
1243:
Pontoppidan also described the destructive potential of the giant beast: "it is said that if were to lay hold of the largest
8501:
941:"The First Attempt at Natural History of Norway" (1752â53), a German source qualified Pontoppidan to be the first source on
4277:
Sciu-crak Ăš chiamato un pesce di smisurata grandezza, di figura piana, rotonda, con molte corna o braccia alle sue estremitĂ
3026:, but this reading occurs in the Latin-Swedish 6th edition of 1748. Whereas the 2nd edition has "testa" instead of "tegmen".
1336:
1266:
Pontoppidan wrote of a possible specimen of the krake, "perhaps a young and careless one", which washed ashore and died at
8138:
7989:
7008:"Notice of a gigantic Cephalopod (Dinoteuthis proboscideus) which was stranded at Dingle, in Kerry, two hundred years ago"
1021:
According to the lore of Norwegian fishermen, they could mount upon the fish-attracting kraken as if it were a sand-bank (
8244:, The Naturalist's Library 25 (Mammalia 11), Lizars, W. H. 1788â1859, engraver, Edinburgh: W. H. Lizars, pp. 327â336
8169:
7906:
Jules Verne's Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea: The Definitive Unabridged Edition Based on the Original French Texts
7390:
The "Insula Fortunate" is situated next to St. Brendan's in the engraving in Caspar Plautius's book (1621), engraved by
5229:
army may be able to haul a specimen if one could be obtained is curtailed in the Stockholm: A. G. Hellsten, 1836 edition
732:, a word for a branchy/spiny piece of wood, have given name to a variety of sea dwelling plants in Swedish, most notably
8425:—— (1755). "Ch. 8. Sect. 11. Kraken, or Korven , the largest creature in the world /Sect. 12. Description".
8237:
8011:
7706:
5244:
5201:
2904:
1735:
1364:, with tree-branch like multiple arms, complicated by the fact that Pontoppidan adds another of Pliny's creature called
6637:
1929:
The trail stemming from Linnaeus, eventually leading to such pieces on the kraken written in English by the naturalist
7738:
5890:
2975:
2016:
5587:. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington, 21. Victoria University of Wellington. pp. 2, 40.
2086:(1539). Modern writers have since tried to interpret various sea creatures illustrated as a portrayal of the kraken.
823:) from the coast on a hot summer's day in a calm, and according to normal calculations should find a depth of 80â100
4046:
3144:
2653:
Pontoppidan of course wrote in Danish, the standard literary language for Norwegians at the time, though words like
1018:, but as he had not obtained anything related to him through an informant, he had difficulty describing the latter.
831:
bottoms at 20â30 fathoms (35â50 metres (115â164 ft) deep). But in this water stand the most abundant shoals of
106:
8374:
5487:
4662:
3044:
2629:
5813:
4608:
4335:... The whale as an island was, of course, known from the Saga of St. Brandan, but there it was called Jaskonius".
1312:
1079:
of the Icelanders, though he seemed to have obtained the information indirectly from medieval Norwegian work, the
959:
that attacked ships-wrecked people, while making correspondence between his kraken and Pliny's monster called the
7461:
6902:
6868:
6156:
5820:
2351:
1671:, who afterwards deposited a pictorial commemoration of the event as a votive offering at St. Thomas's chapel in
1319:
186:
3576:
2037:
8452:
8187:"Das 6te Capitel: von denen Thieren, Fischen, Vögeln, u.s.f. welche sich in denem GrönlÀndischen Meeren finden"
8120:
6482:
6253:
5831:
5230:
2899:
2203:
1930:
1607:
1563:
1368:
with eight arms, and conflates them into one organism. Pontoppidan is suggesting this is an ancient example of
952:
741:
274:
223:
86:
8340:
The Medical Repository (And Review Of American Publications On Medicine, Surgery And The Auxiliary Of Science)
6706:
4254:
Before Pontoppidan, the same " Krake " had been taken very seriously by the Italian traveler, Francesco Negri
6122:
5582:
5394:
3830:
3123:
2711:
is defined more specifically as a being associated with sea or water in modern Norwegian dictionaries. The "
2405:
2296:
2140:
2110:
1939:
in 1818 sparked an awareness of the kraken among 19th century English, hence Tennyson's poem, "The Kraken".
1712:
sighting. 60-metre (200 ft) creature allegedly seen afloat in 1813, depicted as octopus by a naturalist
733:
281:
as "krakens". That said, the claim that Linnaeus used the word "kraken" in the margin of a later edition of
226:, of the 19th century, is also known for his pioneering inquiries into the existence of gigantic octopuses (
90:
31:
8413:
8351:
8186:
8090:
Nova acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae naturae curiosorum exhibentia ephemerides
6909:
was present in the first edition, concluding therefore it was removed by the time a later edition appeared.
5730:, p. 124: "From the vague description given by the fishermen, it was just as legitimate to see in the
5205:
4786:
4743:
3743:
1767:
1437:) of the starfish. Pontopiddan was satisfied that "Medusa's heads" was the same as the foregoing starfish (
8331:
8254:
8178:
8081:
7147:
7003:
3243:
3139:
3040:
2569:
2436:
2370:
2145:
1756:
1679:
1633:
1442:
1251:
934:
476:
211:
of medieval lore. However, the first description of the creature is usually credited to the Danish bishop
95:
8287:
Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College: OphiuridÊ and AstrophytidÊ
8157:
7378:
5645:
which occur in northern Europe according to Lyman, all of which are given modern accepted assignments as
1500:
1189:
8959:
8436:
5530:
is 'octopus' and glossed thus by Heuvelmans, but since Pontoppidan resorts to variant spellings such as
3555:
2157:
4173:
3376:, p. 147: "The hand-colored woodcut is a reproduction of art in the Church of St. Malo in France".
8247:
7213:
6420:
Histoire naturelle générale et particuliÚre des Céphalopodes acétabulifÚres vivants et fossiles: Texte
6346:
Packard: "Denys Montfort took the cue, and.. represented a "kraken octopod" in the act of scuttling a
6335:
3285:
2572:
to comment that "Linnaeus considered the Kraken as a real existence", publishing it under Microcosmus.
8747:
8347:
8191:
Herrn Hans Egede, MiĂionĂ€rs und Bischofes in Grönland, Beschreibung und Natur-Geschichte von Grönland
8047:
7621:
7124:
6959:
6923:
6288:
5915:
5854:
5836:
5390:
5354:
5284:
4121:
2833:
2810:
2637:
1849:
1505:
1425:
The ophiurid starfish seems further fortified when he notes that "starfish" called "Medusa's heads" (
1346:
996:
368:, which gives essentially the exact same description for the word in Swedish and confirming the lead
8250:: "The Kraken supposed a sepia or cuttle fish (from Denys Montfort)", p. 326a via Biodiversity.
8212:
7567:
7128:
5627:
genus which now admits only a single New World species. One genus that would be applicable would be
4836:
2805:
Reference to the sea spectre ("phantom") was added in the English margin header: "A Norway Tale of
1194:
436:
219:(polypus) of tremendous size, and wrote that it had a reputation for pulling down ships. The French
8816:
8149:"Kap. VI. Hvad Slags Diur, Fiske og Fugle den GrÞnlandske SÞe giver af sig etc. / § Andre SÞe-Diur"
7900:
7556:"Triassic Kraken: The Berlin Ichthyosaur Death Assemblage Interpreted as a Giant Cephalopod Midden"
6468:
by the French, and which was neither the cuttlefish which have scales, nor squid which have plated.
6411:
5470:
5176:
4778:
2966:
2448:
2411:
2130:
1288:
Pontoppidan did tentatively identify the kraken to be a sort of giant crab, stating that the alias
1271:
893:
as a massive "fish" which was many-horned or many-armed. The author also distinguished this from a
768:
548:) and conjectured that this name was suggested by the inkfish's action of seeming to plow the sea.
49:
8426:
8405:
8258:
7519:
6543:
5967:
5248:
5145:
4840:
4102:
3415:
3340:
1759:
reported this, and referencing Montfort's kraken, reproduced an illustration of it as an octopus.
1100:
855:
694:
8902:
8281:
7839:
7795:
7657:
7439:
7360:
7151:
6732:
6684:
6519:
6415:
6160:
6049:
5697:
5415:
5332:
5164:
4782:
4751:
4397:
4071:"Die Ă€chte Karte des Olaus Magnus vom Jahre 1539 nach dem Exemplar de MĂŒnchener Staatsbibliothek"
4070:
3259:
3088:
2621:
2581:
2432:
2269:
1889:
945:
available to be read in the German language. A description of the kraken had been anticipated by
922:
748:
709:
432:
296:
156:
82:
8414:"Kap. 8. §11. Kraken oder Horven, das gröĂte Thier in der Welt /12. Beschreibung dieses Thieres"
6989:
6262:
Miscellanea curiosa sive Ephemeridum medico -physicarum germanicarum AcademiĂŠ naturae curiosorum
6033:
4239:
Northern Antiquities in French Learning and Literature (1755-1855): A Study in Preromantic Ideas
2175:
1738:: "If my entangled ship is accepted, I will make my 'colossal poulpe' overthrow a whole fleet".
1162:
8367:
Deutsche EncyclopĂ€die oder Allgemeines Real-Wörterbuch aller KĂŒnste und Wissenschaften: Ko-Kraz
8202:
7857:"The Colonial Idol, the Animalistic, and the New Woman in the Imperial Gothic of Richard Marsh"
7007:
6850:, p. 118, note 2: "..incorrectly claimed, following Louis Figuier (1860) and later Alfred
6712:
6582:
6549:
6037:
6021:
2978:
claimed was one of the species that Scandinavian naturalists considered kraken's children. But
397:) made from severed spruce tops or branchy bush trunks outfitted with a stone sinker, known as
8823:
8470:
8456:
8440:
8392:
8378:
8362:
8335:
8319:
8307:
8269:
8242:
Amphibious carnivora, including the Walrus and Seals, also of the Herbivorous Cetacea, &c.
8233:
8198:
8124:
8106:
8085:
8071:
7966:
7910:
7904:
7864:
7856:
7820:
7771:
7680:
7639:
7498:
7465:
7443:
7320:
7104:
7096:
7075:
7050:
6878:
6872:
6832:
6742:
6645:
6615:
5670:
5511:
5491:
5254:
5226:
5066:
5014:
4887:
4813:
4805:
4755:
4718:
4710:
4666:
4571:
4547:
4539:
4455:
4438:
4270:
4243:
4216:
4208:
4187:
4146:
4042:
4002:
3976:
3950:
3899:
3751:
3618:
3592:
3547:
3516:
3490:
3464:
3311:
2508:
2328:
2187:
2122:, which has already been discussed above as one of the creatures of lore equated with kraken.
1868:. It is true that the 7th edition of 1748, which adds German vernacular names, identifies the
1392:
1206:
820:
521:
492:
307:
8400:
8285:
8148:
8098:
7812:
7765:
7350:, p. 12, note 5: "..Die geogr. LĂ€nge beginnt bald bei Irland, bald bei den Inseln "Fortunate"
7197:
7069:
6766:
6736:
6661:
6576:
6509:
6292:
6257:
4881:
4812:, translated by Somerville, Angus A. (3 ed.), University of Toronto Press, p. 308,
4401:
4304:.. the Author does not well know ow to describe.. he never had any relation of it." p. 87: "
4237:
3834:
3704:
3247:
3212:
1490:
1441:
of old), but "Medusa's heads" were something found ashore aplenty across Norway according to
8695:
8679:
8601:
8551:
8388:
8300:
7672:
7629:
7527:
7490:
6611:
6041:
4183:
3305:
2891:
2725:
2589:
2365:
2243:
2115:
2100:
in Olaus's map fails to clarify on the lobster-like monster "M", depicted off the island of
1947:
1816:
1718:
1085:
930:
907:
774:
663:
556:
357:
262:
212:
129:
7930:
5893:
summarized on what the "Northern Naturalist consider.. the young of the Kraken", and added
5019:
EncyclopĂŠdia Perthensis; or Universal Dictionary of the Arts, Sciences, Literature, &c.
2853:
Bushnell speaks of Icelandic literature (in the 13th century) also, but strictly speaking,
1606:
Montfort also listed additional wondrous fauna as identifiable with the kraken. There was
1270:, Norway, in 1680. He observed that it had long "arms", and guessed that it must have been
8918:
8897:
8652:
8524:
8297:
Dynamic Paleontology: Using Quantification and Other Tools to Decipher the History of Life
7956:
7391:
5807:
5766:
5629:
5038:
3883:
3066:
2796:. Ruickbie quoted Egede's footnote, but decided to place it under his entry for "Hafgufa".
2792:" witnessed in the Colonies (Greenland), but ignored the footnote which tells much on the
2462:
Two features on the surfaces of other celestial objects have been named after the Kraken.
2444:
2333:
2277:
1992:
1984:
1926:, together with the account of the 9-fathom-long (16 m; 54 ft) armed octopuses.
1873:
1781:
1615:
1574:
1447:
1397:
1048:
1032:
726:
671:
560:
373:
365:
283:
251:'s depiction of the kraken, although Verne did not distinguish between squid and octopus.
7103:. David Matthews, Anke Bernau, James Paz. University of Chicago Press. pp. 145â146.
6022:"Knowledge in decline: Ancient and medieval information on "ink-fishes" and their habits"
4877:
4567:
2815:
1001:
8170:"Ch. 6. Of the Greenland Sea Animals, and Sea Fowl and Fishes / § Of other Sea Animals"
8051:
8038:
7625:
1970:
below). Also, there was an alleged two-headed and horned monster that beached ashore in
8040:
Triton's Surface Age and Impactor Population Revisited (Evidence for an Internal Ocean)
6931:
6657:
6633:
6297:. Stockholm: Kungliga Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & Söner. pp. 20â21, note 2.
5701:
5507:
4604:
4098:
4028:
3208:
3131:
2929:
2617:
2393:
2388:
2281:
2228:
2220:
1919:
1906:
1864:), but such Swedish text is wanting on this particular entry, e.g. in the copy held by
1832:
1790:
1578:
1407:
1380:
860:
679:
632:
464:
394:
198:
112:
7450:. The Nature Library 15. Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 456â458.
6424:: "Si nous Poulpe Colossal est admis, Ă la seconde Ă©dition je lui ferai renverser une
2202:
and shelled marine molluscs were suggested as models for the kraken. It was not until
1328:), possibly Linnaeus's "Medusa's head"? according to Lyman; native to the North Sea.
8933:
6919:
6772:
6762:
6702:
6572:
6539:
6505:
6488:
6478:
6127:
4774:
3301:
2921:
2840:
contains a detailed digression about whales and seals in the seas around Iceland and
2491:
2478:
2456:
2399:
2374:
2000:
1887:
in 1860 misstated that Linnaeus included in his classification a cephalopod called "
1884:
1776:
1157:
1145:
577:
541:
254:
178:. It is believed that the legend of the Kraken may have originated from sightings of
8207:. Vol. 2. ReykjavĂk: I kommission i den Gyldendalske boghandel, Nordisk forlag.
8134:
7484:
7365:"Zemes Idolum Diabolicum: Surprise and success in Ethnographic Kunstkammer Research"
6953:
4150:
sixteenth-century Carta Marina is replete with imagery of krakens.. (See Figure 3.)"
3020:
1801:
8879:
7046:
6897:
The notion that Linnaeus mentioned the kraken in 1735 has been taken to be fact by
6828:
6347:
5141:
4535:
4487:
4165:
4074:
4066:
2483:
2473:
2468:, a major sea of liquid ethane and methane, is the largest known body of liquid on
2360:
2235:
Period. However, this theory has been met with criticisms by multiple researchers.
2225:
2168:
2097:
2082:
2073:
1592:
1560:
1275:
1237:
865:
441:
220:
60:
8399:(in Danish). Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Berlingske Arvingers Bogtrykkerie. pp.
6294:
On the Species of Echinoidea Described by Linnaeus in His Museum Ludovicae Ulricae
5692:
species ... It seems to be of that Polypus kind which is called by the Dutch
3307:
JThe Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness
688:
75:
8216:
8161:
7448:
The Shell Book: a popular guide to a knowledge of the families of living mollusks
4963:
4962:
BringsvĂŠrd, T.A. (1970). The Kraken: A slimy giant at the bottom of the sea. In:
1042:
511:, the monster went under a variety of names early on, the second to kraken being
8809:
8782:
8729:
8573:
8304:
7896:
7791:
7634:
7609:
5623:
4169:
3023:
2937:
2742:
2503:
2464:
2301:
2285:
2261:
2254:
2179:
2149:
1956:
1861:
1647:
1624:
1279:
1182:
suggests a garbled eyewitness account of what was actually a whale, at least to
894:
836:
805:
700:
518:
489:
248:
234:
179:
159:
5253:, Peter J. Graves (tr.), Chester Springs, PA: Dufour Editions, pp. 56â58,
4706:
3157:
Iona is of course associated with the Irish saints, Columcille and St. Brendan.
1105:
435:, meaning, among other things, "twig" and "drag", but also "pole/stake used in
8852:
8738:
8711:
8688:
8661:
8629:
8585:
8568:
8420:(in German). Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Franz Christian Mumme. pp. 394â400.
8144:
6639:
Osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi
3093:
3035:
LĂłven indicates that these sources appeared in print in the second edition of
2199:
1672:
1587:) shipwrecked people and divers. Montfort accompanied his publication with an
1583:
1244:
984:
946:
781:
760:
485:
202:
167:
56:
7643:
4494:
county, but includes the counties that lies farther north. Egede was born in
4457:
Proof-sheets of a Bibliography of the Languages of the North American Indians
3888:.. krake, hvilken nongle SĂže-fokl ogsaa kalde SĂže-Draulen, det er SĂže-Trolden
3577:
https://books.google.com/books?id=ne9fAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA354&q=kraki+kraki
2542:
Caption: "The Kraken, supposed a sepia or cuttlefish from Denys Montford" ".
1209:(1920) having arrived at the opinion that the kraken probably represented an
755:), meaning crooked piece of wood, which has given name to primitive forms of
488:
or similar. This idea seems to first have been notably remarked by Icelandic
8766:
8620:
8578:
8393:"Kap. 8. §11. Kraken eller Horven det stÞrste dyr i Verden /§12Beskrivelse."
8276:. The Fisheries Exhibition Literature 3. Chapman and Hall. pp. 325â327.
6045:
5552:
4544:
The Impossible Zoo: An encyclopedia of fabulous beasts and mythical monsters
3167:
2933:
2877:(book on inkfish) distinguishes the whale lyngbakr with the monster hafgufa.
2841:
2657:
were presumably taken down from the mouths of the native Norwegian populace.
2518:
2338:
1588:
1477:
1388:
1267:
1233:
968:
844:
828:
737:
447:
322:
8800:
4375:(1752-3) by the Bishop.. Pontoppidan (translated into English soon after)".
2955:
by Denys-Montfort, and equated with his kraken octopus, as discussed below.
1055:, definite form) was another being within that sea spectre classification.
718:
459:
7532:
7494:
6834:
La vie et les moeurs des animaux zoophytes et mollusques par Louis Figuier
6806:, pp. 402â203: ".. gigantic Sepia.. calls Colossal". Also Mitchill,
6425:
5550:, p. 124 actually only vaguely distinguishes it as "ophiurid" (order
5170:
3148:) in the legend; this is the one shown struggling with a one-horned beast.
1144:
The hafgufa (described as the largest of the sea monsters, inhabiting the
239:
8542:
8369:, vol. 22, Frankfurt a. M.: Varrentrapp und Wenner, pp. 594â605
7129:"Monstra Marina & terrestria, quam in partibus aquilonis inueniuntur"
5689:
4491:
2917:
2523:
2391:
professional ice hockey team. Krakens also appear in video games such as
2232:
2191:
2064:
Giant fish encountered by St. Brendan. "Insula Fortunata" marked near it.
1836:
911:
678:), resulting in many species of octopuses partly named such, such as the
658:
244:
8493:
7960:
7843:
7486:
The Giant Squid in Transatlantic Culture: The Monsterization of Molluscs
6053:
3925:
3393:. Vol. V (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. 1933. p. 754.
3263:
3014:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1644:
1641:
1638:
716:("coal crabs") after the crab nickname, the common octopus simply named
8773:
8638:
8611:
8558:
7071:
North Atlantic Right Whales: From Hunted Leviathan to Conservation Icon
6322:, p. 270â278: "nouveau testament attribuĂ© a Saint-Thomas" (p. 276)
4495:
3750:. David Matthews, Anke Bernau, James Paz. Manchester University Press.
2746:
2513:
2487:
2207:
1841:
1547:
from Pliny, Book IX, Ch. 30 (though he only used the general nickname "
1544:
1255:
1210:
1075:
1064:
964:
902:
827:(140â180 metres (460â590 ft) deep), it sometimes happens that the
813:
764:
353:
257:
may have indirectly written about the kraken. Linnaeus wrote about the
216:
207:
175:
17:
7817:
Feast and Folly: Cuisine, Intoxication, and the Poetics of the Sublime
5829:
which Lyman hesitantly guesses may be Linnaeus's "Medusa's head", and
5617:
genus containing several species, but it would now be obsolete to say
5112:
3670:
3122:
However, elsewhere on the map, the giant lobster is called a lobster (
2707:
1232:
However, there was also the danger to seamen of being engulfed by the
889:(Padua, 1700), a travelogue about Scandinavia. The book describes the
8861:
8720:
8670:
8594:
8428:
The Natural History of Norway...: Translated from the Danish Original
7158:, The Fisheries Exhibition Literature 3, Chapman and Hall, p. 58
2925:
2469:
2324:
2069:
1971:
1668:
1548:
1236:
when it submerged, and this whirlpool was compared to Norway's famed
929:) was "described for the first time by that name" in the writings of
840:
824:
809:
499:(see below), which further indicates a name-theme referencing drags.
386:
295:
The English word "kraken" (in the sense of sea monster) derives from
190:
171:
7838:(1: Mortals to Death ), Wayne State University Press, pp. 150â159,
7364:
4906:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
2294:, though Verne also drew on the real-life encounter the French ship
526:
8342:. new series. Vol. 1. New York: John Forbes. pp. 396â497.
8046:. 30th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Houston, TX.
7222:(3), . Brief notice of Ashton (1968) , Detroit: Singing Tree Press.
5516:. ZĂŒrich: Christoffel Froschower. p. cx and illustr. opposite.
2715:" appears in the English translation but is absent in the original.
2134:
Modern artistic depiction of a giant squid attacking two fisherman.
1860:(1748), which was a Latin version augmented with Swedish names (in
1577:'s "monstrous polypus", which was a man-killer which ripped apart (
1254:
commented that the supposed excreta may have been the discharge of
233:
The great man-killing octopus entered French fiction when novelist
8761:
8754:
8702:
8606:
8563:
8099:"Ch. 2 Tennyson's Kraken under the Microscope and in the Aquarium"
8092:. Vol. 2. impensis Wolfgangi Schwarzkopfii. pp. 143â150.
6958:. London: T. Nelson. pp. 79â86 (plate, p. 83). Archived from
4499:
2452:
2272:") discusses the man-eating octopus, the kraken of legend, called
2242:
2195:
2129:
1946:
1766:
1703:
1471:
1028:
963:. Finnur JĂłnsson (1920) also favored identifying the kraken as an
756:
458:
197:
in 1700. This description was followed in 1734 by an account from
8324:
EncyclopĂŠdia Metropolitana; or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge
8073:
Curious Creatures in Zoology: With 130 Illus. Throughout the Text
7554:
McMenamin, Mark A. S.; McMenamin, Dianna Schulte (October 2011).
4587:
4585:
3671:"Nordisk familjebok / 1800-talsutgÄvan. 8. Kaffrer - Kristdala /"
2178:, who has studied the historical relationship between humans and
247:
lore, which he identified with the kraken of legend. This led to
8870:
8791:
8441:"Report on the Cephalopods of the Northeastern Coast of America"
4490:
of Nordland under Danish rule; this is not just modern Norway's
4120:
Nigg, under "Kraken". Nigg references the beasts labeled "D" in
3017:
2564:
Denys-Montfort's footnote identified his kraken with Paullini's
2419:
movies, as the pet of the fearsome Davy Jones in the 2006 film,
2148:
in his chapter on the "Kraken", would later be identified as a
2101:
1566:
recognized the existence of two "species" of giant octopuses in
1483:
361:
8497:
6620:
Thomae Bartholini historiarum anatomicarum rariorum centuria IV
5150:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 364â368.
5144:(1917). "Pirates of the DeepâStories of the Squid and Octopu".
4331:
of the 13th century describes a monstrous whale which it calls
3784:
3782:
2319:
In the English-speaking world, examples in fine literature are
2080:, various sea-monsters were illustrated on his famous map, the
1734:
It has also been noted that Montfort once quipped to a friend,
479:, probably the root for the naming of the mythological monster.
215:(1753). Pontoppidan was the first to describe the kraken as an
8457:"Remarks on the histories of the kraken and great sea serpent"
8447:, vol. 7, United States Fish Commission, pp. 211â436
7199:
Nova Typis Transacta Navigatio: Novi Orbis Indiae Occidentalis
4976:
4974:
3716:
3714:
3712:
2440:
1455:
1298:
Medusa's head, or kraken's young according to fishermen's lore
832:
321:
is "malformed or overgrown, crooked tree". It originates from
147:
8383:. Vol. 1. Lackerbauer, P (illustr.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
6874:
Singing Whales and Flying Squid: The Discovery Of Marine Life
6500:
6498:
5789:
5787:
5450:
5448:
5278:
5276:
5274:
4744:"XXII. The Marvels of the Icelandic Seas: whales; the kraken"
4498:, in Nordland (len) during his life. The town is now part of
3769:
3767:
2304:. It has been noted that Verne indiscriminately interchanged
656:
have, beyond the monster, given name to the cephalopod order
205:, who described the kraken in detail and equated it with the
141:
7702:"Mythical Kraken-Like Sea Monster Might be Real: Researcher"
7101:
Sea Monsters: A Voyage around the World's Most Beguiling Map
6934:, London: Printed for Lackington, Allen, and Co, p. 118
5909:
5907:
5513:
Fischbuch, das ist ein kurtze ... Beschreybung aller Fischen
2865:
only in the later recension, dated to the late 14th century.
8356:(in French). Lackerbauer, P (illustr.). Paris: L. Hachette.
8295:
McMenamin, M.A.S. (2016). Deep Bones. In: M.A.S. McMenamin
8103:
Underwater Worlds: Submerged Visions in Science and Culture
7767:
Zoological Surrealism: The Nonhuman Cinema of Jean Painlevé
6231:
6229:
995:, 1745), drawing from the fables of his native region, the
193:, was first described in the modern era in a travelogue by
8380:
The Great Sea-serpent: An Historical and Critical Treatise
8155:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Groth. pp. 48â49 (footnote).
6854:
that Linnaeus had classified the kraken as the cephalopod
6567:
6565:
6534:
6532:
6264:. Vol. Ann. VIII. Vratislaviae et Bregae. p. 79.
5672:
The London Magazine, or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer
2784:
Machan quoted Egede's text proper regarding some sort of "
1655:('ogre whale', 'troll whale') of Northern Europe, and the
1622:), which a later biologist has suggested to be one of the
1568:
Histoire Naturelle Générale et ParticuliÚre des Mollusques
906:, but the latter is commonly treated as a fabulous whale.
8193:(in German). Berlin: Mylius. pp. 111â113 (footnote).
8012:"Kraken Mare: The Largest Methane Sea Known To Humankind"
7861:
Gothic Animals: Uncanny Otherness and the Animal With-Out
6679:
6677:
6675:
6622:(in Latin). typis Petri Hakii, acad. typogr. p. 283.
5222:,.. lĂ€r han ej vara lĂ€ngre Ă€n vĂ„rt Ăland utanför Calmar..
4860:
4858:
4804:
Somerville, Angus A.; McDonald, R. Andrew, eds. (2020) ,
4136:
4134:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3179:
Hugo also produced an ink and wash sketch of the octopus.
1685:
The Frenchman Montfort used the obsolete scientific name
317:
According to a Norwegian dictionary, the root meaning of
182:, which may grow to 12â15 m (40â50 feet) in length.
8260:
The Octopus: Or, The "devil-fish" of Fiction and of Fact
5765:) is identified as Stella Arborescens by the naturalist
5410:
5408:
5315:
5313:
4748:
The King's Mirror: (Speculum Regalae - Konungs SkuggsjĂĄ)
4320:
4318:
3354:
3352:
3350:
2206:
research on molluscs in the early 19th century that the
7710:. The International Business Times Inc. 12 October 2011
5684:
The original passage in the English translation reads:
5584:
Some Amphipoda, Isopoda and Tanaidacea from Cook Strait
5564:
5562:
5119:, p. 213: "use like the Snail, in turning about".
4750:, Library of Scandinavian literature 15, translated by
4408:. Vol. 5 (new ed.). D. Appletons. p. 26.
2687:
as a general classification, under which krake and the
1496:
1401:(though no longer regarded as family/genus under order
6188:
6186:
6126:, Book IX, Loeb edition. According to Pliny's source,
5212:(in Swedish), Stockholm: A. G. Hellsten, p. 163,
3813:
3811:
3809:
3696:
3694:
3692:
2555:
He vacillated between polypus and "star fish" however.
1014:
was equatable to the monster that the Icelanders call
524:
explained this name in 1920 as an alternative form of
8086:"Observatio XXVIII: Microcosmo, bellua marina omnium"
7731:"Kraken Sea Monster Account "Bizarre and Miraculous""
7591:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
7560:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
5131:, p. 595: "... mit denen es sowohl sich bewegt".
4037:
Etymologisk ordbog over det norrÞne sprog pÄ Shetland
2982:
inhabits South African waters. Blumenbach also named
1375:
Pontoppidan then declared the kraken to be a type of
1069:
Egede also made the aforementioned identification of
863:. The "bearded" is possibly a kraken. Olaus Magnus,
467:) made from the top of a tree, historically known as
144:
135:
6394:
6392:
5025:(2nd ed.). John Brown, Edinburgh. 1816. pp. 541â542.
4841:"JĂłn GuĂ°mundsson and his natural history of Iceland"
4180:
Description of the Northern Peoples : Rome 1555
4116:
4114:
3277:
3275:
3273:
819:
It is said that when fishermen row out a few miles (
450:". Swedish SAOB gives the translations of Icelandic
138:
8911:
8890:
8843:
8533:
4831:
4324:
2964:Actually there is even the species "Gorgon's head"
1659:('devil whale') of the Germans follow in the list.
1651:" (meaning 'vastest-of-all sea-beast'), namely the
1591:representing the giant octopus poised to destroy a
132:
8431:. Vol. 2. London: A. Linde. pp. 210â213.
7444:"The Giant Squids: Genus Architeuthis, Steenstrup"
4079:Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania
2247:An illustration from the original 1870 edition of
8105:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 52â72.
6464:is explained to be the eight-armed animal called
6151:
6149:
4242:, vol. 2, Columbia university, p. 199,
4175:Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus: RomĂŠ 1555
3839:. Christiania: Steenske Bogtrykkeri. p. 41).
3412:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles
7520:"Kraken versus ichthyosaur: let battle commence"
6691:. Smithsonian Institution. 1874. pp. 31â32.
4578:, Copenhagen: Filologisk-historiske Samfund: 182
4289:
4287:
4285:
3296:
3294:
3217:British ZoologyIV: Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea
2874:
2138:The piece of squid recovered by the French ship
2054:"Kraken is represented as a Crayfish or Lobster"
1573:The "colossal giant" was supposedly the same as
1379:(=octopus) or "starfish", particularly the kind
115:facsimile – hand-colored woodcut
8850:
8807:
8798:
8789:
8752:
8718:
8677:
8659:
8650:
8627:
8618:
8592:
8583:
8397:Det fĂžrste ForsĂžg paa Norges naturlige Historie
7012:Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History
5759:Pontoppidan noted that Medusa's head (Lat. pl.
5685:
4999:, p. 212: "the current of the river Male".
4995:, p. 343: "Male-StrĂžmmen ved MoskĂže"; tr.
4615:(in Norwegian), Nasjonalforlaget, p. 131,
4443:. Vol. 3. BrĂŒnnich. p. 371, note 52).
4081:. Trykt hos BrĂžgger & Christie. p. 7.
3587:
3585:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
2914:
1951:"Kraken of the imagination". John Gibson, 1887.
1227:Det fĂžrste ForsĂžg paa Norges naturlige Historie
939:Det fĂžrste ForsĂžg paa Norges naturlige Historie
451:
426:
331:
330:, which is etymologically related to Old Norse
325:
8418:Versuch einer natĂŒrlichen Geschichte Norwegens
7859:. In Heholt, Ruth; Edmundson, Melissa (eds.).
7074:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 24.
6371:
6359:
6319:
6220:
6204:
6177:
6066:
5914:Stöhr, S.; O'Hara, T.; Thuy, B., eds. (2022).
5853:Stöhr, S.; O'Hara, T.; Thuy, B., eds. (2021).
5353:Stöhr, S.; O'Hara, T.; Thuy, B., eds. (2022).
5283:Stöhr, S.; O'Hara, T.; Thuy, B., eds. (2021).
5225:. The last paragraph that the remnants of the
5160:
4213:Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology
3652:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3369:
3367:
3335:
2767:And other fabulous-seeming creatures, such as
1880:), referring to a cluster of cephalopod eggs.
1789:a "body covered with various heterogeneous " (
1632:crab alleged to appear off the Finnish coast.
1628:It was also described as resembling Gessner's
8877:
8868:
8859:
8821:
8736:
8727:
8709:
8700:
8668:
8549:
8540:
8509:
8326:, London: B. Fellowes, 1875, pp. 255â258
7466:"V. The Past and Present of the Cuttlefishes"
6980:
6851:
6606:
6604:
6383:
6248:
6246:
6244:
5951:
5886:
5469:, p. 124: "..it cannot pass through the
5009:
5007:
5005:
4968:. Johan Grundt Tanum Forlag, Oslo. pp. 67â71.
4965:Phantoms and Fairies: From Norwegian Folklore
4950:
4668:Sturlunga Saga: Including the Islendinga Saga
4308:.. no doubt the same that the Islanders call
3788:
3748:Northern memories and the English Middle Ages
3384:
3382:
3074:
2844:, where one finds description of the hafgufa.
2666:With definite article suffixed forms such as
2415:. The kraken was also featured in two of the
2104:. However, the associated writing called the
1387:, later identifiable as one of the northerly
921:Although it has been stated that the kraken (
8:
8780:
8771:
8686:
8636:
8037:Stern, A. S.; McKinnon, W. B. (March 1999).
7347:
7331:
7316:
7187:
7185:
6955:Monsters of the Sea, Legendary and Authentic
6508:(1740). Langen, Johann Joachim (tr.) (ed.).
6422:. Vol. 1. J. B. BailliĂšre. p. 143.
6003:
5743:
5473:; he sees in it an obscure allusion" to the
5435:
5108:
5034:
4992:
4922:
4918:
4793:, Oslo: Carl C. Werner & Co., p. 32
4671:. Vol. 1. Clarenden Press. p. 139.
4344:
4160:
4158:
4156:
3879:
3744:"Ch. 5. Narrative, Memory, Meaning /§Kraken"
3720:
3700:
2700:
1391:or possibly more specifically as one of the
1183:
1040:
1022:
1010:into the depths. Egede conjectured that the
638:
618:
606:
594:
582:
567:
495:in 1920. A synonym for kraken has also been
6007:
5760:
5747:
5658:
5439:
5116:
5084:
5046:
4996:
4926:
4907:Kongelige nordiske oldskrift-selskab (1845)
4348:
3867:
3773:
3665:
3663:
3661:
2597:
1775:The famous Swedish 18th century naturalist
1570:, an encyclopedic description of mollusks.
531:
431:mostly corresponds to these uses in modern
410:
337:
8516:
8502:
8494:
7909:. Naval Institute Press. p. note 13.
7028:
6943:
6941:
6847:
6837:. Paris: L. Hachette et C.ie. p. 463.
6791:
6642:. Christoph GĂŒnther. pp. 61, 217â218.
6516:Natur=Systema, oder, Drey Reiche der Natur
6307:
6088:, pp. 99, 100â103 and Montfort, ibid.
5793:
5727:
5715:
5547:
5534:, this could lead to confusion. Gessner's
5466:
5454:
5057:
5055:
4093:
4091:
2699:was recognized by Pontoppidan as meaning '
2422:Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
1282:, as did literary scholar Finnur JĂłnsson.
1247:, they would pull it down to the bottom".
380:, Norwegian and Swedish for 'hook/crook' (
8164:(1926) A.W. BrĂžggers boktrykkeris forlag.
7633:
7531:
7041:
7039:
7037:
6877:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 143.
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
4576:Opuscula Philologica: Mindre Afhandlinger
4572:"Navnets mag: en folkepsykologisk studie"
4125:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3550:An Essay on the credibility of the Kraken
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3203:
3201:
2284:, etc.). Hugo's octopus later influenced
1539:apparently meant in particular the giant
1524:Learn how and when to remove this message
7472:. Chatto & Windus. pp. 108â109.
7214:American-Scandinavian Biography for 1969
7057:. Rome: Giovanni M. Viotto. p. 763.
6898:
6803:
6457:
6449:
6331:
6235:
6109:
5734:a giant ophiurid as a giant cephalopod".
5675:, Vol. 24 (Appendix, 1755). pp. 622â624.
5385:
5383:
4980:
4938:
4864:
4754:, Twayne Publishers, 1917, p. 125,
4510:
4508:
4482:The marginal header in the original is "
4384:
4364:
3281:
2184:The Giant Squid in Transatlantic Culture
2059:
1991:), and the horned form "bearded whale" (
1966:conjectured to be a kraken perhaps (cf.
854:
698:("common kraken") in German. The family
8153:Det gamle GrĂžnlands nye perlustration,.
8125:"La poulpe colossal â La poulpe kraken"
7903:; Walter, Frederick Paul (tr.) (eds.).
7426:
7414:
6258:"Obs . LI: De Singulari monstro marino"
5395:"XLIV. Some Notes on British Ophiurids"
5115:Maade, med at strekke dem hid og did";
4521:, pp. 86â87 (footnote) (English);
4429:
4427:
4275:(in Italian), Forli, pp. 184â185,
4186:(trr.). Hakluyt Society. p. 1092.
3310:. Simon and Schuster. p. note 13.
3197:
3100:was essentially "cephalopods", and his
2535:
784:, is listed as etymologically related.
356:with "crook". This is backed up by the
7982:"Under the Sea: The Kraken in Culture"
7279:
7267:
7255:
7243:
7231:
7168:
7055:Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus
6140:
5778:
5399:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
5188:
5128:
4418:
4141:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
2741:KrÀkel has also been used to describe
2291:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
2250:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
1717:distress signal fired by the captured
1353:also; this a more far-ranging species.
1199:also reads the work as describing the
8232:Hamilton, Robert, M.D., FRSE (1839),
7831:: repr. from Weiss (Winter 2002) in:
7051:"Liber XXI. De Polypis: Cap. XXXIIII"
6689:Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
6595:
5568:
5493:Log-book of a Fisherman and Zoologist
5319:
4693:
4681:
4649:
4591:
4525:, pp. 111â113(footnote) (German)
4522:
4518:
4514:
4470:
4297:
4293:
3817:
3407:, being the suffixed definite article
3096:in modern taxonomy, Linnaeus's genus
2705:ghost, spectre', and the latter form
2674:appearing in the English translation.
2221:Mark McMenamin § Triassic kraken
2163:After a specimen of the giant squid,
1922:in his English version of Linnaeus's
989:Det gamle GrĂžnlands nye perlustration
81:A "colossal octopus" attacking ship,
7:
8361:MĂŒller, Wilhelm, Dr., Prof. (1802),
8299:. Springer, Cham. pp. 131â158.
7883:
6161:"Science and Crime, and other essay"
6097:
5990:Lamarck is matched to accepted name
5966:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2022).
5414:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2022).
5331:Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2022).
5049:, p. 212: "largest man of war".
4636:) can signify not just a giant, but
4435:Kongelige nordiske oldskrift-selskab
3373:
2724:Although "eight-armed cephalopods",
1663:Angola octopus, pictured in St. Malo
1551:" 'stinkard' for the octopus kind).
1495:, as they are easily broken. Please
1372:, as a modern commentator analyzes.
1292:best describes its characteristics.
1152:continues to be identified with the
170:, said to appear in the sea between
7658:"The Meniscus: The Kraken Sleepeth"
7402:
7304:
6437:
6398:
6192:
6085:
5206:"kapitele (ch. 17): Om en rar fisk"
5096:
4486:" which refers specifically to the
4454:Pilling, James Constantine (1885).
4300:. p. 86: "The third monster, named
3358:
2628:, etymologically root cognate with
1848:According to the Swedish zoologist
1006:of Norway, then under Danish rule.
983:(English: kraken) was described by
800:" or "the crookie"), also known as
7671:Simpson, Sarah (11 October 2011).
6950:"Chapter VI: The Legendary Kraken"
6334:, pp. 331â332 and Plate XXX,
5496:. Chapman & Hall. p. 209.
4440:Grönlands historiske Mindesmaerker
2425:and appears in the film's sequel,
1811:Linnaeus cited four sources under
1785:(1735) described a fabulous genus
1185:Grönlands historiske Mindesmaerker
808:said to appear in the sea between
615:) â alternate spelling of "krakse"
25:
8204:Konungs skuggsjĂĄ: Speculum regale
7489:(1 ed.). London: Routledge.
6738:Kraken & The Colossal Octopus
6254:Paullinus, Christianus Franciscus
4791:Speculum Regale. Konungs-SkuggsjĂĄ
4730:
3800:
3219:. Benjamin White. pp. 44â45.
1967:
1450:spp. being tentatively suggested.
1345:. "Shetland Argus", according to
652:Since the 19th century, the word
8950:Scandinavian legendary creatures
8834:
7863:. Springer Nature. p. 259.
6668:. Christoph GĂŒnther. p. 84.
5928:World Register of Marine Species
5889:, p. 258: German physician
5867:World Register of Marine Species
5367:World Register of Marine Species
5297:World Register of Marine Species
4883:BlĂŠksprutterne kommer. Spis dem!
3571:Cleasby & Vigfusson (1874),
2913:("My son on the galley", 1781):
2036:
2015:
1909:, an Englishman, had written of
1856:was added to the 6th edition of
1460:
1335:
1304:
1278:conjectured this to have been a
1240:often known as "the Maelstrom".
692:("giant kraken") in Swedish and
128:
105:
74:
67:. Adapted "from Denys Montford"
48:
7855:Bhattacharjee, Shuhita (1657).
6741:. Routledge. pp. 117â118.
6616:"Historia XXIV. Cetorum genera"
6416:"Poulpe colossal / Sepia gigas"
6165:The Humboldt Library of Science
5825:is the modern accepted name of
5581:Hurley, Desmond Eugene (1957).
3855:BokmÄlsordboka | Nynorskordboka
3573:An Icelandic-English Dictionary
3442:BokmÄlsordboka | Nynorskordboka
3065:An illustration of sea-grapes (
2898:) described by Swedish magnate
2773:bellua marina omnium vastissima
2486:and possible tectonic fault on
2046:âLee (1883), after Olaus (1555)
2043:Giant lobster attacking ship.
2009:Polypi depicted as lobster-like
804:(among others), is a legendary
708:("true krakens") in German. In
8940:Mythological aquatic creatures
8462:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
7819:. SUNY Press. pp. 73â75.
7813:"4 The Epic of the Cephalopod"
7608:McMenamin, Mark A. S. (2023).
6452:, pp. 396â397. Captioned
5994:, which occurs in the Pacific.
5359:(MĂŒller & Troschel, 1842)"
4406:Johnson's Universal CyclopĂŠdia
4371:(1735) and most famously from
3252:The Connecticut School Journal
2875:Mouritsen & StyrbĂŠk (2018)
2288:'s depiction of the kraken in
1936:Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
1771:Sea-grapes, or cephalopod eggs
881:" was given by Italian writer
792:In Norwegian sailor folklore,
163:
63:, in Hamilton, Robert (1839).
1:
8139:Biodiversity Heritage Library
7729:Than, Ker (11 October 2011).
7196:Honorius Philoponus) (1621),
5613:was later classed in the old-
4517:, pp. 48â49 (footnote);
4484:Fabel om Kraken i Nordlandene
3836:Er Norsk det samme som Dansk?
2451:, the mythical kraken is the
2300:had with what was probably a
2188:Linnean classification system
1509:), or an abbreviated title.
1491:Knowledge (XXG)'s style guide
1129:An English translator of the
1090:
873:The first description of the
463:Old style Scandinavian drag (
8955:Germanic legendary creatures
7980:Stowell, Barbara A. (2009).
7707:International Business Times
6768:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
6708:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
6578:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
6545:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
6511:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
6484:Caroli LinnĂŠi Systema naturĂŠ
5401:, Sixth Series (47): 342â344
5335:Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae
5289:MĂŒller & Troschel, 1842"
4806:"Wonders of the Iceland sea"
4546:. Little, Brown Book Group.
4207:Eberhart, George M. (2002).
3742:Machan, Tim William (2020).
2836:, as elocuted by Egede. The
2385:2010 remake of the same name
1313:Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae
788:General description and myth
712:, octopoda is instead named
185:The kraken, as a subject of
8305:10.1007/978-3-319-22777-1_9
8101:. In Abberley, Will (ed.).
7739:National Geographic Society
7635:10.3390/geosciences13030080
7483:Latva, Otto (11 May 2023).
6858:. This is completely false.
6401:, pp. 103â105 and note
5488:Buckland, Francis Trevelyan
5147:Smithsonian Report for 1916
5111:, pp. 344: "bruge paa
4715:. Vol. 1. p. 122.
4215:. ABC-CLIO. p. 282ff.
2990:which occur in the Pacific.
2732:, is a more common synonym.
1762:
1160:, Canada), as described in
1133:in 1917 opted to translate
1047:), adding that "the Draw" (
27:Mythical monster of the sea
8976:
8445:Report of the Commissioner
8263:, London: Chapman and Hall
8160:@National Library Norway.
7797:Les travailleurs de la mer
7764:Cahill, James Leo (2019).
7291:See fig. above, detail of
6928:A general system of nature
6460:, p. 401: Linnaeus's
5901:of Lamarack" to the list.
4832:HalldĂłr Hermannsson (1938)
4752:Larson, Laurence Marcellus
4325:HalldĂłr Hermannsson (1938)
4236:Beck, Thor Jensen (1934),
4147:Olaus Magnus's magnificent
3143:
2830:Speculum Regale Islandicum
2349:
2266:Les Travailleurs de la mer
2218:
2204:Pierre Denys de Montfort's
1894:" in his first edition of
1062:
162:of enormous size, per its
29:
8832:
8469:(12). William Blackwood:
7470:Studies in Life and Sense
6970:– via Biodiversity.
6905:in 2006 also assumed the
6581:(2 ed.). Stockholm:
6548:(6 ed.). Stockholm:
6374:, pp. 358ff, 367â368
6020:Gerhardt, Mia I. (1966).
4880:; StyrbĂŠk, Klavs (2018).
4613:Trollene grynter i haugen
4373:Natural History of Norway
3391:Oxford English Dictionary
2435:'s fantasy novel series,
2352:Kraken in popular culture
2167:, was discovered by Rev.
1262:Taxonomic identifications
1073:as being the same as the
991:(1729; Ger. t. 1730; tr.
8945:Mythological cephalopods
8412:—— (1753b).
8408:@National Library Norway
8185:—— (1763) .
8181:@National Library Norway
8097:Bushnell, Kelly (2019).
8076:. London: John C. Nimmo.
7962:Moby Dick; Or, The Whale
7811:Weiss, Allen S. (2002).
7770:. U of Minnesota Press.
7735:National Geographic News
7566:(5): 310. Archived from
7068:Laist, David W. (2017).
6207:, p. 386, note (1)
6069:, pp. 256, 258â259.
5538:was an octopus as well.
5418:Gorgonocephalus eucnemis
5357:Gorgonocephalus eucnemis
4810:The Viking Age: A Reader
4652:, p. 87 (footnote).
4594:, p. 88 (footnote).
4473:, p. 49 (footnote).
2857:contains the mention of
2820:, not Norway altogether.
2417:Pirates of the Caribbean
1845:) in Italian and Latin.
1343:Gorgonocephalus eucnemis
993:Description of Greenland
742:morphological derivation
551:Some of the synonyms of
517:("the horv"). Icelandic
287:has not been confirmed.
201:missionary and explorer
8808:
8799:
8790:
8660:
8651:
8593:
8332:Mitchill, Samuel Latham
8268:—— (1884).
8217:"Icelandic Physiologus"
8168:—— (1745).
8082:Bergen, Karl August von
7152:"The Great Sea Serpent"
6711:(7 ed.). Leipzig:
6522:: Gebauer. p. 68.
6223:, p. 386, note (1)
6046:10.1163/156853466X00079
5978:. January 2022 version.
5426:. January 2022 version.
5343:. January 2022 version.
5218:, eller den sÄ kallade
5061:Sjögren, Bengt (1980).
4182:]. Fisher, Peter;,
3104:was the common octopus.
3013:Lovén gave the text as
2749:(marine eelgrass), etc.
2641:
2633:
2625:
2406:Return of the Obra Dinn
2118:was the aforementioned
1614:glossed as a sea crab (
1499:by replacing them with
1174:The description of the
734:furcellaria lumbricalis
427:
332:
326:
55:Kraken, an unconfirmed
32:Kraken (disambiguation)
8878:
8869:
8860:
8851:
8822:
8781:
8772:
8753:
8737:
8728:
8719:
8710:
8701:
8687:
8678:
8669:
8637:
8628:
8619:
8584:
8550:
8541:
8248:Plate XXX (The Kraken)
8162:modern typeset reprint
8121:Denys-Montfort, Pierre
7800:. Lacroix. p. 88.
7369:Archiv fĂŒr Völkerkunde
6771:(9 ed.). Leyden:
6487:(1 ed.). Leyden:
5761:
5706:
5633:because the 3 species
5168:
5042:
4272:Viaggio settentrionale
3887:
3166:This fish has a name:
3135:
3127:
3070:
2942:
2895:
2730:Ättaarmade blÀckfiskar
2729:
2701:
2593:
2585:
2570:Samuel Latham Mitchill
2437:A Song of Ice and Fire
2342:(Chapter 59 "Squid"),
2257:
2144:in 1861, discussed by
2135:
2065:
1999:) by Swiss naturalist
1996:
1988:
1952:
1877:
1794:
1772:
1763:Linnaeus's microcosmus
1757:Samuel Latham Mitchill
1713:
1619:
1582:
1411:in current taxonomy).
1349:; possibly Linnaeus's
1184:
1118:, 1765) also reported
1052:
1041:
1036:
1023:
926:
887:Viaggio settentrionale
870:
752:
639:
619:
607:
595:
583:
568:
480:
477:Scandinavian languages
452:
237:(1866) introduced the
187:sailors' superstitions
91:Ătienne Claude Voysard
8526:Scandinavian folklore
8348:Moquin-Tandon, Alfred
8274:Sea Monsters Unmasked
8238:Jardine, William, Sir
8070:Ashton, John (1890).
7533:10.1038/news.2011.586
7518:Perkins, Sid (2011).
7495:10.4324/9781003311775
7177:Sea Monsters Unmasked
7156:Sea Monsters Unmasked
7136:. pp. 1004â1005.
7095:Nigg, Joseph (2014).
6985:Sonnini de Manoncourt
6948:Gibson, John (1887).
6598:, p. 14, note 2.
6372:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6360:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6320:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6221:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6205:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6178:Denys-Montfort (1801)
6067:Denys-Montfort (1801)
5841:Asterias caput-medusĂŠ
5161:Finnur JĂłnsson (1920)
4851:: 36, endnote to p. 8
4605:Kvam, Lorentz Normann
3653:Finnur JĂłnsson (1920)
3556:The Nautical Magazine
3336:Denys-Montfort (1801)
3086:As noted previously,
2970:, whose old name was
2459:of the Iron Islands.
2276:by the locals of the
2246:
2133:
2076:did not use the term
2063:
1950:
1770:
1707:
1564:Pierre Denys-Montfort
1112:Historie von Grönland
858:
462:
87:Pierre Denys-Montfort
8201:, ed. (1920). "12".
7992:on 23 September 2015
7901:Miller, Walter James
7462:Wilson, Andrew, FRSE
7429:, pp. 213, 410.
7217:Scandinavian Studies
6981:Moquin-Tandon (1865)
6852:Moquin-Tandon (1865)
6518:] (1 ed.).
6384:Metropolitana (1845)
6157:Wilson, Andrew, FRSE
6006:, pp. 351â352;
5952:Metropolitana (1845)
5887:Metropolitana (1845)
5438:, pp. 349â350;
5250:My Son on the Galley
4951:Metropolitana (1845)
4779:Munch, Peter Andreas
4663:GuĂ°brandur VigfĂșsson
4039:, Prior, p. 431
3882:, pp. 346â347:
3789:Metropolitana (1845)
3548:(Review) New Books:
3075:Moquin-Tandon (1865)
2790:forfĂŠrdelige Hav-Dyr
2443:series adaptations,
2260:The French novelist
2111:St. Brendan's Voyage
1883:Also, the Frenchman
1831:aforementioned; and
1630:Cancer heracleoticus
1559:In 1802, the French
1497:improve this article
1203:as a type of whale.
1116:History of Greenland
740:. There is also the
635:) "crab" (see above)
627:) â named after the
166:something akin to a
65:Naturalist's Library
30:For other uses, see
8213:HalldĂłr Hermannsson
8135:alt text (Vol. 102)
8052:1999LPI....30.1766S
7931:"The Kraken (1830)"
7626:2023Geosc..13...80M
7440:Rogers, Julia Ellen
7417:, pp. 262â267.
7405:, pp. 364â366.
7361:Feest, Christian F.
7348:Olaus Magnus (1887)
7332:Olaus Magnus (1887)
7317:Olaus Magnus (1887)
7246:, pp. 261â265.
7234:, pp. 221â222.
7031:, pp. 141â142.
6733:Heuvelmans, Bernard
6713:Gottfr. Kiesewetter
6583:Gottfr. Kiesewetter
6550:Gottfr. Kiesewetter
6079:Naturalis Historiae
6004:Pontoppidan (1753a)
5992:Astrocladus exiguus
5827:Astrophyton linckii
5781:, pp. 147â149.
5744:Pontoppidan (1753a)
5704:Stella Arborescens.
5597:WoRMS database for
5471:Pillars of Hercules
5436:Pontoppidan (1753a)
5287:Astrophyton linckii
5177:da:KĂŠmpeblĂŠksprutte
5109:Pontoppidan (1753a)
5035:Pontoppidan (1753b)
4993:Pontoppidan (1753b)
4983:, pp. 328â329.
4953:, pp. 255â256.
4941:, pp. 329â330.
4923:Pontoppidan (1753b)
4919:Pontoppidan (1753a)
4837:HalldĂłr Hermannsson
4783:Unger, Carl Richard
4398:Anderson, Rasmus B.
4345:Pontoppidan (1753a)
3880:Pontoppidan (1753a)
3721:Pontoppidan (1753a)
3701:Pontoppidan (1753a)
3655:, pp. 113â114.
3579:" ', a pole, stake'
3361:, pp. 100â103.
2988:Astrocladus exiguus
2967:Astrocladus euryale
2449:House of the Dragon
2380:Clash of the Titans
2239:Literary influences
1902:Linnaeus in English
1469:Constructs such as
1326:Astrophyton Linckii
1225:Erik Pontoppidan's
1190:HalldĂłr Hermannsson
967:(squid/octopus) on
364:, published by the
8903:Old Norse religion
8389:Pontoppidan, Erich
8353:Le Monde de la mer
7745:on 12 October 2011
7660:. 16 October 2011.
7192:Plautius, Caspar (
7125:MĂŒnster, Sebastian
6962:on 19 January 2022
6901:, p. 56, and
6685:"Linné (Carl von)"
6412:d' Orbigny, Alcide
6159:(February 1887a).
6143:, pp. 264â265
6008:Pontoppidan (1755)
5988:Euryale verrucosum
5970:Astrocladu exiguus
5918:Euryale verrucosum
5899:Euryale Verrucosum
5748:Pontoppidan (1755)
5659:Pontoppidan (1755)
5619:Stella Arborescens
5611:Stella Arborescens
5440:Pontoppidan (1755)
5227:Swedish Pomeranian
5117:Pontoppidan (1755)
5085:Pontoppidan (1755)
5047:Pontoppidan (1755)
4997:Pontoppidan (1755)
4927:Pontoppidan (1755)
4349:Pontoppidan (1755)
4043:Collingwood, W. G.
3868:Pontoppidan (1755)
3774:Pontoppidan (1755)
2984:Euryale verrucosum
2911:Min son pÄ galejan
2433:George R.R. Martin
2359:Examples include:
2323:'s 1830 irregular
2270:Toilers of the Sea
2258:
2136:
2066:
1953:
1852:, the common name
1773:
1714:
1395:or even the genus
1385:Stella Arborescens
1126:to be synonymous.
871:
851:First descriptions
821:Scandinavian miles
695:Gewöhnlicher Krake
686:), which is named
481:
8927:
8926:
8489:(See Chapter XII)
8487:The King's Mirror
8336:"Natural History"
8312:978-3-319-22776-4
8112:978-1-5275-2553-5
7967:Project Gutenberg
7937:. 11 January 2005
7870:978-3-030-34540-2
7777:978-1-4529-5922-1
7681:Discovery Channel
7673:"Smokin' Kraken?"
7504:978-1-003-31177-5
7202:, pp. 10aâ11
7173:Curious Creatures
7110:978-0-226-92518-9
7081:978-1-4214-2098-1
7029:Heuvelmans (2015)
7014:, Second series,
6920:Linnaeus, Carolus
6907:Sepia microcosmus
6856:Sepia microcosmus
6848:Heuvelmans (2015)
6792:Heuvelmans (2015)
6763:Linnaeus, Carolus
6748:978-1-317-84701-4
6703:Linnaeus, Carolus
6612:Bartholin, Thomas
6573:Linnaeus, Carolus
6540:Linnaeus, Carolus
6506:Linnaeus, Carolus
6479:Linnaeus, Carolus
6308:Heuvelmans (2015)
6081:lib. ix. cap. 30
5794:Heuvelmans (2015)
5728:Heuvelmans (2015)
5716:Heuvelmans (2015)
5548:Heuvelmans (2015)
5467:Heuvelmans (2015)
5455:Heuvelmans (2015)
5442:, p. 215â216
5393:(November 1891),
5245:Wallenberg, Jacob
5202:Wallenberg, Jacob
4893:978-87-02-25953-7
4886:. Gyldendal A/S.
4878:Mouritsen, Ole G.
4819:978-1-4875-7047-7
4761:978-0-89067-008-8
4609:"krekin, krechin"
4568:Nyrop, Kristoffer
4553:978-1-4721-3645-9
4502:Finnmark, Norway.
4184:Higgens, Humphrey
4122:Sebastian MĂŒnster
4033:"krekin, krechin"
3757:978-1-5261-4537-6
3092:genus represents
2890:"the crab-fish" (
2834:Thormodus TorfĂŠus
2743:Potamogeton Vaill
2630:Middle Low German
2530:Explanatory notes
2091:Curious Creatures
1872:as "sea-grape" (
1534:
1533:
1526:
1439:Stella arborensis
1258:by a cephalopod.
769:shepherd's crooks
704:is also known as
16:(Redirected from
8967:
8883:
8874:
8865:
8856:
8838:
8827:
8817:Will-o'-the-wisp
8813:
8804:
8795:
8786:
8777:
8758:
8742:
8733:
8724:
8715:
8706:
8692:
8683:
8674:
8665:
8656:
8642:
8633:
8624:
8598:
8589:
8555:
8546:
8527:
8518:
8511:
8504:
8495:
8474:
8448:
8432:
8421:
8404:
8384:
8370:
8357:
8343:
8327:
8315:
8291:
8277:
8264:
8245:
8228:
8208:
8194:
8177:
8156:
8132:
8116:
8093:
8077:
8056:
8055:
8045:
8034:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7997:
7988:. Archived from
7977:
7971:
7970:
7957:Melville, Herman
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7935:Victorianweb.org
7927:
7921:
7920:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7852:
7846:
7830:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7741:. Archived from
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7637:
7605:
7599:
7598:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7551:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7535:
7515:
7509:
7508:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7436:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7412:
7406:
7400:
7394:
7388:
7382:
7376:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7329:
7323:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7289:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7265:
7259:
7253:
7247:
7241:
7235:
7229:
7223:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7189:
7180:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7043:
7032:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7000:
6994:
6978:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6930:, translated by
6916:
6910:
6895:
6889:
6888:
6865:
6859:
6845:
6839:
6838:
6825:
6819:
6801:
6795:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6681:
6670:
6669:
6654:
6648:
6643:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6608:
6599:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6569:
6560:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6475:
6469:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6408:
6402:
6396:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6351:
6344:
6338:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6285:
6266:
6265:
6250:
6239:
6233:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6202:
6196:
6190:
6181:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6153:
6144:
6137:
6131:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6076:
6070:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6017:
6011:
6001:
5995:
5985:
5979:
5964:
5958:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5934:
5911:
5902:
5895:Asterias euryale
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5857:Asterias euryale
5850:
5844:
5824:
5811:genus, of which
5803:
5797:
5791:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5757:
5751:
5741:
5735:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5682:
5676:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5608:
5602:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5557:
5545:
5539:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5484:
5478:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5443:
5433:
5427:
5412:
5403:
5402:
5391:Bell, F. Jeffrey
5387:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5350:
5344:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5280:
5269:
5268:
5240:
5234:
5224:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5063:Berömda vidunder
5059:
5050:
5032:
5026:
5011:
5000:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4969:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4853:
4852:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4532:
4526:
4512:
4503:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4431:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4362:
4356:
4342:
4336:
4322:
4313:
4291:
4280:
4279:
4267:Negri, Francesco
4263:
4257:
4256:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4162:
4151:
4149:
4138:
4129:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4063:
4057:
4040:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3890:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3739:
3724:
3718:
3707:
3698:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3667:
3656:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3589:
3580:
3569:
3563:
3544:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3461:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3421:
3409:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3345:
3343:
3341:p. 256, Pl. XXVI
3333:
3322:
3321:
3298:
3289:
3279:
3268:
3267:
3240:
3221:
3220:
3205:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3084:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3033:
3027:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2972:Asterias euryale
2962:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2908:
2900:Jacob Wallenberg
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2803:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2769:monstrum marinum
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2722:
2716:
2704:
2695:as a variant of
2681:
2675:
2664:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2612:) as a word for
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2579:
2573:
2566:monstrum marinum
2562:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2377:, the 1981 film
2366:The Kraken Wakes
2332:, references in
2282:Guernsey dialect
2215:Paleo-cephalopod
2047:
2040:
2030:
2019:
1924:System of Nature
1829:monstrum marinum
1817:Thomas Bartholin
1719:ship of the line
1689:but called it a
1612:monstrum marinum
1529:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1501:named references
1464:
1463:
1456:
1393:Gorgonocephalids
1339:
1323:
1308:
1198:
1187:
1170:Contrary opinion
1109:
1095:
1092:
1046:
1026:
1005:
935:bishop of Bergen
931:Erik Pontoppidan
908:Erik Pontoppidan
847:that is formed.
684:Octopus vulgaris
642:
622:
610:
598:
586:
571:
557:Erik Pontoppidan
547:
544:
539:
536:
533:
455:
445:
430:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
405:in Norwegian or
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
335:
329:
306:, which are the
279:monstrum marinum
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
109:
99:
78:
52:
21:
8975:
8974:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8923:
8919:Danish folklore
8907:
8898:Norse mythology
8886:
8839:
8830:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8482:
8477:
8451:
8435:
8424:
8411:
8387:
8375:Oudemans, A. C.
8373:
8360:
8346:
8330:
8318:
8294:
8282:Lyman, Theodore
8280:
8267:
8253:
8231:
8211:
8197:
8184:
8167:
8143:
8119:
8113:
8096:
8080:
8069:
8065:
8060:
8059:
8043:
8036:
8035:
8031:
8021:
8019:
8018:. 25 April 2017
8010:
8009:
8005:
7995:
7993:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7955:
7954:
7950:
7940:
7938:
7929:
7928:
7924:
7917:
7895:
7894:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7871:
7854:
7853:
7849:
7827:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7790:
7789:
7785:
7778:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7728:
7727:
7723:
7713:
7711:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7685:
7683:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7651:
7607:
7606:
7602:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7538:
7536:
7517:
7516:
7512:
7505:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7425:
7421:
7413:
7409:
7401:
7397:
7392:Wolfgang Kilian
7389:
7385:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7346:
7342:
7330:
7326:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7299:
7290:
7286:
7278:
7274:
7266:
7262:
7254:
7250:
7242:
7238:
7230:
7226:
7211:
7207:
7191:
7190:
7183:
7167:
7163:
7146:
7145:
7141:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7111:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7082:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7045:
7044:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6990:Suites Ă Buffon
6979:
6975:
6965:
6963:
6947:
6946:
6939:
6932:Turton, William
6918:
6917:
6913:
6899:Bushnell (2019)
6896:
6892:
6885:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6846:
6842:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6804:Mitchill (1813)
6802:
6798:
6794:, p. 147?.
6790:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6749:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6717:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6683:
6682:
6673:
6666:Acta eruditorum
6658:Redi, Francesco
6656:
6655:
6651:
6634:Redi, Francesco
6632:
6631:
6627:
6610:
6609:
6602:
6594:
6590:
6571:
6570:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6504:
6503:
6496:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6458:Mitchill (1813)
6450:Mitchill (1813)
6448:
6444:
6436:
6432:
6410:
6409:
6405:
6397:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6370:
6366:
6358:
6354:
6345:
6341:
6332:Hamilton (1839)
6330:
6326:
6318:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6287:
6286:
6269:
6252:
6251:
6242:
6236:Mitchill (1813)
6234:
6227:
6219:
6215:
6203:
6199:
6191:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6155:
6154:
6147:
6138:
6134:
6123:Natural History
6120:
6116:
6110:Gerhardt (1966)
6108:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6077:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6002:
5998:
5986:
5982:
5965:
5961:
5946:
5942:
5932:
5930:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5818:
5814:G. caputmedusae
5808:Gorgonocephalus
5804:
5800:
5792:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5767:Griffith Hughes
5758:
5754:
5746:, p. 350;
5742:
5738:
5726:
5722:
5714:
5710:
5683:
5679:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5647:Gorgonocephalus
5630:Gorgonocephalus
5621:belongs to the
5609:
5605:
5596:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5560:
5546:
5542:
5525:
5521:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5465:
5461:
5453:
5446:
5434:
5430:
5413:
5406:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5371:
5369:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5330:
5326:
5318:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5282:
5281:
5272:
5261:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5171:kjempebleksprut
5163:, p. 114.
5159:
5155:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5107:
5103:
5095:
5091:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5060:
5053:
5037:, p. 342:
5033:
5029:
5012:
5003:
4991:
4987:
4981:Hamilton (1839)
4979:
4972:
4961:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4939:Hamilton (1839)
4937:
4933:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4865:Bushnell (2019)
4863:
4856:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4785:, eds. (1848),
4773:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4627:
4623:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4583:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4554:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4513:
4506:
4481:
4477:
4469:
4465:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4385:Oudemans (1892)
4383:
4379:
4369:Systema Naturae
4365:Bushnell (2019)
4363:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4329:Speculum regiae
4323:
4316:
4292:
4283:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4250:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4164:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4139:
4132:
4119:
4112:
4097:
4096:
4089:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4029:Jakobsen, Jakob
4027:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4010:
4003:"krÀkla sbst.2"
4001:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3977:"krÀkel sbst.4"
3975:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3951:"krÀkel sbst.3"
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3900:"krÀkel sbst.1"
3898:
3897:
3893:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3741:
3740:
3727:
3719:
3710:
3699:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3659:
3651:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3570:
3566:
3545:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3424:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3334:
3325:
3318:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3282:Hamilton (1839)
3280:
3271:
3242:
3241:
3224:
3209:Pennant, Thomas
3207:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3102:Sepia octopodia
3085:
3081:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3034:
3030:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2994:
2963:
2959:
2951:This is called
2950:
2946:
2902:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2855:Ărvar-Odds saga
2852:
2848:
2828:
2824:
2813:
2811:Nordlandene len
2804:
2800:
2783:
2779:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2745:(pondweed) and
2740:
2736:
2723:
2719:
2691:fall. The word
2682:
2678:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2648:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2500:
2445:Game of Thrones
2354:
2348:
2334:Herman Melville
2321:Alfred Tennyson
2278:Channel Islands
2241:
2223:
2217:
2128:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2029:(1539), detail.
2024:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1980:
1945:
1911:Sepia octopodia
1904:
1896:Systema Naturae
1858:Systema Naturae
1782:Systema Naturae
1765:
1746:
1702:
1687:Sepia octopodia
1665:
1557:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1489:discouraged by
1465:
1461:
1448:Gorgonocephalus
1398:Gorgonocephalus
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1264:
1223:
1192:
1172:
1163:Ărvar-Odds saga
1103:
1093:
1081:Speculum Regale
1067:
1061:
999:
997:Nordlandene len
977:
853:
790:
780:for "whale", a
736:, a species of
727:diminutive form
650:
545:
540:
537:
534:
505:
439:
422:
419:
416:
413:
395:grapnel anchors
374:diminutive form
366:Swedish Academy
349:
346:
343:
340:
314:("the krake").
293:
284:Systema Naturae
195:Francesco Negri
131:
127:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
110:
102:
101:
93:
79:
70:
69:
68:
59:. Engraving by
53:
44:
43:
42:Kraken vs. ship
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8973:
8971:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8932:
8931:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8905:
8900:
8894:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8875:
8866:
8857:
8847:
8845:
8841:
8840:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8824:YsÀtters-Kajsa
8819:
8814:
8805:
8796:
8787:
8778:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8750:
8745:
8744:
8743:
8734:
8725:
8716:
8698:
8693:
8684:
8675:
8666:
8657:
8648:
8643:
8634:
8625:
8616:
8615:
8614:
8604:
8599:
8590:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8547:
8537:
8535:
8531:
8530:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8513:
8506:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8481:
8480:External links
8478:
8476:
8475:
8455:(March 1818).
8449:
8437:Verrill, A. E.
8433:
8422:
8409:
8385:
8371:
8358:
8344:
8328:
8316:
8292:
8278:
8265:
8251:
8229:
8209:
8199:Finnur JĂłnsson
8195:
8182:
8165:
8141:
8129:Des mollusques
8117:
8111:
8094:
8078:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8029:
8003:
7972:
7948:
7922:
7915:
7888:
7886:, p. 147.
7876:
7869:
7847:
7825:
7803:
7783:
7776:
7756:
7721:
7693:
7677:Discovery News
7663:
7649:
7600:
7581:
7570:on 14 May 2019
7546:
7510:
7503:
7475:
7453:
7431:
7427:Verrill (1882)
7419:
7415:Verrill (1882)
7407:
7395:
7383:
7352:
7340:
7324:
7309:
7297:
7284:
7282:, p. 263.
7272:
7270:, p. 262.
7260:
7258:, p. 244.
7248:
7236:
7224:
7205:
7181:
7161:
7139:
7116:
7109:
7087:
7080:
7060:
7033:
7021:
6995:
6973:
6937:
6911:
6890:
6883:
6869:Ellis, Richard
6860:
6840:
6829:Figuier, Louis
6820:
6796:
6784:
6773:Theodorus Haak
6754:
6747:
6724:
6694:
6671:
6649:
6625:
6600:
6588:
6561:
6528:
6494:
6489:Theodorus Haak
6470:
6442:
6440:, p. 103.
6430:
6403:
6388:
6386:, p. 258.
6376:
6364:
6362:, p. 331.
6352:
6339:
6324:
6312:
6300:
6267:
6240:
6238:, p. 405.
6225:
6213:
6197:
6195:, p. 100.
6182:
6180:, p. 386.
6170:
6145:
6132:
6114:
6112:, p. 152.
6102:
6100:, p. 148.
6090:
6071:
6059:
6012:
5996:
5980:
5959:
5954:, p. 258
5940:
5920:Lamarck, 1816"
5903:
5879:
5859:Retzius, 1783"
5845:
5798:
5796:, p. 126.
5783:
5771:
5752:
5736:
5720:
5708:
5677:
5663:
5661:, p. 216.
5651:
5603:
5590:
5573:
5558:
5540:
5519:
5508:Gesner, Conrad
5499:
5479:
5459:
5457:, p. 124.
5444:
5428:
5404:
5379:
5345:
5324:
5322:, p. 190.
5309:
5270:
5259:
5235:
5193:
5181:
5153:
5133:
5121:
5101:
5099:, p. 332.
5089:
5087:, p. 212.
5077:
5051:
5027:
5001:
4985:
4970:
4955:
4943:
4931:
4911:
4909:, p. 372.
4899:
4892:
4869:
4854:
4824:
4818:
4796:
4775:Keyser, Rudolf
4766:
4760:
4735:
4733:, p. 649.
4723:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4665:, ed. (1878).
4654:
4642:
4628:The Norwegian
4621:
4596:
4581:
4559:
4552:
4527:
4504:
4475:
4463:
4446:
4437:, ed. (1845).
4423:
4411:
4389:
4387:, p. 414.
4377:
4357:
4337:
4327:, p. 11:
4314:
4281:
4258:
4248:
4228:
4221:
4199:
4192:
4152:
4130:
4110:
4099:Gesner, Conrad
4087:
4075:Brenner, Oscar
4058:
4020:
3994:
3968:
3942:
3917:
3891:
3872:
3870:, p. 214.
3860:
3842:
3822:
3805:
3803:, p. 647.
3793:
3791:, p. 256.
3778:
3776:, p. 210.
3763:
3756:
3725:
3723:, p. 340.
3708:
3688:
3657:
3636:
3619:"krake sbst.3"
3610:
3593:"krake sbst.2"
3581:
3564:
3534:
3517:"krake sbst.2"
3508:
3491:"krake sbst.1"
3482:
3465:"krake sbst.4"
3447:
3422:
3378:
3363:
3346:
3323:
3316:
3302:Montgomery, Sy
3290:
3269:
3246:(March 1872).
3244:Packard, A. S.
3222:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3172:
3159:
3150:
3138: >
3130: >
3124:Medieval Latin
3115:
3106:
3079:
3077:, p. 309.
3071:raisins de mer
3058:
3049:
3043:, held by the
3028:
3006:
2992:
2986:, old name of
2957:
2944:
2879:
2867:
2846:
2822:
2798:
2777:
2760:
2751:
2734:
2717:
2676:
2659:
2646:
2618:grapnel anchor
2574:
2568:also, leading
2557:
2548:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2428:At World's End
2394:Sea of Thieves
2389:Seattle Kraken
2350:Main article:
2347:
2344:
2336:'s 1851 novel
2240:
2237:
2229:Mark McMenamin
2226:Paleontologist
2219:Main article:
2216:
2213:
2127:
2124:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1979:
1976:
1944:
1941:
1920:William Turton
1916:Sepia octopusa
1907:Thomas Pennant
1903:
1900:
1833:Francesco Redi
1823:(âwhale) type
1764:
1761:
1745:
1740:
1723:Ville de Paris
1701:
1699:Ville de Paris
1695:
1664:
1661:
1556:
1555:Denys-Montfort
1553:
1532:
1531:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1408:Phrynophiurida
1341:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1263:
1260:
1222:
1219:
1207:Finnur JĂłnsson
1171:
1168:
1063:Main article:
1060:
1057:
976:
973:
953:Denys-Montfort
852:
849:
845:suction vortex
789:
786:
680:common octopus
649:
646:
645:
644:
643:â anchor-troll
636:
633:grapnel anchor
616:
604:
592:
591:) â sea-harrow
580:
522:Finnur JĂłnsson
504:
501:
493:Finnur JĂłnsson
465:grapnel anchor
437:pole blockages
292:
289:
224:Denys-Montfort
199:Dano-Norwegian
111:
104:
103:
89:, engraved by
80:
73:
72:
71:
54:
47:
46:
45:
41:
40:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8972:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8882:
8881:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8837:
8826:
8825:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8757:
8756:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8741:
8740:
8735:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8676:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8617:
8613:
8610:
8609:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8597:
8596:
8591:
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8587:
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8577:
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8567:
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8472:
8468:
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8429:
8423:
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8415:
8410:
8407:
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8398:
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8386:
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8381:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8364:
8359:
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8349:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8306:
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8293:
8289:
8288:
8283:
8279:
8275:
8271:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8252:
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8235:
8230:
8226:
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8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8188:
8183:
8180:
8175:
8171:
8166:
8163:
8159:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8053:
8049:
8042:
8041:
8033:
8030:
8017:
8013:
8007:
8004:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7973:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7952:
7949:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7923:
7918:
7916:1-55750-877-1
7912:
7908:
7907:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7880:
7877:
7872:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7834:
7828:
7826:0-7914-5518-1
7822:
7818:
7814:
7807:
7804:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7784:
7779:
7773:
7769:
7768:
7760:
7757:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7725:
7722:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7697:
7694:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7667:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7650:
7645:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7611:
7604:
7601:
7596:
7592:
7585:
7582:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7550:
7547:
7534:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7514:
7511:
7506:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7487:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7457:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7428:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7411:
7408:
7404:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7387:
7384:
7380:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7344:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7281:
7280:Ashton (1890)
7276:
7273:
7269:
7268:Ashton (1890)
7264:
7261:
7257:
7256:Ashton (1890)
7252:
7249:
7245:
7244:Ashton (1890)
7240:
7237:
7233:
7232:Ashton (1890)
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7169:Ashton (1890)
7165:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7126:
7120:
7117:
7112:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7091:
7088:
7083:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7064:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7022:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7006:(July 1875),
7005:
6999:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6974:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6903:Richard Ellis
6900:
6894:
6891:
6886:
6884:1-4617-4896-8
6880:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6844:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6812:Sepia octopus
6809:
6805:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6788:
6785:
6775:. p. 82.
6774:
6770:
6769:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6715:. p. 75.
6714:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6695:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6629:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6592:
6589:
6585:. p. 64.
6584:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6552:. p. 78.
6551:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6480:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6466:poulpe commun
6463:
6462:Sepia octopus
6459:
6455:
6454:Sepia octopus
6451:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6310:, p. 91.
6309:
6304:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6268:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6209:Arbor marinus
6206:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6171:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6141:Ashton (1890)
6136:
6133:
6129:
6128:Trebius Niger
6125:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6063:
6060:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6013:
6010:, p. 217
6009:
6005:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5971:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5880:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5779:Bergen (1761)
5775:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5762:capita MedusĂŠ
5756:
5753:
5750:, p. 216
5749:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5718:, p. 78.
5717:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5594:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5577:
5574:
5571:, p. 14.
5570:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5288:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5260:1-870041-23-2
5256:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5189:Machan (2020)
5185:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5142:Bartsch, Paul
5137:
5134:
5130:
5129:MĂŒller (1802)
5125:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5078:
5072:
5071:91-7586-023-6
5068:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4867:, p. 56.
4866:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4724:
4721:, pp. 323â338
4720:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4707:Crantz, David
4702:
4699:
4696:, p. 85.
4695:
4690:
4687:
4684:, p. 47.
4683:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4536:Ruickbie, Leo
4531:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4419:MĂŒller (1802)
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4249:5-02-002481-3
4245:
4241:
4240:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4222:1-57607-283-5
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4193:0-904180-43-3
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4142:Machan (2020)
4137:
4135:
4131:
4128:above/right).
4127:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3831:Knudsen, Knud
3826:
3823:
3820:, p. 49.
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3562:(5): 272â276.
3561:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3317:9781501161148
3313:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3284:. Plate XXX,
3283:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:Ancient Greek
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:) appears on
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3045:Royal Library
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:heterogeneis
3019:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2953:arbor marinus
2948:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2644:, 'to crawl'.
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2575:
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2529:
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2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2479:Kraken Catena
2475:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2457:House Greyjoy
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:God of War II
2396:
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2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:Marvel Comics
2372:
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2367:
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2263:
2256:
2252:
2251:
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2222:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2158:A. E. Verrill
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2039:
2028:
2018:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:§Olaus Magnus
1963:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1885:Louis Figuier
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:heterogeneis
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:Carl Linnaeus
1769:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1724:
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1676:
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1660:
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1643:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:arbor marinus
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:for footnotes
1492:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:capita medusĂŠ
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1414:This ancient
1412:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
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1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1180:King's Mirror
1177:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:Baffin Island
1155:
1151:
1150:King's Mirror
1147:
1146:Greenland Sea
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:King's Mirror
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1086:King's Mirror
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
867:
862:
857:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
787:
785:
783:
779:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
723:
721:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
696:
691:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
648:Related words
647:
641:
637:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
614:
609:
605:
603:) â sea-krake
602:
597:
593:
590:
585:
581:
579:
575:
570:
566:
565:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
543:
529:
528:
523:
520:
516:
515:
510:
502:
500:
498:
494:
491:
487:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
457:
454:
449:
443:
438:
434:
429:
425:). Old Norse
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
334:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
290:
288:
286:
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280:
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260:
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214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
152:
125:
114:
108:
97:
92:
88:
84:
77:
66:
62:
58:
51:
37:
33:
19:
8960:Sea monsters
8645:
8486:
8466:
8460:
8444:
8427:
8417:
8406:digital copy
8396:
8379:
8366:
8352:
8339:
8323:
8296:
8286:
8273:
8270:"The Kraken"
8259:
8241:
8234:"The Kraken"
8224:
8220:
8203:
8190:
8179:digital copy
8173:
8158:digital copy
8152:
8128:
8102:
8089:
8072:
8063:Bibliography
8039:
8032:
8020:. Retrieved
8015:
8006:
7994:. Retrieved
7990:the original
7986:cgdclass.com
7985:
7975:
7961:
7951:
7939:. Retrieved
7934:
7925:
7905:
7897:Verne, Jules
7891:
7879:
7860:
7850:
7835:
7832:
7816:
7806:
7796:
7792:Hugo, Victor
7786:
7766:
7759:
7747:. Retrieved
7743:the original
7734:
7724:
7712:. Retrieved
7705:
7696:
7684:. Retrieved
7676:
7666:
7652:
7617:
7613:
7603:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7572:. Retrieved
7568:the original
7563:
7559:
7549:
7537:. Retrieved
7523:
7513:
7485:
7478:
7469:
7456:
7447:
7434:
7422:
7410:
7398:
7386:
7372:
7368:
7355:
7343:
7335:
7327:
7312:
7300:
7293:Carta marina
7292:
7287:
7275:
7263:
7251:
7239:
7227:
7219:
7216:
7208:
7198:
7193:
7176:
7172:
7164:
7155:
7142:
7132:
7119:
7100:
7097:"The Kraken"
7090:
7070:
7063:
7054:
7047:Olaus Magnus
7024:
7015:
7011:
6998:
6988:
6976:
6964:. Retrieved
6960:the original
6954:
6927:
6914:
6906:
6893:
6873:
6863:
6855:
6843:
6833:
6823:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6799:
6787:
6767:
6757:
6737:
6727:
6707:
6697:
6688:
6665:
6652:
6638:
6628:
6619:
6596:Lovén (1887)
6591:
6577:
6558:(in Swedish)
6544:
6523:
6515:
6510:
6483:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6433:
6419:
6406:
6379:
6367:
6355:
6348:three-master
6342:
6327:
6315:
6303:
6293:
6261:
6216:
6208:
6200:
6173:
6164:
6135:
6121:
6117:
6105:
6093:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6062:
6029:
6025:
6015:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5943:
5931:. Retrieved
5923:
5917:
5898:
5894:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5862:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5830:
5826:
5812:
5806:
5801:
5774:
5755:
5739:
5731:
5723:
5711:
5693:
5686:
5680:
5671:
5666:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5576:
5569:Lyman (1865)
5551:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5502:
5492:
5482:
5474:
5462:
5431:
5423:
5417:
5398:
5370:. Retrieved
5362:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5334:
5327:
5320:Lyman (1865)
5300:. Retrieved
5292:
5286:
5264:
5249:
5238:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5196:
5184:
5156:
5146:
5136:
5124:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5074:(in Swedish)
5062:
5030:
5022:
5018:
4988:
4964:
4958:
4946:
4934:
4914:
4902:
4882:
4872:
4848:
4844:
4827:
4809:
4799:
4790:
4787:"Chapter 12"
4769:
4747:
4738:
4726:
4711:
4701:
4694:Egede (1741)
4689:
4682:Egede (1741)
4677:
4667:
4657:
4650:Egede (1745)
4645:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4599:
4592:Egede (1745)
4575:
4562:
4543:
4530:
4523:Egede (1763)
4519:Egede (1745)
4515:Egede (1741)
4483:
4478:
4471:Egede (1741)
4466:
4456:
4449:
4439:
4414:
4405:
4392:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4298:Egede (1745)
4294:Egede (1741)
4276:
4271:
4261:
4253:
4238:
4231:
4212:
4202:
4179:
4174:
4170:Foote, Peter
4166:Olaus Magnus
4103:
4082:
4078:
4067:Olaus Magnus
4061:
4053:
4050:
4036:
4023:
4011:. Retrieved
4009:(in Swedish)
4006:
3997:
3985:. Retrieved
3983:(in Swedish)
3980:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3957:(in Swedish)
3954:
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:
3920:
3908:. Retrieved
3906:(in Swedish)
3903:
3894:
3875:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3818:Egede (1741)
3796:
3747:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:runeberg.org
3674:
3627:. Retrieved
3625:(in Swedish)
3622:
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3599:(in Swedish)
3596:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3525:. Retrieved
3523:(in Swedish)
3520:
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3497:(in Swedish)
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3471:(in Swedish)
3468:
3441:
3416:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3306:
3258:(3): 78â79.
3255:
3251:
3216:
3175:
3162:
3153:
3118:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3061:
3052:
3047:, Stockholm.
3036:
3031:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2915:
2910:
2887:
2886:Cf. kraken
2882:
2870:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2754:
2737:
2720:
2713:Sea-mischief
2712:
2706:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2613:
2577:
2565:
2560:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2484:crater chain
2477:
2463:
2461:
2426:
2420:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2378:
2369:(1953), the
2364:
2361:John Wyndham
2358:
2355:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2313:
2312:(squid) and
2309:
2305:
2295:
2289:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2248:
2224:
2183:
2173:
2169:Moses Harvey
2165:Architeuthis
2164:
2162:
2154:Architeuthis
2153:
2139:
2137:
2119:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:Carta marina
2081:
2077:
2074:Olaus Magnus
2067:
2027:Carta marina
2026:
2022:Monster "M"
1981:
1978:Olaus Magnus
1964:
1961:
1954:
1934:
1931:James Wilson
1928:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1869:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1828:
1827:; Paullin's
1824:
1820:
1812:
1810:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1666:
1656:
1652:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:three-masted
1572:
1567:
1561:malacologist
1558:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:caput medusĂŠ
1426:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1406:
1405:, but under
1402:
1396:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1351:caput medusa
1350:
1342:
1325:
1311:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1276:Paul Bartsch
1265:
1249:
1242:
1238:Moskstraumen
1231:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1101:David Crantz
1098:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1037:sĂže-trold og
1020:
1015:
1011:
1008:
992:
988:
980:
978:
969:etymological
961:arbor marina
960:
956:
951:
942:
938:
920:
915:
901:
899:
890:
886:
878:
874:
872:
866:Carta marina
864:
818:
801:
797:
793:
791:
777:
773:
744:
729:
725:The Swedish
724:
717:
713:
706:Echte Kraken
705:
699:
693:
687:
683:
675:
667:
657:
653:
651:
628:
624:
612:
600:
588:
573:
552:
550:
525:
513:
512:
508:
506:
496:
482:
472:
468:
409:in Swedish (
406:
402:
398:
390:
381:
377:
369:
318:
316:
311:
303:
299:
294:
282:
278:
270:
266:
258:
253:
238:
232:
227:
221:malacologist
206:
184:
123:
121:
83:pen and wash
64:
61:W. H. Lizars
36:
8880:PÄskkÀrring
8574:Church grim
8145:Egede, Hans
7941:21 November
7884:Nigg (2014)
7614:Geosciences
7381:via Google.
7018:: 4526â4532
7004:More, A. G.
6924:"47. Sepia"
6781:(in French)
6721:(in German)
6289:Lovén, Sven
6098:Nigg (2014)
5976:SeaLifeBase
5947:Blumenbach
5832:G. eucnemis
5819: [
5698:Rondeletius
5643:A. lamarcki
5639:A. eucnemis
5624:Astrophyton
5615:Astrophyton
5526:Linnaeus's
5424:SeaLifeBase
5341:SeaLifeBase
5233:, pp. 44â45
5220:krabbfisken
5065:. Settern.
5043:Orlogs-skib
4351:(English);
4041:; Cited in
3374:Nigg (2014)
2930:TrollhÀttan
2903: [
2896:Krabbfisken
2814: [
2747:Zostera Lin
2638:Old English
2504:Akkorokamui
2465:Kraken Mare
2316:(octopus).
2302:giant squid
2286:Jules Verne
2262:Victor Hugo
2255:Jules Verne
2200:crustaceans
2180:giant squid
2150:giant squid
2126:Giant squid
1957:iconography
1943:Iconography
1892:microcosmus
1878:Meertrauben
1870:Microcosmus
1862:blackletter
1813:Microcosmus
1787:Microcosmus
1543:octopus of
1506:quick guide
1318: [
1280:giant squid
1221:Pontoppidan
1193: [
1148:) from the
1104: [
1094: 1250
1024:Fiske-Grund
1000: [
895:sea-serpent
806:sea monster
763:, but also
747:(dialectal
701:Octopodidae
640:anker-trold
519:philologist
490:philologist
440: [
401:, but also
360:dictionary
259:Microcosmus
249:Jules Verne
243:octopus of
235:Victor Hugo
213:Pontoppidan
180:giant squid
160:sea monster
94: [
8934:Categories
8853:Askeladden
8662:Marmennill
8630:Gjenganger
8586:Deildegast
8569:Changeling
8403:, 340â345.
8255:Lee, Henry
8022:13 October
8016:WorldAtlas
7749:12 October
7714:12 October
7686:11 October
7539:2 December
7403:Lee (1884)
7334:, p. 12: "
7305:Lee (1884)
7148:Lee, Henry
6966:19 January
6778:(in Latin)
6718:(in Latin)
6555:(in Latin)
6438:Lee (1875)
6399:Lee (1875)
6193:Lee (1875)
6086:Lee (1875)
5933:28 January
5891:Blumenbach
5872:28 January
5837:F. J. Bell
5635:A. linckii
5599:A. linckii
5372:28 January
5302:28 January
5097:Lee (1884)
4925:(German);
4638:spĂžkelser
4353:vid. infra
4347:(Danish);
4104:Fisch-Buch
3703:, p.
3389:"kraken".
3359:Lee (1875)
3187:References
3094:cuttlefish
3024:compilatis
2980:A. euryale
2976:Blumenbach
2387:, and the
2346:Modern use
2329:The Kraken
2176:Otto Latva
2174:Historian
1989:Schweinwal
1955:As to the
1815:, namely:
1673:Saint-Malo
1648:vastissima
1634:von Bergen
1443:von Bergen
1324:(old name
1245:man-of-war
985:Hans Egede
947:Hans Egede
782:taboo word
775:Shetlandic
761:cephalopod
714:kolkrabbar
689:jÀttekrake
601:sĂže-kraken
589:sĂže-horven
486:cephalopod
203:Hans Egede
168:cephalopod
57:cephalopod
8767:Troll cat
8621:Fossegrim
8579:Cyprianus
8552:BÀckahÀst
8391:(1753a).
8221:Islandica
8147:(1741) .
7959:(2001) .
7833:Discourse
7644:2076-3263
7620:(3): 80.
7464:(1887b).
6816:octopodia
6735:(2015) .
6167:(88): 23.
5956:loc. cit.
5694:Zee-sonne
5690:Star-fish
5553:Ophiurida
5231:Kap. XVII
5165:Norwegian
5113:Sneglenes
4929:(English)
4845:Islandica
4540:"Hafgufa"
4402:"Kra'ken"
4269:(1701) ,
4069:(1887) .
4051:Antiquary
3527:31 August
3501:31 August
3192:Citations
3168:Jasconius
3041:Mennander
2934:Leviathan
2842:Greenland
2685:sĂže-trold
2622:Old Norse
2582:Norwegian
2519:Leviathan
2363:'s novel
2339:Moby-Dick
2146:Henry Lee
2116:Bartholin
2106:Auslegung
2089:Ashton's
1835:'s giant
1748:The ship
1657:Teufelwal
1625:Hyas spp.
1620:Seekrabbe
1589:engraving
1584:distrahit
1514:July 2023
1478:loc. cit.
1418:(admixed
1403:Ophiurida
1389:ophiurids
1268:Alstahaug
1252:Henry Lee
1234:whirlpool
1027:'fishing
971:grounds.
937:, in his
923:Norwegian
891:sciu-crak
879:sciu-crak
749:Norwegian
738:red algae
719:kolkrabbi
710:Icelandic
596:sĂže-krake
559:were, in
555:given by
448:boat hook
433:Icelandic
323:Old Norse
310:forms of
297:Norwegian
291:Etymology
263:Bartholin
164:etymology
157:legendary
113:Colorized
8912:See also
8783:VardĂžger
8543:Askafroa
8439:(1882),
8377:(1892).
8363:"Kraken"
8350:(1865).
8334:(1813).
8320:"Kraken"
8284:(1865).
8257:(1875),
8215:(1938),
8123:(1801).
8084:(1761).
7899:(1993).
7844:41389633
7794:(1866).
7597:(5): 87.
7442:(1920).
7363:(1986),
7150:(1883),
7127:(1572).
7049:(1555).
6922:(1806),
6871:(2006).
6831:(1866).
6765:(1756).
6705:(1748).
6660:(1686).
6636:(1684).
6614:(1657).
6575:(1740).
6542:(1748).
6481:(1735).
6414:(1848).
6291:(1887).
6256:(1678).
6054:41963484
6026:Vivarium
5510:(1575).
5490:(1876).
5266:Kalmar..
5247:(1994),
5204:(1836),
4839:(1924),
4731:W (1818)
4709:(1820).
4640:as well.
4607:(1936),
4570:(1887),
4538:(2016).
4492:Nordland
4400:(1896).
4209:"Kraken"
4168:(1998).
4101:(1670).
4045:(1910).
4031:(1921),
3930:havet.nu
3926:"KrÀkel"
3833:(1862).
3801:W (1818)
3575:, s.v. "
3546:(1849).
3438:"kraken"
3414:(1901),
3304:(2016).
3264:44648937
3248:"Kraken"
3211:(1777).
3145:ÎșÎŹÎŒÎŒÎ±ÏÎżÏ
3136:cammarus
3128:gambarus
2974:, which
2863:lyngbakr
2838:Speculum
2702:spĂžgelse
2689:sĂže-drau
2524:Globster
2498:See also
2490:'s moon
2472:'s moon
2439:and its
2383:and its
2280:(in the
2268:(1866, "
2233:Triassic
2192:starfish
1997:Bart-wal
1933:for the
1837:tunicate
1736:DeFrance
1697:Warship
1608:Paullini
1272:crawling
1122:and the
1043:spĂžgelse
912:starfish
841:skerries
765:crosiers
659:Octopoda
584:sĂže-horv
507:Besides
503:Synonyms
308:definite
275:Paullini
255:Linnaeus
245:Guernsey
8891:Origins
8774:Valravn
8739:SkogsrÄ
8712:BergsrÄ
8689:Nis Puk
8639:Helhest
8612:Erlking
8471:645-654
8240:(ed.),
8054:. 1766.
8048:Bibcode
7996:8 April
7622:Bibcode
7379:snippet
7179:(1883).
6814:(recté
6808:passim.
6646:Tab. 21
6426:escadre
6336:p. 326a
5816:
5702:Gessner
5536:polypus
5528:polypus
5214:Det ar
4496:Harstad
4333:hafgufa
4310:Hafgufa
4306:Kracken
4302:Hafgufa
4172:(ed.).
4077:(ed.).
4013:20 June
4007:saob.se
3987:20 June
3981:saob.se
3961:20 June
3955:saob.se
3935:20 June
3910:12 July
3904:saob.se
3851:"draug"
3681:12 July
3629:12 July
3623:saob.se
3603:12 July
3597:saob.se
3521:saob.se
3495:saob.se
3475:12 July
3469:saob.se
3401:krakjen
3286:p. 326a
3213:"Sepia"
3015:tegmen
2926:fathoms
2892:Swedish
2859:hafgufa
2726:Swedish
2672:Krabben
2601:
2590:Swedish
2514:Cthulhu
2488:Neptune
2297:Alecton
2274:pieuvre
2208:octopus
2141:Alecton
2120:hafgufa
2072:writer
2070:Swedish
2001:Gessner
1842:Ascidia
1825:hafgufa
1799:variis
1796:Corpus
1779:in his
1750:Niagara
1743:Niagara
1710:Niagara
1680:Packard
1653:trolwal
1645:omnium
1642:marina
1639:bellua
1545:Carteia
1541:polypus
1383:called
1381:Gessner
1377:polypus
1315:
1290:krabben
1215:hafgufa
1211:inkfish
1201:hafgufa
1178:in the
1176:hafgufa
1135:hafgufa
1124:hafgufa
1099:Later,
1076:hafgufa
1065:hafgufa
1059:Hafgufa
1016:hafgufa
987:in his
965:inkfish
957:polypus
916:polypus
903:hafgufa
861:Gessner
829:plummet
825:fathoms
814:Iceland
664:Swedish
625:krabben
535:
475:in the
446:" and "
414:
387:anchors
358:Swedish
354:cognate
341:
304:krakjen
271:hafgufa
269:called
240:pieuvre
217:octopus
208:hafgufa
176:Iceland
155:) is a
18:Cracken
8862:Blenda
8844:People
8801:VĂŠttir
8755:SkrĂžmt
8721:Hulder
8671:Myling
8646:Kraken
8595:Draugr
8534:Beings
8401:xvi(?)
8310:
8227:: 4â17
8109:
7913:
7867:
7842:
7823:
7774:
7642:
7574:18 May
7524:Nature
7501:
7321:p. 427
7107:
7078:
6881:
6810:gives
6745:
6052:
5732:kraken
5601:, etc.
5532:polype
5475:kraken
5257:
5216:kraken
5175:; cf.
5069:
5039:Danish
5015:Kraken
4890:
4816:
4758:
4719:Note X
4717:; Cf.
4550:
4246:
4219:
4190:
4126:figure
4047:Review
3884:Danish
3754:
3705:xvi(?)
3677:. 1884
3403:, the
3397:kraken
3395:Norw.
3314:
3262:
3067:French
3001:ozaena
2922:Kalmar
2832:after
2807:Kraken
2788:" or "
2775:, etc.
2668:Kraxen
2642:crabba
2634:krabbe
2626:krabbi
2594:krabba
2586:Krabbe
2492:Triton
2470:Saturn
2412:Dredge
2371:Kraken
2325:sonnet
2314:poulpe
2310:calmar
2306:kraken
2196:whales
2098:legend
2078:kraken
2068:While
1993:German
1985:German
1972:Dingle
1874:German
1854:kraken
1805:tectum
1691:poulpe
1669:Angola
1616:German
1595:ship.
1549:ozaena
1429:; pl.
1370:kraken
1154:kraken
1139:kraken
1120:kraken
1053:Drauen
1049:Danish
1033:Danish
943:kraken
869:(1539)
810:Norway
802:horven
796:("the
794:kraken
778:krekin
757:whisks
753:krekle
745:krÀkla
730:krÀkel
676:Kraken
672:German
670:) and
668:krakar
620:krabbe
613:kraxen
578:harrow
574:horven
561:Danish
542:harrow
514:horven
509:kraken
497:krabbe
473:krabbe
407:krabba
403:krabbe
300:kraken
273:, and
228:Octupi
191:mythos
172:Norway
124:kraken
100:, 1801
8810:VÇ«rĂ°r
8792:Vargr
8762:Troll
8748:Selma
8730:SjörÄ
8680:Nisse
8602:Dwarf
8564:Bysen
8236:, in
8044:(PDF)
7840:JSTOR
7375:: 181
6520:Halle
6514:[
6050:JSTOR
5924:WoRMS
5897:and "
5863:WoRMS
5823:]
5696:, by
5363:WoRMS
5293:WoRMS
4634:troll
4630:trold
4500:Troms
4178:[
4073:. In
4056:: 157
3419:: 754
3260:JSTOR
3132:Latin
3098:Sepia
3089:Sepia
2918:Ăland
2907:]
2818:]
2794:krake
2708:draug
2697:draug
2655:krake
2544:Sepia
2509:Cetus
2482:is a
2474:Titan
2453:sigil
2431:. In
2308:with
1890:Sepia
1850:Lovén
1821:cetus
1791:Latin
1579:Latin
1575:Pliny
1472:ibid.
1416:arbor
1362:arbor
1322:]
1197:]
1108:]
1071:krake
1029:shoal
1012:krake
1004:]
981:krake
975:Egede
927:krake
914:or a
883:Negri
875:krake
837:lings
798:krake
654:krake
608:kraxe
553:krake
469:krake
453:kraki
444:]
428:kraki
399:krake
391:drags
382:krake
372:as a
333:krĂłkr
327:kraki
319:krake
312:krake
267:cetus
98:]
8871:Disa
8696:Neck
8653:Mara
8559:BĂžyg
8308:ISBN
8137:via
8107:ISBN
8024:2023
7998:2019
7943:2011
7911:ISBN
7865:ISBN
7821:ISBN
7772:ISBN
7751:2011
7716:2011
7688:2011
7640:ISSN
7576:2023
7541:2020
7499:ISBN
7105:ISBN
7076:ISBN
6968:2022
6879:ISBN
6743:ISBN
6644:and
6139:cf.
6083:apud
5949:apud
5935:2022
5874:2022
5835:was
5700:and
5649:spp.
5374:2022
5304:2022
5255:ISBN
5242:Cf.
5067:ISBN
4888:ISBN
4814:ISBN
4756:ISBN
4548:ISBN
4244:ISBN
4217:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4140:Cf.
4015:2023
3989:2023
3963:2023
3937:2023
3912:2023
3752:ISBN
3683:2023
3631:2023
3605:2023
3529:2023
3503:2023
3477:2023
3312:ISBN
2999:The
2920:off
2861:and
2786:BĂŠst
2693:drau
2614:drag
2607:crab
2598:lit.
2447:and
2409:and
2102:Iona
2096:The
1866:NCSU
1708:The
1636:'s "
1487:are
1484:idem
1481:and
1420:rota
1366:rota
1347:Bell
1083:(or
979:The
877:as "
835:and
812:and
767:and
629:drag
576:) â
569:horv
532:lit.
527:harv
420:crab
411:lit.
389:and
378:krok
370:krak
362:SAOB
347:hook
338:lit.
189:and
174:and
122:The
8607:Elf
8453:W,
8301:doi
7630:doi
7528:doi
7491:doi
7194:aka
6350:.."
6042:doi
6038:152
6034:151
5974:in
5422:in
5339:in
5017:".
4488:len
4144:: "
3018:ex
2938:Job
2936:of
2909:in
2888:aka
2771:,
2670:or
2455:of
2441:HBO
2373:of
2264:'s
2253:by
2156:by
1918:by
1819:'s
1808:).
1610:'s
1435:ova
1256:ink
1137:as
1110:in
1096:).
885:in
833:cod
662:in
471:or
376:of
302:or
277:'s
265:'s
230:).
85:by
8936::
8703:RĂ„
8465:.
8459:.
8443:,
8416:.
8395:.
8365:,
8338:.
8322:,
8272:.
8246:.
8225:27
8223:,
8219:,
8189:.
8172:.
8151:.
8133:;
8127:.
8088:.
8014:.
7984:.
7965:.
7933:.
7836:24
7815:.
7737:.
7733:.
7704:.
7679:.
7675:.
7638:.
7628:.
7618:13
7616:.
7612:.
7595:43
7593:.
7564:43
7562:.
7558:.
7526:.
7522:.
7497:.
7468:.
7446:.
7377:;
7373:40
7371:,
7367:,
7319:,
7220:42
7184:^
7171:.
7154:,
7134:..
7131:.
7099:.
7053:.
7036:^
7016:10
7010:,
6987:,
6952:.
6940:^
6926:,
6818:).
6687:.
6674:^
6664:.
6618:.
6603:^
6564:^
6531:^
6497:^
6456:.
6428:".
6418:.
6391:^
6270:^
6260:.
6243:^
6228:^
6185:^
6163:.
6148:^
6048:.
6040:.
6036:,
6032::
6028:.
6024:.
5926:.
5922:.
5906:^
5865:.
5861:.
5821:nl
5786:^
5641:,
5637:,
5561:^
5556:).
5447:^
5407:^
5397:,
5382:^
5365:.
5361:.
5312:^
5295:.
5291:.
5273:^
5263:,
5208:,
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5054:^
5045:;
5041::
5023:12
5021:.
5004:^
4973:^
4921:;
4857:^
4849:15
4847:,
4843:,
4834:;
4808:,
4789:,
4781:;
4777:;
4746:,
4611:,
4584:^
4574:,
4542:.
4507:^
4426:^
4404:.
4317:^
4284:^
4252:,
4211:.
4155:^
4133:^
4113:^
4090:^
4054:46
4049:,
4035:,
4005:.
3979:.
3953:.
3928:.
3902:.
3886::
3853:.
3808:^
3781:^
3766:^
3746:.
3728:^
3711:^
3691:^
3673:.
3660:^
3639:^
3621:.
3595:.
3584:^
3560:18
3553:.
3537:^
3519:.
3493:.
3467:.
3450:^
3440:.
3425:^
3410:=
3405:-n
3399:,
3381:^
3366:^
3349:^
3338:,
3326:^
3293:^
3272:^
3254:.
3250:.
3225:^
3215:.
3200:^
3142::
3134::
3126::
3069::
3037:SN
2905:sv
2894::
2816:no
2728::
2640::
2636:,
2632::
2624::
2592::
2588:,
2584::
2494:.
2476:.
2403:,
2397:,
2198:,
2194:,
2160:.
2152:,
1995::
1987::
1876::
1793::
1682:.
1618::
1603:.
1581::
1475:,
1320:nl
1217:.
1195:sv
1188:.
1166:.
1141:.
1106:de
1091:c.
1089:,
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1002:no
949:.
933:,
925::
897:.
816:.
771:.
751::
722:.
563::
442:sv
352:,
336:,
148:Én
142:ÉË
96:fr
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8467:2
8314:.
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8026:.
8000:.
7969:.
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7873:.
7829:.
7780:.
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7690:.
7646:.
7632::
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7507:.
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145:k
139:r
136:k
133:Ë
130:/
126:(
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