516:
38:
72:
678:
584:) have been cultured and occur naturally. The crossing of a black crappie female and white crappie male has better survival and growth rates among offspring than the reciprocal cross does. Hybrid crappie are difficult to distinguish from black crappie by appearance alone. Fingerling yields are variable in culture. The hybrid offspring are fertile, black crappie female and white crappie male crosses more so than the reciprocal.
593:
488:
573:. Larval crappies rely on crustacean zooplankton as a food source. The availability of zooplankton can have an effect on larval populations. By day, crappie tend to be less active and concentrate around weed beds or submerged objects, such as logs and boulders. They feed during dawn and dusk, by moving into open water or approaching the shore.
832:
In 2023, apparel company
Crappie Forever announced a promotion in which it would award prizes to those catching and releasing tagged crappie in certain Mississippi lakes, in order to further crappie conservation and enthusiasm for tournament fishing.
805:, for example, a fisherman may use only one rod during the open water season). Anglers who employ the spider rigging method may choose from among many popular baits, some of the most popular are plastic jigs with lead jigheads,
845:
states, were harvested commercially in the 19th and early 20th centuries. At one point, the annual crappie catch sold at fish markets in the United States was reported to be about 3 million pounds (1,400 t).
797:
for crappie is popular throughout much of North
America. Methods vary, but among the most popular is called "spider rigging", a method characterized by a fisherman in a boat with many long
1360:, "milk bag" because of the silvery olive appearance of the fish, or because of its extraordinarily white flesh. Read's further investigations, however, revealed that the Choctaw Indian
2164:
1697:
1546:
2061:
1506:
2159:
2087:
781:
1746:
2169:
1616:
509:
Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the
Mississippi River basins expanding from New York and southern Ontario westward to South Dakota and southward to Texas.
940:
841:
Before state fisheries departments began to implement more restrictive, conservation-minded regulations, a great number of crappies, especially in the
2174:
1331:
means a "bag of milk" therefore our French-speaking population has most appropriately named this fish) has an exceptionally fine and delicate flavor.
1175:
2035:
515:
2074:
1591:
1072:
1039:
549:
Both species of crappie as adults feed predominantly on smaller fish species, including the young of their own predators (which include the
1646:
1438:
1728:
820:
into the water to attract the fish to bite their bait. Crappies are also regularly targeted and caught during the spawning period by
1911:
1893:
1872:
1842:
1620:
774:
2126:
1410:
873:
Black crappie: 2.47 kg (5 lb 7 oz), caught by Lionel "Jam" Ferguson at
Richeison Pond in Tennessee on 15 May 2018
905:
950:
915:
801:
pointing away from the angler at various angles like spokes from a wheel (spider rigging is not permitted on some waters. In
2079:
1561:
497:
160:
1464:"Influence of Environmental Variables and Species Interactions on Sport Fish Communities in Small Missouri Impoundments"
976:
767:
1521:
1983:
971:
1742:
2092:
1807:
755:
526:
1624:
71:
1295:
1782:
1760:
445:), seemingly an allusion to its milky white flesh or silvery skin. The supposed French meaning is, however,
2154:
1923:
1186:
199:
37:
338:
326:
2113:
1988:
1306:, to which it was originally given, has been corrupted to "suckley perch" in Louisiana near New Orleans.
422:
20:
1382:
1150:
2131:
2009:
1970:
1475:
936:
901:
296:
629:
617:
187:
66:
1650:
2118:
1128:
2100:
2066:
1996:
1907:
1889:
1868:
1838:
1279:
1068:
1062:
1035:
1029:
945:
910:
842:
637:
621:
2105:
1483:
645:
450:
285:
217:
1672:
362:, which refers to many different fishes of the sunfish family. Other names for crappie are
1724:
1232:
1107:
729:
709:
677:
399:
354:
272:
1479:
592:
1883:
857:
until 2003. It was one of the few commercial fisheries for crappies in recent decades.
446:
113:
1227:
2148:
1961:
1698:"Fishing: Catch a tagged crappie in Mississippi and it could be worth cash or prizes"
1434:
1406:
1378:
1102:
850:
714:
625:
550:
533:
504:
288:
269:
143:
133:
49:
45:
1090:, "sharp", alluding to the opercles ending in two flat points instead of an ear flap
2001:
1299:
734:
719:
704:
649:
169:
1488:
1463:
1343:
1318:
2048:
1975:
1955:
1555:
1515:
1064:
Reproductive
Biology and Early Life History of Fishes in the Ohio River Drainage
821:
798:
694:
667:
653:
641:
562:
554:
403:
123:
1946:
1862:
981:
817:
724:
570:
454:
315:
1743:"Change in Reelfoot crappie population has brought ban on commercial fishing"
2022:
877:
854:
814:
806:
802:
613:
414:
292:
83:
876:
White crappie: 2.35 kg (5 lb 3 oz), caught by Fred Brigh at
487:
1940:
1447:
1419:
1391:
824:, and can be taken from frozen ponds and lakes in winter by ice fishing.
810:
689:
379:
103:
1003:
2040:
794:
750:
609:
558:
299:
265:
1049:: sharp opercle, in reference to the opercle bone ending in two spines
2053:
633:
566:
331:
319:
93:
1917:
2027:
1854:
America's
Favorite Fishing: A Complete Guide to Angling for Panfish
591:
276:
1597:. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. SRAC Publication No. 7212
612:
and are often considered to be among the best-tasting freshwater
866:
616:. Because of their diverse diets, crappie may be caught in many
1921:
2014:
314:
literally means "sharp cover", referring to the fish's spiny
676:
19:"Calico Bass" redirects here. For the marine blue fish, see
256:
235:
1135:
Crappie. U.S. Also crappé, croppie. A species of sunfish,
229:
250:
1808:"Looking at the World Record Crappie (White And Black)"
1902:
Nelson, Gary; Martin, Richard; Sutton, Keith (1991).
244:
223:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1541:
1539:
1501:
1499:
1325:
When properly cooked the white, flaky, juicy flesh (
1323:. Louisiana Dept. of Conservation. 1917. p. 9.
466:
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
253:
247:
232:
226:
1930:
291:(sunfishes). Both species of crappies are popular
241:
220:
1127:Murray, James Augustus Henry; et al. (1893).
939:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
904:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1462:Michaletz, P.H; Obrecht, D.V; Jones, J.R (2012).
1130:A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles
1028:Ross, Stephen T.; Brenneman, William Max (2001).
1906:. Minneapolis, MN: North American Fishing Club.
1835:The Sunfishes-A Fly Fishing Journey of Discovery
1590:Kelly, Anita M.; Baumhoer, Brandon (June 2014).
561:). They have diverse diets, however, including
318:(opercular bones). It is composed of the Greek
1468:North American Journal of Fisheries Management
1714:. 2nd ed. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1930.
1361:
1263:
1212:Ken Schultz's Field Guide to Freshwater Fish.
849:A commercial fishery for crappies existed at
775:
8:
1888:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Dillon Press Inc.
1351:
1326:
1289:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
869:, the current all-tackle world records are:
357:
2165:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1837:. Bennington, VT: Abenaki Publishers, Inc.
1677:Educational Fishing Information for Crappie
1280:"Common Names of the Basses and Sun-fishes"
1034:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 436.
430:
1918:
782:
768:
663:
36:
27:
1487:
1244:, by folk etymology (influence of French
1061:Wallus, Robert; Simon, Thomas P. (2008).
468:
16:Common name for two species of game fish
1298:and now apparently is applied to other
890:
742:
666:
1623:Ichthyology Department. Archived from
896:
894:
449:, because the word is ultimately from
1802:
1800:
1785:. International Game Fish Association
1763:. International Game Fish Association
1294:(bag of milk), which is heard in the
1222:
1220:
1214:Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
7:
2160:Freshwater fish of the United States
1725:"Commercial Crappie Fishing Stopped"
1348:. Vol. 9–10. 1940. p. 31.
941:"Genera in the family Centrarchidae"
1350:believed to have received its name
1151:"Louisiana Fisheries – Fact Sheets"
867:International Game Fish Association
809:or live minnows. Many anglers also
2170:Fauna of the Eastern United States
1745:. Kentucky New Era. 23 June 2001.
1712:The New International Encyclopedia
14:
1749:from the original on 28 May 2022.
1731:from the original on 28 May 2022.
1621:Florida Museum of Natural History
1592:"Species Profile: Hybrid Crappie"
1357:
1133:. Clarendon Press. p. 1141.
1067:. Vol. 6. CRC. p. 355.
1008:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
656:, as they are active in winter.
652:. Crappies are also popular with
538:eastern United States and Canada
2175:Extant Miocene first appearances
1547:"Comprehensive Report Species –
1507:"Comprehensive Report Species –
1031:The Inland Fishes of Mississippi
514:
486:
216:
70:
1810:. Premier Angler. 28 March 2020
1700:. Clarion Ledger. 4 June 2023.
1649:. In-Fisherman. Archived from
1286:. Gov't Printing Office: 357.
1233:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1108:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
980:(4th ed.). Archived from
951:California Academy of Sciences
916:California Academy of Sciences
345:The common name (also spelled
1:
1867:. New York: Stackpole Books.
1345:Louisiana Conservation Review
880:, Mississippi on 31 July 1957
1489:10.1080/02755947.2012.728173
977:American Heritage Dictionary
699:
608:species are highly regarded
332:
320:
1288:The euphonious French name
2191:
1284:Report of the Commissioner
337:
325:
18:
756:Index of fishing articles
193:
186:
175:
168:
67:Scientific classification
65:
44:
35:
30:
1861:Rice, F. Philip (1984).
1852:Rice, F. Philip (1964).
1437:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1409:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1395:. February 2013 version.
1381:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1296:lower Mississippi Valley
1885:Fly-Fishing for Panfish
1856:. New York: Harper Row.
1647:"Super Crappie Systems"
1362:
1278:Smith, Hugh M. (1904).
1264:
453:
426:
1549:Pomoxis nigromaculatus
1441:Pomoxis nigromaculatus
1352:
1327:
1290:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1178:Massachusetts Wildlife
681:
601:
358:
2114:Paleobiology Database
1727:. Reelfoot Outdoors.
1451:. March 2006 version.
1423:. March 2006 version.
937:Eschmeyer, William N.
902:Eschmeyer, William N.
680:
595:
21:Paralabrax clathratus
1833:Ellis, Jack (1993).
1564:on 14 September 2005
1256:to, for, and French
1155:seagrantfish.lsu.edu
984:on 26 September 2005
1882:Malo, John (1981).
1653:on 22 December 2006
1524:on 16 December 2006
1480:2012NAJFM..32.1146M
1262:milk) from Choctaw
1086:, "lid, cover" and
735:other sport fish...
458:, meaning "trout".
353:) derives from the
1383:"Species in genus
1238:"Louisiana French
1236:. Merriam-Webster.
1111:. Merriam-Webster.
837:Commercial fishing
682:
602:
2142:
2141:
2101:Open Tree of Life
1924:Taxon identifiers
1673:"Crappie Fishing"
1509:Pomoxis annularis
1413:Pomoxis annularis
1192:on 8 October 2012
1137:Pomoxys annularis
1074:978-1-4200-0361-1
1041:978-1-57806-246-1
946:Catalog of Fishes
911:Catalog of Fishes
865:According to the
843:Mississippi River
792:
791:
598:P. nigromaculatus
596:A black crappie (
578:Pomoxis annularis
542:
541:
530:
522:P. nigromaculatus
501:
209:
208:
203:
177:Pomoxis annularis
164:
55:P. nigromaculatus
2182:
2135:
2134:
2122:
2121:
2109:
2108:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2017:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1919:
1899:
1878:
1857:
1848:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1783:"Crappie, white"
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1761:"Crappie, black"
1757:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1587:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1560:. Archived from
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1520:. Archived from
1503:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1474:(6): 1146–1159.
1459:
1453:
1452:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1302:, as well as to
1293:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1185:. Archived from
1184:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
898:
784:
777:
770:
664:
576:Hybrid crappie (
524:
518:
496:
490:
469:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
398:(throughout the
361:
341:
335:
329:
323:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
198:
181:Rafinesque, 1818
159:
75:
74:
40:
28:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2065:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1926:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1832:
1829:
1827:Further reading
1824:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1627:on 27 July 2006
1617:"Black Crappie"
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1075:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
900:
899:
892:
887:
863:
861:Fishing records
839:
830:
788:
730:smallmouth bass
710:largemouth bass
670:
662:
590:
547:
475:Scientific name
464:
442:
439:
436:
433:
417:, it is called
400:Middle Atlantic
378:(especially in
368:strawberry bass
355:Canadian French
310:The genus name
308:
273:freshwater fish
240:
219:
215:
182:
179:
158:
69:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2058:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1952:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1796:
1774:
1752:
1734:
1716:
1703:
1689:
1664:
1638:
1608:
1575:
1535:
1495:
1454:
1435:Froese, Rainer
1426:
1407:Froese, Rainer
1398:
1379:Froese, Rainer
1370:
1335:
1310:
1270:
1216:
1210:Schultz, Ken.
1203:
1167:
1142:
1119:
1113:: "variant of
1094:
1073:
1053:
1040:
1020:
995:
963:
928:
889:
888:
886:
883:
882:
881:
874:
862:
859:
838:
835:
829:
826:
790:
789:
787:
786:
779:
772:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
753:
745:
744:
740:
739:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
684:
683:
673:
672:
661:
658:
640:, using small
589:
586:
582:nigromaculatus
546:
543:
540:
539:
536:
531:
519:
511:
510:
507:
502:
491:
483:
482:
479:
476:
473:
463:
460:
447:folk etymology
384:speckled perch
307:
304:
270:North American
207:
206:
191:
190:
184:
183:
180:
173:
172:
166:
165:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
114:Actinopterygii
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
63:
62:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2187:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Centrarchinae
2153:
2152:
2150:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1912:0-914697-37-4
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1895:0-87518-208-9
1891:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1874:0-943822-25-4
1870:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1844:0-936644-17-6
1840:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:"Fisheries."
1707:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1626:
1622:
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544:
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534:Black crappie
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505:White crappie
503:
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481:Distribution
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348:
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334:
330:, cover) and
328:
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144:Centrarchinae
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51:
50:white crappie
47:
43:
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34:
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26:
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1755:
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1676:
1667:
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1651:the original
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:the original
1611:
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1562:the original
1554:
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1522:the original
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1304:P. annularis
1303:
1300:centrarchids
1287:
1283:
1273:
1250:bag, French
1231:
1211:
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1194:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1177:
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982:the original
975:
966:
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944:
931:
919:. Retrieved
909:
864:
848:
840:
831:
828:Conservation
799:fishing rods
793:
720:peacock bass
705:hucho taimen
648:with common
642:spinnerbaits
620:, including
605:
603:
597:
581:
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548:
521:
494:P. annularis
493:
465:
423:Cajun French
418:
412:
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395:
392:crappie bass
391:
387:
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371:
367:
363:
350:
346:
344:
342:, "sharp").
311:
309:
297:recreational
280:
279:
211:
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195:
194:
176:
170:Type species
154:
153:
59:P. annularis
58:
54:
25:
2049:iNaturalist
1956:Wikispecies
1657:23 February
1601:2 September
1556:NatureServe
1516:NatureServe
1196:16 February
695:brook trout
668:Fly fishing
654:ice anglers
644:, or using
571:crustaceans
563:zooplankton
555:muskellunge
478:Common Name
408:Oswego bass
404:New England
402:states and
396:calico bass
388:white perch
364:papermouths
316:gill covers
196:Hyperistius
140:Subfamily:
124:Perciformes
2149:Categories
1904:Panfishing
1864:Panfishing
1353:sac à lait
1328:sac-à-lait
1291:sac-à-lait
1241:sac-à-lait
1228:"sacalait"
885:References
818:groundbait
807:crankbaits
725:shoal bass
638:soft lures
498:Rafinesque
427:sac-à-lait
264:) are two
161:Rafinesque
48:(top) and
1789:31 August
1767:31 August
1366:, "trout"
1103:"croppie"
1082:, Greek:
1004:"Crappie"
972:"Crappie"
906:"Pomoxis"
855:Tennessee
803:Minnesota
650:hookbaits
614:food fish
415:Louisiana
306:Etymology
293:game fish
90:Kingdom:
84:Eukaryota
1947:Q1063438
1941:Wikidata
1814:28 March
1747:Archived
1729:Archived
1558:Explorer
1518:Explorer
1448:FishBase
1420:FishBase
1392:FishBase
1320:Bulletin
878:Enid Dam
813:or dump
743:See also
690:bluefish
630:trolling
440:milk bag
419:sacalait
380:Michigan
212:Crappies
188:Synonyms
130:Family:
104:Chordata
100:Phylum:
94:Animalia
80:Domain:
31:Crappie
2067:1307743
2041:2394525
1976:Pomoxis
1962:Pomoxis
1932:Pomoxis
1682:24 July
1631:29 June
1568:29 June
1528:29 June
1476:Bibcode
1385:Pomoxis
1268:trout "
1160:6 March
1115:crappie
1080:Pomoxis
1047:Pomoxis
1013:29 June
988:29 June
795:Angling
751:fishing
700:crappie
671:targets
660:Angling
646:bobbers
634:minnows
622:casting
610:panfish
606:Pomoxis
588:Fishing
567:insects
559:walleye
545:Biology
529:, 1829)
527:Lesueur
462:Species
451:Choctaw
434:
406:), and
347:croppie
312:Pomoxis
300:anglers
284:in the
281:Pomoxis
275:of the
266:species
155:Pomoxis
150:Genus:
120:Order:
110:Class:
2132:270482
2106:437609
2080:168165
2028:1POMOG
1910:
1892:
1871:
1841:
1071:
1038:
956:24 May
921:24 May
624:light
569:, and
557:, and
500:, 1818
376:specks
359:crapet
351:crappé
295:among
286:family
202:, 1864
163:, 1818
57:&
2127:WoRMS
2119:83689
2062:IRMNG
2054:49595
2015:27527
2002:63P43
1989:50232
1595:(PDF)
1363:sakli
1265:sakli
1190:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
632:with
472:Image
455:sakli
277:genus
46:Black
2093:8181
2088:NCBI
2075:ITIS
2036:GBIF
2023:EPPO
1984:BOLD
1908:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1816:2020
1791:2023
1769:2023
1684:2013
1659:2007
1633:2006
1603:2023
1570:2006
1530:2006
1259:lait
1198:2010
1162:2019
1088:oxys
1084:poma
1069:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1015:2006
990:2006
958:2020
923:2020
815:live
811:chum
626:jigs
618:ways
604:The
431:lit.
339:ὀξύς
333:oxys
327:πῶμα
321:poma
200:Gill
2010:EoL
1997:CoL
1971:ADW
1484:doi
1247:sac
853:in
636:or
413:In
394:,
382:),
374:or
349:or
268:of
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