381:
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magazine. These articles described construction projects for the electronic hobbyist. Since it was sometimes difficult for the hobbyist to find the needed parts for these projects, Garland and Melen licensed third-party suppliers to provide kits of parts. In 1973 a kit for one of these projects, an
895:
Cromemco developed a special version of the CS-200 computer (called the CS-250) to meet the requirements of the Air Force's
Mission Support System (MSS). The CS-250 had a removable hard disk based on patented Cromemco technology. The United States Air Force deployed 600 Cromemco Systems from 1985 to
351:
Cromemco called themselves “Specialists in
Computer Peripherals” and had a reputation for innovative designs and quality construction. They were, however, just a few steps away from offering their own computer system based on the Altair computer bus structure, named by Garland and Melen the
887:
to select a microcomputer for the
Theater Air Control System (TACS). From a field of 149 microcomputers the Final Technical Report concluded that “the equipment offered by Cromemco is the most responsive to the general selection criteria.” In the years following this study the
669:). Their System One, Two, and Three computers evolved to the 100-series, 200-series, and 300-series respectively. Additionally a 400-series was introduced in a tower-style case. The DPU was followed by the increasing capable XPU and XXU cards also based on the
276:
On returning to
California, Melen and Garland formed a partnership to produce the Cyclops camera and future microcomputer products. They named the company “Cromemco” after the Stanford dorm (Crothers Memorial Hall) where they first began their collaboration.
808:. The European division of Cromemco reorganized as Cromemco AG and was in liquidation in 2018, but the Cromemco operation in Greece, founded in 1978 as Information Systems & Control Ltd., was continuing to operate as Cromemco Hellas S.A. in 2021.
2289:
816:
Cromemco was known for its engineering excellence, design creativity, and outstanding system reliability. “If they hired you into their R&D Department, they gave you an office and a computer and asked you what you wanted to do” recalls
799:
By 1983, Cromemco employed over 500 people, had annual revenues of US$ 55 million, and had sold more S-100 based computer systems than any other company. The company was wholly owned by
Garland and Melen until it was sold to
945:
interface cards, with each card supporting eight terminals on the trading floor. For ten years, from 1982 to 1992, all trades at the CME were processed by these systems. In 1992 the
Cromemco systems were replaced by
2534:
Cromemco, Inc., whose hardware is used to produce news and weather graphics for more than 80 percent of the major-market television stations in the US, and ColorGraphics
Systems, Inc. have reached a joint marketing
343:
digital channel and 7 analog channels (called the D+7A). The D+7A could do much more than just interface a joystick, however, and it was this card that allowed the Altair to be connected to the world of
848:, and even its own distributors. Joe McCrate, Curt Terwilliger, Tom McCalmont, Jerry May, Herb Lewis, and Marvin Kausch had all been students of the company founders at Stanford University. Ed Hall and
867:. Tom McCalmont founded REgrid Power Inc. and later McCalmont Engineering. Jeff Johnson went on to found UI Wizards, Inc. and publish best-selling books on software user-interface design.
676:
Cromemco also introduced the C-10 personal computer in 1982, a Z-80 floppy disk based system for the low end of the market. It ran CDOS and came with several business software tools such as
2932:
1445:
The D+7A analog interface board was one of the most important peripherals that
Cromemco ever made, because it provided a gateway into the word of scientific and industrial computing.
433:
Cromemco re-packaged their systems to produce the System One, followed by the larger System Two and System Three. The System Three, announced in 1978 was capable of running both
2912:
2922:
2907:
2463:
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interface for the Altair, and this spawned several other projects for their young company. There was no convenient way to store software for the Altair, other than on
309:
The
Bytesaver also could support a resident program that allowed the computer to function immediately when it was powered up, without having to first manually load a
2794:
2917:
2902:
2927:
2937:
2942:
239:
2878:
2043:
Nardini, Dubravko; Nikolaj
Ivancic; Miljenko Srikoc (January–February 1981). "STRESS:A Program for Linear Static Analysis of Engineering Structures".
2828:
966:. By 1986 more than 80 percent of the major-market television stations in the U.S. used Cromemco systems to produce news and weather graphics.
665:
CPU card for their systems. It was a dual-processor card (called the DPU) with both a Motorola 68000 processor and a Zilog Z-80 processor (for
2608:
2692:
2587:
2391:
Cromemco systems were the first commercially marketed microcomputer certified by the U.S. Navy for use aboard ships and Ohio class submarines
1602:
962:
Cromemco systems were also broadly adopted by U.S. television stations for generating weather and art graphics, using software developed by
380:
2870:
2163:
2815:
1045:
1027:
186:, a Stanford dormitory reserved for engineering graduate students). Cromemco was incorporated in 1976 and their first products were the
2002:"He was one of several students plucked out of a class taught by professor Harry Garland to join startup microcomputer company Cromemco
463:, and with 448k installed, could support up to 6 users (1 bank for the system, and 1 bank for each user). CROMIX was released in 1979.
2864:
2263:
2027:
1512:
1492:
1469:
1438:
1391:
1366:
1312:
2773:
1283:
2411:
2358:
265:, the president of MITS. At that meeting, Roberts encouraged Melen to develop add-on products for the Altair, beginning with the
2111:
1528:
1192:
863:
Several Cromemco engineers went on to found other Silicon Valley companies. Roger Sippl, Laura King, and Roy Harrington formed
789:
2182:
875:
262:
821:, an early Cromemco employee. Cromemco’s engineering firsts for microcomputer systems include the first digital camera (the
2277:
The MSS Weapon Delivery Module (WDM) effort was subsequently initiated... The hardware platform was a Cromemco/UNIX system.
1912:
1887:
1801:
2947:
2757:
2304:
2269:
963:
805:
2748:
203:
magazine named Cromemco in the top ten fastest-growing privately held companies in the U.S. In 1987, it was acquired by
941:(CME) where a bank of 60 Cromemco Z-2 systems were used to process trades. Each Z-2 system was populated with Cromemco
2514:
938:
2138:
2853:
931:
884:
146:
107:
2736:
1707:
194:
color graphics interface - both groundbreaking at the time - before they moved on to making computer systems.
2875:
2499:
Williams, Dennis A.; Lubenow, Gerald C.; Findlay-Brown, Ian (February 18, 1985). "China Looks West to Learn".
441:
programming languages. The System Three was designed for multiuser professional use and included an optional
2095:
2075:
1962:
Terwilliger, Curt (November–December 1980). "A New Approach to System Design: The C-Bus, IOP, and QUADART".
889:
339:
to the Altair. So the next project was to design a joystick console and an interface card that supported an
215:
1148:
1023:
857:
845:
666:
1411:
1339:
257:. Melen was so impressed with this machine that he changed his return flight to California to go through
2708:
2375:
1015:
710:
670:
467:
48:
2825:
452:
Cromemco software includes CDOS, which was very much like CP/M, and CROMIX, Cromemco's own multi-user
2784:
2436:
Breeding, Gary (January–February 1984). "Cromemco Systems Network Transactions at Chaotic Exchange".
920:
864:
389:
331:
One use for an Altair Computer with a Dazzler was to play games. But there was no way to interface a
372:
1736:
1632:
1599:
1582:
1569:
927:
841:
388:
The first computer released by Cromemco was the Z-1 in August 1976. The Z-1 came with 8K of static
233:
172:
2838:
2548:
2116:
1073:
916:
830:
460:
306:
298:
176:
1827:
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2583:
2445:
2259:
2167:
2052:
2023:
1971:
1944:
1780:
1688:
1658:
1508:
1465:
1434:
1387:
1362:
1204:
1143:
853:
2812:
2211:
1504:
1324:
953:
Cromemco computers were the first microcomputer systems widely distributed in China. In 1985
2858:
2607:
1121:
1085:
1079:
1065:
988:
826:
466:
CROMIX, initially ran on the System Three and would later run on Cromemco systems using the
446:
416:
345:
321:
302:
191:
187:
1749:
1557:
959:
reported that over 10,000 Cromemco computer systems had been sold to Chinese universities.
2882:
2832:
2819:
2778:
2761:
1606:
1488:
1308:
1127:
1010:
942:
198:
2800:
2662:
2635:
2190:
2576:
1398:
The Bytesaver proved to be a very popular peripheral for the Altair and IMSAI computers.
1287:
430:
and no longer included the large panel of switches that had been part of the Z-1 model.
2806:
2404:
2349:
1992:
Ritch, Emma (July 25, 2008). "REgrid's McCalmont comes full circle as solar stalwart".
1923:
Cromemco was the first microcomputer manufacturer to refine and exploit bank switching.
1115:
834:
822:
681:
662:
294:
285:
266:
852:
came to Cromemco through the Homebrew Computer Club. Nik Ivancic, Boris Krtolica, and
320:
which could connect the Altair to a color TV set. This graphics interface, called the
316:
There was also no way to see a Cyclops image stored in the Altair. So work began on a
231:, graduate students at Stanford University, began working on a series of articles for
2891:
2745:
Downloadable Cromemco S-100 Photos, Manuals, & Cromemco CDOS and Cromix software.
1497:
1317:
1091:
1041:, as the two Silicon Valley companies that created the personal computer industry.
420:
317:
310:
224:
164:
149:
134:
70:
2843:
2767:
2090:
2070:
937:
Cromemco systems were also widely used in commercial applications, including at the
804:
in 1987. Dynatech was a major customer of Cromemco computers through its subsidiary
1676:
1646:
1619:
1133:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1044:
In 2018, the Cromemco C-10 computer was added to the collection of the Smithsonian
999:
976:
879:
Cromemco production line of CS-250 computers for USAF Mission Support System (1986)
849:
518:
409:
405:
332:
2484:
Ost, Laura (November 9, 1979). "Cromemco Saw the Future for Computers Overseas".
2329:"USAF will equip its tactical fighter squadrons with a mission planning system".
2230:
160:
computers and peripherals in the early days of the personal computer revolution.
1867:
Warren, Jim (February 7, 1979). "A Report on Outstanding Cromemco Reliability".
1724:
818:
677:
427:
258:
254:
228:
168:
75:
2754:
2308:
2250:
1841:
2847:
1476:
Their products were noted for both innovative design and quality construction.
1055:
1038:
1003:
984:
401:
393:
2449:
2237:
The Air Force recently approved the purchase of 1500 Cromemco microcomputers.
2056:
2016:
1975:
1948:
1784:
1692:
1662:
1208:
2835:
S-100 Systems, Boards, Peripherals, & Manuals (Hardware & Software).
1917:
1153:
453:
442:
413:
397:
353:
171:, two Stanford Ph.D. students. The company was named for their residence at
157:
153:
26:
1237:
Garland, Harry; Melen, Roger (1971). "Add Triggered Sweep to your Scope".
856:
joined from Cromemco’s distributor in Yugoslavia where they had developed
364:
2742:
955:
947:
909:
801:
336:
204:
87:
2142:
1267:
Garland, Harry; Melen, Roger (1973). "Build a Low-Cost Op Amp Tester".
995:, noting that "The Altair even debuted a digital camera back in 1976."
434:
424:
301:. To remedy this problem Melen and Garland went to work on designing a
242:
which would later launch a revolutionary microcomputer on the cover of
1935:
McCrate, Joe (July–August 1981). "Major New Enhancements to CROMIX".
1009:
In 2013, the Cromemco System Three Computer appeared prominently in
249:
In 1974, Roger Melen was visiting the New York editorial offices of
1173:
Ketchum, Jr., Bradford W. (December 1981). "The INC. Private 100".
1006:, that she had considered buying a Cromemco as her first computer.
1252:
Garland, Harry; Melen, Roger (1971). "Build the Muscle Whistler".
905:
874:
685:
438:
379:
371:
363:
340:
284:
214:
2464:"CME Taps Datacode To Distribute Quotation Data To Floor Traders"
1222:
Garland, Harry; Melen, Roger (1971). "Build the Fil-oscillator".
223:
The collaboration that was to become Cromemco began in 1970 when
219:
Cromemco advertisement on Page 1 of Byte Magazine, September 1976
1138:
974:
In 1984, the Cromemco System One Computer appeared in the movie
901:
897:
2091:"Borland to Purchase Visigenic In Deal Valued at $ 150 million"
408:
in June 1977, which featured 64K of RAM and the ability to run
313:
program. The Bytesaver proved to be a very popular peripheral.
1600:
Cromemco System I/II/III, from OLD-COMPUTERS.COM ONLINE MUSEUM
1410:
Walker, Terry; Melen, Roger; Garland, Harry; Hall, Ed (1976).
384:
Cromemco System 400 32-bit Super Microcomputer with XXU (1985)
908:
aircraft. These systems received their first war time use in
1460:
Veit, Stan (1993). "Cromemco: Innovation and Reliability".
1429:
Veit, Stan (1993). "Cromemco: Innovation and Reliability".
1382:
Veit, Stan (1993). "Cromemco: Innovation and Reliability".
2640:
Starring the Computer – Computers in Movies and Television
2553:
Starring the Computer – Computers in Movies and Television
1386:. Asheville, North Carolina: WorldComm. pp. 104–105.
2071:"Entrepreneurs Are Investing In Next Start-Up Generation"
2876:
CROMIX Cromemco's outstanding UNIX like operating system
2410:. Defence Technical Information Center. pp. 64–66.
2351:
Breaking the Mission Planning Bottleneck: A New Paradigm
1808:. Vol. 21, no. 12. March 23, 1987. p. 108
1361:. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday. p. 202.
269:
that was slated to appear in the February 1975 issue of
2187:
RA-TR-81-149 Final Technical Report, June 1981, page 76
1789:
This company has sold more S-100 systems than any other
1499:
Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer
1319:
Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer
2594:
The Altair even debuted a digital camera back in 1976.
2218:. Vol. 4, no. 25. June 28, 1982. p. 11.
1647:"The Development of a New Family of Computer Products"
474:
Cromemco S-100 Microcomputer Systems (Z-80 Processor)
2252:
Weapon Delivery Analysis and Ballistic Flight Testing
1913:"Share and Share Alike: Multiuser Hardware Explained"
1779:(13). Computer Information Publishing Inc.: 49 1983.
1748:
Parkinson, Roger; Johnson, Jeff (December 10, 1998).
1464:. Asheville, North Carolina: WorldComm. p. 106.
1433:. Asheville, North Carolina: WorldComm. p. 107.
837:, and the first Unix-like operating system (Cromix).
2797:
photograph, specs, & advertisement (circa 1982).
1338:
Walker, Terry; Garland, Harry; Melen, Roger (1975).
1677:"New XXU Processor Offers Enormous Speed Advantage"
163:The company began as a partnership in 1974 between
130:
114:
102:
94:
82:
66:
44:
36:
2575:
2258:. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. p. 62.
2015:
2000:(12). Business Journal Publications, Inc.: 16–17.
1496:
1316:
2770:Motorola 68000, picture & specs (circa 1982).
2578:Idea Man: a memoir by the cofounder of Microsoft
993:Idea Man: a memoir by the cofounder of Microsoft
892:became a major customer for Cromemco computers.
400:microprocessor rather than the IMSAI computer's
2933:Defunct computer companies of the United States
2822:(circa 1990) Maxtor 190MB ST506 MFM hard-drive.
2809:(circa 1990), Motorola MC68020, S-100 computer.
1708:"Change comes to Cromemco: New low-cost system"
1269:Popular Electronics Including Electronics World
324:, was introduced in the February 1976 issue of
238:“Op Amp Tester”, was sold by a company called
2737:Stanford University: "Cromemco History" page.
2525:. Review Publications Company: 75. April 1986
2164:"Center for Army Lessons Learned - Thesaurus"
980:as a computer in the Ghostbuster Laboratory.
919:deployed Cromemco computers aboard ships and
8:
2913:Companies based in Mountain View, California
2018:Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet
1462:Stan Veit's History of the Personal Computer
1431:Stan Veit's History of the Personal Computer
1384:Stan Veit's History of the Personal Computer
19:
1256:. Vol. 35, no. 5. pp. 60–62.
1241:. Vol. 35, no. 1. pp. 65–66.
1226:. Vol. 34, no. 5. pp. 58–62.
2774:Another view of the "Cromemco System One".
2743:Marcus Bennett: "Cromemco Treasure Trove".
2549:"Cromemco System I in Ghostbusters (1984)"
1418:. Vol. 9, no. 2. pp. 31–40.
1359:Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
1346:. Vol. 7, no. 2. pp. 27–31.
1271:. Vol. 4, no. 6. pp. 34–35.
788:
472:
25:
18:
2923:Computer companies disestablished in 1987
2908:American companies disestablished in 1987
2826:"Comprehensive Cromemco Part Number Xref"
2183:"Microprocessor Front-End Terminal Study"
883:In 1981, a study was commissioned by the
840:Cromemco drew on engineering talent from
727:2 MHz/4 MHz (switch selectable)
2871:The only CPU card to give you 4MHz speed
2582:. New York: Penguin Group. p. 108.
2212:"Cromemco to supply Micros to Air Force"
1994:Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal
1921:. Vol. 3, no. 11. p. 18.
1882:
1880:
1878:
1558:History of Cromemco, from Robert Kuhmann
1503:(Second ed.). McGraw-Hill. p.
1323:(Second ed.). McGraw-Hill. p.
926:, and to generate speech output for the
896:1996 as Mission Support Systems for the
690:
2764:(circa 1977) Zilog Z80, S-100 computer.
2275:from the original on December 8, 2021.
1737:OLD-COMPUTERS.COM Museum ~ Cromemco C10
1609:"CDOS is a CP/M like operating system."
1455:
1453:
1165:
885:United States Air Force Systems Command
692:Cromemco S-100 Central Processor Units
2918:Computer companies established in 1974
2903:American companies established in 1974
2417:from the original on February 11, 2017
2232:Computer Assisted Instruction in Basic
1987:
1985:
1714:. Vol. 4, no. 31. p. 3.
1645:Mandlekern, David (March–April 1982).
1002:revealed, in a eulogy for her brother
825:), the first color graphics card (the
2928:Defunct companies based in California
2235:. Air Force Institute of Technology.
1583:"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"
289:Cromemco JS-1 analog joystick console
7:
2466:. WatersTechnology. January 27, 1992
2331:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2249:Arnoild, R.J.; Knight, J.B. (1992).
293:Melen and Garland began work on the
2938:Defunct computer hardware companies
2713:National Museum of American History
2380:National Museum of American History
2166:. 26 September 2012. Archived from
1777:Computer Buyer's Guide and Handbook
1286:. atariarchives.org. Archived from
1203:(1): 6–11. September–October 1980.
1046:National Museum of American History
1037:, identified Cromemco, along with
829:), the first programmable storage (
794:Wordmark used from 1983 to present
404:chip. The Z-1 was succeeded by the
2943:Defunct computer systems companies
2861:at Classic Computer Brochures site
2859:Cromemco HDD Disk Memory System Ad
2779:The compact "Cromemco System Zero"
2687:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 80.
2609:"A Sister's Eulogy for Steve Jobs"
2606:Simpson, Mona (October 30, 2011).
2364:from the original on July 4, 2015.
2110:Andrew Pollack (January 6, 1989).
1706:Swaine, Michael (August 9, 1982).
1687:(4): 1, 9. August–September 1986.
14:
2795:"Cromemco C-10" personal computer
2307:. www.kuhmann.com. Archived from
2112:"Another Silicon Valley Tailspin"
392:and used the same chassis as the
2867:, software and various documents
1869:The Intelligent Machines Journal
1094:4 channel floppy controller card
1058:
376:Cromemco System One (CS-1H) 1981
253:where he saw a prototype of the
1775:"Computer Systems - Cromemco".
1750:"A Partial History of CROMEMCO"
1539:(1): 10. September–October 1980
1130:8 channel serial interface card
1124:4 channel serial interface card
1118:2 channel serial interface card
860:software for Cromemco systems.
661:In 1982, Cromemco introduced a
152:company known for its high-end
16:American microcomputer company
2801:"Cromemco CS-100 & CS-300"
1:
2661:Ebert, Roger (18 July 2013).
2642:. www.starringthecomputer.com
2555:. www.starringthecomputer.com
1888:"Oral History of Roger Sippl"
964:ColorGraphics Weather Systems
806:ColorGraphics Weather Systems
449:and the main computer unit.
303:programmable read-only memory
126:Brent Gammon, General Counsel
122:Andy Procassini, VP Marketing
2803:computers (circa 1984–1985).
1911:Hogan, Thom (June 8, 1981).
1828:"Cromemco AG in Liquidation"
1633:Cromemco System I / II / III
1620:"System Three advertisement"
1076:EPROM programmer/memory card
120:Chuck Bush, VP Manufacturing
2486:The Peninsula Times Tribune
2405:"Tactical Speech Synthesis"
2305:"The Cro's Nest RCP/M-RBBS"
1754:Stanford University InfoLab
939:Chicago Mercantile Exchange
655:CP/M, Cromemco DOS, Cromix
635:CP/M, Cromemco DOS, Cromix
615:CP/M, Cromemco DOS, Cromix
595:CP/M, Cromemco DOS, Cromix
575:CP/M, Cromemco DOS, Cromix
53:; 50 years ago
31:Logo used from 1974 to 1983
2964:
2683:Piscione, Deborah (2013).
2229:Creagan, Danny J. (1983).
2014:Segaller, Stephen (1998).
1802:"Mergers and Acquisitions"
348:and industrial computing.
2839:Digibarn Cromemco Systems
2685:Secrets of Silicon Valley
2348:Gillott, Mark A. (1998).
2022:. TV Books. p. 143.
1893:. Computer History Museum
1035:Secrets of Silicon Valley
932:Combat Information Center
812:Engineering contributions
255:MITS Altair microcomputer
147:Mountain View, California
108:Mountain View, California
98:Dynatech Computer Systems
24:
2785:"Cromemco C-10SP" review
2337:(22): 105. June 1, 1987.
2290:"U.S. Patent #4,870,605"
1100:input / output processor
190:digital camera, and the
124:Mike Ramelot, VP Finance
2865:X:\static\S100\cromemco
2791:magazine, January 1984.
2636:"Cromemco System Three"
2096:The Wall Street Journal
2076:The Wall Street Journal
989:Cromemco Cyclops Camera
890:United States Air Force
419:. The Z-2 also added a
318:graphics interface card
2781:6-slot S-100 computer.
1412:"Build the TV Dazzler"
1149:Homebrew Computer Club
1024:Deborah Perry Piscione
910:Operation Desert Storm
880:
858:structural engineering
846:Homebrew Computer Club
688:programming language.
667:backward compatibility
385:
377:
369:
360:From boards to systems
290:
267:Cyclops digital camera
220:
40:Computer Manufacturing
2768:"Cromemco System One"
2749:Cromemco Z-1 brochure
2170:on 26 September 2012.
1756:. Stanford University
1587:www.old-computers.com
1357:Levy, Steven (1984).
878:
871:Notable installations
835:memory bank switching
744:4 MHz/8 MHz
671:Motorola 68000 family
468:Motorola 68000 series
383:
375:
367:
305:card they called the
288:
218:
49:Los Altos, California
2948:Early microcomputers
2854:Early Hard Drive Ads
2844:Dave's Old Computers
2574:Allen, Paul (2011).
2099:. November 18, 1997.
1846:Cromemco Hellas S.A.
1529:"The Cromemco Story"
1193:"The Cromemco Story"
1106:c-bus interface card
865:Informix Corporation
802:Dynatech Corporation
775:MC68020 with MC68881
488:Internal Floppy Disk
470:of microprocessors.
261:, where he met with
205:Dynatech Corporation
88:Dynatech Corporation
1727:, see advertisement
1635:, Old-Computers.com
1572:, Old-Computers.com
1416:Popular Electronics
1344:Popular Electronics
1254:Popular Electronics
1239:Popular Electronics
1224:Popular Electronics
1112:tape interface card
928:Aegis Combat System
842:Stanford University
693:
475:
368:Cromemco Z-1 (1976)
326:Popular Electronics
271:Popular Electronics
251:Popular Electronics
244:Popular Electronics
234:Popular Electronics
173:Stanford University
21:
2881:2014-03-22 at the
2831:2009-10-24 at the
2818:2008-05-27 at the
2789:Creative Computing
2760:2012-02-10 at the
2614:The New York Times
2181:Bunker-Ramo Corp.
2117:The New York Times
2079:. October 8, 1996.
1605:2010-11-21 at the
1284:"Solomon's Memory"
1074:Cromemco Bytesaver
970:In popular culture
917:United States Navy
881:
691:
494:Operating systems
491:Internal Hard Disk
473:
423:in addition to an
421:parallel interface
386:
378:
370:
299:punched paper tape
291:
221:
197:In December 1981,
2813:"Cromemco CS-250"
2807:"Cromemco CS-250"
2739:The beginnings...
2694:978-1-137-27917-0
2589:978-1-59184-537-9
2139:"UI Wizards, Inc"
1842:"Company Profile"
1144:Dataindustrier AB
1031:best-selling book
987:commented on the
924:-class submarines
785:
784:
697:Cromemco CPU Card
659:
658:
396:but featured the
140:
139:
2955:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2663:"Computer Chess"
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2603:
2597:
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2416:
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2400:
2394:
2393:
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2372:
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2365:
2363:
2357:. pp. 5–6.
2356:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2303:Kuhman, Robert.
2300:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2220:
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2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2189:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2141:. Archived from
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2021:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1953:
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1932:
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1901:
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1597:
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1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1502:
1489:Freiberger, Paul
1485:
1479:
1478:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1309:Freiberger, Paul
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1170:
1122:Cromemco QUADART
1086:Cromemco Dazzler
1080:Cromemco CYCLOPS
1068:
1066:Companies portal
1063:
1062:
1061:
827:Cromemco Dazzler
792:
761:5 Mz/10 MHz
709:Performance (in
694:
580:System One CS-1H
476:
445:, CRT terminal,
417:operating system
346:data acquisition
192:Cromemco Dazzler
188:Cromemco Cyclops
61:
59:
54:
29:
22:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2888:
2887:
2883:Wayback Machine
2833:Wayback Machine
2820:Wayback Machine
2762:Wayback Machine
2755:"Cromemco Z-2D"
2733:
2728:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2709:"Cromemco C-10"
2707:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2634:Carter, James.
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2547:Carter, James.
2546:
2545:
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2528:
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2513:
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2508:
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2434:
2430:
2420:
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2414:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2384:
2382:
2376:"Cromemco C-10"
2374:
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2064:
2051:(3): 1, 14–17.
2042:
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2030:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1970:(2): 1, 22–25.
1961:
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1607:Wayback Machine
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1493:Swaine, Michael
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1409:
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1340:"Build Cyclops"
1337:
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1313:Swaine, Michael
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1128:Cromemco OCTART
1064:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1011:Andrew Bujalski
972:
873:
814:
797:
796:
795:
700:Year Introduced
673:of processors.
620:System Two Z-2H
600:System Two Z-2D
560:System One CS-1
482:Year Introduced
362:
283:
213:
125:
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32:
17:
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2732:
2731:External links
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2006:
1981:
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1806:Computer World
1793:
1767:
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1637:
1625:
1611:
1592:
1574:
1562:
1560:, January 2008
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1282:Solomon, Les.
1274:
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1125:
1119:
1116:Cromemco TUART
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1082:digital camera
1077:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1050:
1029:New York Times
1016:Computer Chess
971:
968:
872:
869:
854:Egon Zakrajšek
823:Cyclops Camera
813:
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703:Microprocessor
701:
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682:word processor
663:Motorola 68000
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295:Cyclops Camera
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281:First products
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143:Cromemco, Inc.
138:
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135:Microcomputers
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20:Cromemco, Inc.
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2753:
2751:(circa 1976).
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2524:
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2516:
2515:"Painted Sky"
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2406:
2403:Sterne, D.F.
2399:
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2377:
2371:
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2353:
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2322:
2311:on 2012-02-10
2310:
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2265:92-835-0677-4
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2207:
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2193:on 2013-04-09
2192:
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2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2145:on 2013-05-15
2144:
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2029:1-57500-088-1
2025:
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2019:
2010:
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2003:
1999:
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1725:Cromemco C-10
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1471:1-56664-023-7
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1440:1-56664-023-7
1436:
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1393:1-56664-023-7
1389:
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1368:0-385-19195-2
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1290:on 2012-10-25
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1092:Cromemco 4FDC
1090:
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1049:
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991:in his book,
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833:), the first
832:
831:the Bytesaver
828:
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791:
780:
778:16.7 MHz
777:
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758:Z-80B/MC68010
757:
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741:Z-80A/MC68000
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555:CP/M, Cromix
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2848:disk images
2519:UNIX Review
2123:October 25,
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950:computers.
819:Roger Sippl
678:spreadsheet
592:5 megabytes
540:System Zero
485:S-100 slots
428:serial port
259:Albuquerque
229:Roger Melen
207:of Boston.
169:Roger Melen
76:Roger Melen
73:, President
2892:Categories
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2668:2 November
2646:2 November
2619:2 November
2559:2 November
2529:2021-12-03
2470:2013-03-03
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2315:2012-02-10
2197:2013-03-31
2149:2013-05-02
1897:2013-07-24
1852:3 November
1848:(in Greek)
1812:1 November
1760:1 November
1543:4 November
1294:2012-02-10
1160:References
1088:video card
1039:Apple Inc.
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985:Paul Allen
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