140:
119:
1739:
1251:
431:
399:. It measured about 160 cm (5.2 ft) and weighed around 70β80 kg, being about 154-176 lb. This is significantly large, considering the largest extant penguin species, the Emperor penguin, can be roughly around 121.9 cm, and weigh up to almost 36 kg. It is thought to have lived in the final of
510:
Mayr, Gerald; De Pietri, Vanesa L.; Love, Leigh; Mannering, Al; Scofield, R. Paul (2019). "Leg bones of a new penguin species from the
Waipara Greensand add to the diversity of very large-sized Sphenisciformes in the Paleocene of New Zealand".
1803:
638:
1872:
1790:
1887:
571:
631:
1882:
1877:
493:
616:
595:
624:
139:
1857:
1867:
1738:
1758:
1829:
295:
1069:
1862:
468:
1250:
1595:
1138:
742:
372:
was the first of the genus to be described, whose remains were recovered from and named after the
1357:
1210:
1145:
1039:
895:
802:
693:
134:
1834:
1678:
1626:
1449:
1422:
1412:
1343:
862:
842:
792:
1473:
1366:
1292:
1048:
455:
Tambussi, Claudia P.; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Marenssi, Sergio A.; Santillana, Sergio N. (2005). "
1816:
1808:
1439:
1380:
1313:
1268:
1124:
985:
552:
1821:
1055:
1005:
520:
476:
1490:
1100:
965:
416:
308:
472:
118:
1709:
1692:
1569:
1327:
1110:
1085:
543:
377:
373:
30:
1851:
1159:
1025:
905:
459:, a new Spheniscidae (Sphenisciformes, Aves) from the Late Paleocene of Antarctica".
69:
1668:
1549:
1524:
1480:
1389:
1336:
1177:
1131:
1117:
975:
873:
832:
436:
317:
241:
524:
480:
1781:
1723:
1685:
1661:
1647:
1609:
1538:
1501:
1456:
1400:
1302:
1186:
1166:
1152:
1078:
822:
782:
732:
497:
396:
44:
1699:
1654:
1578:
1558:
1463:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1015:
995:
812:
687:
426:
400:
352:
337:
329:
89:
54:
556:
1640:
1531:
1200:
925:
656:
412:
404:
151:
94:
38:
1775:
1716:
1633:
1602:
1517:
1510:
1429:
1193:
945:
772:
762:
675:
171:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
1795:
1616:
1585:
955:
852:
708:
648:
392:
283:
279:
272:
201:
191:
99:
74:
935:
915:
752:
669:
652:
248:
161:
1752:
294:. Their anatomy suggests that the genus is closely related to the
275:
221:
681:
181:
1756:
1266:
706:
620:
380:, Antarctica. It measured about 140 cm (4.6 ft).
572:"A Human-Sized Penguin Once Waddled Through New Zealand"
1705:
1674:
1622:
1591:
1486:
1469:
1445:
1435:
1418:
1408:
1377:
1354:
1324:
1309:
1298:
1288:
1206:
1096:
1066:
1036:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
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901:
891:
881:
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
728:
1765:
1568:
1548:
1500:
1399:
1376:
1353:
1323:
1279:
1176:
1095:
1065:
1035:
872:
719:
415:. The fossils were discovered in 2019 by amateur
407:66β56 million years ago, and close relatives of
391:, was described based on leg bone fossils from
632:
8:
596:"Human-sized penguin discovered in Waipara"
1753:
1276:
1263:
1032:
716:
703:
639:
625:
617:
450:
448:
117:
20:
444:
570:Magazine, Smithsonian; Katz, Brigit.
7:
536:
534:
14:
383:In August 2019, a new species of
1737:
1249:
429:
138:
1873:Prehistoric birds of Antarctica
1:
1888:Fossil taxa described in 2005
525:10.1080/03115518.2019.1641619
481:10.1016/j.geobios.2004.02.003
1904:
376:Cross Valley Formation on
1735:
1275:
1262:
1247:
715:
702:
664:
233:
228:
135:Scientific classification
133:
125:
116:
23:
16:Extinct genus of penguins
659:and their extinct allies
255:?Crossvallia waiparensis
457:Crossvallia unienwillia
237:Crossvallia unienwillia
411:may have lived in the
1883:Fossils of Antarctica
1830:Paleobiology Database
551:(34): 7. 2019-08-22.
1878:Paleogene Antarctica
576:Smithsonian Magazine
222:Tambussi et al. 2005
1040:Palaeospheniscinae
473:2005Geobi..38..667T
694:Austrodyptornithes
282:. It includes two
1845:
1844:
1817:Open Tree of Life
1759:Taxon identifiers
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1381:Tytthostonychidae
1269:Procellariiformes
1258:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1125:Archaeospheniscus
986:Palaeoapterodytes
361:
346:
296:Anthropornithinae
264:
263:
259:
252:
245:
224:
1895:
1858:Extinct penguins
1838:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1754:
1741:
1707:
1676:
1624:
1593:
1488:
1471:
1447:
1437:
1420:
1410:
1379:
1356:
1326:
1311:
1300:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1253:
1208:
1098:
1070:Paraptenodytinae
1068:
1056:Palaeospheniscus
1038:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1006:Pseudaptenodytes
1003:
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
943:
933:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
810:
800:
790:
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770:
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750:
740:
730:
717:
704:
641:
634:
627:
618:
611:
610:
608:
607:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
567:
561:
560:
547:(in Hungarian).
538:
529:
528:
507:
501:
491:
485:
484:
452:
439:
434:
433:
432:
355:
340:
257:
246:
239:
220:
213:
143:
142:
121:
111:
41:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1868:Paleocene birds
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1761:
1751:
1742:
1729:
1564:
1544:
1496:
1395:
1372:
1349:
1319:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1172:
1101:Palaeeudyptinae
1091:
1061:
1031:
966:Marambiornopsis
868:
711:
709:Sphenisciformes
698:
660:
645:
615:
614:
605:
603:
594:
593:
589:
580:
578:
569:
568:
564:
540:
539:
532:
509:
508:
504:
492:
488:
454:
453:
446:
435:
430:
428:
425:
417:palaeontologist
309:Sphenisciformes
304:
292:?C. waiparensis
219:
211:
192:Sphenisciformes
137:
126:restoration of
112:
110:
109:
108:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1710:Pterodromoides
1703:
1696:
1693:Pseudobulweria
1689:
1682:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1572:
1570:Procellariidae
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1477:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1443:
1433:
1426:
1416:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1328:Diomedeoididae
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1281:incertae sedis
1273:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1111:Anthropodyptes
1106:
1104:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1086:Paraptenodytes
1082:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
899:
889:
878:
876:
870:
869:
867:
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
736:
725:
723:
721:incertae sedis
713:
712:
707:
700:
699:
697:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
665:
662:
661:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
613:
612:
587:
562:
544:Magyar Narancs
530:
502:
486:
467:(5): 667β675.
443:
442:
441:
440:
424:
421:
409:C. waiparensis
389:C. waiparensis
378:Seymour Island
374:Late Paleocene
370:C. unienwillia
367:
366:
365:
364:
363:
362:
350:C. waiparensis
347:
335:C. unienwillia
303:
300:
288:C. unienwillia
262:
261:
231:
230:
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225:
209:
205:
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199:
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179:
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159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
128:C. unienwillia
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
31:Late Paleocene
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
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1797:
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1704:
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1701:
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1673:
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1666:
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1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
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1649:
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1642:
1638:
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1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
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1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1160:Palaeeudyptes
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1026:Tereingaornis
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
998:
997:
990:
988:
987:
980:
978:
977:
970:
968:
967:
960:
958:
957:
950:
948:
947:
940:
938:
937:
930:
928:
927:
920:
918:
917:
910:
908:
907:
906:Duntroonornis
900:
898:
897:
890:
888:
887:
880:
879:
877:
875:
871:
865:
864:
857:
855:
854:
847:
845:
844:
837:
835:
834:
827:
825:
824:
817:
815:
814:
807:
805:
804:
797:
795:
794:
787:
785:
784:
777:
775:
774:
767:
765:
764:
757:
755:
754:
747:
745:
744:
737:
735:
734:
727:
726:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
695:
691:
689:
685:
683:
679:
677:
673:
671:
667:
666:
663:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
622:
619:
601:
597:
591:
588:
577:
573:
566:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
537:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
506:
503:
499:
495:
490:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
451:
449:
445:
438:
427:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
359:
354:
351:
348:
344:
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336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
327:
322:
321:
320:
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314:
313:
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310:
301:
299:
297:
293:
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285:
281:
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274:
270:
269:
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227:
223:
218:
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210:
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206:
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177:
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170:
167:
166:
163:
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157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
124:
120:
115:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
32:
26:
22:
19:
1766:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1669:Pelecanoides
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1596:Argyrodyptes
1594:
1584:
1577:
1557:
1550:Hydrobatidae
1537:
1530:
1525:Nesofregetta
1523:
1516:
1509:
1489:
1481:Thalassarche
1479:
1472:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1421:
1411:
1390:Tytthostonyx
1388:
1365:
1342:
1337:Diomedeoides
1335:
1312:
1301:
1291:
1280:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:Spheniscinae
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1139:Marambiornis
1137:
1132:Delphinornis
1130:
1123:
1118:Anthropornis
1116:
1109:
1084:
1077:
1054:
1047:
1024:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
976:Marplesornis
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
894:
885:
884:
874:Spheniscidae
861:
851:
841:
833:Sequiwaimanu
831:
821:
811:
801:
791:
781:
771:
761:
751:
743:Aprosdokitos
741:
731:
720:
686:Infraclass:
604:. Retrieved
602:. 2019-08-14
599:
590:
579:. Retrieved
575:
565:
548:
542:
516:
512:
505:
494:Cross Valley
489:
464:
460:
456:
437:Birds portal
419:Leigh Love.
408:
388:
384:
382:
369:
368:
357:
349:
342:
334:
325:
323:
318:Spheniscidae
315:
306:
305:
291:
287:
267:
266:
265:
254:
236:
234:
215:
214:
202:Spheniscidae
127:
24:
18:
1863:Bird genera
1767:Crossvallia
1724:Thalassoica
1686:Procellaria
1648:Macronectes
1610:Calonectris
1539:Pelagodroma
1502:Oceanitidae
1457:Phoebastria
1401:Diomedeidae
1358:Marinavidae
1303:Lonchodytes
1211:Madrynornis
1187:Aptenodytes
1167:Platydyptes
1153:Pachydyptes
1146:Mesetaornis
1079:Arthrodytes
886:Crossvallia
823:Petradyptes
803:Orthopteryx
783:Muriwaimanu
733:Arthrodytes
657:albatrosses
541:"Pingvin".
519:: 194β201.
498:Fossilworks
397:New Zealand
385:Crossvallia
326:Crossvallia
268:Crossvallia
216:Crossvallia
25:Crossvallia
1852:Categories
1700:Pterodroma
1679:Primodroma
1655:Pachyptila
1627:Eopuffinus
1579:Aphrodroma
1559:Hydrobates
1464:Phoebetria
1450:Notoleptos
1423:Diomedavus
1413:Aldiomedes
1344:Rupelornis
1232:Spheniscus
1225:Pygoscelis
1218:Megadyptes
1016:Tasidyptes
996:Perudyptes
863:Wimanornis
843:Tonniornis
813:Pakudyptes
793:Nucleornis
688:Neognathae
647:Genera of
606:2019-08-14
581:2022-03-19
513:Alcheringa
423:References
401:Cretaceous
1782:Q30692744
1662:Pagodroma
1641:Halobaena
1532:Oceanites
1474:Plotornis
1367:Marinavis
1293:Kievornis
1201:Eudyptula
1049:Eretiscus
926:Icadyptes
668:Kingdom:
557:1586-0647
413:Antarctic
405:Paleocene
341:Tambussi
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
1776:Wikidata
1717:Puffinus
1634:Fulmarus
1603:Bulweria
1518:Garrodia
1511:Fregetta
1440:Murunkus
1430:Diomedea
1314:Makahala
1194:Eudyptes
946:Inkayacu
773:Kupoupou
763:Kumimanu
676:Chordata
674:Phylum:
670:Animalia
649:penguins
302:Taxonomy
280:penguins
258:(fossil)
229:Species
198:Family:
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
37:55
1822:3600105
1809:1471956
1796:4966777
1617:Daption
1586:Ardenna
956:Kairuku
853:Waimanu
692:Clade:
680:Class:
653:petrels
469:Bibcode
461:Geobios
393:Waipara
316:Family
284:species
273:extinct
208:Genus:
188:Order:
178:Class:
106:↓
1835:105570
936:Inguza
916:Korora
753:Kaiika
655:, and
555:
360:, 2019
358:et al.
345:, 2005
343:et al.
324:Genus
307:Order
271:is an
249:fossil
1804:IRMNG
1491:Tydea
356:Mayr
276:genus
1791:GBIF
896:Dege
682:Aves
553:ISSN
549:XXXI
500:.org
403:and
290:and
242:type
182:Aves
45:Preκ
600:RNZ
521:doi
496:at
477:doi
278:of
1854::
1832::
1819::
1806::
1793::
1778::
651:,
598:.
574:.
533:^
517:44
515:.
475:.
465:38
463:.
447:^
395:,
387:,
298:.
286:,
95:Pg
39:Ma
1706:β
1675:β
1623:β
1592:β
1487:β
1470:β
1446:β
1436:β
1419:β
1409:β
1378:β
1355:β
1325:β
1310:β
1306:?
1299:β
1289:β
1207:β
1103:"
1099:"
1097:β
1067:β
1037:β
1022:β
1012:β
1002:β
992:β
982:β
972:β
962:β
952:β
942:β
932:β
922:β
912:β
902:β
892:β
882:β
859:β
849:β
839:β
829:β
819:β
809:β
799:β
789:β
779:β
769:β
759:β
749:β
739:β
729:β
640:e
633:t
626:v
609:.
584:.
559:.
527:.
523::
483:.
479::
471::
353:β
338:β
330:β
253:β
251:)
247:(
244:)
240:(
235:β
212:β
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:κ
34:~
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