3149:
2997:
3288:
760:
3107:
3121:
2983:
3025:
63:
604:
3302:
3246:
3079:
1087:
3260:
3043:
3065:
3093:
235:
596:
3011:
2840:
3274:
3190:
3232:
3176:
3135:
3218:
748:
1078:
865:
3204:
635:, but a corm (found in crocuses, for example) has a papery tunic and a basal plate from which the roots grow. The storage organ of the cyclamen has no papery covering and, depending on the species, roots may grow out of any part. It is therefore properly classified as a tuber (somewhat like a potato). The tuber may produce roots from the top, sides or bottom, depending on the species.
40:
2811:
Cyclamen diversity in the
Mediterranean has been studied extensively to understand how the species remain distinct (Debussche et al., 2000, 2002, 2003) and how they have reacted to the dramatic climate changes in the region. Certain climate-change models suggest many species could become extinct in
2964:
have white, bright pink, red or purple flowers. While flowering florists' cyclamen should be kept below 20 °C (68 °F), with the night-time temperatures preferably 6.5–15 °C (43.7–59.0 °F). Temperatures above 20 °C (68 °F) may induce the plant to become dormant.
2819:
as a result. However in a few areas plant-conservation charities have educated local people to control the harvest carefully at a sustainable level, including sowing seed for future crops, both sustaining the wild populations and producing a reliable long-term income. Many cyclamen are also
2291:
A comparison of the groups produced in the two studies shows them to be very similar (see the table below). Nevertheless, the authors of the 2004 study declined to produce a subgeneric classification, concluding that more work was needed to align the phylogeny and classification of
781:
Leaves sprout from growing points or floral trunks on top of the tuber. Each leaf grows on its own stem. Leaf stems in early growth may be distinguished from flower stems by the direction their tips curl: tips of leaf stems curl upwards and those of flower stems curl downwards.
3940:
Källersjö, Mari; Bergqvist, Gullevi; Anderberg, Arne A. (2000). "Generic realignment in primuloid families of the
Ericales s.l.: A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences from three chloroplast genes and morphology".
3893:
Debussche, Max; Thompson, John D (2003). "Habitat differentiation between two closely related
Mediterranean plant species, the endemic Cyclamen balearicum and the widespread C. repandum".
2815:
In many areas within the native range cyclamen populations have been severely depleted by collection from the wild, often illegally, for the horticultural trade; some species are now
834:
in several shades of green and silver, either in an irregular pattern of blotches or an arrowhead or
Christmas-tree shape. In cultivation cyclamen, especially species other than
2296:, stating that "the publication of formal classifications before adequate data can provide a clear and consistent pattern of information, leads to nomenclatural instability".
3868:"Morphological differentiation among closely related species with disjunct distributions: a case study of Mediterranean Cyclamen L. subgen. Psilanthum Schwarz (Primulaceae)"
2828:
In the sixteenth century, women in their early stages of pregnancy avoided cyclamens in fear of a miscarriage because they were considered to strongly induce childbirth.
1095:
Distribution map of the species of the genus cylamen in Europe, Asia and Africa. (Presumed spread according to wikipedia sources and informations from "cyclamen.org"))
945:
Petal color may be white, pink or purple, often with darker color on the nose. Many species have a pink form and a white form but a few have only one color, such as
4288:
3728:
4327:
2872:
856:, however, originate from cooler regions in mountains and their leaves remain through the summer and wither only after the next year's leaves have developed.
3148:
686:
growing points on the tuber become separated by shoulders of tissue and the tuber becomes misshapen. In most other species the tuber is round in old age.
915:
coming from a growing point on the tuber. In all species the stem is normally bent 150-180° at the tip so that the nose of the flower faces downwards.
4236:
4301:
4249:
4363:
4450:
1144:-sequences. A few species that were not included in the analysis are placed based on morphology only and are noted with a question mark.
3042:
4081:
Yesson, C; Toomey, NH; Culham, A (2008). "Cyclamen: Time, sea and speciation biogeography using a temporally calibrated phylogeny".
3704:
342:
290:
844:
Most cyclamen species originate from the
Mediterranean, where summers are hot and dry and winters are cool and wet, and are summer-
689:
Leaves and flowers sprout from growing points on the top of the tuber. Growing points that have lengthened and become like woody
4275:
3628:
2996:
3771:
L. (Primulaceae): Evidence from morphology and sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA".
3024:
4306:
3477:
3287:
2831:
Cyclamens were used as love-charms, aphrodisiacs, and intoxicant and a small amount would be put in cakes or a cup of wine.
4314:
3455:
3810:"Nomenclature in the dock. Overclassification leads to instability: a case study in the horticulturally important genus
3485:
3120:
3502:
4455:
4445:
3525:
4376:
3497:
3301:
3259:
3245:
3078:
2982:
2580:
1643:
A study published in 2004 produced a similar phylogeny in a combined analysis of molecular and morphological data:
998:, however, the cone of anthers sticks out prominently, about 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) beyond the rim of the
4332:
3841:"Distribution of Cyclamen repandum Sibth. & Sm. subsp. repandum and ecology in Corsica and continental France"
3363:
3106:
2851:
1132:
published in 2000, with four supported clades approximately corresponding to four subgenera, is shown below. The
1003:
484:"circle", because of the round tuber. In English the species of the genus are commonly called by the genus name.
62:
20:
3092:
2856:
Cyclamen are commonly grown for their flowers, both outdoors and indoors in pots. Several species, particularly
3979:
3064:
659:
has thick anchor roots on the bottom. The roots and tubes of cyclamen plants are known to contain the compound
4381:
3368:
3273:
3203:
3189:
4140:
3231:
3175:
2739:
1414:
3134:
3010:
2926:
survives temperatures down to −14 °C (7 °F) but not prolonged freezing below this temperature.
3343:
2749:
2679:
1212:
1171:
886:
676:
649:
581:
3217:
4342:
4254:
4210:
4008:
3902:
3780:
3332:
2769:
2719:
2699:
2689:
1582:
1538:
1455:
1323:
1034:
994:
841:
The lower side of leaves is often shiny and its color varies from plain green to rich red or purple.
720:
682:
3699:. Christina Hole, M. A. Radford (Revised and enlarged edition by Christina Hole ed.). London.
2609:
1255:
1054:
947:
830:
The color of the upper side of leaves is variable, even within a species. Most species have leaves
390:
4368:
4412:
4098:
4024:
3958:
3796:
3722:
3460:
2896:
2816:
2779:
2629:
2589:
1364:
1195:
196:
57:
4121:
3331:
Cyclamen L. | Kew
Science. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved December 5, 2022, from
759:
4440:
4350:
4293:
4197:
4069:
3966:
3710:
3700:
2956:
2865:
2759:
2729:
2709:
2649:
2619:
1555:
1514:
1347:
1272:
1116:
900:
795:
637:
603:
49:
3376:
4355:
4090:
4059:
4049:
4016:
3950:
3910:
3879:
3852:
3825:
3788:
2669:
2659:
2599:
1600:
1438:
1306:
912:
655:
537:
428:
307:
255:
249:
1086:
848:: their leaves sprout in the autumn, remain through the winter and wither the next spring.
3507:
3465:
3395:
1050:
595:
573:
529:
521:
487:
362:
359:
301:
100:
2922:
has even survived prolonged freezing and temperatures down to −30 °C (−22 °F).
923:, bent outwards or up, sometimes twisted, and connected at the base into a cup, and five
4012:
3906:
3784:
2839:
4178:
4064:
4037:
545:
510:
458:
439:
87:
3914:
3541:
3390:
501:
In many languages cyclamen species are colloquially called by a name like the
English
4434:
4094:
3884:
3867:
3830:
3809:
3546:. OISE - University of Toronto. London : W. Heinemann. pp. BOOK XXV, LXVII.
3493:
2800:
2639:
1497:
1111:
643:
616:
469:
173:
4102:
4028:
3800:
3357:
838:, are selected as often for striking or unusual leaf patterns as for their flowers.
4417:
3857:
3840:
2930:
tolerates frost as low as −4 °C (25 °F) for a few hours. Others, such as
1066:
382:
156:
4202:
4189:
747:
4404:
789:
varies among the species and even among different specimens of the same species.
4319:
4262:
4172:
3742:
1077:
864:
812:
498:"amulet", because it was believed that evil spells had no effect where it grew.
443:
435:
431:
418:
366:
146:
930:
Petal shape varies depending on species and sometimes within the same species.
831:
690:
4163:
4223:
3520:
3410:
1133:
985:
624:
234:
39:
4394:
4073:
4054:
3970:
1020:
The flower stem coils or bends when the fruit begins to form. The stems of
3714:
4389:
4157:
2961:
2860:, are hardy and can be grown outdoors in mild climates such as northwest
2844:
1137:
845:
660:
628:
394:
136:
126:
113:
3808:
Compton, James A.; Clennett, J. Chris B. & Culham, Alastair (2004).
4241:
4020:
3962:
3792:
3694:
2951:
880:
Flowering time may be any month of the year, depending on the species.
402:
355:
3767:
Anderberg, Arne A.; Trift, Ida; Källersjö, Mari (2000). "Phylogeny of
3346:. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2014.
233:
4267:
2861:
989:
919:'Stargazer' is an exception: its nose faces upwards. Flowers have 5
908:
786:
584:
569:
565:
561:
410:
386:
4134:
4129:
3954:
1057:
by several flaps or teeth at maturity and contains numerous sticky
4228:
3333:
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32774-1
2892:
2838:
2796:
1046:
999:
924:
920:
863:
620:
602:
594:
557:
462:
414:
406:
351:
74:
4280:
3839:
Debussche, Max; Debussche, Geneviève; Grandjanny, Michel (2000).
3620:
560:, from which the leaves, flowers and roots grow. In most species
1058:
632:
421:
398:
4138:
3933:
Cyclamen: a guide for gardeners, horticulturists, and botanists
3924:
Cyclamen: a guide for gardeners, horticulturists, and botanists
2973:
Cyclamen bloom in different seasons, depending on the species.
966:
has an M-shaped splotch with two white or pink ‘eyes’ beneath.
490:
describes how it was called in antiquity by Roman country men:
442:, was returned to the subfamily Myrsinoideae within the family
4215:
1141:
1062:
800:
3486:
3478:
1069:), which eat the sticky covering and then discard the seeds.
3603:
3601:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3569:
3567:
3565:
988:
protrudes 1–3 mm out of the nose of the flower but the
3433:
331:
325:
279:
273:
264:
4116:
2918:, tolerate temperatures down to −20 °C (−4 °F).
2883:, and currently recognises over 100 registered cultivars.
438:
in 2000 and finally, in 2009 with the introduction of the
2820:
propagated in nurseries without harm to the wild plants.
316:
3651:
973:, the petal edges at the nose are curved outwards into
700:
The size of the tuber varies depending on species. In
509:(because they are said to be eaten by pigs), based on
19:
This article is about the flower. For other uses, see
3667:
942:
usually has petals with proportions between the two.
343:
334:
319:
313:
291:
282:
267:
261:
666:
The shape of the tuber may be near spherical, as in
322:
270:
4147:
954:The dark color on the flower nose varies in shape:
328:
310:
276:
258:
16:
3356:
1061:, brown at maturity. Natural seed dispersal is by
1042:coils in both directions, starting in the middle.
3663:
3661:
3659:
977:(Latin for ‘little ears’). Most species, such as
3895:Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology
811:has heart-shaped leaves with a pointed tip. The
3688:
3686:
3540:Pliny the Elder; Rackham, H. (Harris) (1938).
2812:their current range within the next 50 years.
369:. In English, it is known by the common names
3935:(revised and updated ed.). Timber Press.
2873:International Cultivar Registration Authority
8:
3678:
3607:
3592:
3573:
3556:
2960:, which is frost-tender. Selected cyclamen
4135:
3991:Thulin, Mats; Warfa, Ahmed Mumin (1989). "
3727:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
724:tubers do not grow larger than 2 cm (
38:
27:
4063:
4053:
3883:
3866:Debussche, Max; Thompson, John D (2002).
3856:
3829:
3647:
3645:
3434:Källersjö, Bergqvist & Anderberg 2000
4036:Yesson, Chris; Culham, Alastair (2006).
3872:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
3818:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2298:
704:older tubers commonly reach 24 cm (
3458:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
3444:
3324:
3168:
2975:
427:It was traditionally classified in the
3720:
2942:, tolerate only mild and brief frost.
2902:The most frost-hardy species, such as
3652:Anderberg, Trift & Källersjö 2000
938:has stubby, almost round petals, and
7:
4343:c942fbf0-3582-46d2-a741-c55d222d3b7a
3377:participating institution membership
1032:arches downwards but does not curl,
4038:"A phyloclimatic study of Cyclamen"
3668:Compton, Clennett & Culham 2004
3629:The International Plant Names Index
2201:
2179:
2124:
2102:
2095:
2031:
2009:
1987:
1980:
1906:
1884:
1862:
1806:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1738:
1683:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1530:
1489:
1430:
1406:
1399:
1339:
1298:
1247:
1187:
1163:
1155:
1147:
631:). It is often mistakenly called a
2795:Cyclamen species are eaten by the
934:has petals much longer than wide,
494:literally "earth truffle" or also
14:
3931:Grey-Wilson, Christopher (2002).
3922:Grey-Wilson, Christopher (1998).
434:, was reclassified in the family
4095:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01971.x
3885:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00054.x
3831:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00322.x
3300:
3286:
3272:
3258:
3244:
3230:
3216:
3202:
3188:
3174:
3147:
3133:
3119:
3105:
3091:
3077:
3063:
3041:
3023:
3009:
2995:
2981:
2843:Cyclamen persicum 'Stirling', a
2583:accepted the following species:
1085:
1076:
799:usually have leaves shaped like
758:
746:
306:
254:
61:
4382:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32774-1
4001:Plant Systematics and Evolution
3773:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1038:coils start near the tuber and
3978:Stevens, Peter F (July 2012).
3858:10.1080/12538078.2000.10515404
3696:Encyclopaedia of superstitions
3396:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2950:The cyclamen commonly sold by
753:Christmas tree pattern on leaf
653:roots from the top and sides.
1:
3915:10.1016/s1146-609x(02)00006-1
1002:, similar to shooting-stars (
872:(without auricles); on right
674:. In some older specimens of
3984:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
2891:Cyclamen species range from
2871:The Cyclamen Society is the
2300:Comparison of groups within
890:bloom in summer and autumn,
807:has nearly round leaves and
187:
4451:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3526:Online Etymology Dictionary
823:, or finely toothed, as in
619:of the cyclamen is a round
4472:
3943:American Journal of Botany
3487:
3479:
2849:
2581:Plants of the World Online
1028:coil starting at the end,
992:are inside the flower. In
623:, which develops from the
18:
3364:Oxford English Dictionary
2852:List of cyclamen diseases
2221:
2206:
2199:
2184:
2177:
2144:
2129:
2122:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2051:
2036:
2029:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1926:
1911:
1904:
1889:
1882:
1867:
1860:
1826:
1811:
1804:
1780:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1736:
1703:
1688:
1681:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1597:
1579:
1552:
1535:
1528:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1452:
1435:
1428:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1361:
1344:
1337:
1320:
1303:
1296:
1269:
1252:
1245:
1209:
1192:
1185:
1168:
1161:
1153:
969:In some species, such as
951:, which is always white.
803:, with angles and lobes,
718: in) across, but in
409:and are valued for their
202:
195:
185:
180:
58:Scientific classification
56:
46:
37:
30:
21:Cyclamen (disambiguation)
4042:BMC Evolutionary Biology
3679:Yesson & Culham 2006
1136:is based on morphology,
611:with three floral trunks
4083:Journal of Biogeography
3999:) in tropical Africa".
3693:Radford, Edwin (1961).
3503:A Greek–English Lexicon
3415:Encyclopedia Britannica
3369:Oxford University Press
2308:Anderberg et al. (2000)
1110:was first described by
4055:10.1186/1471-2148-6-72
3745:. The Cyclamen Society
2847:
2740:Cyclamen pseudibericum
2311:Compton et al. (2004)
1415:Cyclamen pseudibericum
1395:subg. Gyrophoebe
1243:subg. Psilanthum
877:
670:, or flattened, as in
647:root from the bottom;
612:
600:
576:, then the plant goes
401:, with one species in
238:
4122:Plants for a Future:
3845:Acta Botanica Gallica
3494:Liddell, Henry George
3127:C. pseudibericum
2858:Cyclamen hederifolium
2842:
2750:Cyclamen purpurascens
2680:Cyclamen hederifolium
2579:As of May 2021,
1213:Cyclamen hederifolium
1172:Cyclamen purpurascens
1022:Cyclamen hederifolium
971:Cyclamen hederifolium
960:Cyclamen hederifolium
940:Cyclamen hederifolium
917:Cyclamen hederifolium
887:Cyclamen purpurascens
882:Cyclamen hederifolium
867:
850:Cyclamen purpurascens
815:may be smooth, as in
791:Cyclamen hederifolium
702:Cyclamen hederifolium
677:Cyclamen purpurascens
672:Cyclamen hederifolium
650:Cyclamen hederifolium
609:Cyclamen purpurascens
606:
598:
237:
4117:The Cyclamen Society
3294:C. purpurascens
3266:C. hederifolium
2835:Cultivation and uses
2770:Cyclamen rohlfsianum
2720:Cyclamen parviflorum
2700:Cyclamen libanoticum
2694:(Meikle) Grey-Wilson
2690:Cyclamen intaminatum
1583:Cyclamen parviflorum
1539:Cyclamen intaminatum
1456:Cyclamen libanoticum
1324:Cyclamen rohlfsianum
1159:subg. Cyclamen
1151:genus Cyclamen
1035:Cyclamen rohlfsianum
995:Cyclamen rohlfsianum
984:In most species the
981:, have no auricles.
962:has a streaky V and
898:bloom in winter and
765:Lower side of a leaf
721:Cyclamen parviflorum
683:Cyclamen rohlfsianum
4013:1989PSyEv.166..249T
3907:2003AcO....24...35D
3785:2000PSyEv.220..147A
3367:(Online ed.).
3308:C. rohlfsianum
3252:C. intaminatum
3099:C. parviflorum
3085:C. libanoticum
2624:Boiss. & Heldr.
2610:Cyclamen balearicum
2604:Dammann ex Sprenger
2304:
1294:subg. Eucosme
1256:Cyclamen balearicum
958:has a smooth band,
948:Cyclamen balearicum
568:, grow through the
391:Mediterranean Basin
4456:Saponaceous plants
4446:Primulaceae genera
4021:10.1007/bf00935953
3793:10.1007/BF00985043
3461:A Latin Dictionary
3399:. Merriam-Webster.
3003:C. balearicum
2946:Florists’ cyclamen
2868:of North America.
2848:
2784:Thulin & Warfa
2780:Cyclamen somalense
2630:Cyclamen colchicum
2594:Boiss. & Reut.
2590:Cyclamen africanum
2299:
1365:Cyclamen somalense
1196:Cyclamen africanum
904:blooms in spring.
878:
854:Cyclamen colchicum
734: in) across.
613:
601:
405:. They grow from
239:
4428:
4427:
4351:Open Tree of Life
4141:Taxon identifiers
3519:Harper, Douglas.
3375:(Subscription or
3210:C. colchicum
3182:C. africanum
3170:Summer and autumn
2977:Winter and spring
2957:Cyclamen persicum
2899:to frost-tender.
2866:Pacific Northwest
2785:
2775:
2765:
2760:Cyclamen repandum
2755:
2745:
2735:
2730:Cyclamen persicum
2725:
2715:
2710:Cyclamen mirabile
2705:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2654:(Dörfl.) Hildebr.
2650:Cyclamen creticum
2645:
2635:
2625:
2620:Cyclamen cilicium
2615:
2605:
2595:
2572:
2571:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2063:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1793:
1792:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1568:
1567:
1556:Cyclamen cilicium
1515:Cyclamen mirabile
1476:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1348:Cyclamen persicum
1284:
1283:
1273:Cyclamen creticum
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1117:Species Plantarum
1030:Cyclamen persicum
979:Cyclamen persicum
956:Cyclamen persicum
932:Cyclamen repandum
901:Cyclamen repandum
892:Cyclamen persicum
836:Cyclamen persicum
809:Cyclamen persicum
796:Cyclamen repandum
785:The shape of the
638:Cyclamen persicum
232:
231:
226:
218:
210:
176:
50:Cyclamen persicum
4463:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4371:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4320:NHMSYS0000457793
4310:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4206:
4205:
4193:
4192:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4136:
4130:Cyclamen Q&A
4106:
4089:(7): 1234–1252.
4077:
4067:
4057:
4032:
4007:(3–4): 249–252.
3987:
3974:
3949:(9): 1325–1341.
3936:
3927:
3918:
3889:
3887:
3862:
3860:
3835:
3833:
3804:
3779:(3–4): 147–160.
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3690:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3654:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3617:
3611:
3608:Grey-Wilson 2002
3605:
3596:
3593:Grey-Wilson 2002
3590:
3577:
3574:Grey-Wilson 2002
3571:
3560:
3557:Grey-Wilson 2002
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3516:
3510:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3304:
3290:
3280:C. mirabile
3276:
3262:
3248:
3234:
3220:
3206:
3196:C. cilicium
3192:
3178:
3155:C. repandum
3151:
3141:C. repandum
3137:
3123:
3113:C. persicum
3109:
3095:
3081:
3071:C. creticum
3067:
3045:
3027:
3013:
2999:
2985:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2670:Cyclamen graecum
2663:
2660:Cyclamen cyprium
2653:
2643:
2634:(Albov) Correvon
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2600:Cyclamen alpinum
2593:
2565:C. pseudibericum
2510:C. pseudibericum
2305:
2202:
2180:
2125:
2103:
2096:
2032:
2017:C. pseudibericum
2010:
1988:
1981:
1907:
1885:
1863:
1807:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1684:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1601:Cyclamen alpinum
1531:
1490:
1439:Cyclamen cyprium
1431:
1407:
1400:
1340:
1307:Cyclamen graecum
1299:
1248:
1188:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1089:
1080:
1040:Cyclamen graecum
927:behind the cup.
825:Cyclamen graecum
775:
762:
750:
733:
732:
728:
717:
716:
712:
709:
656:Cyclamen graecum
580:through the dry
572:and then die in
556:Cyclamen have a
526:pain de pourceau
480:), from κύκλος,
474:kyklā́mīnos
363:flowering plants
346:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
305:
294:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
253:
224:
216:
208:
172:
66:
65:
42:
28:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4416:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4339:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4143:
4113:
4080:
4035:
3990:
3977:
3955:10.2307/2656725
3939:
3930:
3926:. Timber Press.
3921:
3892:
3865:
3838:
3807:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3743:"Cultivar List"
3741:
3740:
3736:
3719:
3707:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3543:Natural history
3539:
3538:
3534:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3508:Perseus Project
3476:
3472:
3466:Perseus Project
3454:
3450:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3344:cyclamen (noun)
3342:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3296:
3291:
3282:
3277:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3249:
3240:
3238:C. graecum
3235:
3226:
3224:C. cyprium
3221:
3212:
3207:
3198:
3193:
3184:
3179:
3165:
3163:C. rhodium
3152:
3143:
3138:
3129:
3124:
3115:
3110:
3101:
3096:
3087:
3082:
3073:
3068:
3059:
3057:C. elegans
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3014:
3005:
3000:
2991:
2989:C. alpinum
2986:
2971:
2948:
2920:C. hederifolium
2908:C. hederifolium
2904:C. purpurascens
2889:
2854:
2837:
2826:
2809:
2793:
2788:
2577:
2398:C. purpurascens
2393:C. hederifolium
2373:C. purpurascens
2368:C. hederifolium
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2167:
2158:
2083:
2074:
2065:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1849:
1840:
1814:C. purpurascens
1794:
1768:C. hederifolium
1726:
1717:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1569:
1477:
1468:
1386:
1377:
1285:
1234:
1225:
1128:A phylogeny of
1126:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1018:
876:(with auricles)
874:C. hederifolium
862:
779:
778:
777:
776:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
755:
754:
751:
740:
730:
726:
725:
714:
710:
707:
705:
627:(the stem of a
599:Tuber and roots
593:
554:
488:Pliny the Elder
461:, from earlier
452:
344:
309:
300:
299:
292:
257:
248:
247:
171:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4469:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4433:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:wfo-4000010234
4409:
4399:
4386:
4373:
4360:
4347:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4194:
4184:
4169:
4153:
4151:
4149:Wadiv cyclamen
4145:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4111:External links
4109:
4108:
4107:
4078:
4033:
3988:
3980:"Myrsinoideae"
3975:
3937:
3928:
3919:
3890:
3878:(2): 133–144.
3863:
3851:(2): 123–142.
3836:
3824:(3): 339–349.
3814:(Myrsinaceae)"
3805:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3734:
3705:
3682:
3671:
3655:
3641:
3612:
3597:
3578:
3561:
3549:
3532:
3511:
3470:
3448:
3437:
3426:
3402:
3382:
3348:
3336:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2967:
2947:
2944:
2940:C. rohlfsianum
2888:
2885:
2836:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2808:
2805:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2706:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2646:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2606:
2596:
2585:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2560:C. parviflorum
2557:
2552:
2550:C. libanoticum
2547:
2545:C. intaminatum
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2504:C. parviflorum
2501:
2496:
2494:C. libanoticum
2491:
2489:C. intaminatum
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2448:C. rohlfsianum
2445:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2423:C. rohlfsianum
2420:
2415:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:C. intaminatum
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:C. libanoticum
2035:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:C. parviflorum
1991:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:C. rohlfsianum
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1125:
1122:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1017:
1014:
861:
858:
770:
769:
764:
757:
756:
752:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:
739:
736:
592:
589:
553:
550:
514:panis porcinus
511:Medieval Latin
478:kyklāmī́s
459:Medieval Latin
451:
448:
440:APG III system
365:in the family
230:
229:
228:
227:
219:
211:
200:
199:
193:
192:
183:
182:
178:
177:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
117:
116:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
85:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4468:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3706:0-09-125200-8
3702:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3610:, p. 37.
3609:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:, p. 36.
3594:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:, p. 34.
3575:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3559:, p. 35.
3558:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3498:Scott, Robert
3495:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3441:
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3398:
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3352:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3270:
3267:
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3253:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3233:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3169:
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3122:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3103:
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3075:
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3066:
3061:
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3012:
3007:
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2968:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:
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2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:Cyclamen coum
2637:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:C. balearicum
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:C. balearicum
2321:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1976:Clade D
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:Clade C
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1749:Clade B
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:C. balearicum
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1657:Clade A
1656:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:Cyclamen coum
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1112:Carl Linnaeus
1109:
1101:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1026:Cyclamen coum
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
964:Cyclamen coum
961:
957:
952:
950:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:Cyclamen coum
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
902:
897:
896:Cyclamen coum
893:
889:
888:
883:
875:
871:
866:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
839:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
817:Cyclamen coum
814:
810:
806:
805:Cyclamen coum
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
783:
774:
773:Cyclamen coum
761:
749:
737:
735:
723:
722:
703:
698:
696:
695:floral trunks
693:are known as
692:
687:
685:
684:
679:
678:
673:
669:
668:Cyclamen coum
664:
662:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
645:
644:Cyclamen coum
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:storage organ
610:
605:
597:
590:
588:
586:
583:
582:Mediterranean
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:tūber terrae,
489:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Ancient Greek
467:
464:
460:
456:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:
425:
423:
420:
417:and variably
416:
413:with upswept
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
339:
303:
297:
296:
287:
251:
245:
244:
236:
223:
220:
215:
212:
207:
204:
203:
201:
198:
194:
191:
189:
184:
179:
175:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:Tracheophytes
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:
51:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
4148:
4123:
4086:
4082:
4045:
4041:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3923:
3901:(1): 35–45.
3898:
3894:
3875:
3871:
3848:
3844:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3747:. Retrieved
3737:
3695:
3674:
3633:. Retrieved
3627:
3622:
3615:
3552:
3542:
3535:
3524:
3514:
3501:
3473:
3459:
3451:
3445:Stevens 2012
3440:
3429:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:
3405:
3394:
3385:
3362:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3307:
3293:
3279:
3265:
3251:
3237:
3223:
3209:
3195:
3181:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3140:
3126:
3112:
3098:
3084:
3070:
3056:
3052:
3049:C. coum
3048:
3034:
3031:C. coum
3030:
3017:C. coum
3016:
3002:
2988:
2972:
2955:
2949:
2939:
2935:
2932:C. africanum
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2890:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2857:
2855:
2830:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2807:Conservation
2797:caterpillars
2794:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2453:C. somalense
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2428:C. somalense
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2388:C. colchicum
2387:
2383:C. africanum
2382:
2372:
2367:
2363:C. africanum
2362:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2301:
2293:
2290:
2223:
2222:
2208:
2207:
2186:
2185:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2130:
2109:
2108:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2016:
2015:
1994:
1993:
1929:C. somalense
1928:
1927:
1913:
1912:
1891:
1890:
1869:
1868:
1829:C. colchicum
1828:
1827:
1813:
1812:
1783:C. africanum
1782:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1668:
1667:
1642:
1599:
1598:
1581:
1580:
1554:
1553:
1537:
1536:
1513:
1512:
1496:
1495:
1454:
1453:
1437:
1436:
1413:
1412:
1363:
1362:
1346:
1345:
1322:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1253:
1211:
1210:
1194:
1193:
1170:
1169:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1067:myrmecochory
1044:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1008:
1004:
993:
983:
978:
974:
970:
968:
963:
959:
955:
953:
946:
944:
939:
935:
931:
929:
916:
906:
899:
895:
891:
885:
881:
879:
873:
869:
853:
849:
843:
840:
835:
829:
824:
820:
816:
808:
804:
794:
790:
784:
780:
772:
719:
701:
699:
694:
688:
681:
675:
671:
667:
665:
654:
648:
642:
636:
614:
608:
577:
555:
542:varkensbrood
541:
533:
525:
517:
513:
506:
502:
500:
495:
491:
486:
481:
477:
473:
472:κυκλάμινος,
465:
454:
453:
426:
393:east to the
381:species are
378:
374:
370:
242:
241:
240:
221:
213:
205:
186:
167:
166:
157:Myrsinoideae
120:
107:
94:
81:
48:
31:
25:
4263:iNaturalist
4173:Wikispecies
3997:Primulaceae
2936:C. persicum
2924:C. repandum
2916:C. cilicium
2881:C. persicum
2555:C. mirabile
2525:C. cilicium
2499:C. mirabile
2473:C. cilicium
2443:C. persicum
2418:C. persicum
2348:C. repandum
2343:C. creticum
2328:C. creticum
2132:C. mirabile
2110:C. cilicium
1914:C. persicum
1691:C. repandum
1669:C. creticum
1049:is a round
1009:Dodecatheon
870:C. persicum
813:leaf margin
607:A tuber of
564:come up in
552:Description
534:pan porcino
444:Primulaceae
436:Myrsinaceae
432:Primulaceae
367:Primulaceae
153:Subfamily:
147:Primulaceae
101:Angiosperms
4435:Categories
4048:(72): 72.
3749:12 October
3635:2021-05-08
3521:"cyclamen"
3480:κυκλάμινος
3456:cyclamīnos
3420:2019-12-18
3411:"Cyclamen"
3391:"cyclamen"
3379:required.)
3358:"cyclamen"
3315:References
3035:caucasicum
2928:C. graecum
2879:excluding
2850:See also:
2817:endangered
2801:the gothic
2540:C. elegans
2535:C. cyprium
2520:C. alpinum
2484:C. cyprium
2468:C. alpinum
2463:Gyrophoebe
2438:C. graecum
2413:C. graecum
2318:Psilanthum
2224:C. elegans
2187:C. alpinum
2054:C. cyprium
1892:C. graecum
1106:The genus
832:variegated
507:swinebread
466:cyclamīnos
375:swinebread
222:Cyclaminus
214:Cyclaminum
206:Cyclaminos
3723:cite book
2962:cultivars
2887:Hardiness
2461:Subgenus
2406:Subgenus
2356:Subgenus
2316:Subgenus
1134:phylogeny
1124:Phylogeny
1120:in 1753.
625:hypocotyl
419:patterned
360:perennial
71:Kingdom:
4441:Cyclamen
4402:VASCAN:
4395:40019140
4390:Tropicos
4179:Cyclamen
4158:Wikidata
4124:Cyclamen
4103:85573501
4074:16987413
4029:28587660
3993:Cyclamen
3971:10991903
3812:Cyclamen
3801:12464092
3769:Cyclamen
3623:Cyclamen
3159:rhodense
2952:florists
2877:Cyclamen
2864:and the
2845:cultivar
2744:Hildebr.
2714:Hildebr.
2704:Hildebr.
2516:Clade D
2434:Clade C
2379:Clade B
2358:Cyclamen
2334:Clade A
2302:Cyclamen
2294:Cyclamen
1138:cytology
1130:Cyclamen
1108:Cyclamen
1102:Taxonomy
1053:, which
975:auricles
911:is on a
868:On left
661:cyclamin
629:seedling
503:sowbread
496:amulētum
455:Cyclamen
395:Caucasus
389:and the
379:Cyclamen
371:sowbread
295:-klə-mən
243:Cyclamen
197:Synonyms
188:See text
181:Species
168:Cyclamen
143:Family:
137:Ericales
127:Asterids
114:Eudicots
32:Cyclamen
4294:1383520
4281:32774-1
4242:3169314
4164:Q147295
4065:1599755
4009:Bibcode
3963:2656725
3903:Bibcode
3781:Bibcode
3761:Sources
3506:at the
3161:, syn.
3157:subsp.
3055:, syn.
3053:elegans
3051:subsp.
3033:subsp.
2969:Gallery
2912:C. coum
2824:Culture
2791:Ecology
2664:Kotschy
2575:Species
2530:C. coum
2479:C. coum
2408:Eucosme
2209:C. coum
1005:Primula
1000:corolla
990:stamens
860:Flowers
846:dormant
819:subsp.
729:⁄
713:⁄
578:dormant
538:Italian
518:Saubrot
468:, from
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356:species
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4364:PLANTS
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4187:APDB:
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1007:sect.
925:sepals
921:petals
909:flower
787:leaves
738:Leaves
585:summer
574:spring
570:winter
566:autumn
562:leaves
530:French
522:German
482:kýklos
476:(also
429:family
422:leaves
415:petals
407:tubers
387:Europe
383:native
354:of 23
225:Haller
217:Bubani
209:Heldr.
4405:29037
4333:59973
4289:IRMNG
4268:55869
4229:1CYZG
4216:72251
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3797:S2CID
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2734:Mill.
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2644:Mill.
1059:seeds
1055:opens
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621:tuber
591:Tuber
558:tuber
546:Dutch
463:Latin
450:Names
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4237:GBIF
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3967:PMID
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