92:
62:
829:) Danes from all the kingdom's regions to meet at the border and under her supervision they built a wall of earth and timber from Slien over the moors to Trene. The Scanians received the western section from Karlegat to Trene. Zealanders and Funen dwellers received the section east from Slien (Schlei bay) to Karlegat. Jutlanders provided provisions to the whole army." This would place Thyra's extension sometime before 940. Forbindelsesvolden was attacked by the
1478:
680:
259:
45:
1496:
692:
629:
500:
99:
69:
557:(1864), eventually resulting in a Danish defeat and subsequent German annexation. In this hostile context, the Danevirke played an important role, at first as a mental cultural barrier against Germany, but soon also as a concrete military fortification, when it was strengthened with cannon emplacements and entrenchments in 1850 and again in 1861.
1019:
construction process. When the local
Wehrmacht commander refused, Telling threatened him with reprisals from the SS. Construction was called off and Himmler's written order arrived two days later countering the Wehrmacht's original instructions. Telling later settled near the site and considered himself a custodian of it until his death in 1968.
1018:
civilization" and
Himmler authorized him to stop the construction of the anti-tank trench. He informed Telling that a written order would be dispatched but that it would take several days to arrive. Telling then drove to the site and ordered the commanding Wehrmacht officers to immediately stop the
968:
had frozen solid in a hard winter and could be crossed easily, and the territory immediately south of the
Danevirke had been conquered by the advancing German army. This retreat came as a surprise to the Austro-Prussian army, and almost all of the Danish army succeeded in completing the evacuation.
479:
south of Hedeby during the Nordic Iron Age, and recent archaeological excavations have revealed that the
Danevirke was initiated much earlier than King Gudfred's reign, at least as far back as 500 AD and probably well before that. Because of its historical importance and testimony to the defense of
943:
in 1864. Due especially to the above-mentioned emotive nationalist symbolism, public opinion in
Denmark and the Danish military had expected the coming battle to take place along the Danevirke. After centuries of abandonment and decay, the Danevirke fortifications were partially restored,
973:
was never properly used for the evacuation. News of the retreat came as a great shock to Danish public opinion which had considered the
Danevirke to be impregnable, and General de Meza was promptly relieved of his command. The Danevirke has remained in German possession ever since.
875:
fortified the rest of
Hovedvolden with the famous "Valdemar-wall", a 7-m high wall of stones in mortar on a granite boulder base, propped up with buttresses and covered with tiles. This was a large reinforcement, and doubtless deterred many who tried to send an army northwards through
804:
Hovedvolden was expanded, so that it was now about 5 m high and about 20 m wide. Krumvolden was built through the Rheide Å, and overlapped with
Hovedvolden. Forbindelsesvolden closed a gap between Halvkredsvolden ("the semicircle rampart", a bank that protected
925:. An armistice signed on 2 August 1848 caused the Prussians to evacuate Schleswig-Holstein but did not end the war. Further engagements in the next two years saw fighting in the vicinity of the Danevirke but not directly involving it. Final peace was signed on 8 May 1852.
731:. The first three stages were simple ramparts of soil, and the fourth stage was a palisade rampart with heavy timber front, built in 737. In the final stages the timber palisade was reinforced with a heavy stone wall around the timber. Work is said to have been started by
861:(1080–86) Denmark was at war with the German empire. The Danevirke was strengthened at the beginning of the 12th century: the moats were deepened and the ramparts were made higher. A granite boulder palisade wall was built on a part of Hovedvolden.
1912:
789:
bay which is now a lake called Selker Noor. Its palisade was about 3 m high, and was a little more solid than that on the first ramparts. The bank of earth behind the palisade was about 2 m high and 7 m wide. It had a V-shaped
802:– Hovedvolden/Hauptwall/"main rampart", Krumvolden/Krummwall/"curved rampart", Buevolden/Bogenwall/"bow rampart"), Dobbeltvolden/Doppelwall/"double rampart", Forbindelsesvolden ("the connecting rampart")/Margarethenwall ("Margret's rampart")
994:
feared that a second Allied invasion might take place through
Denmark, and contemplated converting the earthen wall into an anti-tank trench to counter this threat. Had the proposal been implemented, it would have destroyed the structure.
611:
in 2013 has revealed that the second stage started around 500 AD, and the oldest fortifications are even older than that. Previous carbon-14 dating had dated some of the early constructions to the second half of the 7th century, and
1756:
666:
reinforced parts of the
Danevirke with a brick wall, which enabled a continued military use of this strategically important structure. The reinforced parts of the structure are consequently known in Danish as
1467:
564:
was adopted as the title of several Danish nationalist journals dealing specifically with the question of Danish autonomy vis-à-vis Germany, the most notable of these being published by
809:) and Hovedvolden near Dannevirke Sø. Buevolden and Dobbeltvolden protected an important road junction. This wall is connected to most of the building work is attributed to
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2137:
1947:
1931:
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1383:"Da 40.000 danske soldater opgav Dannevirke og forsvandt i ly af natten [When 40,000 Danish soldiers gave up Danevirke and disappeared under cover of darkness]"
91:
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1973:
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750:(now called Rheider Au) to a small lake called Dannevirke Sø. It was the main segment of the Danevirke. About 2 m high and 12 m wide.
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The Danevirke consists of several walls, trenches and the Schlei Barrier. The walls stretch for 30 km, from the former Viking trade centre of
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It resulted, however, in the abandonment of important pieces of heavy artillery, and it remains a matter of historical debate why the railway to
537:. Throughout the nineteenth century, Denmark and Germany struggled politically and militarily for possession of the territory variously known as
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2172:
2119:
1961:
1939:
1820:
1701:
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The Danevirke is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long overall, with a height varying between 3.6 and 6 metres (12 and 20 ft). During the
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1967:
2197:
592:, that the main structure of the Danevirke had been built in three phases between AD 737 and 968. It is, therefore, contemporary with
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royal annals in 808, then Harald did not build it) it stretched from the Rheide Å about 7 km to a southern extension of the
126:
2227:
1152:
1091:
1014:("Office for ancestral heritage"), and Himmler himself. Telling argued strongly against the destruction of an important remnant of "
909:
commenced on 31 March 1848 but Prussia did not become involved until a naval incident on 19 April. Therefore, on 23 April, General
61:
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1825:
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The Danevirke began to lose its purpose in the 14th century, owing both to the expense of manning it and to the development of
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and masonry walls, and was used by Danish kings as a gathering point for Danish military excursions, including a series of
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576:, but the cultural and linguistic frontiers had gradually moved north, and by the 19th century territory as far north as
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20:
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also suggests that the examined constructions began not very long after 737, about 70 years before the reign of king
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in Europe during the 19th Century, the Danevirke became a powerful symbol for Denmark and for the idea of a unique
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ordered the Danevirke to be built. She was the wife of the first historically recognized king of Denmark,
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upon weak Danish resistance at the Danevirke entrenchment and, after a short engagement near the town of
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adds a little detail to the extension of the Danevirke in that time period. "Then summoned (Queen)
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coast in the east to the extensive marshlands in the west of the peninsula. One of the walls (named
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from the northern extent of the Frankish empire. However, the Danes were also in conflict with the
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to the south of the Danevirke, but no battle took place at it, as the Danish Commander in Chief,
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Reinforcement on the Main Wall finished in 954, and a new Forbindelsevold build from 964 to 968.
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in 772 to 804, Godfred began work on an enormous structure to defend his realm, separating the
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Nordvolden: From the northeastern side of Dannevirke Sø, and further north about 7 km.
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including Himmler's warrant i Danish translation, authorizing Telling to protect the site
394:, Germany. This historically important linear defensive earthwork across the neck of the
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2023:
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1038:
880:. It was the last true reinforcement of the ramparts. Later Thyraborg castle was built.
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The construction period of this rampart would have been some time between 770 and 970.
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1002:– aware that all archaeological investigation was under the ultimate jurisdiction of
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installations in 1850 and 1861. In the Second War of Schleswig, there was some early
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According to written sources, work on the Danevirke was started by the Danish King
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1751:
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The first Danevirke was built in five stages, starting about 650, according to
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1907:
1877:
1872:
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1043:
1010:– immediately telephoned both the head of the SS's archaeological department,
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in 1816–19. In earlier times, the Danevirke had indeed defined a cultural and
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430:
407:
1435:
1116:"Broer, Ringborge og Dannevirke [Bridges, Ringcastles and Danevirke]"
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Expanded by King Gudfred, Harald Bluetooth, Canute IV, Valdemar I and others.
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trade routes in the Viking Age, the Danevirke and the nearby Viking town of
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960:, owing to an unexpected threat of being outflanked, as the Schlei and the
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499:
1295:"'Sensational' Discovery: Archeologists Find Gateway to the Viking Empire"
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2011:
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2017:
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414:. The Danevirke was last used for military purposes in 1864 during the
395:
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291:
1204:
725:"), Nordvolden ("the north rampart"), Østervolden ("the east rampart")
588:
Archaeological excavations in 1969–1975 established, with the help of
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about AD 650. It was later expanded multiple times during Denmark's
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was predominantly German-speaking, but remained part of Denmark.
791:
1449:
775:– Kovirke ("cow-work")/Kograben ("cow-moat" or "district moat")
1888:
Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square
16:
System of Danish fortifications in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
604:, another great defensive structure of the late 8th century.
921:, drove the Danish army into retreat and seized the city of
1205:"Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke"
662:
of the south Baltic. In particular, the 12th-century King
1442:
on the Danish Knowledge (XXG), accessed on 23 July 2006.
1692:
Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg
939:
The last military use of the Danevirke was during the
1144:
The Archaeology of Medieval Germany: An Introduction
756:Østervolden: About 3.3 km long, and protecting
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1710:
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1647:Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
781:(if it is the work mentioned as newly made in the
1506:For official site names, see each article or the
1086:(in Danish). Højbjerg: Moesgård & Wormianum.
855:– Forbindelsesvolden, Krumvolden, and Hovedvolden
632:The Danevirke (shown in red) on the 16th century
1796:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen
1434:Parts of this article are based on the articles
1727:Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl
1369:The Founding of the German Empire by William I.
1345:(in Danish). Aarhus University. Archived from
1461:
8:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1381:Henrik Dannemand Jensen (4 February 2014).
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
998:Hearing of the plans, Danish archaeologist
956:, withdrew all soldiers to the trenches at
1883:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
1468:
1454:
1446:
549:by the Germans. Two wars were fought, the
257:
27:
1836:Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
510:ordering the foundation of the Danevirke.
1845:Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria
1177:
1175:
1742:Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
1587:Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin
1509:List of World Heritage Sites in Germany
1106:
843:– Hovedvolden/Hauptwall/"main rampart".
763:A 900 m long submerged construction in
683:Map showing Danevirke/Danewerk and the
675:Stages in the building of the Danevirke
1873:Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
1821:The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier
1264:"Danevirke er noget ældre end antaget"
1141:Fehring, Günter P. (24 October 2014).
849:is thought to be the main constructor.
1182:Danevirke – Ældre end hidtil antaget!
328:
318:
308:
296:
276:
267:
7:
1577:Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin
1235:Lotte Flugt Kold (3 November 2014).
650:, the structure was reinforced with
1853:Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes
1667:Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region
1262:Uffe Christensen (27 August 2013).
1168:Ordbog over det danske Sprog: Virke
456:in 808. Fearing an invasion by the
1600:Upper Harz Water Management System
1293:Matthias Schulz (27 August 2010).
794:, 4 m wide and 3 m deep.
14:
982:Following the Allied invasion of
572:border between Danish and German
301:Archaeological Border Complex of
98:
68:
1826:Augsburg Water Management System
1816:Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch
1535:Berlin Modernism Housing Estates
1494:
1476:
1326:(in Danish). Gyldendal Business.
944:strengthened, and equipped with
464:over the previous 100 years and
97:
90:
67:
60:
43:
2218:World Heritage Sites in Germany
2208:Viking buildings and structures
2188:Geography of Schleswig-Holstein
1682:Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski
896:First and Second Schleswig Wars
1297:. Spiegel Online International
1243:(in Danish). Aarhus University
1122:(in Danish). Aarhus University
1082:Andersen, H. Hellmuth (2004).
777:Built either by Guðfrið or by
111:Show map of Schleswig-Holstein
49:Danevirke: construction phases
1:
2193:History of Schleswig-Holstein
2173:Germanic archaeological sites
1849:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
1560:Archaeological Border Complex
1065:History of Schleswig-Holstein
892:, and similar siege engines.
743:according to annales in 808.
1868:Monastic Island of Reichenau
1209:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
460:, who had conquered heathen
248:Earth, timber, stone, bricks
2198:Military history of Denmark
1858:Maulbronn Monastery Complex
1652:Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm
1270:(in Danish). Archived from
21:Dannevirke (disambiguation)
2244:
1339:"Valdemarstiden 1157–1241"
964:between the Danevirke and
932:
560:In the early 19th Century
315:Cultural: (iii), (iv)
271:UNESCO World Heritage Site
222:Multiple later expansions.
18:
1926:
1878:Pilgrimage Church of Wies
1786:Great Spa Towns of Europe
1752:Upper Middle Rhine Valley
1544:Roland on the Marketplace
1503:
1187:25 September 2015 at the
721:– Hovedvolden ("the main
522:(reign c. 936 – c. 958).
514:Legend has it that Queen
341:
256:
161:Walls, ramparts, trenches
54:
42:
35:
2228:Historic defensive lines
1582:Hanseatic City of Lübeck
1371:1890. Volume 1, page 253
671:(lit: Valdemar's wall).
2178:Architecture in Denmark
1841:Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt
1596:Historic Town of Goslar
1549:Fagus Factory in Alfeld
1530:ADGB Trade Union School
935:Evacuation of Danevirke
416:Second War of Schleswig
2007:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1908:Messel Pit Fossil Site
1863:Margravial Opera House
1761:Cathedral of St. Peter
1428:Museum at the Danewerk
1191:Museum South-Jutland.
819:Danmarks Riges Krønike
714:
688:
643:
596:on the border between
525:With the emergence of
511:
484:were inscribed on the
1913:Ancient Beech Forests
1732:Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe
1424:in English and Danish
911:Friedrich von Wrangel
694:
682:
631:
584:Archaeological record
502:
445:inlets, defended the
398:was initiated by the
2203:Iron Age Scandinavia
2183:Geography of Denmark
1791:Völklingen Ironworks
1747:Lower Germanic Limes
1671:Luther Memorials in
1621:Historic Centres of
1592:Mines of Rammelsberg
1568:St. Michael's Church
1564:St. Mary's Cathedral
1484:World Heritage Sites
1343:danmarkshistorien.dk
1241:danmarkshistorien.dk
1120:danmarkshistorien.dk
1084:Til hele rigets værn
941:Second Schleswig War
929:Second Schleswig War
859:Canute IV of Denmark
642:, published in 1539.
555:Second Schleswig War
553:(1848–1851) and the
379:, literally meaning
19:For other uses, see
2213:Fortification lines
1658:Dresden Elbe Valley
1609:Kontorhaus District
1387:Berlingske (Kultur)
913:marched his 12,000
907:First Schleswig War
901:First Schleswig War
735:, and continued by
551:First Schleswig War
489:World Heritage List
230:Unknown initiator.
138: /
81:Show map of Germany
37:Schleswig-Holstein
1765:Church of Our Lady
1687:Naumburg Cathedral
1662:(delisted in 2009)
1060:History of Denmark
867:– Hovedvolden and
746:Hovedvolden: From
715:
695:Map of the rivers
689:
685:Hærvejen/Ochsenweg
664:Valdemar the Great
658:raids against the
644:
566:N. F. S. Grundtvig
512:
396:Cimbrian peninsula
392:Schleswig-Holstein
390:fortifications in
288:Schleswig-Holstein
185:(historically the
179:Controlled by
2223:Linear earthworks
2160:
2159:
1782:, Worms and Mainz
1737:Cologne Cathedral
1274:on 1 October 2013
1012:Amt für Ahnenerbe
545:by the Danes and
506:'s impression of
386:) is a system of
345:
344:
305:and the Danevirke
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2100:
2094:
2090:Shared with the
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2032:
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2020:
2014:
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1946:Shared with the
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1930:Shared with the
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1774:Speyer Cathedral
1722:Aachen Cathedral
1714:
1702:Classical Weimar
1639:
1540:Bremen Town Hall
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1349:on 14 March 2012
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1320:
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1111:
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1008:Heinrich Himmler
847:Harald Bluetooth
835:Ottonian dynasty
811:Harald Bluetooth
779:Harald Bluetooth
729:carbon-14 dating
614:dendrochronology
609:carbon-14 dating
590:dendrochronology
412:High Middle Ages
261:
240:974, 1848, 1864.
174:Site information
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142:54.467°N 9.450°E
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2043:North Macedonia
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1994:
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1831:Town of Bamberg
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1778:ShUM cities of
1757:Roman Monuments
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1697:Wartburg Castle
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1189:Wayback Machine
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2104:Shared with
1986:Shared with
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1938:Shared with
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1422:Slesvig Wars
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1391:. Retrieved
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1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1342:
1332:
1324:"Dannevirke"
1299:. Retrieved
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1267:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1240:
1237:"Dannevirke"
1215:25 September
1213:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
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1124:. Retrieved
1119:
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988:World War II
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513:
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384:of the Danes
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212:Site history
194:Open to
25:
2093:Netherlands
2079:Switzerland
1981:Switzerland
1393:20 December
1389:(in Danish)
1353:20 December
1301:27 February
1278:27 February
1247:20 December
1193:(in Danish)
1126:20 December
1048:New Zealand
1039:Offa's Dyke
950:skirmishing
865:Danevirke 6
853:Danevirke 5
841:Danevirke 4
800:Danevirke 3
773:Danevirke 2
719:Danevirke 1
648:Middle Ages
594:Offa's Dyke
449:peninsula.
443:Eckernförde
435:Østervolden
333:2018 (42nd
330:Inscription
237:In use
145: /
121:Coordinates
2167:Categories
1918:Wadden Sea
1677:Wittenberg
1572:Hildesheim
1436:Dannevirke
1102:References
1044:Dannevirke
890:trebuchets
873:Valdemar I
711:Schlei bay
706:Rheider Au
570:linguistic
562:Dannevirke
466:Old Saxony
431:Baltic Sea
408:Viking Age
361:Dannevirke
359:spelling:
1623:Stralsund
1613:Chilehaus
1558:Danevirke
1054:Götavirke
1046:(town in
992:Wehrmacht
971:Flensburg
946:artillery
923:Schleswig
919:Dannewerk
886:ballistas
869:Thyraborg
825:(wife of
758:Schwansen
737:Siegfried
652:palisades
578:Flensburg
547:Schleswig
495:Symbolism
491:in 2018.
473:peninsula
447:Schwansen
427:Schleswig
382:earthwork
369:Danavirki
365:Old Norse
349:Danevirke
320:Reference
284:Schleswig
245:Materials
204:Condition
169:3.6–6.0 m
105:Danevirke
75:Danevirke
31:Danevirke
2113:Slovakia
2067:Slovenia
2061:Slovakia
2013:Bulgaria
1975:Slovenia
1807:Southern
1673:Eisleben
1556:and the
1521:Northern
1211:. UNESCO
1185:Archived
1023:See also
984:Normandy
962:wetlands
783:Frankish
733:Angantyr
656:crusader
574:fiefdoms
377:Danewerk
355:(modern
353:Danework
311:Criteria
279:Location
2139:Czechia
2133:Belgium
2127:Austria
2107:Austria
2099:Denmark
2085:Ukraine
2055:Romania
2019:Croatia
2001:Belgium
1995:Austria
1989:Albania
1957:Austria
1899:Natural
1713:Western
1638:Central
1617:Hamburg
1490:Germany
1076:Sources
986:during
878:Jutland
837:in 974.
833:of the
748:Rejde Å
741:Guðfrið
723:rampart
618:Gudfred
602:England
543:Slesvig
470:Jutland
454:Gudfred
429:on the
402:in the
335:Session
298:Part of
292:Germany
130:54°28′N
2121:France
2049:Poland
2031:France
1963:France
1941:Poland
1780:Speyer
1627:Wismar
1554:Hedeby
1151:
1090:
1006:chief
990:, the
958:Dybbøl
857:Under
831:Saxons
807:Hedeby
787:Schlei
709:, and
703:, and
701:Treene
486:UNESCO
482:Hedeby
477:Saxons
462:Frisia
458:Franks
439:Schlei
423:Hedeby
388:Danish
373:German
357:Danish
303:Hedeby
166:Height
133:9°27′E
2145:Italy
2073:Spain
2037:Italy
1969:Italy
1769:Trier
1611:with
1016:Aryan
966:Husum
823:Thyra
765:Slien
697:Eider
660:Slavs
598:Wales
516:Thyra
425:near
400:Danes
371:, in
363:; in
217:Built
183:Danes
2110:and
2096:and
2082:and
1978:and
1763:and
1675:and
1625:and
1607:and
1598:and
1566:and
1542:and
1438:and
1395:2014
1355:2014
1303:2014
1280:2014
1249:2014
1217:2022
1149:ISBN
1128:2014
1088:ISBN
905:The
792:moat
624:Size
607:New
600:and
533:and
441:and
410:and
347:The
324:1553
263:Wall
207:Ruin
158:Type
1767:in
1615:in
1570:at
1487:in
817:'s
638:by
541:or
351:or
199:Yes
2169::
2151:UK
2148:,
2142:,
2136:,
2130:,
2124:,
2076:,
2070:,
2064:,
2058:,
2052:,
2046:,
2040:,
2034:,
2028:,
2022:,
2016:,
2010:,
2004:,
1998:,
1992:,
1972:,
1966:,
1960:,
1851::
1759:,
1594:,
1385:.
1341:.
1311:^
1266:.
1239:.
1225:^
1207:.
1174:^
1118:.
1004:SS
888:,
813:.
699:,
620:.
418:.
375::
367::
290:,
286:,
1512:.
1469:e
1462:t
1455:v
1397:.
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1219:.
1157:.
1130:.
1096:.
1050:)
767:.
760:.
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687:.
337:)
189:)
23:.
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