38:
393:
657:
period, demesne lands came to be cultivated by paid labourers. Eventually, many of the demesne lands were leased out either on a perpetual (i.e., hereditary) or a temporary renewable basis so that many peasants functioned virtually as free proprietors after having paid their fixed rents. In times of
681:(1874) LR 9 QB 162, a case in which the three judges of the Queen's Bench Divisional Court and everyone else concerned assumed without argument that farms which were let by the lord of the manor were part of the lord's demesne land.
1009:
496:
by him to others as sub-tenants. In contrast, the entire territory controlled by a monarch both directly and indirectly via their tenant lords would typically be referred to as their
759:
or forfeiture where a feudal tenure would end and revert to its natural state in the royal demesne, or it could be reduced by later grants of land. During the reign of King
1035:
968:
1013:
677:
Demesne lands that were leased out for a term of years remained demesne lands, though no longer in the occupation of the lord of the manor. See, for example,
871:
379:
1124:
763:(1760–1820), Parliament appropriated most of the royal demesne, in exchange for a fixed annual sum thenceforth payable to the monarch, called the
1106:
37:
1188:
1164:
952:
468:
628:, served as public roads and common pasture land for the lord and his tenants. Most of the remainder of the land in the manor was
982:
Moorhouse, Stephen A (January 1979). "Documentary evidence for the landscape of the manor of
Wakefield during the Middle Ages".
372:
300:
1138:
713:
225:
835:
760:
771:, still occupied by the monarch and never alienated since 1066, may be a rare remnant of the ancient royal demesne.
365:
905:
717:
701:
617:
240:
179:
135:
29:
779:
775:
654:
125:
70:
1183:
962:
768:
755:
The royal demesne was not a static portfolio: it could be increased, for example, as a result of
290:
130:
17:
1160:
948:
613:
501:
485:
165:
140:
601:, was conceived in France, but was exported to areas impacted by French expansion during the
991:
816:
729:
427:
320:
44:
886:
697:
606:
566:
and is an element found in many place-names, can refer to a demesne farm: it derives from
120:
51:
250:
643:, who had no right of tenure on it, in fulfilment of their feudal obligations, but as a
865:
705:
629:
625:
493:
413:
280:
255:
170:
105:
80:
1177:
1053:
860:
737:
524:
310:
295:
392:
995:
733:
709:
574:
340:
245:
684:
In
Ireland, demesne lands were often demarcated with high stone walls. Today, 24
752:
refers to the land that was held by the Crown at the time of the
Domesday Book.
725:
621:
602:
594:
567:
492:
system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land
409:
397:
235:
215:
175:
155:
1080:
764:
745:
612:
In this feudal system, the demesne was all the land retained and managed by a
335:
75:
843:
795:
721:
659:
598:
582:
355:
285:
270:
95:
712:. The king made grants of very large tracts of land under various forms of
649:
811:
799:
688:
in
Ireland bear the name of "Demesne", and many others contain the word.
685:
667:
401:
275:
260:
195:
100:
85:
875:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 980.
791:
756:
663:
636:
516:
505:
345:
330:
265:
210:
205:
110:
913:
787:
783:
671:
489:
325:
145:
115:
90:
523:
is the legal term for the land held by the king at the time of the
644:
497:
405:
190:
635:
Initially, the demesne lands were worked on the lord's behalf by
640:
200:
65:
670:, reducing the feudal aristocrat to poverty among a prosperous
536:
864:
653:
came to be commuted to money payments. With the advent of the
457:
708:, being the commencement of the royal demesne, also known as
1125:""Relentlessly striving for more": Hugh de Lacy in Ireland"
504:
and found its way to foreign lands influenced by it or its
442:
400:. The mustard-coloured areas are part of the demesne, the
433:
616:
for his own use and support. It was not necessarily all
904:
James Robert Vernam
Marchant; Joseph Fletcher Charles.
469:
460:
445:
16:
947:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 9.
430:
416:, can be seen in the mid-southern part of the manor.
782:claimed a large area as the royal demesne in 1171:
454:
451:
439:
436:
736:, thus remained within the royal demesne. In the
700:of 1066, all land in England was claimed by King
23:Land retained for own use by a lord of the manor
647:developed in the later Middle Ages, the serfs'
798:. This region around Dublin would evolve into
744:(literally "the king's land"), and in English
624:. A portion of the demesne lands, called the
373:
8:
1155:Corèdon, Christopher; Williams, Ann (2004).
967:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
887:"Demesne – Define Demesne at Dictionary.com"
412:, residence of the lord and location of the
716:from his demesne, generally in the form of
542:
484:was all the land retained and managed by a
1157:A Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases
943:Prothero, Rowland E., Baron Ernle (2013).
380:
366:
25:
1010:"A map of Ballyfin demesne 200 years ago"
855:
853:
786:, its hinterland, the coastline down to
605:, including the British Isles after the
511:In England, Wales and Northern Ireland,
391:
1139:"Highest Kings: The Normans In Ireland"
827:
309:
224:
154:
28:
960:
767:. The position of the royal estate of
632:by the lord to others as sub-tenants.
562:, which is historically synonymous to
45:Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci
740:of 1086, this land is referred to as
7:
1107:"Newcastle had strategic importance"
679:Musgrave v Inclosure Commissioners
547:, "lord, master of a household" –
14:
1012:. January 5, 2015. Archived from
945:English farming, past and present
535:The word derives from Old French
500:. The concept originated in the
426:
36:
996:10.1080/01433768.1979.10594339
662:or debasement of coinage, the
301:Peerages in the United Kingdom
1:
226:Feudal land tenure in England
1070:Corèdon and Williams, p. 272
906:"Cassell's Latin Dictionary"
396:Conjectural map of a feudal
1189:Economy of medieval England
1159:. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.
933:Corèdon and Williams, p. 33
1205:
1081:"What is ANCIENT DEMESNE?"
696:Immediately following the
666:might come to represent a
15:
704:as his absolute title by
541:, ultimately from Latin
515:is the land held by the
1036:"The Demesne Landscape"
872:Encyclopædia Britannica
840:Oxford University Press
537:
1040:www.askaboutireland.ie
728:administered by royal
543:
417:
702:William the Conqueror
395:
241:English feudal barony
1127:. February 22, 2013.
724:, for example royal
595:manorial land tenure
136:Feudal fragmentation
846:on January 2, 2020.
776:Lordship of Ireland
71:Ecclesiastical fief
1085:The Law Dictionary
1016:on August 15, 2020
732:and royal hunting
720:. The land not so
418:
404:areas part of the
291:Customary freehold
131:Feudal maintenance
18:Wallington Demesne
1087:. 4 November 2011
984:Landscape History
910:cdict.giga.net.tw
790:and the towns of
614:lord of the manor
597:, broadly termed
502:Kingdom of France
486:lord of the manor
390:
389:
166:Lord of the manor
141:Bastard feudalism
30:English feudalism
1196:
1170:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1115:
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1097:
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1021:
1006:
1000:
999:
979:
973:
972:
966:
958:
940:
934:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
912:. Archived from
901:
895:
894:
883:
877:
876:
868:
857:
848:
847:
842:. Archived from
832:
817:Mains (Scotland)
551:is a variant of
546:
540:
477:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
448:
447:
444:
441:
438:
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382:
375:
368:
321:Avera and inward
55:
40:
26:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1154:
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1146:
1141:. May 26, 2019.
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942:
941:
937:
932:
928:
919:
917:
903:
902:
898:
885:
884:
880:
866:"Demesne"
859:
858:
851:
834:
833:
829:
825:
808:
750:ancient demesne
718:feudal baronies
698:Norman Conquest
694:
607:Norman Conquest
591:
533:
521:ancient demesne
475:
471:
450:
429:
425:
386:
350:
305:
220:
150:
57:
56:
52:Bayeux Tapestry
49:
48:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1130:
1116:
1098:
1072:
1063:
1045:
1027:
1001:
974:
953:
935:
926:
896:
891:Dictionary.com
878:
863:, ed. (1911).
861:Chisholm, Hugh
849:
826:
824:
821:
820:
819:
814:
807:
804:
706:allodial right
693:
690:
593:The system of
590:
587:
532:
529:
414:manorial court
388:
387:
385:
384:
377:
370:
362:
359:
358:
352:
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343:
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333:
328:
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313:
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278:
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268:
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258:
256:Knight-service
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229:
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198:
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171:Manorial court
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159:
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138:
133:
128:
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118:
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106:Subinfeudation
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
81:Allodial title
78:
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68:
62:
59:
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42:
41:
33:
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22:
13:
10:
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4:
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1166:1-84384-023-5
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989:
985:
978:
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964:
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954:9781108062480
950:
946:
939:
936:
930:
927:
916:on 2008-10-12
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818:
815:
813:
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809:
805:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:King Henry II
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Domesday Book
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:feudal tenure
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:Royal demesne
691:
689:
687:
682:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
652:
651:
646:
645:money economy
642:
638:
633:
631:
630:sub-enfeoffed
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
545:
539:
530:
528:
526:
525:Domesday Book
522:
518:
514:
513:royal demesne
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:sub-enfeoffed
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
465:
423:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
383:
378:
376:
371:
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364:
363:
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347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
316:
315:
312:
311:Feudal duties
308:
302:
299:
297:
296:Landed gentry
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
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53:
47:
46:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
19:
1156:
1133:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1004:
990:(1): 44–58.
987:
983:
977:
944:
938:
929:
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
909:
899:
890:
881:
870:
844:the original
839:
830:
773:
754:
749:
741:
695:
683:
678:
676:
655:early modern
648:
634:
626:lord's waste
611:
592:
578:
570:
563:
559:
557:
552:
548:
534:
520:
512:
510:
481:
421:
419:
341:Scot and lot
251:Knight's fee
246:Feudal baron
185:
43:
1111:independent
1054:"'Demesne'"
1020:October 31,
742:terra regis
622:manor house
603:Middle Ages
589:Development
568:Old English
410:manor house
236:Land tenure
216:Free tenant
176:Manor house
156:Manorialism
1178:Categories
1058:Logainm.ie
920:2007-07-12
823:References
765:Civil List
761:George III
746:common law
710:Crown land
618:contiguous
488:under the
474:, -
336:Feudal aid
76:Crown land
1184:Feudalism
963:cite book
836:"demesne"
796:Waterford
748:the term
722:enfeoffed
686:townlands
660:inflation
599:feudalism
583:enclosure
558:The word
531:Etymology
527:in 1086.
356:Feudalism
286:Gavelkind
271:Serjeanty
96:Feoffment
812:Townland
806:See also
800:the Pale
730:stewards
668:pittance
637:villeins
506:fiefdoms
281:Freehold
276:Copyhold
261:Baronage
196:Overlord
126:Affinity
101:Seignory
86:Appanage
1149:Sources
792:Wexford
774:In the
769:Windsor
757:escheat
734:forests
620:to the
564:demesne
553:domaine
549:demesne
544:dominus
538:demeine
422:demesne
402:hatched
346:Tallage
331:Scutage
266:Peerage
211:Serfdom
206:Peasant
186:Demesne
111:Feoffee
1163:
1091:4 June
951:
788:Arklow
784:Dublin
726:manors
672:gentry
650:corvée
639:or by
577:) and
575:barley
560:barton
519:, and
490:feudal
482:domain
408:. The
326:Socage
146:Livery
121:Homage
116:Fealty
91:Vassal
641:serfs
517:Crown
498:realm
480:) or
406:glebe
398:manor
191:Glebe
1161:ISBN
1093:2016
1022:2020
969:link
949:ISBN
794:and
664:rent
571:bere
476:MEEN
472:MAYN
201:Lord
180:List
66:Fief
992:doi
585:).
579:ton
470:di-
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1083:.
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1038:.
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