380:
498:
578:
404:
463:
530:
298:
416:
451:
355:
white stiff shirt and bow tie. Normal day-to-day dress (as worn by footmen on duty in the palace, except on special occasions) consists of a black tail coat and trousers, white shirt and black tie and a scarlet waistcoat with gold trimming. Pages wear similar daily, semi-state and (very occasionally) state liveries, but in dark blue rather than scarlet. The uniform clothing issued to full-time royal staff is tailor-made, but the seldom-worn full-state dress is not
510:
392:
553:
129:
32:
239:. From the 16th century onwards, only the lower-status followers tended to receive clothes in livery colours (whilst the higher status ones received cash) and the term "servant", previously much wider, also began to be restricted to describing the same people. Municipalities and corporations copied the behaviour of the great households.
431:
At the
Belgian court liveries in traditional colours are still used at state occasions. The coats are red, and have black cuffs with golden lace. Royal cyphers are embroidered on the shoulders. The breeches are of yellow fabric. The semi-state livery worn for less formal occasions has black breeches.
354:
of the monarch. Gold buttons and other trimmings are of designs and patterns which date from the 18th century, and the full state dress worn by footmen includes scarlet breeches, stockings and a sword. On other formal occasions, a 'semi-state' dress is worn: a scarlet tail coat, black trousers and a
368:
Scarlet is the livery colour of the sovereign and of the royal court. Elizabeth II also had a family livery colour, however, known as 'Edinburgh Green', which she and the Duke of
Edinburgh chose in the year of their marriage, 1948. Five years later, at her coronation, while the Queen's attendants
234:
During the 12th century, specific colours denoting a great person began to be used for both his soldiers and his civilian followers (the two often overlapped considerably), and the modern sense of the term began to form. Usually two different colours were used together (and often with a device or
642:
to make emergency vehicles visually distinct from civilian traffic, allowing for higher visibility and easy identification. Depending on the policies of the agency and the scope of its jurisdiction, the livery used by an emergency vehicle fleet may be the same or similar across a municipality,
318:. Plainer clothing in dark colours and without braiding was worn by footmen, chauffeurs and other employees for ordinary duties. For financial reasons, the employment of such servants, and their expensive dress, died out after World War I except in royal households.
678:
is also the term describing the paint scheme of an aircraft. Most airlines have a standard paint scheme for their aircraft fleet, usually prominently displaying the airline logo or name. From time to time special liveries are introduced, for example prior to big
369:
wore scarlet the page in attendance on the Duke wore a green livery edged in silver. Subsequently, Edinburgh green became the colour used for their private cars and carriages (whereas the official vehicles are painted in a royal livery colour of maroon (or '
235:
badge sewn on), but the ways in which they were combined varied with rank. Often the colours used were different each year. In addition to embroidered badges, metal ones were sewn on to clothing, or hung on neck-chains or (by far the most prestigious)
750:
or the painting design of a military vehicle. The modern military equivalent for "livery" is the term "standard issue", which is used when referring to the colors and regulations required in respect of any military clothing or equipment.
643:
region, or entire country; alternatively, they may differ in each municipality or region, under each agency, or even depending on the vehicle's assigned purpose. Examples of markings and designs used in emergency vehicle liveries include
627:. Fleet liveries can be used to promote a brand or for unrelated advertising compared to the goods contained in the vehicle. This can enable companies to become iconic as a result of their livery. An example is the truck fleet of
608:; members of the company were allowed to dress their servants in the distinctive uniform of their trade, and the company's charters enabled them to prevent others from embarking upon the trades within the company's jurisdiction.
224:
Book of 1483, it was laid down that each person should receive '... for his Livery at night, half a chet loaf, one quart of wine. one gallon of ale; and for Winter livery...one percher wax, one candle wax...'"
484:
The phrase "to sue one's livery" refers to the formal recognition of a noble's majority, in exchange of payment, for conferring the powers attached to his title, and thereby freeing him from dependence as a
760:(the Royal Bodyguard) successfully petitioned to not be required to wear uniforms while on duty within the palace at Versailles, since this livery suggested that they were servants rather than aristocrats.
305:
This practice later contracted to the provision of standardized clothing to male servants, often in a colour-scheme distinctive to a particular family. The term most notably referred to the embroidered
379:
205:. Most often it would indicate that the wearer of the livery was a servant, dependant, follower or friend of the owner of the livery, or, in the case of objects, that the object belonged to them.
183:
is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation, often found on an individual or vehicle. Livery often includes elements of the
754:
Early uniforms were however regarded as a form of livery ("the King's coat") during the late 17th and early 18th centuries in the
European monarchies. During this period, officers of the French
270:
had a "Coller of gold of K. Edward's lyverys" valued at the enormous sum of £40 in an inventory of 1489. This would have been similar to the collars worn by
Hastings' sister and her husband
365:
to the king wear scarlet (or, in
Scotland, green) frock coats with blue velvet cuffs, edged all round with gold lace, with white breeches and hose, a short sword and other accoutrements.
403:
702:, but excluding a rented vehicle driven by the renter. In some jurisdictions a "livery vehicle" covers vehicles that carry up to fifteen passengers, but not more, thus including a
254:
signs of an individual, which were given by that person to friends, followers and distinguished visitors, as well as (in more modest forms) servants. The grandest of these is the
737:(from 1705, derived from the obsolete sense of "provender for horses" found in the mid-15th century) looks after the care, feeding, stabling, etc., of horses for pay.
415:
391:
330:
still use their state liveries on formal occasions. These are generally in traditional national colours, and are based on 18th-century clothing with fine
231:
In the early inventories of households, in the chambers there are a large number of "Livery
Cupboards" recorded, presumably used for storing the Livery.
1073:
592:
From this core meaning, multiple extended or specialist meanings have derived, mostly related to exterior graphic designs on vehicles. Examples include:
502:
462:
290:
badges to sew onto their clothes. In the 15th century, European royalty sometimes distributed uniform suits of clothes to courtiers, as the House of
672:, on vehicles, in order to attract sponsorship and to advertise sponsors, as well as to identify vehicles as belonging to a specific racing team.
136:
1048:
1098:
907:
259:
212:, livery badges worn by the "retainers" of great lords, sometimes in effect private armies, became a great political concern in England.
497:
228:"Edmund Spenser noted in 1596 that '... the liverye is sayd to be served up all night, that is theyr nyghtes allowances of drinks...'"
577:
350:, coachmen and other attendants on state occasions. The full-dress scarlet coats are handmade, and embroidered in gold braid with the
1162:
880:
818:
115:
450:
850:
644:
53:
1113:
897:
541:
1186:
1132:
96:
529:
837:
834:
68:
42:
1201:
656:
516:
934:"Except at public functions, the last time I saw a footman in livery was in 1921": George Orwell writing in the
297:
359:; the usual practice is to select individuals whose height fits the existing ceremonial coats held in storage.
75:
755:
187:
relating to the individual or corporate body featured in the livery. Alternatively, some kind of a personal
49:
20:
746:
The term "livery" is now rarely applied in a military context, so it would be unusual for it to refer to a
338:
are worn, normally with white silk stockings; one exception being the
Spanish court which prescribes red.
1009:
620:
331:
82:
949:"Panoramio - Photo of Acto de presentacion de cartas credenciales en Madrid de los nuevos Embajadores"
1052:
988:
267:
875:
National
Gallery Catalogues: The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings by Lorne Campbell, 1998,
1010:"Dress and insignia worn at His Majesty's court, issued with the authority of the lord chamberlain"
648:
628:
144:
132:
64:
509:
1211:
1206:
1158:
1094:
1067:
903:
876:
814:
639:
571:
209:
1088:
747:
715:
691:
624:
611:
A fleet livery is the common design and paint scheme a business or organization uses on its
479:
157:
675:
652:
362:
307:
195:
896:, Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1987, Cat 448; see also Steane, John,
605:
597:
585:
523:
283:
271:
243:
140:
1195:
719:
687:
612:
559:
513:
327:
255:
236:
830:
552:
89:
918:
727:
351:
279:
128:
635:
to sell replicas of their trucks with their unique red, green, and white livery.
734:
723:
581:
315:
31:
711:
703:
669:
632:
556:
520:
486:
623:
has trucks with a well-known brown livery. This may sometimes used alongside
1116:. Image of die-cast, 1:64 scale model of Stobart including authentic livery.
699:
537:
263:
948:
1127:
726:
companies for the hire of watercraft. Canada has many businesses offering
397:
Coachman and footmen in semi-state livery for the Queen's
Birthday Parade
335:
310:, waistcoats, knee breeches and stockings in 18th-century style, worn by
251:
184:
668:
A racing livery is the specific paint scheme and sticker design used in
385:
Coachman and footmen in state livery for the State
Opening of Parliament
925:, 1988 (English translation), p. 578, Belknap Press, Harvard University
545:
534:
356:
347:
311:
247:
683:
567:
480:
Livery of seisin § Inquisitions post mortem and livery of seisin
370:
291:
287:
188:
1188:(treatise on clothing styles of various grades of domestic servants)
1090:
Monstrous Adversary: The Life of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
923:
A History of Private Life, Vol 2 Revelations of the Medieval World
660:
601:
576:
563:
551:
528:
508:
496:
346:
At the British royal court, scarlet state livery is still worn by
296:
127:
695:
616:
707:
172:
25:
175:
421:
The Duke of Edinburgh driving an Edinburgh Green carriage
166:
894:
Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200–1400
334:. Only male royal servants normally wear livery. Knee
409:
Outriders from the Royal Mews, wearing scarlet livery
169:
163:
160:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
855:Hammond Turner & Sons Birmingham button makers
440:At the Dutch court the full state livery is blue (
191:or badge, or a distinctive colour, is featured.
899:The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy
444:). The breeches are yellow, and cuffs are red.
250:and grander pieces of jewellery containing the
1033:Allison, Ronald; Riddell, Sarah, eds. (1991).
973:Allison, Ronald; Riddell, Sarah, eds. (1991).
831:Tin-glazed earthenware livery-button, ca 1651
501:Royal livery of claret and black, as used on
294:, the leading bankers, did to all employees.
8:
892:Jonathan Alexander & Paul Binski (eds),
718:cabs or coaches that could be provided by a
548:, displaying their respective fleet liveries
1093:. Liverpool University Press. p. 71.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
769:
446:
375:
1072:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1065:
977:. London: Macmillan. pp. 313–314.
809:Françoise Piponnier and Perrine Mane;
1114:CORGI Eddie Stobart Curtainside Truck
286:). Lords gave their servants lead or
7:
782:Oak Furniture: The British Tradition
775:
773:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
682:A "livery vehicle" remains a legal
208:In the late medieval phenomenon of
1181:Rogers Peet & Co, Outfitters,
615:, often using specific colors and
242:The term is also used to describe
14:
1037:. London: Macmillan. p. 153.
301:Footman c. 1780 in braided livery
194:The word itself derives from the
638:Fleet liveries are also used by
461:
449:
414:
402:
390:
378:
156:
30:
883:– Hastings' collar p. 389 n. 88
41:needs additional citations for
813:; pp. 133–135, Yale UP, 1997;
143:for the annual service of the
1:
835:Victoria & Albert museum
797:View of the State of Ireland
714:. This usage stems from the
619:placement. For example, the
456:Belgian court livery c. 1960
1133:Online Etymology Dictionary
857:. Hammond Turner & Sons
16:Uniform, insignia or symbol
1230:
722:. By extension, there are
477:
18:
742:Historical military usage
1087:Nelson, Alan H. (2003).
851:"Button gallery: livery"
811:Dress in the Middle Ages
795:Spenser, Edmund (1596).
631:, which has a deal with
468:Dutch court state livery
657:"jam sandwich" markings
600:is the name used for a
505:and carriages in the UK
314:on formal occasions in
21:Livery (disambiguation)
1035:The Royal Encyclopedia
975:The Royal Encyclopedia
849:Close, Lesley (2009).
589:
574:
549:
526:
506:
473:
302:
260:William, Lord Hastings
203:dispensed, handed over
148:
621:United Parcel Service
580:
570:by the French agency
555:
532:
512:
500:
478:Further information:
300:
131:
1153:Mollo, John (1972).
838:jewellery collection
268:Edward IV of England
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
902:, Routledge, 1999,
649:Battenburg markings
629:Eddie Stobart Group
145:Order of the Garter
133:Yeomen of the Guard
780:Chinnery, Victor.
640:emergency services
590:
575:
550:
527:
507:
322:At European courts
303:
149:
137:St George's Chapel
1185:, New York, 1898
1126:Harper, Douglas.
1100:978-0-85323-678-8
989:"Permanent Style"
908:978-0-415-19788-5
706:but excluding an
690:and Canada for a
659:, and reflective
572:RCP Design Global
210:bastard feudalism
126:
125:
118:
100:
1219:
1202:Late Middle Ages
1169:
1168:
1155:Military Fashion
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1051:. Archived from
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
985:
979:
978:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
945:
939:
932:
926:
916:
910:
890:
884:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
846:
840:
828:
822:
807:
801:
800:
792:
786:
785:
777:
748:military uniform
692:vehicle for hire
625:wrap advertising
474:Sue one's livery
465:
453:
418:
406:
394:
382:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1192:
1191:
1178:
1176:Further reading
1173:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1049:"Archived copy"
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
987:
986:
982:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
947:
946:
942:
938:of 3 March 1944
933:
929:
917:
913:
891:
887:
874:
870:
860:
858:
848:
847:
843:
829:
825:
808:
804:
794:
793:
789:
779:
778:
771:
766:
744:
698:or chauffeured
676:Aircraft livery
653:Sillitoe tartan
645:black and white
524:taxi cab livery
495:
482:
476:
469:
466:
457:
454:
438:
436:The Netherlands
429:
422:
419:
410:
407:
398:
395:
386:
383:
373:') and black).
363:Pages of Honour
344:
332:gold embroidery
324:
218:
159:
155:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1157:. p. 30.
1145:
1118:
1106:
1099:
1079:
1040:
1025:
1001:
980:
965:
940:
927:
911:
885:
868:
841:
823:
802:
787:
768:
767:
765:
762:
757:Garde du Corps
743:
740:
739:
738:
731:
680:
673:
666:
665:
664:
613:fleet vehicles
609:
606:City of London
598:livery company
586:Martini Racing
494:
491:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
460:
458:
455:
448:
437:
434:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
413:
411:
408:
401:
399:
396:
389:
387:
384:
377:
343:
342:United Kingdom
340:
326:Most European
323:
320:
284:Sir John Donne
282:(described in
276:Donne Triptych
272:Sir John Donne
237:livery collars
217:
214:
135:processing to
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:0-214-65349-8
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1055:on 2016-03-04
1054:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
990:
984:
981:
976:
969:
966:
954:
953:Panoramio.com
950:
944:
941:
937:
931:
928:
924:
920:
915:
912:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
889:
886:
882:
881:1-85709-171-X
878:
872:
869:
856:
852:
845:
842:
839:
836:
832:
827:
824:
820:
819:0-300-06906-5
816:
812:
806:
803:
798:
791:
788:
783:
776:
774:
770:
763:
761:
759:
758:
752:
749:
741:
736:
735:livery stable
732:
729:
725:
721:
720:livery stable
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
674:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
637:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
593:
587:
583:
579:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:rolling stock
558:
554:
547:
543:
539:
536:
531:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:New York City
511:
504:
499:
492:
490:
488:
481:
464:
459:
452:
447:
445:
443:
435:
433:
426:
417:
412:
405:
400:
393:
388:
381:
376:
374:
372:
366:
364:
360:
358:
353:
349:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:livery collar
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
232:
229:
226:
223:
215:
213:
211:
206:
204:
200:
197:
192:
190:
186:
180:
154:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1182:
1154:
1148:
1137:. Retrieved
1131:
1121:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1043:
1034:
1028:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
983:
974:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
935:
930:
922:
919:Georges Duby
914:
898:
893:
888:
871:
859:. Retrieved
854:
844:
826:
810:
805:
796:
790:
781:
756:
753:
745:
728:canoe livery
694:, such as a
591:
519:in mandated
493:Modern usage
483:
441:
439:
430:
367:
361:
352:royal cypher
345:
328:royal courts
325:
316:grand houses
304:
280:Hans Memling
275:
241:
233:
230:
227:
221:
219:
207:
202:
198:
193:
152:
150:
112:
106:January 2015
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1014:Archive.org
724:boat livery
684:term of art
582:Porsche 935
442:nassaublauw
1196:Categories
1139:2015-01-03
1059:2015-10-18
1019:2016-03-30
994:21 January
958:21 January
764:References
712:motorcoach
670:motorsport
584:in iconic
562:livery in
557:Transilien
503:state cars
201:, meaning
76:newspapers
700:limousine
538:ambulance
264:favourite
216:Etymology
1212:Uniforms
1207:Liveries
1128:"livery"
1068:cite web
861:18 March
535:Estonian
336:breeches
266:of King
252:heraldic
220:"In the
185:heraldry
65:"Livery"
936:Tribune
716:hackney
708:omnibus
696:taxicab
686:in the
679:events.
604:in the
546:Tallinn
544:van in
517:taxicab
427:Belgium
357:bespoke
348:footmen
312:footmen
274:in the
248:buttons
147:in 2006
141:Windsor
90:scholar
1183:Livery
1161:
1097:
906:
879:
817:
704:jitney
661:decals
588:livery
568:design
542:police
521:yellow
371:claret
292:Fugger
288:pewter
244:badges
199:livrée
196:French
189:emblem
153:livery
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
921:ed.,
633:Corgi
602:guild
564:Paris
308:coats
222:Black
97:JSTOR
83:books
1159:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1074:link
996:2018
960:2018
904:ISBN
877:ISBN
863:2010
815:ISBN
688:U.S.
617:logo
540:and
487:ward
262:the
69:news
710:or
533:An
278:by
52:by
1198::
1130:.
1070:}}
1066:{{
1012:.
951:.
853:.
833:,
772:^
733:A
655:,
651:,
647:,
596:A
566:,
489:.
258:.
246:,
173:ər
151:A
139:,
1167:.
1142:.
1103:.
1076:)
1062:.
1022:.
998:.
962:.
865:.
821:.
799:.
784:.
730:.
663:.
179:/
176:i
170:v
167:ɪ
164:l
161:ˈ
158:/
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.