747:, false-bedded sandstones and mans, the sandstones being extensively quarried for building purposes. In the sandstones of Corncockle Moor reptilian footprints have been obtained. In the Thornhill basin there is a thin zone of volcanic rocks at the base of this series which are evidently on-the horizon of the lavas beneath the Mauchline sandstones in Ayrshire. In the Sanquhar basin there are small outliers of lavas probably of this age and several vents filled with agglomerate from which these igneous materials in the Thornhill basin may have been derived. There are several striking examples of basalt dikes of Tertiary age, one having been traced from the Lead Hills south-east by Moffat, across
1356:
628:, northeast of Kirkconnel, is an excellent example. Along the northwest margin of the county, on the north side of the fault bounding the Silurian tableland, the Lower Old Red Sandstone occurs, where it consists of sandstones and conglomerates associated with contemporaneous volcanic rocks. The Upper Old Red Sandstone forms a narrow strip on the south side of the Silurian tableland, resting uncomfortably on the Silurian rocks and passing upwards into the Carboniferous formation. It stretches from the county boundary east of the Ewes Water, southwest by
1348:
976:
1008:
1661:
412:, 1,754 ft or 535 m) the Esk flows in a gradually south-easterly direction until it crosses the Border, whence it sweeps to the southwest through the extreme north-western territory of Cumberland and falls into the Solway. Of its total course of 42 miles (68 km), 12 miles (19 km) belong to the White Esk, 20 miles (32 km) are of the Esk proper on Scottish soil and 10 miles (16 km) are of the stream in its English course. On the right the
1514:
960:
221:
42:
723:
shale associated with the tuffs has yielded a large number of new species of fishes, decapod crustaceans, phyllopods and scorpions. The
Triassic rocks rest uncomfortably on all older formations within the county. In the tract along the Solway Firth they repose on the folded and eroded edges of the Carboniferous strata, and when traced westwards to the Dumfries basin they rest directly on the Silurian platform. They occur in five areas:
1000:
992:
968:
800:
362:
1981:
620:. These consist of greywackes, flags and shales with bands of dark graptolite shales, the finer sediments being often well ground. They are likewise repeated by inverted folds, the axial planes being usually inclined to the southeast. The Silurian tableland in the northwest of the county is pierced by intrusive igneous rocks in the form of dikes and bosses, which are regarded as of Lower
636:. Along this line these Upper Red sandstones and shales are overlaid by a thin zone of volcanic rocks which point to contemporaneous volcanic action in this region at the beginning of the Carboniferous period. Some of the vents from which these igneous materials may have been discharged are found along the watershed between Liddesdale and Teviotdale in Roxburghshire.
984:
722:
The coal seams of the
Rowanburn field have been chiefly wrought, and in view of their exhaustion bores have been sunk to prove the coals beneath the red sandstone of upper Carboniferous age. From a palaeontological point of view the Glencartholm volcanic zone is of special interest, as the calcareous
661:
In the first two instances (Sanquhar and
Thornhill) the Carboniferous sediments lie in hollows worn out of the old Silurian tableland. In the Sanquhar basin the strata belong to the Coal Measures, and include several valuable coal-seams which are probably the southern prolongations of the members of
599:
cherts, black shales, grits, conglomerates, greywackes and shales which rise from underneath the central
Tarannon belt and are repeated by innumerable folds, in the cores of the arches of Arenig cherts there are diabase lavas, tuffs and agglomerates which are typically represented on Bail Hill east
1493:
were always at strife. There is record of a bloody fight in
Dryfesdale in 1593, when the Johnstones slew 700 Maxwells, and, overtaking the fugitives at Lockerbie, there massacred most of the remnant. These factions embroiled the dalesmen until the 18th century. The highlands of the shire afforded
759:
The climate is mild, with a mean annual temperature of around 9 °C (48 °F) (January, 3.6 °C (38.5 °F); July, 15.3 °C (59.5 °F)), and the average annual rainfall is 53 in. Towards the middle of the 18th century farmers began to raise stock for the south, and a hundred
1413:
After the withdrawal of Roman power from
Britain, the situation in Dumfries is not clear. The Selgovae were pressured by the power of Strathclyde, by Scots from Ireland, and the Angles from Northumberland. There is little writing preserved from this time, and that which did is ecclesiastical in
662:
this division in
Ayrshire. At the S.E. limit of the Sanquhar Coalfield there are patches of the Carboniferous Limestone series, but towards the N. these are overlapped by the Coal Measures which thus rest directly on the Silurian platform. At Closeburn and
564:
of Arenig, Llandeilo, Caradoc and
Llandovery age composed of fine sediments such as cherts, black and grey shales, white clays and flags, which come to the surface along anticlinal folds and yield abundant graptolites characteristic of these divisions.
1647:
of the county of
Dumfriesshire was made lord-lieutenant for the combined area of the Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale districts when the reforms came into effect in 1975. The districts were abolished in 1996, with their functions passing to
594:
In the extreme northwest of the county between
Drumlanrig Castle and Dalveen Pass in the south and the Spango and Kello Waters on the north, there is a broad development of Arenig, Liandeilo and Caradoc strata, represented by
560:, flags and shales, these beds are repeated by innumerable folds frequently inverted, striking northeast and southwest and usually dipping towards the northwest. In the midst of this belt there are lenticular bands of older
493:
so named in the shire, but the passes of Dalveen, Enterkin and Menock, leading up from Nithsdale to the Lowther and other hills, yield to few glens in Scotland in the wild grandeur of their scenery. For part of the way
940:
in Cumberland, giving access to Carlisle. The last passenger train ran on the Langholm branch on 26 March 1967, the last freight service on 17 September in the same year, and the track was lifted shortly thereafter.
669:
The most important development of Carboniferous strata occurs between Liddesdale and Ruthwell. In the valleys of the Liddel and the Esk the following zones are represented, which are given in ascending order:
791:; breweries and distilleries are found at Annan, Sanquhar and elsewhere; some shipping is carried on at Annan and Dumfries; and the salmon fisheries of the Nith and Annan and the Solway Firth are of value.
326:
in Ayrshire, the course of the Nith is mainly south-easterly until it enters the Solway, a few miles below Dumfries. Its total length is 65 mi., and its chief affluents are, on the right, the
780:
or other long-woolled rams. Pig-feeding, once important, has declined before the imports of bacon from foreign countries. Horse breeding is pursued on a considerable scale. Grain crops, of which
2370:. Vol. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society (Third series volume LXXX ed.). Council of the Society. pp. 59–80. Archived from
2755:
1551:
Folk history suggests that at Holywood, near Dumfries, there stand the relic of the grove of sacred oaks from which the place derived its name, and a stone circle known locally as the
1433:. The Saxon conquest of Dumfriesshire does not seem to have been thorough in the West, the people of Nithsdale and elsewhere maintaining some Celtic institutions up to the time of
2297:
2270:
1562:, in which a bomb exploded on an aircraft flying over the town of Lockerbie, killing a total of 270 people. It remains the worst single terrorist attack in British history.
1414:
nature. Archaeology, although rich on the ground, has rarely been investigated, and place names, used as an indication of influence, are still argued over by academics.
1536:
was born at Ecclefechan, in a house still standing, and was buried beside his parents in the kirkyard of the old Secession church (now the United Free). His farm of
2459:
548:
By far the largest area is occupied by strata of Tarannon and Llandovery age which cover a belt of country from 20 to 25 mi (32 to 40 km) across from
784:
are the principal, show a downward tendency. Arable farms range from 100–300 acres (0.40–1.21 km), and pastoral from 300–3,000 acres (1.2–12.1 km).
2490:
2001:
1587:
459:(12 mi or 19 km), all flowing into the Solway. For 1 mile (1.6 km) of its course the Esk, and for 7 mi (11 km) of its course the
870:
666:
there are beds of marine limestone, associated with sandstones and shales which probably represent marine bands in the Carboniferous Limestone series.
2701:
1996:
787:
In general the industries are only of local importance and mostly confined to Dumfries and a few of the larger towns. Langholm is famous for its
2750:
2236:
2205:
2174:
1617:
1596:
were created in 1667 for each shire, and formed the main administrative body for the area until county councils were created in 1890 under the
2024:
373:, a remarkable chasm in the far north, and after flowing about 40 miles (64 km), mainly in a southerly course, it enters the Solway at
2362:
1621:
1597:
2117:
Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889
502:, the water of which at a short distance from the lake leaps from a height of 200 ft (61 m) in a fine waterfall, known as the
2301:
2267:
1121:
583:
2061:
1835:
1652:. The Dumfries lieutenancy area continues to cover the combined area of the pre-1996 Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale districts.
808:
1749:
and Ae. The Sustrans Route 7 long-distance cycle route also runs through the Dumfriesshire. There is excellent hill walking in the
1600:. The 1889 act also led to a review of boundaries of many of Scotland's counties; in the case of Dumfriesshire the two parishes of
503:
2088:
1575:
1574:
are obscure. There was certainly a shire of Dumfries by 1305, with some suggestion that it had existed from the twelfth century.
1301:
1141:
1076:
651:
511:
498:
runs between mountains rising sheer from the burn to a height of nearly 2,000 ft (610 m) Loch Skene finds an outlet in
315:
183:
2483:
1171:
1579:
1306:
608:
and Ludlow rocks follow in normal order, the boundary between the two being defined by a line extending from the head of the
319:
772:
breeding, of later origin, has attained to remarkable dimensions, the walks in the higher hilly country being given over to
2745:
2139:
1649:
1640:
1410:
at Birrens is one of the best-preserved examples of a Roman camp. Roman altars, urns, and coins are found in many places.
1363:
1355:
1091:
1081:
137:
2456:
1813:
1857:
1746:
1679:
1582:
retained a degree of independence from the sheriff of Dumfries, leaving the sheriff's practical control focussed on the
1552:
1016:
820:
1825:
1445:
1347:
1181:
692:
351:
41:
1071:
1046:
228:
The coastline measures 21 miles (34 km). The county slopes very gradually from the mountainous districts of the
1161:
2476:
1613:
1359:
836:
1672:
The population in 1891 was 74,245, and in 1901, 72,371, when there were 176 persons who spoke Gaelic and English.
1875:
1863:
1831:
1386:(Closeburn), and sculptured stones (Dornock). A number of bank barrows and cursus have recently been discovered.
1281:
777:
209:
2514:
1529:
913:
847:
816:
303:
117:
1469:
As a Border county Dumfriesshire was the scene of stirring deeds at various epochs, especially in the days of
1498:, who, at Sanquhar, published in 1680 their declaration against the king, anticipating the principles of the
2640:
1791:
1541:
776:, and the richer pasture of the low-lying farms being reserved for half-bred lambs, a cross of Cheviots and
568:
These black shale bands are typically developed in Moffatdale; indeed the three typical sections chosen by
2740:
1593:
343:
858:
a small branch to Moffat, now closed. At Lockerbie a cross-country line to Dumfries (now closed), and at
1841:
1625:
1545:
1503:
929:
901:
472:
206:
195:
1796:
1665:
1206:
937:
1800:
1616:
in English Street. In May 1975 the county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to
975:
198:
in medieval times but were gradually superseded as administrative areas by the area controlled by the
2499:
2115:
1470:
1261:
537:
of the south of Scotland which contains representatives of all the divisions of that system from the
464:
253:
125:
1007:
685:
409:
2351:
1766:
1754:
1716:
1499:
1478:
1474:
1434:
1201:
819:
runs through Nithsdale to Dumfries, practically following the course of the River Nith, then on to
394:
370:
347:
257:
129:
1660:
625:
519:
386:
355:
339:
331:
2600:
2231:
2200:
2169:
1633:
1571:
1486:
843:
764:, which were the breed in vogue at first, have been to a large extent replaced by shorthorns and
633:
327:
284:
249:
245:
182:
Dumfriesshire has three traditional subdivisions, based on the three main valleys in the county:
144:
32:
2371:
2285:
1513:
959:
323:
2468:
1211:
499:
220:
2651:
2143:
2020:
1785:
1605:
1586:
area until 1747 when the separate jurisdictions of Annandale and Eskdale were ended under the
1559:
1362:, the former headquarters of Dumfriesshire County Council, and since 1975 the headquarters of
1051:
917:
863:
761:
678:
621:
587:
549:
374:
199:
187:
663:
322:. From the point where it enters Dumfriesshire, 16 mi (26 km) from its source near
2554:
1986:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1819:
1726:
1146:
824:
569:
534:
233:
229:
202:
of Dumfries, or Dumfriesshire. A Dumfriesshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975.
2615:
2590:
2585:
2519:
2463:
2274:
1721:
1644:
1266:
1176:
765:
476:
463:, form the boundaries between Dumfriesshire and Cumberland. Between the Esk and Sark lies
2065:
944:
There is also an extensive local bus and coach network throughout the county, centred on
718:(9) Red Sandstones of Canonbie yielding plants characteristic of the Upper Coal Measures.
582:(3) Birkhill shales (Lower Llandovery) occur respectively in the Glenkill Burn north of
2570:
2544:
1869:
1847:
1807:
1537:
1533:
1517:
1482:
1426:
1422:
1021:
878:
874:
706:
413:
1757:
coast to coast walk passes through Dumfriesshire and the 53 mi (85 km) long
1612:
were brought entirely within Dumfriesshire. Dumfriesshire County Council was based at
1370:
Archaeological remains from the neolithic and Bronze Age include stone circles (as in
999:
991:
967:
799:
727:(1) between Annan and the mouth of the Esk (the Scottish portion of the Solway Basin),
2734:
2672:
2657:
2595:
2559:
1992:
1987:
1903:
1893:
1758:
905:
890:
788:
773:
760:
years later 20,000 head of heavy cattle were sent yearly to the English markets. The
605:
507:
495:
437:
280:
237:
164:
1532:
on the Nith for three years, and spent the last five years of his life in Dumfries.
2687:
2682:
2662:
2630:
2575:
2539:
1902:
Church of Scotland missionary in Hungary, murdered by Nazis for aiding Jews during
1899:
1762:
1750:
1624:. Two lower-tier district councils were created from parts of Dumfriesshire, being
1525:
1407:
1403:
1226:
1216:
1151:
1066:
1056:
859:
542:
485:
in the north (1,750 feet (530 m) above the sea) and the group of lochs around
452:
448:
436:— the last being an English tributary, and the previous forming the border between
429:
425:
417:
378:
361:
241:
168:
160:
156:
92:
232:
in the north, down to the sea; lofty hills alternating in parts with stretches of
1389:
The British tribe which inhabited this part of Scotland was called by the Romans
2605:
2226:
2195:
1881:
1851:
1609:
1430:
1375:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1156:
1136:
1131:
1086:
886:
748:
596:
553:
390:
382:
335:
299:
288:
276:
272:
264:
152:
59:
2677:
2645:
2635:
2620:
2610:
2534:
1742:
1507:
1495:
1396:
1336:
1191:
1101:
609:
601:
522:, some 3 miles (4.8 km) farther north, Closeburn and Brow on the Solway.
482:
460:
456:
441:
433:
421:
295:
263:
The principal mountains occur near the northern boundaries, the highest being
176:
2716:
2703:
1395:. They have left many signs of their presence, such as hill forts and camps (
2549:
2256:
2164:
1770:
1697:
1629:
1583:
1331:
1286:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1196:
1186:
1126:
1116:
925:
921:
909:
882:
699:
613:
557:
486:
405:
401:
311:
268:
191:
2667:
2529:
2503:
1691:
1685:
1418:
1391:
1371:
1296:
1291:
1256:
1221:
1111:
1106:
1061:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
945:
933:
855:
832:
828:
644:
629:
617:
531:
148:
133:
64:
52:
2005:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 663.
1738:
1438:
1379:
1276:
1271:
1241:
1096:
894:
851:
812:
744:
561:
172:
916:
was closed in the 1960s. There are vague plans to reopen this line to
506:. A much smaller but picturesque fall of the same name, also known as
2625:
2524:
1703:
1601:
1441:
1321:
1251:
1166:
538:
515:
307:
1666:
https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee01wils#page/n542/mode/1up
983:
556:
in the south. Consisting of massive grits, sometimes conglomeratic,
205:
Since 1975, the area of the historic county has formed part of the
1885:
1659:
1512:
1449:
1383:
1354:
1346:
1006:
998:
990:
982:
974:
966:
958:
798:
769:
360:
219:
1632:
covering the west of the county and a small part of neighbouring
2580:
1490:
1406:
into Clydesdale and up the Annan to Tweeddale, and the ruins of
490:
468:
260:
in the east, all once under water, but since largely reclaimed.
2472:
869:
From Dumfries westwards there were rail communications on the '
2333:
1889:
781:
530:
The greater portion of the county of Dumfries belongs to the
1688:(pop. in 1901, 14,440, pop. in 1951 26,322, in 2001 37,846),
1506:’s ambition left the shire comparatively untouched, for the
1399:). The country around Moffat especially is rich in remains.
2322:
2062:"Clipper Maid of the Seas: Remembering those on flight 103"
1888:) portrayed, among many other roles, Private Frazer in the
639:
The strata of Carboniferous age are found in three areas:
1700:(pop. in 1901, 2,358, pop. in 1951 2,621, in 2001 4,009),
1694:(pop. in 1901, 3,142, pop. in 1951 2,404, in 2001 2,311),
1481:, and the factions of Bruce (who was lord of Annandale),
1682:(pop. in 1901, 4,309 pop. in 1951 4,631, in 2001 8,389),
1524:
Dumfriesshire is inseparably connected with the name of
2361:
Wegner, Timo (2006). James Williams; R. McEwen (eds.).
2036:
1448:
were probably originally attached to a portable wooden
1437:, although this is not certain. Around 50 fragments of
416:
is the chief affluent, and on the left it receives the
1608:
which had previously both straddled Dumfriesshire and
1421:(pron. Rivvel: the rood, or cross, well) is preserved
604:. Along the southern margin of the Tarannon belt, the
657:(3) in the district between Liddesdale and Ruthwell.
310:
by which the county is cloven from north to south —
2353:
Fragments of gilt bronze mounts, From Dumfriesshire
377:Headlands and bays. It receives, on the right, the
91:
83:
75:
70:
58:
48:
23:
1402:There are traces of the Roman roads which ran by
475:, cutting through the area formerly known as the
1828:, physician, reformer, writer, and civil servant
1788:, US Representative and US Senator from Kentucky
1664:Dumfriesshire Civil Parish map. Published 1854.
951:There are no commercial airports in the county.
2286:Website with walking routes in the Moffat hills
240:. At various points within a few miles of the
167:to the east. To the south is the coast of the
140:covers a similar area to the historic county.
2484:
2257:Website for the 7Stanes Mountain Bike Trails.
1444:mounts found in Dumfriesshire and now at the
862:a line that ultimately crossed the Solway to
823:and lower Annandale to the English border at
8:
2227:"The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996"
2144:"English Street, County Buildings (LB26174)"
1741:mountain biking centres in Dumfriesshire at
1570:The origins of Dumfriesshire as a county or
1510:sentiment made little appeal to the people.
920:as a continuation of the new rail link from
1781:Notable people from Dumfriesshire include:
1588:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746
854:runs through Annandale, which threw off at
736:(4) the Lochmaben basin (Middle Annandale),
733:(3) the Thornhill basin (Middle Nithsdale),
2756:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
2491:
2477:
2469:
1769:. There is also sailing on Castle Loch at
1706:(pop. in 1901, 2,530, pop. in 1951 2,114).
1558:In 1988 Dumfriesshire was the site of the
576:(1) the Glenkill shales (Upper Llandeilo),
20:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
730:(2) the Dumfries basin (Lower Nithsdale),
489:, are the principal lakes. There are few
143:In terms of historic counties it borders
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
90:
69:
57:
47:
38:
2165:"Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973"
2048:
1618:Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council
572:to illustrate his three great groups:
2364:The Dumfriesshire Mounts reconsidered
2298:"Website for the Southern Upland Way"
586:, on Hartfell and in Dobbs Linn near
306:, the basins of which form the great
82:
79:1,063 sq mi (2,753 km)
74:
7:
2064:. panamair.org. 2007. Archived from
1628:covering the east of the county and
1622:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
1598:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889
803:Annan railway station, built in 1848
2444:Drumlanrig Castle and the Douglases
2019:. Stroud : The History Press.
1850:, first British political agent to
1737:There are three of the world class
624:age. Of these, the granite mass of
455:(17 mi or 27 km) and the
2120:. Edinburgh: W. Green. p. 337
1489:were at constant feud. The Border
936:(via Canonbie and Gilnockie) from
579:(2) the Hartfell shales (Caradoc),
404:(rising near Ettrick Pen) and the
287:(2,285 ft or 696 m) and
14:
2196:"The Lord-Lieutenants Order 1975"
2089:"Of its establishment as a Shire"
809:Glasgow and South Western Railway
294:The three longest rivers are the
2500:Former local government counties
2399:History of the Burgh of Dumfries
2334:Annandale Sailing Club's website
1979:
590:in the basin of the river Annan.
451:(18 mi or 29 km), the
365:The Devil's Beef Tub near Moffat
40:
1765:into the Moffat hills near the
928:opened in 2015. Until 1967 the
291:(2,269 ft or 692 m).
283:(2,377 ft or 725 m),
279:(2,389 ft or 728 m),
275:(2,412 ft or 735 m),
271:(2,651 ft or 808 m),
267:(2,695 ft or 821 m),
212:for local government purposes.
514:. Mineral waters are found at
510:, occurs on the Crichope near
244:are tracts of moss land, like
1:
2751:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland
2411:J. Macdonald and J. Barbour,
2408:(Edinburgh and London, 1897);
2350:National Museum of Scotland.
2140:Historic Environment Scotland
2015:Wickham-Jones, C. R. (2009),
1656:Historical population figures
1650:Dumfries and Galloway Council
1548:in classics and mathematics.
1454:
1364:Dumfries and Galloway Council
194:. These had been independent
1858:Patrick Miller of Dalswinton
1429:characters the story of the
1423:an ancient Anglo-Saxon cross
2413:Birrens and its Antiquities
2356:. National Museum Scotland.
2268:Route 7 on Sustrans website
2037:National Museum of Scotland
839:, but this closed in 1949.
693:Glencartholm Volcanic Group
400:From the confluence of the
385:), and — on the left — the
18:Historic county in Scotland
2772:
2437:Annandale under the Bruces
1668:Boundaries outlined in red
1494:retreat to the persecuted
837:Cairn Valley Light Railway
827:. A branch was built from
346:, and — on the left — the
2510:
2087:Chalmers, George (1824).
2017:The Landscape of Scotland
1844:, inventor of the bicycle
712:(7) Rowanburn coal group,
612:in Eskdale, southwest by
369:The Annan rises near the
39:
30:
2095:. London. pp. 68–70
1878:, geologist and explorer
1417:In the parish church of
715:(8) Byreburn coal group,
674:(1) The Whita Sandstone,
2420:The Book of Carlaverock
2002:Encyclopædia Britannica
1860:, engineer and inventor
1594:Commissioners of Supply
897:all closed and lifted.
751:to the English border.
1792:John Graham (botanist)
1669:
1566:Administrative history
1544:in order to found the
1521:
1367:
1352:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
964:
866:which is also closed.
804:
755:Climate and industries
743:The strata consist of
702:group with Coal-seams,
366:
225:
121:
2406:Dumfries and Galloway
2404:Sir Herbert Maxwell,
2323:Annandale Way website
2273:10 March 2013 at the
2237:The National Archives
2206:The National Archives
2175:The National Archives
2114:Shennan, Hay (1892).
1842:Kirkpatrick Macmillan
1663:
1626:Annandale and Eskdale
1516:
1504:Prince Charles Edward
1358:
1350:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
978:
970:
962:
932:sent a short line to
930:North British Railway
902:North British Railway
802:
473:Anglo-Scottish border
447:Other rivers are the
364:
223:
207:Dumfries and Galloway
2746:Counties of Scotland
2418:Sir William Fraser,
1675:Of the chief towns:
1546:John Welsh bursaries
1542:Edinburgh University
1518:Craigenputtock House
739:(5) Upper Annandale.
344:River Cargen, Cargen
122:Siorrachd Dhùn Phris
2713: /
2462:11 May 2006 at the
2422:(Edinburgh, 1873);
1826:Sir Andrew Halliday
1755:Southern Upland Way
1717:Caerlaverock Castle
1643:purposes, the last
1500:glorious Revolution
1479:Caerlaverock Castle
1202:Kirkpatrick-Fleming
889:, with branches to
381:(reinforced by the
151:to the north-west,
130:registration county
2601:Kirkcudbrightshire
2432:(Edinburgh, 1894);
2430:The Annandale Book
2426:(Edinburgh, 1885);
2401:(Edinburgh, 1887);
2232:legislation.gov.uk
2201:legislation.gov.uk
2170:legislation.gov.uk
1733:Outdoor activities
1711:Places of interest
1670:
1634:Kirkcudbrightshire
1522:
1502:by several years.
1368:
1353:
1351:The Ruthwell Cross
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
973:
965:
844:Caledonian Railway
805:
367:
226:
163:to the north, and
145:Kirkcudbrightshire
110:County of Dumfries
76: • Total
2696:
2695:
2652:Ross and Cromarty
2446:(Dumfries, 1876).
2415:(Dumfries, 1897);
2343:Secondary sources
2051:, pp. 59–80.
2025:978-0-7524-1484-3
1786:James Burnie Beck
1761:travels from the
1606:Kirkpatrick-Juxta
1560:Lockerbie bombing
1207:Kirkpatrick Juxta
938:Riddings Junction
679:Cementstone group
622:Old Red Sandstone
550:Drumlanrig Castle
256:in the west, and
224:The Lowther Hills
114:Shire of Dumfries
103:
102:
2763:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2717:55.167°N 3.500°W
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2555:Clackmannanshire
2493:
2486:
2479:
2470:
2424:The Douglas Book
2386:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2357:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:on 29 April 2012
2300:. Archived from
2294:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2068:on 26 March 2008
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2027:. pp. 157 - 158.
2013:
2007:
2006:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1864:William Paterson
1836:Jardine Matheson
1820:Andy Goldsworthy
1804:
1767:Devil's Beef Tub
1727:Sweetheart Abbey
1614:County Buildings
1528:, who farmed at
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1360:County Buildings
570:Charles Lapworth
552:in the north to
504:Grey Mare's Tail
371:Devil's Beef Tub
236:or rich fertile
230:Southern Uplands
138:lieutenancy area
87:Ranked 8th of 34
44:
21:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2591:Kincardineshire
2586:Inverness-shire
2506:
2497:
2464:Wayback Machine
2453:
2394:
2392:Further reading
2389:
2380:
2378:
2377:on 4 March 2016
2374:
2367:
2360:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2275:Wayback Machine
2266:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2014:
2010:
1995:, ed. (1911). "
1991:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1922:
1917:
1915:Primary sources
1912:
1832:William Jardine
1794:
1779:
1735:
1722:Dumfries Museum
1713:
1658:
1645:lord-lieutenant
1568:
1553:Twelve Apostles
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:national museum
1425:which tells in
1345:
1267:Newton Wamphray
1177:Johnstonebridge
957:
797:
757:
654:near Thornhill,
647:and Kirkconnel,
528:
477:Debatable Lands
471:that forms the
254:Longbridge Moor
218:
136:. The Dumfries
126:historic county
118:Scottish Gaelic
99:
35:
33:Historic county
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2722:55.167; -3.500
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Dunbartonshire
2568:
2563:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2452:
2451:External links
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:C. T. Ramage,
2440:
2439:(Annan, 1887);
2433:
2427:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2358:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2326:
2315:
2289:
2278:
2260:
2249:
2218:
2187:
2156:
2131:
2106:
2079:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2008:
1993:Chisholm, Hugh
1919:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1879:
1876:Joseph Thomson
1873:
1870:Thomas Telford
1867:
1861:
1855:
1848:James MacMurdo
1845:
1839:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1808:Thomas Carlyle
1805:
1789:
1778:
1775:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1657:
1654:
1567:
1564:
1538:Craigenputtock
1534:Thomas Carlyle
1530:Ellisland Farm
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Applegarthtown
1019:
956:
953:
879:Newton Stewart
875:Castle Douglas
807:As built, the
796:
795:Communications
793:
768:dairy cattle.
756:
753:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
720:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:Millstone Grit
703:
696:
689:
686:Fell Sandstone
682:
675:
659:
658:
655:
648:
592:
591:
588:St Mary's Loch
580:
577:
527:
524:
414:Wauchope Water
410:Jocks Shoulder
217:
214:
101:
100:
97:
95:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2768:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Dumfriesshire
2739:
2738:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Stirlingshire
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Roxburghshire
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Kinross-shire
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Dumfriesshire
2564:
2561:
2560:Cromartyshire
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Aberdeenshire
2513:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:W. M'Dowall,
2396:
2395:
2391:
2373:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2239:, SI 1996/731
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2208:, SI 1975/428
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2107:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1997:Dumfriesshire
1994:
1989:
1988:public domain
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1904:the Holocaust
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:Annandale Way
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
969:
961:
954:
952:
949:
947:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
891:Kirkcudbright
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
801:
794:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
754:
752:
750:
746:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
724:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
672:
671:
667:
665:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
641:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
589:
585:
581:
578:
575:
574:
573:
571:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
533:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Crichope Linn
505:
501:
497:
496:Enterkin Pass
492:
488:
484:
480:
478:
474:
470:
467:, a man-made
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:Roxburghshire
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:(rising near
407:
403:
398:
396:
395:Water of Milk
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:River Crawick
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:Lowther Hills
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
258:Nutberry Moss
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
222:
215:
213:
211:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Roxburghshire
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:to the west,
146:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:Dumfriesshire
96:
94:
86:
78:
66:
63:
61:
54:
51:
43:
34:
29:
25:Dumfriesshire
22:
16:
2698:
2688:Wigtownshire
2683:West Lothian
2663:Selkirkshire
2641:Renfrewshire
2631:Peeblesshire
2576:East Lothian
2565:
2540:Berwickshire
2457:Dalveen Pass
2443:
2436:
2435:G. Neilson,
2429:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2379:. Retrieved
2372:the original
2363:
2352:
2329:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2302:the original
2292:
2281:
2263:
2252:
2241:, retrieved
2230:
2221:
2210:, retrieved
2199:
2190:
2179:, retrieved
2177:, 1973 c. 65
2168:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2116:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2092:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2056:
2044:
2032:
2016:
2011:
2000:
1900:Jane Haining
1814:Henry Duncan
1780:
1763:Solway Firth
1751:Moffat Hills
1736:
1674:
1671:
1638:
1592:
1569:
1557:
1550:
1540:was left to
1526:Robert Burns
1523:
1471:Robert Bruce
1468:
1416:
1412:
1408:Blatobulgium
1404:Dalveen Pass
1401:
1390:
1388:
1369:
1227:Locharbriggs
1217:Kirtlebridge
1152:Gretna Green
1067:Carronbridge
1057:Caerlaverock
950:
943:
899:
868:
860:Kirtlebridge
841:
806:
786:
758:
742:
721:
668:
660:
643:(1) between
638:
626:Spango Water
593:
567:
547:
543:Ludlow rocks
529:
520:Hartfell Spa
481:
453:Kirtle Water
449:Lochar Water
446:
430:Liddel Water
426:Tarras Water
418:Meggat Water
399:
387:Moffat Water
379:Kinnel Water
368:
356:River Campie
352:Carron Water
340:Cluden Water
332:Euchan Water
293:
262:
227:
210:council area
204:
181:
169:Solway Firth
161:Selkirkshire
157:Peeblesshire
142:
132:in southern
113:
109:
105:
104:
93:Chapman code
15:
2720: /
2654:(from 1889)
2606:Lanarkshire
2308:23 February
2243:25 November
2212:27 November
2181:22 November
2049:Wegner 2006
1882:John Laurie
1852:Cutch State
1816:, clergyman
1795: [
1641:lieutenancy
1610:Lanarkshire
1496:Covenanters
1487:John Baliol
1431:Crucifixion
1376:Eskdalemuir
1327:Wanlockhead
1317:Tundergarth
1312:Torthorwald
1157:Half Morton
1137:Eskdalemuir
1132:Ecclefechan
1122:Eaglesfield
1087:Cummertrees
1011:Wanlockhead
955:Settlements
887:Portpatrick
749:Eskdalemuir
698:(5) Marine
634:Birrenswark
597:Radiolarian
584:Kirkmichael
554:Torthorwald
465:Scots' Dyke
391:Dryfe Water
383:Water of Ae
336:Scaur Water
328:Kello Water
300:River Annan
289:Ettrick Pen
277:Swatte Fell
273:Saddle Yoke
265:White Coomb
250:Lochar Moss
246:Craigs Moss
153:Lanarkshire
60:County town
2735:Categories
2678:Sutherland
2646:Ross-shire
2636:Perthshire
2621:Nairnshire
2611:Midlothian
2535:Banffshire
2124:6 December
2099:6 December
1910:References
1894:Dad's Army
1872:, engineer
1822:, sculptor
1810:, essayist
1743:Dalbeattie
1620:under the
1483:John Comyn
1462: 800
1460: – c.
1458: 750
1397:Dryfesdale
1337:Westerkirk
1192:Kirkconnel
1102:Dryfesdale
908:route, to
778:Leicesters
610:Ewes Water
602:Kirkconnel
558:greywackes
483:Loch Skeen
461:River Sark
457:River Sark
442:Cumberland
434:River Lyne
422:Ewes Water
324:Enoch Hill
296:River Nith
285:Queensbury
177:Cumberland
175:county of
171:, and the
2648:(to 1889)
2562:(to 1889)
2550:Caithness
2381:5 January
2093:Caledonia
1771:Lochmaben
1698:Lockerbie
1630:Nithsdale
1584:Nithsdale
1576:Annandale
1477:besieged
1332:Waterbeck
1302:Thornhill
1287:Rowanburn
1247:Middlebie
1237:Lockerbie
1232:Lochmaben
1212:Kirkstyle
1197:Kirkmahoe
1187:Kelloholm
1142:Glencairn
1127:Eastriggs
1117:Durisdeer
1077:Closeburn
995:Lochmaben
926:Tweedbank
922:Edinburgh
910:Edinburgh
883:Stranraer
871:Port Road
762:Galloways
700:limestone
652:Closeburn
614:Lockerbie
535:tableland
512:Thornhill
500:Tail Burn
487:Lochmaben
406:Black Esk
402:White Esk
316:Annandale
312:Nithsdale
304:River Esk
269:Hart Fell
234:tableland
216:Geography
196:provinces
192:Nithsdale
184:Annandale
2668:Shetland
2530:Ayrshire
2504:Scotland
2460:Archived
2271:Archived
1866:, banker
1854:in India
1692:Langholm
1686:Dumfries
1508:Jacobite
1475:Edward I
1419:Ruthwell
1392:Selgovae
1372:Dunscore
1297:Sanquhar
1292:Ruthwell
1257:Mouswald
1222:Langholm
1172:Holywood
1112:Dunscore
1107:Dumfries
1072:Claygate
1062:Canonbie
1052:Burnhead
1047:Burnfoot
1042:Boreland
1037:Bentpath
1032:Beattock
1027:Arkleton
987:Langholm
979:Dunscore
971:Dumfries
946:Dumfries
934:Langholm
918:Carlisle
914:Carlisle
906:Waverley
856:Beattock
848:Carlisle
833:Moniaive
829:Dumfries
817:Carlisle
774:Cheviots
766:Ayrshire
691:(4) the
684:(3) the
677:(2) the
645:Sanquhar
630:Langholm
618:Mouswald
532:Silurian
393:and the
375:Barnkirk
302:and the
149:Ayrshire
134:Scotland
65:Dumfries
53:Scotland
2705:55°10′N
2149:18 July
1990::
1892:sitcom
1838:founder
1739:7Stanes
1580:Eskdale
1435:David I
1343:History
1307:Tinwald
1277:Powfoot
1272:Penpont
1242:Mennock
1162:Harelaw
1097:Dornock
895:Wigtown
864:Bowness
852:Glasgow
813:Glasgow
745:breccia
664:Barjarg
650:(2) at
606:Wenlock
541:to the
526:Geology
320:Eskdale
200:sheriff
188:Eskdale
173:English
124:) is a
108:or the
49:Country
2708:3°30′W
2626:Orkney
2525:Argyll
2072:8 June
2023:
1984:
1777:People
1753:. The
1704:Moffat
1602:Moffat
1442:bronze
1384:cairns
1380:tumuli
1322:Tynron
1262:Newbie
1252:Moffat
1167:Hoddom
1147:Gretna
1092:Dalton
1082:Collin
1003:Moffat
835:, the
825:Gretna
789:tweeds
562:strata
539:Arenig
516:Moffat
389:, the
298:, the
242:Solway
84:
2616:Moray
2520:Angus
2375:(PDF)
2368:(PDF)
1886:Actor
1803:]
1747:Mabie
1680:Annan
1572:shire
1491:clans
1450:cross
1427:Runic
1017:Annan
963:Annan
912:from
873:' to
846:from
821:Annan
811:from
770:Sheep
491:glens
308:dales
238:holms
2581:Fife
2545:Bute
2383:2017
2310:2012
2245:2022
2214:2022
2183:2022
2151:2021
2126:2022
2101:2022
2074:2008
2021:ISBN
1639:For
1604:and
1578:and
1520:1829
1485:and
1439:gilt
1382:and
1374:and
1282:Rigg
1182:Keir
900:The
893:and
885:and
842:The
782:oats
705:(6)
469:berm
440:and
432:and
354:and
342:and
318:and
252:and
190:and
159:and
128:and
71:Area
2502:of
1999:".
1890:BBC
1378:),
924:to
904:'s
850:to
831:to
815:to
632:to
616:to
600:of
112:or
98:DFS
2737::
2235:,
2229:,
2204:,
2198:,
2173:,
2167:,
2142:.
2091:.
1923:^
1834:,
1801:es
1799:;
1797:de
1773:.
1745:,
1636:.
1590:.
1555:.
1473:.
1466:.
1464:AD
1455:c.
1452:,
948:.
881:,
877:,
545:.
518:,
479:.
444:.
428:,
424:,
420:,
397:.
358:.
350:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
314:,
248:,
186:,
179:.
155:,
120::
2492:e
2485:t
2478:v
2385:.
2312:.
2153:.
2128:.
2103:.
2076:.
2039:.
1896:.
1884:(
1366:.
709:,
695:,
688:,
681:,
116:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
