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Sostratos must try to speak to the girl's father himself. Gorgias stops
Sostratos and asks if he may give him some advice: he warns him to stay away and not think he can get away with bad behaviour just because of his wealth. Sostratos protests that he is in love with the girl and has come to see her father because he wants to marry her. Gorgias tells him that he's wasting his time, since her father is very misanthropic and won't let her marry anyone except a poor farmer like himself. Daos advises him that if he takes off his smart cloak and works in the fields the girl's father might agree to talk to him. He lends Sostratos his two-pronged hoe and goes off to do some other work. Sostratos and Gorgias go off to the fields.
459:) Getas comes out and tells Simiche she may go inside since he is going to sit with Knemon. Then he calls out the cook Sikon and asks him he would like to come to get his own back on Knemon for his earlier rudeness. He suggests that they can tease him and infuriate him by asking to borrow things. Sicon goes into the house and brings out Knemon, who is asleep. He lays him down. Then Getas bangs on the door and shouts to imaginary slave boys that he wishes to borrow things. Next Sikon comes and does the same thing. In poetic language he describes the delightful party which Knemon is missing. Now they help Knemon to his feet and call two more slaves to carry him into the temple. Getas asks the audience to applaud.
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Knemon's stepson
Gorgias, showing his own work ethic, and helping to rescue Knemon from the well he has absurdly fallen into, Sostratos wins Knemon over and receives his blessing to marry his daughter. Sostratos also persuades his own father, Kallippides, to bless the betrothal of his own daughter to Gorgias. At the end of the play, Knemon is dragged kicking and screaming by the other characters to join the party for his daughter's wedding. As explained in the prologue, the events of the play are secretly orchestrated by the god
435:) regretting his misanthropic ways and resolving to be more friendly in future. He tells Gorgias that he is adopting him as his son, and giving him the responsibility for finding a husband for his sister; she may have half his property as a dowry. Gorgias introduces Sostratos, who is standing nearby. Noticing that Sostratos is sunburnt like a farmer, and reassured by Gorgias, Knemon gives his assent to their getting married. He is wheeled back inside his house. Gorgias then betroths his sister to Sostratos.
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is throwing stones at him. He explains how, when he knocked on the door, the old woman had sent him to the orchard where Knemon was working, and Knemon had been furious and beaten him up. Chaireas says that poor farmers are often bad-tempered. He promises to come back the next day to talk to the girl's father when he has calmed down; then he departs. Sostratos says he suspects that
Pyrrhias must have done something wrong, and he sends him home, saying he is going to wait for the girl's father.
452:, while Gorgias says he will give his sister one talent. Kallipides says they will hold the two weddings the next day. He tells Gorgias to fetch his mother and sister, and he himself goes into the temple. Sostratos proclaims his delight. Soon Gorgias brings out his sister and mother, and they go into the temple to meet their new in-laws. A little while later Simiche comes out too, after telling Knemon that he is wrong to stay behind when he has been invited.
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Knemon married a widow who already had a son by her first husband, but his continual bad temper caused her to leave him and go to live with her son. Pan says that because the girl won his favour by honouring the nymphs in his temple, he caused a certain rich city boy (Sostratos), who was hunting and spotted Knemon's daughter honouring the nymphs, to fall in love with her.
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borrow anything you have to use flattering words. He knocks on Knemon's door. Knemon comes out even more angrily and starts hitting Sikon with a strap. Sikon stands away and says he merely came to ask to borrow a pot. Seeing that he is getting nowhere, he decides he will roast the meat instead of boiling it. He goes back to the temple.
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Sostratos and his father emerge from the temple. The father has given his assent to
Sostratos marrying Knemon's daughter. Now Sostratos tries to persuade him to allow Gorgias to marry Sostratos's sister. Kallipides is at first reluctant, since Gorgias is poor, but eventually gives his assent. Gorgias
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Knemon leaves his house, intending to work in the fields. But just at that moment, Sostratos's mother and a party of followers (including a female piper) arrive carrying food-hampers, incense, and wine. The mother orders the piper to start playing. Getas comes out of the temple and tells her they are
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From the other side of the stage, the cook, Sikon, now arrives, struggling to carry a sheep. He is followed soon afterwards by the slave Getas, who is carrying a huge load of cushions and other things. Getas tells Sikon that his mistress had ordered a sacrifice to be made to Pan because she had had a
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Knemon's servant-woman
Simiche comes out shouting for help and saying that her master has fallen into the well. The cook Sikon, hearing her, refuses to help. She therefore calls for Gorgias, who comes out of the temple along with Sostratos. They go inside Knemon's house with the old woman. The cook,
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Menander writes his slave characters as intelligent, independent individuals who act on their own wants and goals, as well as considering the fortunes of their masters. These characters impact the story lines of the other characters while not directly changing them. The play as a whole demonstrates
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The old servant-woman comes out of Knemon's house, lamenting that when trying to fish out the water jar from the well with a hoe, she had dropped the hoe into the well too. Knemon comes out in a fury and chases her into the house. He says he will go down the well himself. Getas, hearing him, offers
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Sostratos arrives from the field aching all over. He complains that he worked there for a long time, but Knemon never arrived. Suddenly Getas comes out of the temple, complaining that he is having to do all the work himself. Sostratos accosts him. When Getas tells him about the sacrifice, Sostratos
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Now Knemon's daughter comes out carrying a jar. She complains that the old woman has accidentally dropped the water-pot down the well, and she must get some water from the nymphs, if no one is making a sacrifice, so that her father can have a bath. Sostratos steps forward and offers to help her. He
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Sostratos, a young
Athenian man who is hunting in the forest, enters with his poor companion Chaireas. He tells Chaireas about his love for the girl, and that he has sent his slave Pyrrhias to talk with her father. Suddenly Pyrrhias comes in running, shouting that he is being chased by a madman who
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Getas comes out of the temple, complaining that the slaves have forgotten the cooking pot. He knocks on Knemon's door hoping to borrow one. Knemon comes out in a fury, refuses to lend him anything, and slams the door. Getas returns to the temple. Sikon comes out, complaining that if you want to
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Gorgias returns from the fields with Daos. He scolds Daos and tells him that he should have spoken to the stranger sooner. Sostratos, who has been back home, enters saying that Getas was not available, because
Sostratos's mother had sent him to hire a cook so that she could make a sacrifice; so
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The god Pan comes out from his temple, and explains the background to the play. The scene is the village of Phyle (some 13 miles north-west of Athens). He says that in the house next door lives a bad-tempered and irritable old man, living with his daughter and an old servant-woman. He tells how
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The story of the play concerns a rich young nobleman, Sostratos, who falls in love at first sight with a village peasant girl and decides to marry her. Unfortunately, her father, Knemon, is reclusive, notoriously bad-tempered, and next to impossible to approach. Eventually, after winning over
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Suddenly
Sostratos's father Kallipides arrives. Sostratos tells him that the sacrifice is over, but that they have saved him some food. Kallipides goes inside the temple to eat. He is followed by Sostratos, who wants to ask for permission to marry Knemon's daughter. Gorgias goes inside too.
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Knemon now enters from his orchard, grumbling about trespassers. Sostratos addresses him and says that he is waiting for someone. Knemon answers him bad-temperedly and goes inside. Sostratos, who is shy, decides that he must fetch his father's cunning slave Getas to deal with the matter.
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The backdrop of the stage consists of three buildings: the house of
Gorgias (a farmer who is the stepson of Knemon), a temple of Pan and the Nymphs, and the house of Knemon (the Bad-Tempered Man of the title). The action of the play takes place in the street in front of these buildings.
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now steps forward: he has overheard the conversation. He thanks
Sostratos but says he can't agree to marrying his sister since he is poor. But after Kallipides encourages him not to be proud, he agrees. Kallipides promises him a dowry of three
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Sostratos arrives with Gorgias and Daos. Gorgias seems reluctant at first to accept Sostratos's invitation to the feast, but eventually he tells Daos to go home and attend to his mother, while he himself accompanies Sostratos into the temple.
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out of a total of about 969 verses there are only about 9 verses missing — in two places in the fourth act; but about 30 verses in the first and second acts are incomplete; and approximately 200 require some emendation
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Daos, a slave of Gorgias, comes out of Gorgias's house. Unobserved, he sees Sostratos giving the jar to Knemon's daughter and assumes he is up to no good. He decides he must go at once and inform his master, the girl's half-brother.
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Sostratos comes out from Knemon's house. He tells the audience how Gorgias went down the well, while he and the daughter waited above; then he had hauled Knemon out. The door of Knemon's house now opens revealing (by means of an
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bad dream that Pan had given her son a hoe and forced him to start digging the neighbour's land. Sikon tells Getas to cheer up and promises him a good meal. They go together into the temple.
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A group of drunk Pan-worshippers enter and dance to music. They remain in the area in front of the stage until the end of the play, dancing at the end of each act.
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Sikon, remains on stage saying unsympathetically that it serves the old man right. Saying he hopes Knemon has been crippled by the fall, he returns to the temple.
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ready for the sacrifice. As they enter the temple, the mother asks Knemon what he is staring at. He curses the visitors and decides to go back inside his house.
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is the only one of Menander's texts that has survived nearly completely intact—the papyrus being written in the 3rd century AD. Other plays, such as
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or roll-out platform) Knemon lying injured on a couch with Gorgias comforting him. Knemon asks Gorgias to call his mother, Knemon's former wife. (
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was in Sydney, Australia. On 4 July 1959, the University of Sydney Classical Society, at Wallace Theatre, Sydney University, performed
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currently exist in the Vatican Library in Vatican City and the Bibliothèque Bodmer (Bodmer Library) in Cologny, Switzerland.
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decides it would be a good idea to invite Gorgias and Daos to the feast, to get them on his side. He departs to the fields.
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Edited and translated by W. G. Arnott. Loeb Classical Library 132. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979; p. 295.
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who wishes to reward the religious piety of Knemon's daughter and force Knemon, against his will, to experience a
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and examines the social class system of the time and provides multiple perspectives through each character.
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The Story of the Bodmer Papyri: From the first monastery's library in upper Egypt to Geneva and Dublin
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Menander with masks depicting New Comedy characters: youth, false maiden, and the old man,
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festival in Athens in 316 BC, where it won Menander the first prize.
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Aspis. Georgos. Dis Exapaton. Dyskolos. Encheiridion. Epitrepontes.
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Photiades, Penelope J. (1 October 1958). "Pan's prologue to the
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It was long known only through fragmentary quotations; but a
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This article is about The Grouch (play). For other uses, see
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Other slaves, female relatives, friends of Sostratos' mother
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the metre changes for this speech from iambic trimeter to
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to lend him a rope but Knemon curses him and goes inside.
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Flynn, Christopher; Sheldon, John (2010). "Menander's
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671:Fontaine, Michael; Scafuro, Adele C., eds. (2014).
275:. The play was published in 1958 by Victor Martin.
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590:Fontaine, Michael; Scafuro, Adele C., eds. (201).
263:dating to the 3rd century, was recovered in
575:. Second Series. Vol. 5. pp. 108–122.
426:A small part of the manuscript is missing here.
244:, the only one of his plays, and of the whole
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673:The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy
593:The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy
499:have survived in fragments. Fragments of the
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174:outside Athens in front of a temple of Pan.
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16:Comic play by Menander (c. 317–316 BCE)
638:. Classical Literature. Ancient Greece
511:The first modern major performance of
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3306:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
3959:Archaeological discoveries in Egypt
3984:Plays based on classical mythology
259:manuscript of the nearly complete
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660:. Study Guide. 18 September 2016.
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3954:1952 archaeological discoveries
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318:Princeton University Art Museum
432:trochaic tetrameter catalectic
428:) Knemon makes a long speech (
267:in 1952 and forms part of the
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2505:Funeral and burial practices
1690:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3979:Plays set in ancient Greece
729:Robinson, James M. (2014).
688:"Papyrus 72 and the Bodmer
596:. Oxford University Press.
534:Vincent J. Rosivach, 2014:
21:The Grouch (disambiguation)
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3823:History of Western theatre
2429:Greek Revival architecture
675:. Oxford University Press.
636:www.ancient-literature.com
528:George Theodoridis, 2013:
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772:– via ProQuest Web.
762:10.1017/S0066477400002100
708:10.1017/s0028688505000081
686:Wasserman, Tommy (2005).
606:– via Google Books.
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748:at Sydney, 1959–2009*".
733:. James Clarke & Co.
88:Simiche, an old servant
82:Knemon, an old villager
73:Chaireas, his companion
67:Kallippides, his father
1871:Artists & scholars
1786:List of ancient Greeks
1423:Second Athenian League
1272:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1097:Ancient Greek colonies
463:Character descriptions
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64:Sostratos, a young man
2990:Sybaris on the Traeis
1715:Sacred Band of Thebes
1455:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
969:Cycladic civilization
696:New Testament Studies
658:"Menander's Dyskolos"
315:
2515:mythological figures
2236:Ancient Greek tribes
1361:Peloponnesian League
238:Ancient Greek comedy
227:The Bad-tempered Man
91:Gorgias, his stepson
79:Getas, another slave
3856:English Renaissance
2627:Tunnel of Eupalinos
2622:Theatre of Dionysus
2246:Ancient Macedonians
1862:Tyrants of Syracuse
1374:Amphictyonic League
974:Minoan civilization
76:Pyrrhias, his slave
3989:Rediscovered works
3974:Hellenistic Athens
3861:Spanish Golden Age
3850:Commedia dell'arte
3301:Menestheus's Limin
2955:Pandosia (Lucania)
2843:Greek colonisation
2205:Athenian statesmen
1966:Diogenes of Sinope
1827:Kings of Macedonia
1817:Kings of Commagene
1685:Macedonian phalanx
1665:Hellenistic armies
1413:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1277:Indo-Greek Kingdom
999:Hellenistic Greece
541:2009-03-07 at the
507:Modern performance
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273:Oxyrhynchus Papyri
203:[dýskolos]
170:A country road in
47:Worshippers of Pan
3964:Plays by Menander
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573:Greece & Rome
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177:
147:Original language
85:Knemon's daughter
70:Sostratos' mother
3996:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3769:
3759:
3758:
3693:
3411:
2910:Heraclea Lucania
2863:
2854:
2835:
2595:
2527:Twelve Olympians
2498:
2288:
2264:
1852:Seleucid dynasty
1832:Kings of Paionia
1781:
1768:
1638:Scythian archers
1545:Graphe paranomon
1475:
1382:
1379:
1369:
1366:
1350:
1347:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1144:
1115:
994:Classical Greece
979:Mycenaean Greece
959:
935:
907:
900:
893:
884:
809:
802:
795:
786:
774:
773:
741:
735:
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719:
683:
677:
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654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
627:
621:
614:
608:
607:
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581:
580:
564:
233:Old Cantankerous
206:, translated as
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200:
196:
195:
194:
26:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3944:
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3825:
3820:
3790:
3785:
3743:
3698:
3675:
3538:
3532:
3415:
3406:
3398:
3369:Melaina Korkyra
3325:
3247:
3204:
3157:Aeolian Islands
3147:
3009:
2867:
2848:
2847:
2821:
2778:
2689:
2631:
2582:
2536:
2487:
2409:
2400:Wedding customs
2282:
2281:
2250:
2241:Thracian Greeks
2224:
2215:Olympic victors
2193:
2035:
1922:
1866:
1857:Kings of Sparta
1842:Kings of Pontus
1812:Kings of Athens
1788:
1775:
1754:
1650:Army of Macedon
1610:
1587:
1559:
1516:
1464:
1437:(370–c. 230 BC)
1435:Arcadian League
1419:(c. 400–188 BC)
1417:Aetolian League
1411:Boeotian League
1393:Hellenic League
1380:
1367:
1357:(c. 650–404 BC)
1348:
1342:Italiote League
1335:
1331:
1325:Doric Hexapolis
1315:
1306:
1302:Seleucid Empire
1245:
1138:
1137:
1101:
1008:
984:Greek Dark Ages
953:
952:
929:
916:
911:
881:
876:
819:
813:
783:
778:
777:
743:
742:
738:
728:
727:
723:
685:
684:
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665:
656:
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639:
629:
628:
624:
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584:
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543:Wayback Machine
525:
509:
474:
465:
445:
411:
386:
373:
344:
335:
326:
310:
301:The Misanthrope
215:The Misanthrope
198:
137:Lenaia Festival
133:Place premiered
120:
111:Gorgias' mother
100:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4002:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3986:
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3976:
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3419:
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3408:
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3391:
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3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
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3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3249:
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3206:
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3140:
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3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Megara Hyblaea
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:Hybla Gereatis
3080:
3075:
3073:Heraclea Minoa
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
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3008:
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2987:
2982:
2977:
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2845:
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2838:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2817:Attic numerals
2814:
2812:Greek numerals
2809:
2807:Greek alphabet
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2764:
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2495:
2489:
2488:
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2475:
2470:
2465:
2464:
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2461:Musical system
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
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2327:
2322:
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2302:
2296:
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2259:
2256:
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2238:
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2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Mathematicians
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Kings of Argos
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1764:
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1760:
1759:
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1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
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1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Cretan archers
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
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1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1459:Achaean League
1456:
1453:Euboean League
1450:
1444:
1441:Epirote League
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:(c. 500–31 BC)
1384:
1371:
1358:
1352:
1339:
1321:
1319:
1317:Confederations
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1241:Lissus (Crete)
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
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1158:
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1150:
1140:
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1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
989:Archaic Greece
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
963:
955:
954:
951:
950:
945:
939:
938:
931:
930:
928:
927:
921:
918:
917:
914:Ancient Greece
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
878:
877:
875:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
824:
821:
820:
814:
812:
811:
804:
797:
789:
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781:External links
779:
776:
775:
736:
721:
702:(1): 137–154.
678:
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602:
582:
571:of Menander".
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285:redemption arc
221:The Curmudgeon
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125:Date premiered
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114:Donax, a slave
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3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
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3282:
3281:Hemeroscopion
3279:
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3272:
3269:
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3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
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3250:
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3141:
3139:
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3119:
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2858:Magna Graecia
2855:
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2732:Arcadocypriot
2730:
2728:
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2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
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2700:
2696:
2686:
2685:Zeus, Olympia
2683:
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2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Hera, Olympia
2668:
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2600:
2599:
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2589:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:Mount Olympus
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
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2559:
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2554:
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2545:
2543:
2541:Sacred places
2539:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
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1725:Seleucid army
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1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
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1400:
1399:Delian League
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:Ionian League
1353:
1343:
1340:
1336: 560 BC
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1298:
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1078:
1077:Magna Graecia
1075:
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868:
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857:Perikeiromene
854:
852:
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845:
844:
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831:
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826:
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747:
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697:
693:
691:
690:Miscellaneous
682:
679:
674:
667:
664:
659:
653:
650:
637:
633:
626:
623:
619:
613:
610:
605:
603:9780199743544
599:
595:
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586:
583:
579:
578:(p. 108)
574:
570:
563:
560:
553:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
531:
527:
526:
522:
520:
518:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
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496:Perikeiromene
493:
489:
484:
483:
478:
471:
469:
462:
460:
458:
453:
451:
442:
440:
436:
434:
433:
427:
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408:
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370:
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364:
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356:
352:
348:
341:
339:
332:
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323:
319:
314:
307:
305:
303:
302:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
276:
274:
270:
269:Bodmer Papyri
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
228:
223:
222:
217:
216:
211:
210:
204:
188:
184:
183:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
151:Ancient Greek
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
97:Sikon, a cook
96:
94:Daos, a slave
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
3926:20th century
3901:19th century
3871:Neoclassical
3848:
3576:Dionysopolis
3546:Abonoteichos
3498:Pantikapaion
3088:Hybla Heraea
2424:Architecture
2380:Prostitution
2069:Aristophanes
1928:Philosophers
1898:Philosophers
1730:Spartan army
1461:(280–146 BC)
1449:(338–322 BC)
1443:(370–168 BC)
1431:(374–196 BC)
1425:(378–355 BC)
1407:(430–348 BC)
1401:(478–404 BC)
1395:(499–449 BC)
1082:Peloponnesus
1004:Roman Greece
869:
862:
855:
848:
843:Epitrepontes
841:
835:
834:
827:
753:
749:
745:
739:
730:
724:
699:
695:
689:
681:
672:
666:
652:
640:. Retrieved
635:
625:
617:
612:
592:
585:
576:
572:
568:
562:
523:Translations
516:
512:
510:
500:
492:Epitrepontes
486:
481:
476:
475:
466:
456:
454:
446:
437:
429:
425:
419:
416:
412:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
378:
374:
366:
362:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
336:
327:
299:
291:
289:
277:
260:
254:
232:
231:
226:
225:
220:
219:
214:
213:
208:
207:
181:
180:
179:
128:316 BCE
3891:Romanticism
3876:Restoration
3724:Place names
3636:Salmydessus
3458:Kalos Limen
3438:Chersonesus
3428:Borysthenes
3133:Tauromenion
2945:Metapontion
2707:Proto-Greek
2660:Erechtheion
2655:Athena Nike
2617:Philippeion
2446:Mathematics
2417:and science
2300:Agriculture
2164:Stesichorus
2074:Bacchylides
2064:Archilochus
1951:Antisthenes
1941:Anaximander
1913:Seven Sages
1903:Playwrights
1883:Geographers
1878:Astronomers
1705:Pezhetairos
1332: 1100
1312:Federations
1211:Megalopolis
1148:City states
1123:City states
756:: 111–127.
472:Manuscripts
3948:Categories
3921:Postmodern
3911:Naturalism
3866:Classicism
3626:Polemonion
3503:Phanagoria
3473:Kimmerikon
3468:Kerkinitis
3453:Hermonassa
3443:Dioscurias
3339:Aspalathos
3286:Kalathousa
3261:Akra Leuke
3190:Phoenicusa
2975:Scylletium
2960:Poseidonia
2880:Brentesion
2767:Pamphylian
2762:Macedonian
2680:Samothrace
2665:Hephaestus
2612:Long Walls
2591:Structures
2532:Underworld
2478:Technology
2441:Literature
2375:Philosophy
2340:Euergetism
2229:By culture
2174:Thucydides
2016:Pythagoras
2011:Protagoras
2001:Parmenides
1986:Heraclitus
1971:Empedocles
1961:Democritus
1946:Anaximenes
1936:Anaxagoras
1888:Historians
1381: 595
1368: 550
1349: 800
1334: – c.
1262:Cappadocia
1067:Ionian Sea
1057:Hellespont
1022:Aegean Sea
850:Misoumenos
750:Antichthon
642:5 December
632:"Dyskolos"
630:Menander.
616:Menander:
549:References
261:Dyskolos,
246:New Comedy
209:The Grouch
199:pronounced
161:New Comedy
52:Characters
34:Written by
3969:Pan (god)
3916:Modernism
3896:Melodrama
3712:in Epirus
3661:Trapezous
3606:Mesambria
3591:Eupatoria
3561:Apollonia
3556:Anchialos
3518:Theodosia
3488:Nymphaion
3478:Myrmekion
3448:Gorgippia
3404:Black Sea
3389:Tragurion
3374:Nymphaion
3359:Epidauros
3354:Epidamnos
3344:Apollonia
3321:Zacynthos
3243:Ptolemais
3237:Apollonia
3210:Cyrenaica
3200:Therassía
3195:Strongyle
3175:Ereikousa
3098:Leontinoi
3038:Apollonia
2915:Hipponion
2712:Mycenaean
2675:Parthenon
2607:Lion Gate
2510:Mythology
2473:Sculpture
2436:Astronomy
2370:Pederasty
2345:Festivals
2330:Education
2210:Lawgivers
2179:Timocreon
2159:Sophocles
2154:Simonides
2129:Philocles
2124:Panyassis
2119:Mimnermus
2084:Herodotus
2079:Euripides
2049:Aeschylus
1996:Leucippus
1956:Aristotle
1735:Strategos
1601:Synedrion
1555:Ostracism
1535:Areopagus
1487:Free city
1282:Macedonia
1166:Byzantion
1072:Macedonia
1037:Cyrenaica
1014:Geography
948:Geography
871:Sikyonioi
815:Plays by
770:142418120
716:162883816
554:Citations
536:full text
530:full text
490:, Heros,
421:eccyclema
294:inspired
3931:timeline
3881:Augustan
3844:Medieval
3761:Category
3739:Theatres
3666:Tripolis
3601:Kerasous
3596:Heraclea
3528:Tyritake
3483:Nikonion
3394:Thronion
3316:Salauris
3271:Emporion
3228:Berenice
3218:Balagrae
3170:Euonymos
3143:Tyndaris
3128:Syracuse
3123:Selinous
3093:Kamarina
3048:Casmenae
3033:Akrillai
2950:Neápolis
2885:Caulonia
2866:Mainland
2797:Linear B
2792:Linear A
2722:Dialects
2699:Language
2493:Religion
2451:Medicine
2385:Religion
2350:Folklore
2335:Emporium
2310:Clothing
2305:Calendar
2189:Xenophon
2184:Tyrtaeus
2169:Theognis
2144:Polybius
2139:Plutarch
2114:Menander
2094:Hipponax
2021:Socrates
1976:Epicurus
1822:Diadochi
1720:Sciritae
1680:Hetairoi
1655:Ballista
1620:Military
1583:Gerousia
1573:Ekklesia
1540:Ecclesia
1522:Athenian
1470:Politics
1383:–279 BC)
1370:–366 BC)
1351:–389 BC)
1287:Pergamon
1257:Bithynia
1250:Kingdoms
1191:Pergamon
1133:Military
1128:Politics
925:Timeline
836:Dyskolos
817:Menander
746:Dyskolos
569:Dyskolos
539:Archived
517:Dyskolos
513:Dyskolos
501:Dyskolos
477:Dyskolos
333:Prologue
304:(1666).
292:Dyskolos
242:Menander
236:) is an
193:Δύσκολος
182:Dyskolos
38:Menander
29:Dyskolos
3906:Realism
3781:Outline
3734:Temples
3671:Zaliche
3651:Thèrmae
3641:Sesamus
3611:Odessos
3586:Cytorus
3581:Cotyora
3331:Illyria
3296:Mainake
3291:Kypsela
3180:Hycesia
3138:Thermae
3118:Segesta
3108:Messana
3063:Helorus
3043:Calacte
3023:Akragas
2985:Sybaris
2970:Rhegion
2925:Krimisa
2875:Alision
2784:Writing
2757:Locrian
2747:Epirote
2717:Homeric
2650:Artemis
2637:Temples
2578:Olympia
2548:Eleusis
2483:Theatre
2468:Pottery
2395:Warfare
2390:Slavery
2325:Economy
2320:Cuisine
2315:Coinage
2292:Society
2277:Culture
2272:Society
2220:Tyrants
2059:Alcaeus
2041:Authors
1991:Hypatia
1981:Gorgias
1918:Writers
1740:Toxotai
1710:Sarissa
1700:Peltast
1695:Phalanx
1675:Hoplite
1670:Hippeis
1593:Macedon
1565:Spartan
1550:Heliaia
1497:Proxeny
1206:Larissa
1201:Kerkyra
1196:Eretria
1186:Miletus
1181:Ephesus
1176:Corinth
1171:Chalcis
1092:Taurica
962:Periods
943:History
450:talents
324:Setting
296:Molière
257:papyrus
250:Lenaian
167:Setting
61:, a god
3886:Weimar
3771:Portal
3719:People
3707:Cities
3646:Sinope
3631:Rhizos
3621:Phasis
3571:Bathus
3566:Athina
3551:Amisos
3513:Tanais
3508:Pityus
3433:Charax
3384:Pharos
3379:Orikon
3276:Helike
3266:Alonis
3233:Cyrene
3165:Didyme
3078:Himera
3053:Catana
3015:Sicily
3005:Thurii
3000:Terina
2965:Pixous
2920:Hydrus
2895:Croton
2727:Aeolic
2645:Aphaea
2568:Dodona
2553:Delphi
2522:Temple
2198:Others
2149:Sappho
2134:Pindar
2109:Lucian
2104:Ibycus
2089:Hesiod
2026:Thales
1794:Rulers
1773:People
1750:Xyston
1745:Xiphos
1606:Koinon
1512:Tyrant
1502:Stasis
1492:Koinon
1292:Pontus
1267:Epirus
1236:Sparta
1226:Rhodes
1221:Megara
1216:Thebes
1161:Athens
1087:Pontus
1052:Epirus
1042:Cyprus
1027:Aeolis
768:
714:
692:Codex"
600:
363:Chorus
141:Athens
44:Chorus
3839:Roman
3834:Greek
3729:Stoae
3697:Lists
3616:Oinòe
3539:coast
3537:South
3523:Tyras
3493:Olbia
3463:Kepoi
3416:coast
3414:North
3407:basin
3349:Aulon
3311:Rhode
3223:Barca
3113:Naxos
3068:Henna
3028:Akrai
2995:Taras
2980:Siris
2940:Medma
2935:Locri
2900:Cumae
2890:Chone
2868:Italy
2774:Koine
2752:Ionic
2742:Doric
2737:Attic
2558:Delos
2456:Music
2099:Homer
2054:Aesop
2006:Plato
1908:Poets
1578:Ephor
1530:Agora
1507:Tagus
1482:Boule
1231:Samos
1156:Argos
1062:Ionia
1047:Doris
1032:Crete
864:Samia
829:Aspis
766:S2CID
712:S2CID
488:Aspis
482:Samia
443:Act 5
409:Act 4
384:Act 3
371:Act 2
342:Act 1
265:Egypt
187:Greek
172:Phyle
157:Genre
3656:Tium
3423:Akra
3364:Issa
3058:Gela
2930:Laüs
2905:Elea
2563:Dion
2415:Arts
2405:Wine
2031:Zeno
1628:Wars
644:2017
598:ISBN
308:Plot
290:The
271:and
105:Mute
2360:Law
758:doi
704:doi
281:Pan
240:by
230:or
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