318:
618:' during childhood. Only 11 percent of his heterosexual samples were gender-role nonconformists. Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith (1981, 188) reported that half of their male homosexual subjects practised gender-inappropriate behaviour in childhood. Among their heterosexual men, the rate of noncompliance was 25 percent. Saghir and Robins (1973, 18) found that one-third of their gay man respondents conformed to gender role dictates. Only 3 percent of their heterosexual men deviated from the norm." Thus effeminate boys, or sissies, are physically and verbally harassed (Saghir and Robins, 1973, 17–18; Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith 1981, 74–84), causing them to feel worthless and "de-feminise".
629:: "They have a different face for different occasions. In conversations with each other, they often undergo a subtle change. I have seen men who appeared to be normal suddenly smile roguishly, soften their voices, and simper as they greeted homosexual friends Many times I saw these changes occur after I had gained a homosexual's confidence and he could safely risk my disapproval. Once as I watched a luncheon companion become an effeminate caricature of himself, he apologized, 'It is hard to always remember that one is a man.'" Before Stonewall, "
2078:
455:
764:
248:
2090:
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437:, contains a debate "between two men, Charicles and Callicratidas, over the relative merits of women and boys as vehicles of male sexual pleasure." Callicratidas, "far from being effeminised by his sexual predilection for boys... Callicratidas's inclination renders him hypervirile... Callicratidas's sexual desire for boys, then, makes him more of a man; it does not weaken or subvert his male
2169:
2186:
2152:
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368:" and frequently commented on his "unmanly and womanish temper", even criticising his clothing: "If anyone took those dainty little coats and soft shirts off you... and took them round for the jurors to handle, I think they'd be quite unable to say, if they hadn't been told in advance, whether they had hold of a man's clothing or a woman's."
662:
There is a definite prejudice towards men who use femininity as part of their palette; their emotional palette, their physical palette. Is that changing? It's changing in ways that don't advance the cause of femininity. I'm not talking frilly-laced pink things or Hello Kitty stuff. I'm talking about
688:
compares "universalising" and "minoritising" notions of gender deviance: "'Softness' either may represent the specter of potential gender failure that haunts all normative masculinity, an ever-present threat to the masculinity of every man, or it may represent the disfiguring peculiarity of a small
821:
emerged by at least the 1990s and gained traction online, used in both sexual and non-sexual contexts. Recently, femboys have become increasingly visible due to their inclusion in popular media, and trends such as "Femboy Friday" and "Femboy
Hooters". These trends involve self-identifying femboys
486:
questioned one of his opponents, P. Sulpicius Galus: "For the kind of man who adorns himself daily in front of a mirror, wearing perfume; whose eyebrows are shaved off; who walks around with plucked beard and thighs; who when he was a young man reclined at banquets next to his lover, wearing a
441:
but rather consolidates it." In contrast, "Charicles' erotic preference for women seems to have had the corresponding effect of effeminising him: when the reader first encounters him, for example, Charicles is described as exhibiting 'a skillful use of cosmetics, so as to be attractive to
680:" became dominant and effeminacy is now marginalised. One indicator of this is a definite preference shown in personal ads for masculine-behaving men. The avoidance of effeminacy by men, including gay ones, has been linked to possible impedance of personal and public health. Regarding
745:'s cultural analysis of gay masculinities has found effeminacy to be a "historically varying concept deployed primarily as a means of stabilising a given society's concept of masculinity and controlling the conduct of its men based upon the repudiation of the feminine".
684:, masculine behaviour was stereotyped as being unconcerned about safe sex practices while engaging in promiscuous sexual behaviour. Early reports from New York City indicated that more women had themselves tested for HIV/AIDS than men.
999:
Hoskin R. A. “Femininity? It’s the aesthetic of subordination”: Examining femmephobia, the gender binary, and experiences of oppression among sexual and gender minorities // Archives of sexual behavior. – 2020. – V. 49. – №. 7. – p.
470:
Over-refinement, fine clothes and other possessions, the company of women, certain trades, and too much fondness with women were all deemed effeminate traits in Roman society. Taking an inappropriate sexual position, passive or
2158:
522:, wrote: ''Why are the Egyptians more intelligent and more given to crafts, and the Syrians unwarlike and effeminate, but at the same time intelligent, hot-tempered, vain and quick to learn?''
1470:
594:
reported that the mainland
Chinese government has banned effeminate men from appearing in television commercials. The Chinese government instructed broadcasters to stop showing "sissy men".
395:
is a man who cross-dresses or flirts like a girl. Indeed, the word's etymology suggests an indirect sexual act emulating a promiscuous woman. This term has been borrowed from the Greek
1579:
258:
339:, asked his "boy", "Aren't you pregnant yet?" in the presence of other people, causing the boy to kill him in revenge for being treated as if effeminate or a woman (
805:) is a modern slang term used to refer to a male who displays traditionally feminine characteristics, such as wearing dresses, skirts, and/or thigh-highs. It is a
1601:
712:
415:
in his hand, and adopted a lascivious style, often suggestively wiggling his buttocks in such a way as to suggest anal intercourse....The primary meaning of
2000:
Bailey, Michael; Kim, Peggy; Hills, Alex; and
Linsenmeier, Joan (1997). "Butch, Femme, or Straight Acting? Partner Preferences of Gay Men and Lesbians.",
317:
1772:
2061:
2106:
1213:
2048:
1576:
614:, they are less compliant. Martin Levine summarizes: "Harry (1982, 51–52), for example, found that 42 percent of his gay respondents were '
1688:
1663:
704:
to describe the ambivalence gay men and culture have about effeminate behaviour in 1995. Gay author Tim
Bergling popularized the term
307:
700:, as used by Randy P. Conner) was coined by Will Fellows to describe strong anti-effeminacy. Michael Bailey coined the similar term
645:, including an interest in fashion and decorating. Masculine gay men were marginalised and formed their own communities, such as the
1994:
1904:
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1863:
1823:
1744:
1638:
1611:
1545:
288:
1423:
571:
1814:
Davis, Madeline and
Lapovsky Kennedy, Elizabeth (1989). "Oral History and the Study of Sexuality in the Lesbian Community",
1193:
731:. Feminist sociologist Rhea Ashley Hoskin suggests that these terms can be understood as relating to a larger construct of
945:
2068:
527:
466:, Euryalus was "beautiful" and had a close relationship with his mother, while Nisus was fast and skilled with weaponry.
498:
described, "The plucked body, the broken walk, the female attire," as "signs of one who is soft and not a real man."
940:
354:
in 346 BC, he brought a counter suit claiming
Timarchus had prostituted himself to (or been "kept" by) other men (
1808:
387:: a man "whose most salient feature was a supposedly 'feminine' love of being sexually penetrated by other men":
1799:, Aristotle, trans. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1992. Vol. #285
741:
to identify, embody, or express femininely and toward people and objects gendered femininely." Since the 2000s,
547:
because "merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind".
2226:
1198:
1850:
501:
For Roman men masculinity also meant self-control, even in the face of painful emotions, illnesses, or death.
475:", in same-gender sex was considered effeminate and unnatural. Touching the head with a finger and wearing a
2221:
554:
evidently considered effeminacy an undesirable trait, but it is unclear what or who was being referred to.
2082:
517:
1811:, 20 vol. It has 75 references in English literature of over 500 years of usage of the word 'effeminate'.
509:
adds, "If I must suffer illness, it will be my wish to do nothing out of control, nothing effeminately."
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505:
says, "There exist certain precepts, even laws, that prohibit a man from being effeminate in pain," and
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72:
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posting images of themselves in online groups and forums, dressed in feminine clothing or a form of
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325:
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60:
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long-sleeved tunic; who is fond of men as he is of wine: can anyone doubt that he has done what
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goddess energy, intuition and feelings. That is still under attack, and it has gotten worse.
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88:
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826:. Cosplay has become exceedingly popular among online femboys, usually cosplaying female,
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91:
as being effeminate, and vice versa. However, femininity, masculinity, and other forms of
1050:
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1956:
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407:, primarily signifying a purely effeminate dancer who entertained his audiences with a
80:
1818:(1990), Duberman, etc., eds. New York: Meridian, New American Library, Penguin Books.
1431:
1126:
fr. 17 Malcovati; Aulus
Gellius, 6.12.5; cited/translated by Williams 1999, p. 23
763:
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885:
650:
642:
611:
603:
536:
420:
433:("Loves", "Forms of Desire", "Affairs of the Heart"), preserved with manuscripts by
2094:
1948:
1009:
Berkowitz D., Windsor E. J., Han C. W. (ed.). Male femininities. – NYU Press, 2023.
950:
724:
677:
634:
472:
56:
115:
2031:
Padva, Gilad. "Claiming Lost Gay Youth, Embracing
Femininostalgia: Todd Haynes's
1914:(The Journal of Men's Studies, Spring 2006, Men's Studies Press; ISSN 1060-8265)
1837:
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915:
895:
863:
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806:
717:
706:
654:
563:
531:
361:
351:
52:
1845:
Martin, Dale B. (1996). "Arsenokoités and
Malakos: Meanings and Consequences",
1831:
The
Constraints of Desire: The Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece
737:, or "prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone who is
202:
similarly implies effeminacy or over-refinement, but comes from the Latin term
960:
880:
633:" culture accepted homosexuality as effeminate behaviour, and thus emphasized
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404:
230:
1721:
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925:
910:
900:
851:
721:
583:
347:
120:
76:
1899:
Levine, Martin P. (1998). Gay Macho. New York: New York University Press.
17:
1912:"Feminine" Heterosexual Men: Subverting Heteropatriarchal Sexual Scripts?
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870:
681:
630:
377:
336:
332:
40:
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Faeries, Bears, and Leathermen: Men in Community Queering the Masculine
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383:
84:
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1839:
Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity
754:
669:
540:
502:
476:
459:
434:
220:
123:
1194:"China bans men it sees as not masculine enough from TV - ABC News"
1051:"What Does femboy Mean? | Gender & Sexuality by Dictionary.com"
1710:
Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice
1630:
Clinical sexuality: a manual for the physician and the professions
1214:"China bans men it sees as not masculine enough from TV | AP News"
930:
856:
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316:
172:
166:
111:
68:
64:
1805:, Aristotle, trans. H. Rackham, Loeb Classical Library. Vol. #285
875:
837:, it is also used as a positive/self-describing term within the
544:
194:
44:
63:, behaviors, and appearances that are socially associated with
1352:
758:
625:, inconsistent gender role performance had been noticed among
607:
241:
48:
2100:
1536:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. p.
606:, and gender role performance determines social rank. While
371:
In ancient Koine Greek, the word for effeminate is κίναιδος
198:(when applied to a boy or, especially, adult man). The word
1847:
Biblical Ethics & Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture
1765:"Introducing 'Femboys', the Most Wholesome Trend On TikTok"
1933:
Gay Children Grown Up: Gender, Culture and Gender Deviance
1816:
Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past
137:'woman'; it means 'made feminine, emasculated, weakened'.
1873:, p. 125. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
649:, and/or wore clothes that were commonly associated with
1288:
1286:
775:
266:
1849:, Robert L. Brawley, ed. Westminster John Knox Press.
2066:
1353:"'Femboys': The TikTok trend shaking up gender norms"
1951:(1978). "Homosexuality: The Scene and Its Student",
1532:
A Passion to Preserve: Gay Men as Keepers of Culture
364:' nickname Batalos ("arse") to his "unmanliness and
218:, meaning a girlish boy, comes from an inversion of
51:, particularly those considered untypical of men or
1940:
Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women
1424:"THE OLD GUARD (The History of Leather Traditions)"
1104:(Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. 84–86; Winn,
1964:The Homosexual and His Society: A View from Within
1926:The Forty-Nine Percent Majority: The Male Sex Role
1706:"Femme Theory: Refocusing the Intersectional Lens"
1529:
350:was accused of treason by Athenians Timarchus and
1249:
1247:
322:The Younger Apollo Teaching Hyacinth to Play Lyra
1739:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 48.
1586:, Gaywired.com, Dec 20, 2007, also appeared in
660:
399:(which may itself have come from a language of
389:
140:Other vernacular words for effeminacy include:
1924:David, Deborah S. and Brannon, Robert (1976).
1888:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
861:
206:meaning 'having given birth; exhausted', from
1856:Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic
833:While the term can be used as a slur towards
255:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
2043:, pp. 72–97 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014,
2002:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1987:Sissyphobia: Gay Men and Effeminate Behavior
1971:Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America
1953:The Sociology of Sex: An Introductory Reader
1603:Sissyphobia: Gay Men and Effeminate Behavior
1577:"Would Life Be Better if You Were Straight?"
713:Sissyphobia: Gay Men and Effeminate Behavior
2014:Bailey, Michael (1995). "Gender Identity",
1962:Cory, Donald W. and LeRoy, John P. (1963).
2018:, p. 71-93. New York: Harcourt Brace.
2016:The Lives of Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals
273:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2041:Queer Nostalgia in Cinema and Pop Culture
1633:(3rd ed.). Lippincott. p. 110.
1138:5.9.14, cited/translated by Richlin, 1993
289:Learn how and when to remove this message
1973:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
1942:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1938:Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith (1981).
419:never died out; the term never became a
2113:
2073:
2062:Strength of Being an Effeminate Gay Man
992:
973:
335:recounts that Periander, the tyrant of
75:, men considered effeminate have faced
1871:How To Do The History of Homosexuality
2007:Bergling, Tim (1997). "Sissyphobia",
1758:
1756:
1683:. Berkeley: Seal Press. p. 133.
1347:
1345:
1343:
602:In the United States, boys are often
581:The Chinese term for 'girlie men' is
7:
1842:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1656:Sexual Deceit: The Ethics of Passing
1055:Everything After Z by Dictionary.com
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1989:. New York: Harrington Park Press.
381:in its Latinized form), or μαλακός
1921:. Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman.
1704:Hoskin, Rhea Ashley (2017-06-09).
308:Classical definition of effeminacy
224:, meaning a boyish girl. The term
25:
1928:. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
830:, or effeminate male characters.
479:were also considered effeminate.
462:'s tale of the two young lovers,
228:comes from a gender-inversion of
27:Feminine qualities in boys or men
2184:
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2150:
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2116:
2088:
2076:
762:
246:
1775:from the original on 2020-10-20
1658:. Lexington Books. p. 10.
1461:Levine, 1998, p. 21–23, 56
716:, although it was used before.
689:class of deviant individuals."
1102:Homosexuality and Civilization
1025:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
572:Discrimination against gay men
1:
1262:Saghir and Robins 1973, 18–19
946:Social construction of gender
1172:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
727:has coined the similar term
491:are in the habit of doing?"
1869:Halperin, David M. (2002).
1836:Williams, Craig A. (1999).
1319:Levine, 1998, p. 21–23
862:
269:, discuss the issue on the
2248:
2004:, 73(5), pp. 960–973.
1966:. New York: Citadel Press.
1271:Levine, 1998, p. 5–16
980:possibly c. fourth century
941:Sex and gender distinction
752:
561:
305:
1945:Saghir and Robins (1973).
1829:Winkler, John J. (1990).
1809:Oxford English Dictionary
1506:Levine, 1998, p. 148
2011:, p. 53. September.
1959:eds. New York: Schocken.
1917:Gagnon, John H. (1977).
1763:Ran, Dani (2020-08-13).
1654:Harrison, Kelby (2013).
1627:Oliven, John F. (1974).
543:were the bravest of all
1969:Newton, Esther (1972).
1955:, James M. Henslin and
1241:David and Brannon, 1976
799:(alternatively spelled
590:In September 2021, the
302:Ancient Greece and Rome
55:. These traits include
1985:Bergling, Tim (2001).
1980:. New York: MacFadden.
1833:. New York: Routledge.
1735:Hennen, Peter (2008).
1679:Serano, Julia (2007).
1600:Bergling, Tim (2001).
1528:Fellows, Will (2004).
665:
610:boys receive the same
564:Masculinity § Men
467:
425:
360:). He also attributed
328:
214:'offspring'. The term
2105:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
2039:". In: Padva, Gilad,
1976:Stearn, Jess (1962).
1854:Holland, Tom (2004).
1471:Interview with RuPaul
936:Queer heterosexuality
653:individuals, such as
519:Against the Galileans
457:
320:
39:is the embodiment of
1935:. New York: Praeger.
1884:K.J. Dover, (1989).
1797:On Virtues and Vices
1566:Michael Bailey, 1995
1422:Guy Baldwin (1993).
1292:Cory and LeRoy, 1963
1183:Meditations, Book 4.
512:Emperor/philosopher
267:improve this section
257:may not represent a
73:Western civilization
2033:Dottie Gets Spanked
1886:Greek Homosexuality
1803:The Eudemian Ethics
1488:Bailey et al. 1997.
1473:, David Shankbone,
1222:. 2 September 2021.
514:Julian the Apostate
95:are independent of
1582:2015-09-23 at the
1479:, October 6, 2007.
1028:. Merriam-Webster.
774:. You can help by
676:After Stonewall, "
647:leather subculture
468:
464:Nisus and Euryalus
329:
326:Louis de Boullogne
97:sexual orientation
2049:978-1-137-26633-0
1919:Human Sexualities
1716:(1): 95–109 PDF.
1434:on 5 January 2010
1403:Warren 1972, 1974
1106:The Poetry of War
921:Non-binary gender
792:
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484:Scipio Aemilianus
357:Against Timarchus
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93:gender expression
16:(Redirected from
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1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1359:. 2021-01-08
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1301:Newton, 1972
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1020:"effeminate"
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951:Third gender
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698:effemiphobic
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2125:Definitions
1575:Dylan Vox,
1412:Helmer 1963
1328:Henry, 1955
1073:Dover, 1989
956:Transgender
916:Metrosexual
896:Genderqueer
835:trans women
817:. The term
807:portmanteau
734:femmephobia
729:effemimania
720:writer and
718:Transgender
707:sissyphobia
696:(sometimes
621:Before the
532:Gallic Wars
362:Demosthenes
352:Demosthenes
133:'out') and
119:, from the
116:effeminātus
110:comes from
103:Terminology
89:stereotyped
61:stereotypes
53:masculinity
2212:Effeminacy
2206:Categories
2176:Quotations
2103:Effeminacy
1779:2021-05-17
1553:2012-02-10
1438:27 October
1385:White 1980
1363:2021-01-08
1337:West, 1977
1136:Institutes
1060:2020-03-11
1000:2319-2339.
988:References
961:Two-spirit
881:Femininity
828:non-binary
753:See also:
702:femiphobia
604:homosocial
562:See also:
496:Quintilian
413:tambourine
405:Asia Minor
403:Greeks of
231:girly girl
150:pretty boy
108:Effeminate
87:are often
43:traits in
33:Effeminacy
18:Effeminate
1722:1715-0698
1357:Happy Mag
1108:, p. 162.
926:Otokonoko
911:Kkonminam
901:Gynomorph
852:Androgyny
739:perceived
722:biologist
692:The term
584:niang pao
516:, in his
348:Aeschines
341:Amatorius
271:talk page
226:girly boy
158:girly boy
154:nancy boy
121:factitive
77:prejudice
1773:Archived
1590:, Boston
1580:Archived
1476:Wikinews
1199:ABC News
871:En femme
864:Bishōnen
845:See also
811:feminine
682:HIV/AIDS
550:Emperor
541:Belgians
417:cinaedus
409:tympanum
397:kinaidos
393:cinaedus
378:cinaedus
373:kinaidos
366:kinaidiā
337:Ambracia
333:Plutarch
265:You may
41:feminine
2069:Portals
824:cosplay
627:gay men
616:sissies
568:Gay men
558:Gay men
530:on the
525:In his
489:cinaedi
384:malakoi
343:768F).
238:History
216:tomgirl
204:effetus
186:roseboy
178:tomgirl
85:Gay men
2047:
1993:
1903:
1892:
1877:
1862:
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1743:
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1662:
1637:
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1518:, 2002
1162:. 67.4
1150:. 2.94
819:femboy
802:femboi
796:Femboy
755:Femboy
670:RuPaul
641:, and
631:closet
570:, and
507:Seneca
503:Cicero
477:goatee
473:bottom
460:Virgil
442:women.
435:Lucian
430:Erôtes
401:Ionian
313:Greece
221:tomboy
200:effete
192:, and
182:femboy
135:femina
129:(from
124:prefix
2142:Media
2095:LGBTQ
2009:Genre
1174:, I,1
1160:Epist
968:Notes
931:Queer
857:Bakla
643:swish
577:China
545:Gauls
346:When
212:fetus
173:pussy
167:sissy
162:molly
146:nelly
142:pansy
112:Latin
69:women
65:girls
57:roles
2217:Boys
2193:Data
2159:News
2045:ISBN
2035:and
1991:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1769:Vice
1741:ISBN
1718:ISSN
1685:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1588:Edge
1542:ISBN
1440:2010
876:Ergi
813:and
639:drag
635:camp
450:Rome
210:and
195:girl
190:baby
79:and
67:and
45:boys
1538:280
1148:Fin
815:boy
809:of
778:.
710:in
608:gay
458:In
411:or
324:by
208:ex-
127:ex-
49:men
47:or
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1767:.
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