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521:(now Kamalondo), south of the city centre and separated from the white city by a 700-metres-wide neutral zone. With population growth, new indigenous quarters were created. These still form the main suburbs of present-day Lubumbashi: Kenia, Katuba, and Ruashi. The work and businesses related to the mines made Élisabethville the most prosperous region of the Congo during the last decade of Belgian rule. In 1954, there were 8,000 black homeowners in the city while thousands more were skilled workers. It was estimated that black Africans living in Élisabethville had a higher standard of living than anywhere else on the continent at that time.
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had been acquired for the zoo. AZLU is keeping the zoo "for education purposes, and the protection of the natural heritage of the country," as it can be read on signs. Today, it has almost been restocked with lions, tigers, monkeys, apes, pelicans, wart hogs, crocodiles, snakes, turtles, monitor lizards, eagles, parrots, ostriches, gazelles, etc. Apart from animals, the zoo features a restaurant, a veterinary center, and a termite museum.
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1575:. Every two years, the Biennale of Lubumbashi is held across the city, showcasing works by artists from the region. In an interview in Ocula Magazine in 2019, the Biennale's artistic director, Sandrine Colard explained, 'The Congo is a country that is perpetually in the future. All of these different periods coalescing in one city is something I wanted to address.'
1590:"No Lubumbashi popular painter has had an international career like that of the Kinshasa artist Chéri Samba, and there are in fact a number of artists and musicians in Kinshasa whom the whirlwind of international success has whisked farther from local audiences than any artist in Lubumbashi, and not only in Lubumbashi but in the surrounding province of Katanga."
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548:(a centre not subject to customary law). It was administered by an indigenous council and presided over by an indigenous chief. But due to constant interference from the Belgian authorities, the experiment soon proved a failure. The first indigenous chief – Albert Kabongo – appointed in 1937, was dismissed in 1943 and not replaced.
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Zenith Radio, the first independent radio station in the city, started broadcasting in 1996; since then numerous radio and television stations have been established. They can be classified in three groups: religious channels (Zenith, RTIV, Canal de Vie, RNS, etc.), commercial channels (RTA, Mwangaza,
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The "Institut Français" (formally known as "Centre
Culturel Français"), located in the heart of the city, contributes a great deal to the cultural and artistic life of Lubumbashi. Students and researchers spend time in its library; it shows European and other French-language films; produces plays and
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In May 1990, the university campus of
Lubumbashi was the scene of a brutal killing of students by Mobutu's security forces. In 1991–92 ethnic tensions between the Luba from Katanga and the Luba from Kasaï, resident in the city, led to violent confrontations and the forced removal from the city of the
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proclaimed
Katangan independence in July 1960. Congolese leaders arrested him and charged him with treason in April 1961; however, he agreed to dismiss his foreign advisers and military forces in exchange for his release. Tshombe returned to Élisabethville but repudiated these assurances and began to
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The zoo of
Lubumbashi is one of the most visited tourist attractions. It was created during the colonial period, and is considered the most attractive zoo in the country. During the years of war, it deteriorated but it has been rehabilitated by AZLU, a non-profit organization. By 2007, great animals
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The 'black' Ligue de
Football du Elisabethville, now renamed the Ligue de Football du Lubumbashi, is the city's football tournament, organized since 1960 by the city's federation EFLU. FC Saint-Eloi Lupopo won the EFLU league 25 times in all up to 2003 being the most successful club in the seasons
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is likely the most famous
Katangese musician. Many of his songs have become classical, and are endlessly remixed by new young artists. Modern Lubumbashi singers fall into two groups: those who play Soukous, such as Jo Kizi and Képi Prince, and those who play international urban music, such as Ced
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Muyambo Kyasa popularized the concept of parks. Muyambo Park opened in 2010. Located about 15 km from
Lubumbashi, it is a large garden where children can play games, and adults relax. Other parks (or farms) include Mikembo and Futuka (once a reserve, now closed) on Kasenga Road in the city's
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When
Laurent-Désiré Kabila decided to appoint a transitional parliament, in 1999, he decided to install the Parliament in Lubumbashi, in order to consolidate the fragile unity of the country. The parliament was installed in the building of the National Assembly of secessionist Katanga (the former
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tournament was won by teams from
Lubumbashi every recorded season except 2005. Simultaneously three blacks-only regional tournaments were played in the country. In 1950, the 'black' Elisabethville Football Association (FASI, Fédérations et Associations Sportives Indigènes) had over 30 affiliated
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The city prospered with the development of a regional copper mining industry. Huge investments in the 1920s, both in the mining industry and in transport infrastructure (railline
Elisabethville-Port Francqui and Elisabethville-Dilolo), developed the Katanga province into one of the world's major
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Lubumbashi music is characterized by the use of many languages (Swahili, Lingala, Tshiluba, French and some English) in the lyrics. It is rare to hear songs composed in only one language. This code switching and mixing expresses the cosmopolitan character of the city, but some critics think it
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regime that the Belgians imposed on the population because of the "war efforts". A rally in the Union Minière football stadium got out of hand. Police opened fire and numerous protesters were killed. In early 1944, the city was again in the grip of severe tensions and fear of violent protests,
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RTNC (Congolese National Radio and Television) has a provincial station located in Lubumbashi district at the junction of Lubilanshi and Sandoa. It has been very influential from the 1960s to the mid-1990s, at the end of the one-party system, and before the information technology revolution.
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Until 1960, Congolese football was segregated between whites-only and blacks-only leagues and competitions. In 1911 the whites-only Ligue de Football du Katanga was founded in Elisabethville, organising in 1925 the first official local championship called the B. Smith Cup. The
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As was customary with European colonies, the city centre of Élisabethville was reserved for the minority white (European) population. This consisted mainly of Belgian nationals, but the city also attracted important British and Italian communities, as well as
420:, Lubumbashi is the center of mining in the region, acting as a hub for many of the country's largest mining companies. No definite population figures are available, but the population of the city's urban area is estimated to be around 2,584,000 in 2021.
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Lubumbashi, the mining capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is a base for many of the country's biggest mining companies. The Democratic Republic of Congo produces "more than 3 percent of the world's copper and half its
474:(CSK), a semi-private concessionary company set up in 1900, had its headquarters in Élisabethville throughout the colonial era. It enjoyed major privileges, mainly in terms of land and mining concessions, in the Katanga province.
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Before films, they both showed Congolese and international music videos, and US wrestling. The communication department of the University of Lubumbashi has collaborated with the movie theater to show students’ films.
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Both black and white tournaments in Lubumbashi and the country were played simultaneously until 1960, when they were unified. Since then the traditionally black clubs have dominated both local and national football.
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In 1957, Élisabethville was established as a fully autonomous city; it held the first free municipal elections in which the Congolese could vote. The people of Élisabethville gave a vast majority to the nationalist
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498:. Congolese were allowed in the white city only during the day, except for the house servants ("boys") who often lived in shanty dwellings ("boyeries") located in the backyards of the European city houses.
650:. On 23 March 2013 a militia group of 100 fighters attacked Lubumbashi and seized a United Nations compound, which was surrounded by Congolese soldiers and members of the president's Republican Guard.
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offered a wide range of educational facilities to Europeans and Congolese alike, including vocational training (Kafubu). The Belgians established the University of Élisabethville in 1954–1955 (now the
602:, well known for his published works on counter-insurgency warfare, served as a French military advisor to President Tshombe until international pressure, led by Belgium, caused his recall to France.
559:Élisabethville functioned as the administrative capital of the Katanga province. It was also an important commercial and industrial centre, and a centre of education and health services. The
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696:), with warm rainy summers and pleasant, dry winters, with most rainfall occurring during summer and early autumn. Annual average rainfall is 1,238 mm (48.75 inches).
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On 7 September 2010 a large prison break happened in Lubumbashi after gunmen attacked a prison on the outskirts of the city. 960 prisoners managed to escape, including the
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Starting in 1933, the Belgian colonial authorities experimented with a limited form of self-governance by establishing the cité indigène of Élisabethville as a so-called
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copper ore producers. The population of the city grew apace from approx. 30,000 in 1930, to 50,000 in 1943 and 180,000 in 1957. It was the second city of the
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Lubumbashi lies at around 1,208 m (3,963 ft) above sea level. The high altitude serves to cool the climate, which would otherwise be very hot. The
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ultimately assumed power of the Congo, which he renamed Zaïre. He renamed Élisabethville as "Lubumbashi" in 1966 and in 1972 renamed Katanga as "Shaba."
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weakens the lyrics, which seem to be particularly made for teenagers anyway. Serge Manseba and Karibyona are humorist-singers featured by G'Sparks.
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J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 777
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films are also, as in many other parts of the DRC and Africa, popular among the residents. These films are often sold on VCD and DVD platforms.
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Many men in the black population were labour immigrants from neighbouring regions in the Belgian Congo (Northern Katanga, Maniema, Kasaï), from
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1844:. TP Mazembe is the most successful club in national competitions and the most successful Congolese club in international football achieving 5
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Ciné Bétamax in particular also screens great football matches, and local singers’ concerts and Christian meetings are regularly held here.
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1521:, founded in 1955, with also the teaching institutions Protestant University of Lubumbashi and the Graduate Institute of Health Sciences.
1757:(1954–2022), Politician (Governor of Katanga, Minister of National Defense, Minister of Hydrocarbons, Member of Parliament) and Professor
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Ciné Bétamax, formerly "Ciné Palace" and "Ciné Eden", are the only modern movie theaters in the city which generally show popular recent
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1252:. As many people have moved into Lubumbashi for employment from rural areas, they have brought many other local languages including
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Adamatzky, Andrew. Bioevaluation of World Transport Networks. Singapure: World Scientific Publishing Co. September 2012. p. 39-44.
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city theatre), which had its capital in this city as well, in the 1960s. Lubumbashi was therefore the Legislative capital of the
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fight anew. United Nations troops opposed Katangan forces and took control of the city in December 1961 under a strong mandate.
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announced plans to construct a temple in Lubumbashi, its second temple in the country. There are also Muslim mosques.
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productions as well as NC-17 films. However, they also show movies about Congolese and African recent history like
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455:. This site was chosen by Vice-Governor-General Emile Wangermée because of its proximity to the copper mine of
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says that contemporary Lubumbashi art making is weak, especially when compared to the Kinshasan. He writes,
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Histoire des conditions de vie des travailleurs de l'Union Minière du Haut-Katanga et Gécamines, 1910–1999
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the cultural program of the radio. The whole country is informed of the cultural activities in the city.
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Top: British International School of Lubumbashi bottom left: Streets in urban Lubumbashi. Bottom right:
1366:, bricks, and copper smelting. The city is home to the Simba brewery, producing the famous Tembo beer.
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He names painters like Pilipili, Mwenze, Angali, Nkulu wa Nkulu, Maka, Tshimbumba, Dekab, and others.
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other shows in its theater; and features local singers’ records for sale on display at the entrance.
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451:. By that time, the government had taken over the colony from King Leopold II, and renamed it as the
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Lubumbashi serves as an important commercial and national industrial centre. Manufactures include
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443:(sometimes Elizabethville, both in French, or Elisabethstad in Dutch) in 1910, named in honour of
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Miners in Élisabethville conducted a strike in December 1941 to protest the increasingly severe
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1212:. The dialect of Kiswahili spoken all down the east side of Congo (including the provinces of
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from 1999 to 2003, when all the country's central institutions were brought back to Kinshasa.
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1970:"Lubumbashi: Assainissement des cimetières à l'occasion de la Journée Nationale des Parents"
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2181:"Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data"
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589:Élisabethville served as the capital and centre of the secessionist independent state of
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1797:(1939-2003) Politician (Deputy Minister of Mines and then Minister of Mines in the
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final. The Chairman of Mazembe is the former governor of the province of Katanga
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rises along the Zambian border near the city and meanders through north-central
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Benguela : les infrastructures ferroviaires au service de l’extractivisme
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The popular music from Kinshasa is much appreciated and played in Lubumbashi.
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Provincial capital and city in Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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The Belgian government established the modern-day government in the city of
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https://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/congo-kinshasa/lubumbashi.php
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and Kisanga. Kiswahili has been the chief language shared by most people.
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1918:
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412:, located in the country's southeasternmost part, along the border with
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The city hosts the headquarters of one of the country's largest banks,
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Football is the most popular sport in Lubumbashi. The city is home to
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The city serves as a distribution centre for such minerals as copper,
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2539:. 17 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007
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30:"Elisabethville" redirects here. For the Belgian ocean liner, see
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Congo entered another genocidal civil war in the late 1990s. The
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2475:"Congo-Kinshasa (DR Congo; formerly Zaire) - Regional Champions"
2144:, Elisabethville-Bruxelles: CEPSI-Institut Royal Colonial Belge.
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2031:"Congolese Militia Seizes UN Compound in Katanga's Lubumbashi"
1696:'s Lubumbashi presenters participate each Saturday evening in
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1739:(born 1992), NBA player currently with the Memphis Grizzlies
2272:"Prophet Announces Eight New Temples at General Conference"
27:
Second-largest city in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2155:"UN voices concern after mass prison outbreak in DR Congo"
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clubs competing in four leagues divided over 3 divisions.
1779:(born 1996), singer, rapper, songwriter, model, and artist
627:
spoke from Lubumbashi to declare himself president of the
2118:, Lubumbashi : Presses Universitaires de Lubumbashi.
617:
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
2508:"What's Your Deal? This month's guest: Bismack Biyombo"
513:). The black population lived initially in a so-called
556:, which demanded immediate independence from Belgium.
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on 17 May 1997 after Mobutu Sese Seko fled Kinshasa.
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1571:, and the regional archaeological and ethnological
1517:The largest institution of higher education is the
1444:Lubumbashi is the center of the railway lines from
676:, cutting a long, deep panhandle into the country.
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1873:for which records are known (some are not known).
2365:"Sandrine Colard on the 6th Lubumbashi Biennale"
190:Location in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2423:A Congo Chronicle: Patrice Lumumba in Urban Art
2066:, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019
1807:(born 1976) Politician and former professional
3407:Cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2425:. New York: The Museum for African Art. P 13.
1204:is the official language, but the main spoken
461:and the copper ore smelting oven installed by
3211:
3126:Établissement scolaire français Blaise-Pascal
2941:
2644:
1530:Établissement scolaire français Blaise-Pascal
8:
2909:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1448:, which serves as a link with the cities of
1428:(TAH 9), which connects it to the cities of
1314:Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo
375:
3186:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal
2105:Hamish Hamilton Ltd. London, 1955, page 640
1751:(1958–2008), Zaire international footballer
1330:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
390:
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3218:
3204:
3196:
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2334:. Investig'Action. 18 de dezembro de 2018.
2142:Le Centre Extra-Coutumier d’Elisabethville
1085:
699:
593:during the 1960–1963 Congolese civil war.
45:
3392:Populated places in Haut-Katanga Province
3081:Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lubumbashi
2573:Bibliography of the history of Lubumbashi
2090:The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910–1940
2344:Lubumbashi International Airport profile
1832:clubs of the top national level such as
1282:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lubumbashi
416:. The capital and principal city of the
1960:
1953:Democratic Republic of the Congo portal
1769:(born 1999), Basketball player for the
1373:. The area also has a daily newspaper.
1240:) and almost all the way across to the
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2443:"DR Congo (Zaire) - Katanga Champions"
2363:Balogun, Emmanuel (13 December 2019).
2077:De la mine à Mars, La genèse d'Umicore
1811:He spent most of his club career with
1791:(born 1978), hip hop artist and actor.
1688:
528:Lubumbashi Palace of Justice, c. 1920s
2455:from the original on 1 September 2018
2375:from the original on 16 December 2019
2243:from the original on 17 November 2018
2092:, Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.
2029:Michael J. Kavanagh (23 March 2013).
1993:
1991:
1386:, most of which comes from Katanga."
346:
321:
310:
289:
281:
265:
240:
7:
3397:Populated places established in 1910
3168:
2918:Provinces are shown between brackets
2157:. UN News Center. 7 September 2011.
2005:from the original on 28 January 2021
1689:Radio Okapi's cultural participation
1528:and the French international school
1326:World Communion of Reformed Churches
1302:Baptist Community of the Congo River
2114:Dibwe dia Mwembu, Donatien (2001),
2075:Brion, R. and J.-L. Moreau (2006),
2161:from the original on 22 April 2012
2037:from the original on 25 March 2013
1968:Pandi, Cynthiche (1 August 2024).
1771:Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball
1563:Attractions in the city include a
364:https://villedelubumbashi.gouv.cd/
177:
25:
2600:Historic map of the Belgian Congo
2533:"Villes de RD Congo – Lubumbashi"
2514:from the original on 23 June 2011
2278:from the original on 1 April 2021
2187:from the original on 29 June 2019
1763:(born 1965), Congolese journalist
1524:The Belgian international school
1495:Lubumbashi is home to the modern
658:Further information (in French):
489:The Belgian Quarter in Lubumbashi
435:Élisabethville under Belgian rule
294:747 km (288 sq mi)
286:747 km (288 sq mi)
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3179:
3167:
3119:
3114:École Privée Belge de Lubumbashi
3107:
3055:Lubumbashi International Airport
2961:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2665:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2353:. Aviation Safety Network. 2022.
1945:
1911:
1897:men's player of the year at the
1526:École Privée Belge de Lubumbashi
1497:Lubumbashi International Airport
1399:Lubumbashi International Airport
1276:in Lubumbashi are predominantly
1089:Maximum UV index for Lubumbashi
637:Democratic Republic of the Congo
629:Democratic Republic of the Congo
465:on the nearby Lubumbashi River.
410:Democratic Republic of the Congo
237:Democratic Republic of the Congo
176:
169:
142:
132:
109:
98:
89:
78:
2506:Rothbart, Davy (20 June 2011).
2487:from the original on 6 May 2018
2217:from the original on 7 May 2021
2131:, Lubumbashi: L'essor du Congo.
1709:National channel (RTNC/Katanga)
1621:SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines
1362:, food products and beverages,
1322:Presbyterian Community in Congo
579:Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral
323: • Urban density
122:Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral
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2984:
2624:: Human catastrophe in Katanga
2616:Market gardening in Lubumbashi
1785:(1958–2022), singer and dancer
660:List of communes of Lubumbashi
1:
3144:National Museum of Lubumbashi
3071:Stade Frederic Kibassa Maliba
2584:Bilingual site about the city
2404:Paris : Duculot. P 141.
1573:National Museum of Lubumbashi
962:Average rainfall mm (inches)
694:Köppen climate classification
463:Union Minière du Haut Katanga
449:King Albert I of the Belgians
2979:
1185:Source: weather2travel.com
703:Climate data for Lubumbashi
684:Lubumbashi has a dry-winter
623:in April 1997. Rebel leader
302:1,208 m (3,963 ft)
273:Joyce Tunda Kazadi (imterim)
1901:, is also from Lubumbashi.
892:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
752:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
326:3,500/km (9,000/sq mi)
3423:
3402:Capitals of former nations
3040:Coat of arms of Lubumbashi
2994:
2570:
2402:Qui a tué Patrice Lumumba?
1656:Koncept, Tshumani, M-Joe,
1294:Baptist Community of Congo
1184:
1088:
1075:
702:
657:
537:following a mutiny of the
503:Belgian Rwanda and Burundi
427:
29:
3164:
3033:
2967:
2916:
2902:
2671:
2557:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2315:. Rhodesian Study Circle.
2211:facultystaff.richmond.edu
1846:Africa's Champions League
1680:French cultural influence
1475:, the city connects with
1354:Storefronts in Lubumbashi
1328:). On April 5, 2020, the
1031:
961:
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686:humid subtropical climate
471:Comité Spécial du Katanga
404:)) is the second-largest
198:
164:
156:
128:
72:
65:
55:
3097:University of Lubumbashi
2421:Jewsiewicki, B. (1999).
2330:1 September 2022 at the
2127:Rubens, Antoine (1945),
1519:University of Lubumbashi
1512:University of Lubumbashi
1345:Commercial Bank of Congo
569:University of Lubumbashi
3176:at Wikimedia Commons .
2587:(in English and French)
2062:8 November 2021 at the
1974:Journal de Kinshasa.com
1745:(born 1998), Footballer
1424:The city is crossed by
57:Provincial capital and
3041:
2910:
2183:. weather2travel.com.
2088:Fetter, Bruce (1976),
2079:, Tielt : Lannoo.
1899:University of Kentucky
1592:
1514:
1426:Transafrican Highway 9
1401:
1355:
1347:
1306:Baptist World Alliance
1298:Baptist World Alliance
581:
546:centre extra-coutumier
541:(army) in Luluabourg.
529:
490:
482:, after Léopoldville.
430:Timeline of Lubumbashi
391:
376:
34:. For other uses, see
3232:Haut-Katanga Province
3102:International schools
3039:
2908:
2887:(Kasaï Oriental)
2611:Lubumbashi population
2592:Site about Lubumbashi
2311:20 April 2021 at the
2306:Cape to Cairo Railway
2140:Grévisse, F. (1951),
1933:Capture of Lubumbashi
1889:are from Lubumbashi.
1799:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
1588:
1510:
1446:Cape to Cairo Railway
1397:
1353:
1343:
648:Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga
625:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
577:
527:
488:
428:Further information:
418:Haut-Katanga Province
218:11.66417°S 27.48278°E
2602:including Lubumbashi
1999:"PopulationStat.com"
1895:2022 NCAA Division I
1854:Moïse Katumbi Chapwe
1834:FC Saint Eloi Lupopo
1749:Albert Kanta Kambala
1718:Independent channels
1536:Urban infrastructure
1268:Religious expression
585:Lubumbashi from 1960
554:Alliance des Bakongo
3239:Cities and communes
2349:2 June 2022 at the
1881:Basketball players
1850:FIFA Club World Cup
1777:Lous and the Yakuza
1584:Bogumił Jewsiewicki
1371:Trust Merchant Bank
1032:Average rainy days
822:Daily mean °C (°F)
692:, according to the
621:captured Lubumbashi
505:, and from British
341:Central Africa Time
223:-11.66417; 27.48278
214: /
67:Ville de Lubumbashi
3042:
2911:
1515:
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1356:
1348:
1318:Anglican Communion
1290:Kimbanguist Church
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565:Order of Salesians
530:
491:
291: • Urban
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3373:
3329:
3328:
3193:
3192:
2923:
2922:
2237:"Fancy fountain!"
1653:Jean-Bosco Mwenda
1532:are in the city.
1310:Assemblies of God
1274:places of worship
1208:in Lubumbashi is
1189:
1188:
1140:Ultraviolet index
1083:
1082:
561:Benedictine Order
507:Northern Rhodesia
369:
368:
283: • Land
32:SS Elisabethville
16:(Redirected from
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3155:Katanga Business
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2274:. 5 April 2020.
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2129:Dettes de guerre
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1948:
1916:
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1893:, the consensus
1755:Aimé Ngoy Mukena
1628:Tears of the Sun
1615:Sniper: Reloaded
1565:botanical garden
1485:Benguela railway
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2064:Wayback Machine
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1910:
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1887:Bismack Biyombo
1879:
1848:and reaching a
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1789:Baloji (rapper)
1737:Bismack Biyombo
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600:Roger Trinquier
587:
563:and missionary
519:Quartier Albert
458:Etoile du Congo
445:Queen Elisabeth
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374:(former names:
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2851:(Haut‑Katanga)
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2579:
2578:External links
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2568:
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2434:
2414:
2386:
2369:Ocula Magazine
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2263:
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2120:
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2103:Inside Africa,
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2016:
1987:
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1891:Oscar Tshiebwe
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1817:
1816:
1815:
1805:Robert Kidiaba
1802:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1767:Oscar Tshiebwe
1764:
1761:Freddy Mulongo
1758:
1752:
1746:
1743:Grady Diangana
1740:
1732:
1731:Notable people
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18:Elisabethville
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2788:(Haut-Lomami)
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2725:(Nord-Ubangi)
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2510:. Grantland.
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2431:0-945802-25-0
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2410:2-8011-0979-7
2407:
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2398:Kestergat, J.
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2394:Brassinne, J.
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508:
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199:Coordinates:
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159:L'shi – Lubum
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2779:(Tanganyika)
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2734:(Sud-Ubangi)
2622:The Guardian
2621:
2606:GigaCatholic
2567:Bibliography
2541:. Retrieved
2516:. Retrieved
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2478:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2422:
2417:
2401:
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2368:
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2055:Britannica,
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2007:. Retrieved
1978:. Retrieved
1973:
1963:
1917:
1883:Myck Kabongo
1880:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1838:CS Don Bosco
1827:
1783:Tshala Muana
1721:
1712:
1698:"métissage,"
1697:
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1403:
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1271:
1244:border with
1236:and Eastern
1200:
689:
683:
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371:
370:
248:Haut-Katanga
66:
40:
3334:Territories
2761:(Haut-Uele)
2743:(Nord-Kivu)
2595:(in French)
2247:17 December
2221:17 December
2165:8 September
1980:6 September
1976:(in French)
1905:Sister city
1801:government)
1694:Radio Okapi
1670:World Music
1662:Fally Ipupa
1658:RJ Kanierra
1546:outskirts.
666:Kafue River
221: /
3387:Lubumbashi
3381:Categories
3304:Communes:
3282:Lubumbashi
3255:Communes:
3247:Lubumbashi
3173:Lubumbashi
3149:TP Mazembe
2957:Lubumbashi
2883:Mbuji-Mayi
2878:(Équateur)
2847:Lubumbashi
2716:(Bas-Uele)
2698:(Sud-Kivu)
2571:See also:
2379:1 February
2207:"Kingwana"
2057:Lubumbashi
2009:21 January
1939:References
1877:Basketball
1842:TP Mazembe
1813:TP Mazembe
1809:footballer
1666:Ferré Gola
1639:Nigeria's
1609:Mister Bob
1272:Religious
1248:is called
1232:, Western
1218:South Kivu
1214:North Kivu
1192:Demography
372:Lubumbashi
307:Population
262:Government
209:27°28′58″E
206:11°39′51″S
184:Lubumbashi
50:Lubumbashi
3262:Kamalondo
3249:(capital)
3090:Education
3064:Landmarks
3048:Transport
3010:Transport
2990:Geography
2985:Education
2975:Buildings
2860:(Sankuru)
2842:(Mongala)
2833:(Lualaba)
2820:Kisangani
2815:(Maniema)
2721:Gbadolite
2689:(Tshuapa)
2661:provinces
1922:, Belgium
1641:Nollywood
1604:Hollywood
1503:Education
1390:Transport
1278:Christian
1210:Kiswahili
1197:Languages
654:Geography
337:UTC+02:00
332:Time zone
318:2,584,000
299:Elevation
3321:Tshituru
3267:Kampemba
3028:Timeline
2892:Tshikapa
2874:Mbandaka
2824:(Tshopo)
2806:(Kwango)
2770:(Lomami)
2676:Bandundu
2553:cite web
2512:Archived
2485:Archived
2453:Archived
2400:(1991).
2373:Archived
2347:Archived
2328:Archived
2309:Archived
2276:Archived
2241:Archived
2215:Archived
2185:Archived
2159:Archived
2060:Archived
2041:23 March
2035:Archived
2003:Archived
1927:See also
1830:football
1824:Football
1795:Frédéric
1364:printing
1360:textiles
1250:Kingwana
1242:Katangan
1230:Oriental
1138:Average
1076:Source:
612:latter.
243:Province
3366:Sakania
3356:Mitwaba
3351:Kipushi
3346:Kasenga
3341:Kambove
3137:Culture
3022:History
2980:Economy
2896:(Kasaï)
2856:Lusambo
2829:Kolwezi
2793:Kananga
2775:Kalemie
2766:Kabinda
2707:(Ituri)
2680:(Kwilu)
2663:of the
2518:22 June
2282:7 April
2191:29 June
1862:Katanga
1559:Culture
1477:Kolwezi
1462:Sakania
1434:Kolwezi
1336:Economy
1226:Katanga
1222:Maniema
1027:(48.9)
1022:(10.1)
972:(10.1)
967:(10.0)
887:(67.9)
857:(61.7)
852:(61.7)
842:(68.9)
680:Climate
672:to the
646:leader
644:Mai-Mai
619:rebels
591:Katanga
517:called
424:History
408:in the
360:Website
349:Climate
254:Founded
234:Country
3316:Likasi
3311:Kikula
3297:Likasi
3287:Rwashi
3272:Katuba
3257:Annexe
3000:People
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2865:Matadi
2858:
2849:
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2831:
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2723:
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2687:
2685:Boende
2678:
2491:24 May
2459:24 May
2429:
2408:
1819:Sports
1598:Cinema
1481:Lobito
1430:Lusaka
1406:cobalt
1384:cobalt
1377:Mining
1258:Chokwe
1254:Kiluba
1246:Angola
1202:French
1094:Month
1017:(6.4)
1012:(1.5)
1007:(0.2)
992:(0.0)
987:(0.2)
982:(2.4)
977:(8.0)
708:Month
670:Zambia
511:Zambia
414:Zambia
382:French
3361:Pweto
3306:Panda
3277:Kenya
3005:Sport
2995:Media
2811:Kindu
2802:Kenge
2757:Isiro
2703:Bunia
2543:9 May
2537:MONUC
2480:RSSSF
2448:RSSSF
1919:Liège
1773:team.
1725:Nyota
1704:Media
1647:Music
1541:Parks
1473:Tenke
1466:Ndola
1458:Tenke
1454:Kindu
1450:Ilebo
1262:Bemba
1238:Kasai
1234:Kasai
1180:10.8
1133:Year
1025:1,238
957:(55)
952:(61)
947:(61)
942:(59)
937:(54)
932:(48)
927:(46)
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314:Urban
269:Mayor
2739:Goma
2712:Buta
2559:link
2545:2016
2520:2011
2493:2018
2461:2018
2427:ISBN
2406:ISBN
2396:and
2381:2020
2284:2020
2249:2017
2223:2017
2193:2019
2167:2011
2043:2013
2011:2021
1982:2024
1885:and
1840:and
1668:and
1625:and
1567:, a
1479:and
1464:and
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1432:and
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1109:May
1106:Apr
1103:Mar
1100:Feb
1097:Jan
1071:126
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840:20.5
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741:Nov
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726:Jun
723:May
720:Apr
717:Mar
714:Feb
711:Jan
468:The
406:city
278:Area
257:1910
148:Seal
138:Flag
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