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451:. The elevation of the gorge is approximately 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) above sea level. The village of Erkeshtam is situated about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the Kyrgyz-Chinese border. Both Erkeshtam and the village of Simuhana, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) on the Chinese side of the border, are situated along the river
691:
On May 20, 2002, Erkeshtam Port was officially opened. In 2002, the border post processed 8,071 travelers, 7,066 vehicles and 76,000 tons of cargo. In 2008, Erkeshtam processed 58,900 travelers and 520,000 tons of cargo. In
December 2011, the customs office on the Chinese side of the border was
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In the territory of the Sakai there rises the already mentioned mountain region of the
Komedai – the ascent to this mountain region of Sogdiana lies at 125° / 43°, the position of its terminal point near the ravine of the Komedai is at 130° / 39°; the so-called Stone Tower lies at 135° / 43°.
478:
Valleys to the west and north. On the Kyrgyz side of the border, the A371 road (now EM-05) goes west first over the
Erkeshtam Pass (3,005 m) and then over the old Taunmurun (a.k.a. Taukmurun and Tongmurun) Pass (3,536 m) or now the New Silk Road Pass (3,760 m) into the Alay Valley. At
696:, which is about 1,000 m lower in elevation. In the first eleven months of 2013, 39,045 travelers, 32,554 vehicles and 464,00 tons of goods passed through the Erkeshtam Border Crossing, which ranked fourth among border crossings in Xinjiang by the tonnage of goods processed.
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1122:. Ostiran und Zentralasien. Teil I. Containing Greek and Latin texts. Translated and annotated in German with English translation by Italo Ronca. Instituto Italiano per il medio ed estremo Oriente. Rome 1971.
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and China. On July 21, 1997, the border crossing was opened on a temporary basis. On
January 26, 1998, the border crossing was officially opened. Russian troops were stationed at the post until 1999.
547:
Erkeshtam, being located at the natural dividing line between major geographic and cultural regions, has been an important border control point for millennia. It was known during the
392:. The border crossing is also called Simuhana (斯姆哈纳), after the first settlement on the Chinese side of the border, but Erkeshtam is now the more common name used in both countries.
626:
where
Ptolemy gives the coordinates for the Stone Tower is given below (it was under the control of Sai or Sakai people, and the Komedai referred to is probably the Alai Valley):
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507:. From the border till Kansu the road is labeled G581 and connects in Ulugqat to the G30, with 4,243 km Chinas longest expressway up to the Pacific Ocean.
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rebels in 1931. Before 1952, Erkeshtam was a trading port between China and the Soviet Union. For decades , the
Erkeshtam Border Crossing was closed due to
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China in
Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty
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Through the Jade Gate - China to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han
Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. Volumes I & II
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Erkeshtam is the westernmost border crossing in China. It is one of two border crossings between
Kyrgyzstan and China, the other being
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During Soviet times, the border post was named in honor of Andrei
Bescennov, a frontier guard, who was killed in a clash with the
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668:'s Soviet-backed government in Xinjiang. Ma Zhongying also left Xinjiang for the Soviet Union via Erkeshtam.
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and retreated via Erkeshtam, where he signed an agreement that dissolved the ETR and pledged support for
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622:. Ptolemy specifically stated that the Hormeterium lay 5 degrees further east. The passage in the
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took control of Central Asia, the horse path from Osh to Erkestam was developed in 1893.
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From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
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Erkeshtam is thought to be the Hormeterium (merchants' station) by historians which
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relocated to a larger facility about 100 km to the east, outside the town of
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Erkeshtam Border Crossing is located about 230 kilometres (140 mi) west of
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The Stone Tower : Ptolemy, the Silk Road, and a 2,000-year-old Riddle
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The Erkeshtam Border Crossing controls the main trade routes between the
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The Stone Tower: Ptolemy, the Silk Road, and a 2,000-Year-Old Riddle
1092:. John E. Hill. CreateSpace, Charleston, South Carolina. Volume I:
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1080:: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.
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Trucks waiting to cross into China in the village of Erkeshtam
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and followed "the water and pastures" and kept close to the "
858:. Delhi: Penguin Viking. pp. 134–36 (Map 4), 148, 151.
491:(elevation 3,615 metres (11,860 ft) to Osh and the
419:
Map including Irkeshtam and surrounding region from the
539:
On Mondays and Tuesdays, a bus runs through the pass.
917:
Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History
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Parts from broken vehicles on Kyrgyz side of border
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524:to Kashgar, China, passes through Erkeshtam. The
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713:, westernmost township of China; near Erkeshtam
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1111:Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979.
888:
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431:, 250 kilometres (160 mi) southeast of
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2087:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
1711:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
1177:
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1062:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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583:'Tax Control'). According to the
555:era (2nd third of the 3rd century CE) as
495:. On the Chinese side of the border, the
435:and 550 kilometres (340 mi) east of
401:
1290:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
1072:The Peoples of the West from the Weilüe
742:
723:
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487:highway, which leads north through the
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1242:Chief Official of the Western Regions
1082:Draft annotated English translation.
461:Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture
318:
7:
2144:
1329:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
914:Clarke, Michael E. (March 8, 2011).
1237:Protectorate of the Western Regions
593:race, who wore the clothing of the
274:
2082:East Turkistan Government in Exile
1890:2014 China–Vietnam border shootout
497:G3013 Kashgar–Irkeshtam Expressway
14:
2912:China–Kyrgyzstan border crossings
822:Hill (2004), notes 9.18 and 9.19.
483:, the A371 (now EM-05) meets the
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1589:Xinjiang Agricultural University
1132:
797:"Thorn Tree is coming to an end"
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215:
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58:
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30:Chinese border post at Erkeshtam
24:
1915:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
1084:Weilue: The Peoples of the West
376:, is a border crossing between
282:
244:Place in Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan
2897:Populated places in Osh Region
1835:September 2009 Xinjiang unrest
1459:Second East Turkestan Republic
1413:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1145:Satellite map at Maplandia.com
421:International Map of the World
1:
2907:Mountain passes of Kyrgyzstan
1727:Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb
1454:First East Turkestan Republic
1381:Dzungar conquest of Altishahr
1120:Ptolemaios. Geographie 6,9-21
844:Hulsewé (1979), pp. 105, 139.
831:It must not be confused with
648:First East Turkestan Republic
612:writes about in his treatise
199:Show map of Southern Xinjiang
1880:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
1865:Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554
1423:Holy War of the Seven Khojas
894:"Irkeshtam Pass, Kyrgyzstan"
646:, the titular leader of the
333:3,005 m (9,859 ft)
2902:Mountain passes of Xinjiang
1905:Assassination of Juma Tayir
1594:Xinjiang Medical University
1008:中国伊尔克什坦口岸进出口货物量超46万吨 Xinhua
2928:
2109:China–Kyrgyzstan relations
2104:China–Kazakhstan relations
1471:People's Republic of China
2892:Sites along the Silk Road
2871:List of gaps in Hong Kong
2861:
2199:
2127:
1910:Xinjiang internment camps
1193:
950:(in Simplified Chinese).
946:Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003).
930:– via Google Books.
878:Ronca (1971): p. 38, 108.
564:
289:
266:
258:
238:
172:
23:
2193:Mountain passes of China
2114:China–Pakistan relations
1895:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
1875:June 2013 Shanshan riots
1805:1997 Ürümqi bus bombings
1566:Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
947:
920:. Taylor & Francis.
503:and the Tarim Basin via
1870:April 2013 Bachu unrest
1690:Chinese Islamic cuisine
706:China–Kyrgyzstan border
2119:China–Turkey relations
1900:May 2014 Ürümqi attack
1830:July 2009 Ürümqi riots
1435:Reconquest of Xinjiang
1295:Four Garrisons of Anxi
1115:. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
672:Modern border crossing
633:
455:. Simuhana belongs to
424:
407:
229:Show map of Kyrgyzstan
2099:World Uyghur Congress
2092:Independence movement
2062:Migration to Xinjiang
1855:Pishan hostage crisis
1088:Hill, John E. (2015)
650:(ETR) was driven out
628:
536:, ends at Erkeshtam.
470:to the east, and the
418:
405:
1850:2011 Kashgar attacks
1795:1992 Ürümqi bombings
1747:Grand Bazaar, Ürümqi
1526:Gurbantünggüt Desert
1302:Beiting Protectorate
1141:at Wikimedia Commons
1070:Hill, John E. 2004.
813:Hill (2009), p. 169.
750:克州史志办 (2007-10-05).
2036:Ghulam Osman Yaghma
1885:2014 Kunming attack
1860:2012 Yecheng attack
1820:2008 Kashgar attack
1720:Visitor attractions
1584:Xinjiang University
1546:Karakoram Mountains
1418:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1324:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1030:Dean, Riaz (2022).
854:Dean, Riaz (2022).
760:Government Website)
528:, originating from
153: /
2866:Landforms of China
2493:
2202:Geography of China
1815:2008 Uyghur unrest
1810:2007 Xinjiang raid
1785:1989 Ürümqi unrest
1632:Tocharian clothing
1013:2014-04-21 at the
758:Kizilsu Prefecture
526:European route E60
516:, which runs from
425:
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41:2,950 m (9,678 ft)
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2728:Kirgizjangal Pass
2584:
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2159:
2158:
2072:Chinese Turkestan
1845:2011 Hotan attack
1840:2010 Aksu bombing
1825:Shaoguan incident
1777:Xinjiang conflict
1732:Flaming Mountains
1622:Meshrep gathering
1541:Turpan Depression
1536:Taklamakan Desert
1520:Southern Xinjiang
1476:PRC incorporation
1442:Republic of China
1386:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1249:Kingdom of Khotan
1137:Media related to
1041:978-0-670-09362-5
898:www.advantour.com
784:口岸下迁，迎接边贸大发展 解放军报
756:www.xjkz.gov.cn (
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453:Eastern Kyzyl-Suu
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1391:Dzungar genocide
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1314:Uyghur Khaganate
1254:Sixteen Kingdoms
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1034:. New York, NY.
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1986:Saifuddin Azizi
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1800:Ghulja incident
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1706:Cotton industry
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1551:Altai Mountains
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1376:Dzungar Khanate
1371:Yarkent Khanate
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983:"伊尔克什坦陆运（公路）口岸"
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958:. p. 196.
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2524:
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2511:
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2500:
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2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Karakoram Pass
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2362:Khunjerab Pass
2358:
2356:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2264:Irkeshtam Pass
2261:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2128:
2125:
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2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
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2084:
2079:
2077:East Turkestan
2074:
2069:
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2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:Zhang Chunxian
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:Ehmetjan Qasim
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Jahangir Khoja
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
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1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
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1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Barin uprising
1787:
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1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
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1759:
1754:
1749:
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1612:Doppa Festival
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1449:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1430:General of Ili
1427:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1410:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1366:Turpan Khanate
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:Tibetan Empire
1306:
1305:
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1297:
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1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:Irkeshtam Pass
1147:
1142:
1128:
1127:External links
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:Ronca, Italo.
1116:
1109:
1106:978-1503384620
1098:978-1500696702
1086:
1068:
1040:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:
999:
986:
971:
964:
933:
926:
903:
880:
871:
865:978-0670093625
864:
846:
837:
824:
815:
806:
788:
772:
741:
739:
736:
733:
732:
722:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
708:
701:
698:
682:poor relations
673:
670:
637:Tsarist Russia
553:Three Kingdoms
544:
541:
457:Ulugqat County
412:
409:
345:
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316:
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239:
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223:Irkeshtam Pass
222:
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213:
207:
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204:
193:Irkeshtam Pass
192:
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184:
183:
177:
176:
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137:
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121:
115:
114:
89:
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84:
47:
43:
42:
39:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
19:Irkeshtam Pass
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2924:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
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2889:
2887:
2872:
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2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2798:Tanggula Pass
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2755:
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2735:
2732:
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2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:(Shanhaiguan)
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:Pingxing Pass
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:Jingxing Pass
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2557:
2551:
2550:Isu Razi Pass
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Lipulekh Pass
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2384:
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2355:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2312:
2306:
2305:Nezatash Pass
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2276:
2270:
2269:Torugart Pass
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2214:
2211:
2209:On the border
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
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2110:
2107:
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2100:
2097:
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2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:Uyghur people
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Salih Hudayar
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Rebiya Kadeer
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
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1967:
1966:Sabit Damolla
1964:
1962:
1959:
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1954:
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1752:Id Kah Mosque
1750:
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1531:Kumtag Desert
1529:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:Junggar Basin
1504:
1502:
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1477:
1474:
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1469:
1465:
1464:Ili Rebellion
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:Xinjiang Wars
1445:
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1398:Kumul Khanate
1396:
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1342:
1341:Mongol Empire
1339:
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1100:; Volume II:
1099:
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1077:
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1028:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:伊尔克什坦百年口岸喜迁新址
990:
987:
984:
978:
976:
972:
967:
965:7-228-08004-1
961:
957:
953:
942:
940:
938:
934:
929:
927:9781136827068
923:
919:
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904:
899:
895:
889:
887:
885:
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867:
861:
857:
850:
847:
841:
838:
834:
828:
825:
819:
816:
810:
807:
802:
801:Lonely Planet
798:
792:
789:
785:
779:
777:
773:
761:
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753:
746:
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737:
727:
724:
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562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
540:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
511:Asian Highway
508:
506:
502:
499:runs east to
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
473:
469:
464:
463:of Xinjiang.
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
422:
417:
410:
404:
400:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
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359:
355:
351:
342:
340:
332:
325:
322:
315:
304:
293:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
237:
211:
181:
171:
166:
138:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
101:
90:
86:
83:
74:
70:
65:
56:
48:
44:
40:
38:
34:
27:
22:
17:
2844:Lazikou Pass
2834:Jianmen Pass
2647:Shanhai Pass
2636:Niangzi Pass
2621:Huangya Pass
2473:Spanggur Gap
2377:Mustagh Pass
2372:Mintaka Pass
2331:Wakhjir Pass
2148:
2136:
2041:Rahile Dawut
2026:Sattar Sawut
1971:Sheng Shicai
1956:Yang Zengxin
1951:Zuo Zongtang
1757:Karakul Lake
1737:Jiaohe ruins
1403:Qing dynasty
1346:Yuan dynasty
1285:Tang dynasty
1119:
1112:
1089:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1031:
1002:
989:
916:
897:
874:
855:
849:
840:
832:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
764:. Retrieved
762:(in Chinese)
755:
745:
726:
690:
686:Soviet Union
684:between the
675:
666:Sheng Shicai
662:Ma Zhongying
641:
634:
629:
623:
614:
607:
584:
572:
556:
546:
538:
509:
465:
459:, under the
426:
394:
365:
353:
349:
348:
162:39.68; 73.91
46:Traversed by
2839:Kunlun Pass
2739:Muzart Pass
2658:Yanmen Pass
2631:Juyong Pass
2443:Kongka Pass
2403:Bum La Pass
2323:Afghanistan
2016:Ilham Tohti
2006:Wang Lequan
1762:Kizil Caves
1516:Tarim Basin
1356:Moghulistan
1336:Qara Khitai
1232:Han dynasty
644:Khoja Niyaz
620:Stone Tower
599:Ts'ung-ling
586:Book of Han
549:Han dynasty
489:Taldyk Pass
468:Tarim Basin
283:Йиркәшынтан
160: /
135:Coordinates
124:Pamir Range
2886:Categories
2829:Hulao Pass
2824:Hangu Pass
2744:Sanju Pass
2734:Mazar Pass
2690:(Tongguan)
2682:Dasan Pass
2663:Yumen Pass
2616:Jiayu Pass
2598:Great Wall
2545:Diphu Pass
2423:Indira Col
2418:Dongkha La
2413:Diphu Pass
2367:Kilik Pass
2300:Kulma Pass
2295:Beyik Pass
2287:Tajikistan
2259:Bedel Pass
2251:Kyrgyzstan
2225:Kazakhstan
1961:Jin Shuren
1767:Niya ruins
1685:Tunurkawab
1217:Tocharians
1076:by Yu Huan
1050:1317696314
1024:References
1017:2014-01-02
1006:(Chinese)
997:2011-12-09
993:(Chinese)
981:(Chinese)
786:2009-07-11
782:(Chinese)
766:2017-02-02
569:Wade–Giles
522:Uzbekistan
447:meets the
441:Tajikistan
390:Osh Region
378:Kyrgyzstan
366:Erkech-Tam
324:Osh Region
314:Kyrgyzstan
275:ئەركېچ-تام
100:Kyrgyzstan
2814:Biandukou
2788:North Col
2778:Lhagba La
2763:Cherko la
2718:Hindutash
2688:Tong Pass
2684:(Sanguan)
2673:Guanzhong
2653:Yang Pass
2606:Dajingmen
2519:South Col
2514:Nangpa La
2478:Tulung La
2468:Shipki La
2463:Rezang La
2453:Mana Pass
2438:Kepang La
2067:Altishahr
1996:Nur Bekri
1981:Wang Zhen
1946:Yaqub Beg
1576:Education
1510:Dzungaria
1501:Tian Shan
1488:Geography
1408:Qing rule
1139:Erkeshtam
1058:cite book
752:"伊尔克什坦口岸"
738:Footnotes
642:In 1934,
624:Geography
615:Geography
481:Sary-Tash
445:Tian Shan
354:Irkeshtam
352:, called
350:Erkeshtam
339:Time zone
330:Elevation
259:Эркеч-Там
251:Erkeshtam
128:Tian Shan
37:Elevation
2849:Mei Pass
2783:Mayum La
2773:Lanak La
2768:Laken La
2730:(Heiqia)
2713:Dehra La
2704:Xinjiang
2611:Gubeikou
2458:Nathu La
2428:Jelep La
2354:Pakistan
2138:Category
1931:Amursana
1742:Gaochang
1675:Pamirdin
1361:Kara Del
1264:Göktürks
1259:Gaochang
1186:Xinjiang
1011:Archived
700:See also
678:Basmachi
574:chüan-tu
551:and the
476:Ferghana
437:Dushanbe
411:Location
397:Torugart
382:Xinjiang
88:Location
2793:Semo La
2694:Wu Pass
2596:On the
2568:Vietnam
2537:Myanmar
2150:Commons
2050:Related
1936:Mingrui
1699:Economy
1670:Youtazi
1650:Dapanji
1642:Cuisine
1604:Culture
1276:Eastern
1272:Western
1227:Xiongnu
1209:History
1200:capital
956:新疆人民出版社
694:Ulugqat
659:warlord
654:by the
652:Kashgar
610:Ptolemy
561:Chinese
543:History
505:Ulugqat
501:Kashgar
429:Kashgar
358:Chinese
302:Country
263:Chinese
148:73°55′E
145:39°41′N
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2504:Korala
2408:Cho La
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2001:Li Zhi
1924:People
1660:Sangza
1496:Cities
1280:Second
1222:Yuezhi
1196:Ürümqi
1188:topics
1104:
1096:
1048:
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962:
952:Ürümqi
948:地名中的新疆
924:
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833:Juandu
635:After
571::
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557:Juandu
534:France
518:Termez
423:(1966)
374:Kyrgyz
370:Uyghur
362:Dungan
343:UTC +6
320:Region
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271:Uyghur
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2807:Other
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2496:Nepal
2395:India
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1617:Music
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718:Notes
711:Jigin
595:Wusun
530:Brest
386:China
364:, or
267:伊尔克什坦
119:Range
112:China
82:G3013
2756:area
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1278:and
1102:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1064:link
1046:OCLC
1036:ISBN
960:ISBN
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860:ISBN
580:lit.
514:AH65
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1056:{{
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577:;
567:;
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