3905:
601:, which became one of the largest oil industry firms in Russia), the Adamov Brothers (of A. Y. Adamoff Brothers; M. Adamoff, the eldest of the brothers, went on to become one of the wealthiest men in Baku), and A. Tsaturyan, G. Tumayan and G. Arapelyan, who were proprietors of A. Tsaturov & Co., which was later bought out by Mantashev. Around 1888, out of the 54 oil companies in Baku, only two major oil companies were Azeri owned. Out of the 162 oil refineries, 73 were Azeri owned but only seven of them had more than fifteen workers.
355:
3883:
613:
98:
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Armenian efforts to stay neutral and be ready only for self-defence, soon a decision was made to join the forces with the
Bolsheviks to resist the Muslim military attack. The fighting resulted in the victory of the Armenian-Bolshevik coalition, which left thousands of casualties from both sides, among which many were Muslims (3000 according to the estimates of Shaumian, and 12000 according to the Azerbaijani sources).
3792:
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589:, the A. I. Mantashev and Co. ultimately merged with several other Russian companies to form the Russian General Oil Company (OIL) in 1912. OIL eventually bought several oil production companies in Baku, including Mirzoev Brothers and Co., A. S. Melikov and Co., the Shikhovo (A. Tsaturyan, G. Tsovianyan, K. and D. Bikhovsky, L. Leytes), I. E. Pitoev and Co., Krasilnikov Brothers, Aramazd and others.
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784:(near the Mughan hotel). Connected by tram lines with the coastal part of Baku, Ermenikend quickly became one of the main parts of the city. With the influx of many other nationalities and with the dispersal of the Armenian community to other districts of the city, the district lost this distinction and the nickname gradually disappeared.
555:
542:, which broke out on 12 January 1990, lasted for seven days during which many Armenians were beaten, tortured or murdered, and their apartments were raided, robbed or burned, resulting in the flight of almost all of the Armenians from the city and marked the effective end of the Armenian community of Baku.
545:
Non-official sources estimate that the number of
Armenians living on Azerbaijani territory outside Nagorno-Karabakh is around 2,000 to 3,000, and almost exclusively comprises persons married to Azeris or of mixed Armenian-Azeri descent. The number of Armenians who are likely not married to Azeris and
546:
are not of mixed
Armenian-Azeri descent are estimated at 645 (36 men and 609 women) and more than half (378 or 59 per cent of Armenians in Azerbaijan outside Nagorno-Karabakh) live in Baku and the rest in rural areas. They are likely to be elderly and sick, and probably have no other family members.
479:
Following the
Sovietisation of Azerbaijan, Armenians managed to reestablish a large and vibrant community in Baku made up of skilled professionals, craftsmen and intelligentsia and integrated into the political, economic and cultural life of Azerbaijan. The community grew steadily in part due to the
662:
There were three
Armenian churches in Baku, but they were demolished or closed down following the establishment of Soviet power in 1920. The Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Cathedral, built in 1906–1907, was destroyed in the 1930s, as part of Stalin's atheist policies. The Church of the Holy Virgin,
768:
The former suburb
Ermenikend has been transformed into a model town consisting exclusively of new blocks. Several famed Constructivist architects worked on the Ermenikend model village, which started in 1925. The settlement became part, with the steady expansion of the city of Baku. Officially the
487:
The mainly-Armenian populated quarter of Baku called
Ermenikend grew from a tiny village of oil workers into a prosperous urban community. At the outset of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 1988, Baku alone had a larger Armenian population than Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenians were widely represented in
530:
feelings were aroused because of the conflict in
Nagorno-Karabakh resulting in the exodus of most Armenians from Baku and elsewhere in the republic. However, many Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan later reported that despite ethnic tensions taking place in Nagorno-Karabakh, the relationships with
534:
The massacre in
Sumgait came as a shock to both Armenian and Azerbaijanis of the cities, and many Armenian lives were saved as ordinary Azeris sheltered them during the pogroms and volunteered to escort them out of the country, often risking their own lives. In some cases, the Armenians who were
406:
The favorable economic conditions provided by the
Imperial Russian government allowed many Armenians to enter the burgeoning oil production and drilling business of Baku. Armenians along with Russians constituted the financial elite of the city and local capital was concentrated mainly in their
462:
Situation escalated when the Muslims, alarmed by the growing power of the Armenians, tried to seek help from outside, inviting the former tsarist all-Muslim Savage division into the city. This caused alarm in the city, and soon the civilian fighting between the factions broke out. Despite the
470:
at the approach of the Turkish–Azeri army (which seized the city from the Bolsheviks). Regardless of these events, on 18 December 1918, ethnic Armenians (including members of the Dashnaktsutyun) were represented in the newly formed Azerbaijani parliament, constituting 11 of its 96 members.
410:
By 1900, Armenian-owned businesses formed nearly one-third of the oil companies operating in the region. The growing tension between Armenians and Azeris (often instigated by the Russian officials who feared nationalist movements among their ethnically non-Russian subjects) resulted in
623:
Baku's Armenian community grew alongside the city's development through the course of the 19th century. The large-scale construction and expansion of the city attracted numerous Russian and Armenian architects, many of whom had received their education in Russia (in particular,
1944:Азербайджан: конец второй республики (1988–1993), Расим Гусейнович Агаев, Зардушт Али-Заде – 2006, cit. "Он сказал, что в горкоме опасаются повторения попытки повести толпу на компактно заселенную армянами часть города – «Арменикенд» и устроить погром по сумгаитскому сценарию."
495:
urban subculture, to which ethnic identity began losing ground and with which post-World War II generations of urbanized Bakuvians regardless of their ethnic origin or religious affiliations tended to identify. By the 1980s, the Armenian community of Baku had become largely
342:
1249:. ABC-CLIO, 2008. "To these larger moments can be added dozens of lesser ones, such as the 1905–06 Armenian-Tartar wars that gave Azeris and Armenians an opportunity to kill one another in the areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan that were then controlled by Russia..."
596:
also began to build ties and invest heavily in the Baku oil industry, the fortunes he made there being the source for his nickname of "Mr. Five Percent." Other notable Armenian businessmen in the oil industry in Baku included Stepan Lianozyan (owner of
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3280:
670:
was set aflame during the pogrom of 1990, but was restored in 2004 during a renovation and was transformed into the archive department of the Department of Administration Affairs of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan.
570:, whose A.I. Mantashev and Co. trading house opened branches in major cities in Europe and Asia and established majority control (51.3%) over the total stock of oil and an overwhelming majority (66.8%) of the oil content in the
3159:
320:
of 1917, but almost all the Armenians fled the city between 1988 and January 1990. By the beginning of January 1990, only 50,000 Armenians remained in Baku compared to a quarter million in 1988; most of these left after being
3195:
745:
of Baku, where many Armenians lived. The settlement was developed in the 1920s on the sparsely populated outskirts of Baku as one of the earliest Soviet experiments in the integrated development of a large urban area.
395:, speaks about the existence of an old Armenian church in Baku and the 15th-century Arab geographer Abdar-Rashid al- Bakuvi in his writings mentions that the majority of the population of Baku (Bakuya) were Christian.
1935:Баку: архитектурно-художественные памятники, Л. С Бретаницкий, Л. С Бретаницкий – 1965 – cit. "Связанный трамвайными линиями с прибрежной частью Баку, Арменикенд быстро превратился в один из основных районов города."
1907:
Tattooed mountain women and spoonboxes of Daghestan: magic medicine symbols in silk, stone, wood and flesh, by Robert Chenciner, Gabib Ismailov, Magomedkhan Magomedkhanov, Alex Binnie, Bennett & Bloom, 2006, p.
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in 1806. Many took up jobs as merchants, industrial managers and government administrators. Armenians established a community in the city with churches, and schools, and was the scene of a lively literary culture.
1804:
3149:
1897:
The petroleum excursion: The Azerbaijanian Soviet Socialist Republic. A. I͡A. Krems, A. I︠A︡ Krems, A. J. Krems, Chief Editorial Office of the Mining-Fuel and Geological-Prospecting Literature, 1937, p.
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1987:
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1236:(eds.). I. B.Tauris, 2001. "Until the 1905–6 Armeno-Tatar (the Azeris were called Tatars by Russia) war, localism was the main tenet of cultural identity among Azeri intellectuals."
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Despite the efforts of Stepan Shaumian, the Armenian head of the Baku Commune to forge an alliance between Bolshevik, Armenian, and Muslim factions, the alliance soon fell apart.
3262:
1802:
Yeni Müsavat: "Prezident Kitabxanasının balansında olan məbəddə hələ də təmir gedir; müvafiq qurumlar isə “bu kilsə bərpa olunmayacaq” deyir...". by Günay Musayeva. 5 August 2011
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The Soviet architects Samoylov A.V. and Ivanitsky A.P supervised the architecture of Ermenikend in the 1920–1930s. The central part had 3–4 storied buildings in the style of
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Pioneers of Soviet architecture: the search for new solutions in the 1920s and 1930s, Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov, Catherine Cooke, 15 January 1987, p. 276
2446:
753:. The reconstruction and modernization of Ermenikend started later, when Baku further expanded, when Azerbaijan, after a brief period of independence as the
456:. On April 1 1918, after the Ottoman forces had launched their Transcaucasian campaign in February, clashes broke out between various factions of the city.
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3180:
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The discovery of oil in Baku in the mid-19th century attracted a large number of Armenians to the city. In 1871, the first successful well was drilled by
682:(The Armenian World), a literary and pedagogic journal established and edited by Stephannos Stephaney, while other popular Armenian periodicals included
309:. Though the date of their original settlement is unclear, Baku's Armenian population swelled during the 19th century, when it became a major center for
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during 1918–1920 with the collapse of Czarist Russia (and also Armenia which went through the same brief stage as well) was invaded and annexed by the
4010:
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2821:
928:
616:
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504:, Armenians often chose to disassociate themselves from Azerbaijan and Azeris, cases of mixed Azeri–Armenian marriages were quite common in Baku.
1777:
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706:
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The multi-ethnic nature of Soviet-era Baku created the conditions for the active integration of its population and the emergence of a distinct
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1972:
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1213:
The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century
777:
who lived in Baku, while the name of Ermenikend always was mentioned next to it. Ermenikend was designed to be the home of oil workers.
2971:
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1529:
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Implementation of the Helsinki Accords: "Human Rights and Democratization in the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union"
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827:(born 1933) – Soviet Armenian supercomputer architect, notable as the pioneering creator of supercomputers in the Soviet Union.
4036:
3347:
3121:
2354:
2191:
2184:
1917:История советской архитектуры, 1917–1954 гг, Николай Петрович Былинкин, Александр Васильевич Рябушин, Стройиздат, 1985, p. 26
434:
388:(one of the 15 Provinces of Armenia), which linguist and orientalist Kerovbe Patkanov in his translation identifies as Baku.
1953:
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, Thomas De Waal – 2003, p. 30, cit. "Armenian quarter Ermanikand"
1870:
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, Thomas De Waal – 2003, p. 30, cit. "Armenian quarter Armenikend"
1694:
1604:
Azerbaijan: The status of Armenians, Russians, Jews and other minorities, report, 1993, INS Resource Informacion Center, p.6
3093:
800:
445:-occupied Baku. There were, according to Russian statistics, at this time 120,000 Armenians living in the Baku Province.
1721:
4031:
3888:
3327:
2598:
2553:
2548:
1147:Ал - Бакуви абд - Рашид "Сокращение книги о "памятниках" и чудеса царя могущего". Пер. 3. Бунятова. "Наука". Moscow 1971
2218:
415:, planting the seed of distrusts between these two groups in the city and elsewhere in the region for decades to come.
3223:
3171:
2809:
788:
513:
347:
322:
3948:
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869:(born 1953) – former Uzbekistan football player of Armenian descent and the current manager of Uzbekistan since 2010
674:
During the Imperial Russian period, the community enjoyed a vibrant literary culture, as seen in the publication of
4129:
4119:
3215:
3211:
2875:
2149:
933:
330:
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which had not been functioning since 1984 due to falling in severe disrepair, was demolished in the early 1990s.
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He financed the construction of an east–west pipeline which extended 500 miles from Baku to the Black Sea port of
3154:
2790:
2371:
648:
77:
1751:
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1536:, Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
882:
354:
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Until the 1980s, the Armenians in Baku were concentrated in Ermenikend, and it was known for this. After the
3677:
3247:
2991:
2904:
2884:
2855:
2843:
2748:
2672:
2301:
2250:
2235:
923:
89:
839:(born 1941) – Soviet and Moldovan experimental physicist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
690:(The Social-Democrat), an economic-political-public journal, with editors V. Marsyan and Lazo at its helm,
3337:
3322:
3098:
3082:
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3033:
2711:
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2359:
1380:
1259:
781:
709:, maintaining the then-richest library of Transcaucasia, but then was shut down by the Soviet Government.
675:
629:
306:
1926:
Russian avant-garde art and architecture, Vol. 53, Academy Editions and Architectural Design, 1983, p. 55
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1792:. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, January 1993, p. 116.
652:
612:
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Five months later, the Armenian community itself dwindled as thousands of Armenians either fled Baku or
2062:
1135:В.В. Бартольд "Место прикаспийских областей в истории мусульманского мира". Курс лекций. Баку 1925 г.
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on 13–20 January 1990, the enclave came to end, when the Armenian community of Baku fled the country.
4041:
3943:
3205:
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2701:
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2514:
2489:
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2001:
726:
1593:
374:
Later, in the 7th-century Armenian philosopher, mathematician, geographer, astronomer and alchemist
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2468:
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2401:
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2255:
1233:
641:
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567:
500:. In 1977, 58% of Armenian pupils in Azerbaijan were receiving education in Russian. While in the
3861:
3547:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3307:
3046:
3023:
2999:
2682:
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2641:
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2543:
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2440:
2430:
2420:
2131:
892:
886:
860:
598:
424:
392:
317:
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1445:Столица, город или деревня. Об итогах урбанизации в отдельно взятой республике на Южном Кавказе
749:
The village of Ermenikend existed in Baku in 1918 when 15,000 Armenians were killed during the
3963:
3780:
3775:
3760:
3728:
3640:
3532:
3454:
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3427:
3200:
3041:
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2435:
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1968:
1850:
1757:
1727:
1700:
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1580:
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1414:
1352:
1325:
1300:
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1208:
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854:
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830:
809:(1879–1932) – Russian-Armenian engineer, recognized as one of the founders of color television
718:
586:
375:
97:
65:
1550:
1271:
1225:
1004:
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Other Armenians in Baku tended to enter the workforce as foremen and white-collar employees.
3953:
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3611:
3579:
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3490:
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2927:
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1847:Театр и Драматургия. Орган Союза советских писателей СССР. год изд. 1-4. июль 1933-дек. 1936
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898:
836:
806:
734:
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625:
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492:
481:
391:
Orientalist and academician Vasily Bartold referring to the 15th-century Persian historian
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1808:
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904:
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1385:
Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920: The Shaping of National Identity in a Muslim Community
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1125:Армянская география VII века” Анании Ширакаци. Пер. К. Патканяна. СПб 1877 г., 50, 51
978:
866:
824:
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and offered other economic opportunities to enterprising investors and businessmen.
1444:
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2314:
1827:Հայ պարբերական մամուլի բիբլիոգրաֆիա (Bibliography of the Armenian Periodical Press)
1495:
A Normal Totalitarian Society: How the Soviet Union Functioned and How It Collapsed
1136:
1124:
833:(born 1940) – first Armenian woman awarded with FIDE title of International Arbiter
758:
742:
563:
522:
remained a rather distant concern for Armenians of Baku until March 1988, when the
449:
326:
316:
Their numbers remained strong into the 20th century, despite the turbulence of the
815:(1902–75) – Soviet Armenian composer, founder of the Armenian State Jazz Orchestra
1174:
398:
Baku saw a large influx of Armenians following the city's incorporation into the
3933:
3910:
3370:
2922:
2387:
2013:
1204:
571:
539:
1018:
3797:
3569:
1888:
Le nettoyage ethnique: terreur et peuplement, Stéphane Rosière – 2006 – p. 146
1833:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Literary Palace of the Armenian SSR. pp. 319–327.
1639:
702:(At the Dawn), a literary collection published from 1913-14 by A. Alshushyan.
385:
2138:- Website about the history and destruction of the Armenian community of Baku
1854:
1569:, Issues 7–9. Izvestiya Soveta Deputatov Trudyashchikhsya SSSR, 1998, p. 189.
741:, literally "Armenian village" in Azerbaijani) was a district located in the
2759:
857:(1950–2009) – Armenian animator; considered the father of Armenian animation
770:
769:
district was part of a larger district named "Shahumyan" after the Armenian
442:
407:
hands. The Armenians were the second most numerous group in the judiciary.
298:
384:(Geography) listed Alti-Bagavan as one of the 12 districts of the Province
1510:
Gha-ra-bagh!: the emergence of the national democratic movement in Armenia
554:
17:
2525:
1215:, ed. Richard G. Hovannisian, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, p. 125.
1464:
3703:
3480:
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leaving entrusted their houses and possessions to their Azeri friends.
1403:. Moscow: Government Educational-Pedagogical Publishing, 1938, p. 305.
678:. The first Armenian periodical to be published in Baku, in 1877, was
3849:
3667:
3628:
3317:
2042:
578:
2141:
2081:. Cultures of the World. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2007, p. 100.
651:
themes then popular in Russia and also styles and motifs taken from
659:
and the Commercial College of Baku (both designed by Ter-Mikelov).
628:) or other parts of Europe. Prominent Armenian architects included
1527:
Assessment for Armenians in Azerbaijan, Minorities At Risk Project
885:
from 1985–2000; now a political activist in Russia, leader of the
611:
553:
353:
340:
686:(The Plough), an illustrated calendar published from 1893–1896,
655:, still stand today. Among the most well-known examples are the
362:
302:
53:
2763:
2145:
1822:
For a full list of Armenian periodicals published in Baku, see
1662:
1660:
875:(born 1966) – Armenian-American pianist, composer and professor
676:
dozens of Armenian-language newspapers, journals, and magazines
2093:. Volume 61, Issues 1–6 – United States Chess Federation, p.29
1554:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003, pp. 38, 56.
1005:Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г.
1753:
The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity Under Russian Rule
1176:
The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity Under Russian Rule
96:
3986:
1349:
Like Hidden Fire. The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire
1322:
Like Hidden Fire: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire
1297:
Like Hidden Fire: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire
558:
Armenians seen pictured among the other oil barons of Baku.
2128:
1640:"Armenian capitalists and financiers in Baku's oil fields"
1594:
Britannica: Azerbaijan- The Soviet and post-Soviet periods
851:(born 1947) – Armenian former football player and manager
845:(born 1942) – Armenian football manager and former player
619:, opened in 1910 and was destroyed by the Soviets in 1937
617:
Saint Thaddeus and Bartholomew Armenian Cathedral of Baku
2954:
Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
531:
their Azeri friends and neighbors had been unaffected.
1756:. Stanford, Ca: Hoover Institution Press. p. 21.
1696:
Troubled waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region
1617:Этнический состав Азербайджана (по переписи 1999 года)
1581:
Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World
1387:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985, p. 145.
1230:
Identity politics in Central Asia and the Muslim world
592:
The prominent Armenian businessman and philanthropist
1723:
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, & Power
1270:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
2041:, Robert Sahakyants Animation Studio, archived from
1745:
1743:
1351:. New York: Kodansha International, 1994, p. 283-7.
895:(born 1970) – Armenian-American Grandmaster of chess
705:
Also the Armenian Community of Baku built the first
566:, an ethnic Armenian. He was followed by oil tycoon
4019:
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Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh
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1102:
Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War
647:Many of the buildings they designed, influenced by
83:
71:
59:
47:
37:
1481:Русский язык как средство межнационального общения
1263:
1104:. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 67.
345:Armenian girl in Baku from an 1873 publication of
1988:Ayvazyan's biography in Russian Jazz Encyclopedia
1693:Dekmejian, R. Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H. (2003).
1512:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p.
1612:
1610:
1137:http://armenianhouse.org/arustamyan/town-ru.html
901:(born 1971) – leading Armenian chess Grandmaster
913:(born 1987) – Armenian-American football player
283:1939-1989 figures include data from the city of
1418:. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, p. 164
863:(born 1951) – Soviet football player and coach
2775:
2157:
448:Several members of the governing body of the
441:Party became increasingly active in the then
8:
1548:Miller, Donald E. and Lorna Touryan Miller.
1157:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2004
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
821:(1927–82) – famous Armenian-Russian composer
325:that occurred before the dissolution of the
32:
484:Armenians to Baku and other large cities.
2782:
2768:
2760:
2164:
2150:
2142:
1498:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2001, p. 269.
31:
3597:Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh
3281:Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas
1584:. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007, p. 301.
1544:
1542:
1266:Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918
3104:2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes
2822:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia
929:Armenian Cultural Heritage in Azerbaijan
907:(born 1978) – Armenian chess grandmaster
1866:
1864:
1551:Armenia: Portraits of Survival and Hope
1324:. Kodansha International. p. 283.
1299:. Kodansha International. p. 282.
1200:
1198:
1196:
1053:"Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009"
1031:"Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 1999"
944:
285:Baku proper and the Baku municipality (
3973:2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping
3196:Allegations of third-party involvement
3145:July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
3090:September 2009 Agdam military incident
3057:1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown
694:(The Voice of the Laborer, 1906, with
581:. With rising competition against the
103:
2861:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
1726:. New York: Free Press. p. 171.
782:Soviet socialist realist architecture
653:medieval Armenian Church Architecture
116:
7:
3343:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
3087:January 2009 Agdam military incident
2817:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
1209:Eastern Armenians Under Tsarist Rule
763:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
359:St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church
48:Regions with significant populations
2972:Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli
2967:1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
2949:1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown
1369:Armenia on the Road to Independence
1055:. Pop-stat.mashke.org. 7 April 1971
707:Philanthropic Society of Azerbaijan
301:once formed a sizable community in
1824:Petrosyan, Hovhannes (1954–1957).
1247:Hot spot: North America and Europe
657:Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall
502:Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
25:
3137:2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
3114:2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
3109:2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
2919:Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988)
2002:Ekimyan's biography at Peoples.Ru
755:Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
435:Azerbaijan's independence in 1918
429:Armenian National Council of Baku
3903:
3881:
3855:
3842:
3790:
3743:
3696:
3660:
3634:
3621:
3562:
3510:
3473:
3005:Mardakert and Martuni Offensives
2217:
2018:(in Russian), Russian-Bazaar.com
1412:Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (1994).
3126:2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2827:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1159:. Europa Publications Limited.
4037:NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration
3348:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion
3122:2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2933:1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing
2910:Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms
2038:In Memory of Robert Sahakyants
668:St. Gregory Illuminator Church
433:Following the proclamation of
120:
1:
3413:Armenian-occupied territories
3094:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
1483:. Moscow: Nauka, 1977, p. 164
1465:«Солнечное сплетение» Евразии
1415:From the Gulf to Central Asia
1226:Nation-building in Azerbaijan
801:List of Azerbaijani Armenians
305:, the current capital of the
4032:Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration
3889:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
3328:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh
3019:1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état
2866:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations
1750:Altstadt, Audrey L. (1992).
1669:The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia
1431:. Grolier Incorporated, 1993
1401:Экономическая география СССР
1179:. Hoover Press. p. 31.
1173:Altstadt, Audrey L. (1992).
983:(in Russian). Ethno-Caucasus
329:and the early stages of the
4125:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan
3286:2020–2021 Armenian protests
3253:Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
1371:, pp. 225-27, 312, note 36.
1100:Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001).
514:Pogrom of Armenians in Baku
437:, the Armenian nationalist
413:mutual pogroms in 1905–1906
365:(currently non-functioning)
348:The Illustrated London News
4151:
3333:2023 Azerbaijani offensive
3291:Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher
3263:Treatment of Armenian POWs
2215:
1845:SSSR., Soi︠u︡z pisateleĭ.
1672:. Berlin: Springer. 2010.
1232:, Willem van Schendel and
934:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
798:
511:
422:
331:first Nagorno-Karabakh War
4135:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
3301:September 2022 escalation
2791:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2179:
1778:Armenian Churches of Baku
738:
722:
281:
88:
78:Armenian Apostolic Church
76:
64:
52:
42:
4011:2023 ceasefire agreement
3969:2020 ceasefire agreement
3949:Zheleznovodsk Communiqué
3220:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral
3062:1994 Bagratashen bombing
3052:1994 Baku Metro bombings
2201:Population by urban area
1965:Inventors and inventions
1963:Alvin K. Benson (2010).
1699:. London: I. B. Tauris.
1508:Malkasian, Mark (1996).
1427:Encyclopedia Americana.
1245:Joseph Russell Rudolph.
979:
883:World Chess Championship
518:The political unrest in
378:in his most famous work
111:
4020:International documents
3997:EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023
3191:International reactions
3141:2019 clash near Chinari
2905:Zvartnots Airport clash
2856:Azerbaijanis in Armenia
2844:Armenians in Azerbaijan
2134:5 November 2019 at the
1720:Yergin, Daniel (2009).
1492:Shlapentokh, Vladimir.
1463:Mamardashvili, Merab. "
1429:Azerbaijan, Republic of
1320:Hopkirk, Peter (1994).
1295:Hopkirk, Peter (1994).
1260:Hovannisian, Richard G.
924:Armenians in Azerbaijan
90:Armenians in Azerbaijan
4072:UNGA Resolution 62/243
4067:UNGA Resolution 60/285
4062:UNGA Resolution 48/114
3323:2022 Armenian protests
3155:Protests in Azerbaijan
3099:2010 Mardakert clashes
3083:2008 Mardakert clashes
3067:Refugees in Azerbaijan
3034:1993 Summer Offensives
1622:21 August 2013 at the
1381:Swietochowski, Tadeusz
1019:ГОРОД БАКУ (1926 г.)
980:Население Азербайджана
957:na 1852g., pp. 305–307
730:
630:Hovhannes Katchaznouni
620:
559:
508:Pogrom and mass exodus
419:Independent Azerbaijan
370:Pre-Russian Revolution
366:
351:
307:Republic of Azerbaijan
101:
4027:Astrakhan Declaration
4002:EUMA Feb 2023–present
3766:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan
3719:Norat Ter-Grigoryants
3274:Post-ceasefire events
2996:Capture of Artsvashen
2977:Capture of Garadaghly
2185:Population by country
1451:. 10–23 October 2005.
1443:Rumyantsev, Sergei. "
1033:. Pop-stat.mashke.org
615:
557:
488:the state apparatus.
357:
344:
100:
84:Related ethnic groups
4057:PACE Resolution 2085
4052:PACE Resolution 1416
4047:OIC Resolution 10/37
4042:OIC Resolution 10/11
3678:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
3206:Aras Valley campaign
3118:2016 Odundağ clashes
3038:Operation Geghamasar
2959:Siege of Stepanakert
2652:United Arab Emirates
2015:The Dream of My Life
1807:6 April 2012 at the
1638:Arnavoudian, Eddie.
761:as the newly formed
698:as the editor), and
480:active migration of
323:targeted in a pogrom
3992:EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022
3916:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
3751:Republic of Artsakh
3714:Gurgen Dalibaltayan
3553:Samvel Shahramanyan
3518:Republic of Artsakh
3486:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
3338:Protests in Armenia
3130:Shelling of Alxanlı
3009:Operation Həsənqaya
2348:Former Soviet Union
2229:Armenian settlement
2077:Dhilawala, Sakina.
1644:The Critical Corner
1578:Von Voss, Huberta.
1532:25 May 2011 at the
1399:Baransky, Nikolai.
1205:Suny, Ronald Grigor
1081:on 16 November 2018
955:Kavkazskii Kalendar
642:Gavriil Ter-Mikelov
594:Calouste Gulbenkian
568:Alexander Mantashev
318:Russian Revolutions
34:
3862:Viktor Polyanichko
3548:Arayik Harutyunyan
3401:Shahumyan Province
3391:Martakert Province
3386:Kashatagh Province
3047:Operation Kalbajar
3024:Battle of Kalbajar
3000:Operation Goranboy
2963:Operation Dashalty
2227:Historic areas of
893:Melikset Khachiyan
887:United Civil Front
861:Alexander Mirzoyan
621:
599:G.M. Lianozov Sons
560:
425:26 Baku Commissars
393:Hamdallah Mustawfi
367:
352:
102:
4130:Armenians in Baku
4120:Armenian diaspora
4107:
4106:
3964:Madrid Principles
3944:Tehran Communiqué
3781:Mikael Arzumanyan
3776:Jalal Harutyunyan
3761:Kristapor Ivanyan
3729:Tiran Khachatryan
3641:Mikhail Gorbachev
3533:Leonard Petrosyan
3466:Political leaders
3455:Zangilan District
3433:Kalbajar District
3428:Jabrayil District
3201:Madagiz offensive
3042:Operation Horadiz
3015:Operation Qazançı
2992:Capture of Shusha
2942:Voskepar massacre
2849:Armenians in Baku
2832:Karabakh movement
2757:
2756:
2696:
2528:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2404:
2390:
2338:
2331:
2317:
2310:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2173:Armenian diaspora
2045:on 5 January 2012
1974:978-1-58765-522-7
1776:David Samvelian.
1706:978-1-86064-922-6
1679:978-3-642-11523-3
1224:Suha Bolukbasi. "
1111:978-0-8014-8736-1
889:(Armenian mother)
855:Robert Sahakyants
849:Arkady Andreasyan
831:Nonna Karakashyan
713:Armenian district
680:Haykakan Ashkharh
376:Anania Shirakatsi
296:
295:
290:
95:
94:
33:Armenians in Baku
16:(Redirected from
4142:
4077:UNSC resolutions
3954:OSCE Minsk Group
3939:Bishkek Protocol
3909:
3907:
3906:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3823:Mais Barkhudarov
3803:Isgandar Hamidov
3796:
3794:
3793:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3689:Military leaders
3666:
3664:
3663:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3612:Tural Ganjaliyev
3580:Abulfaz Elchibey
3568:
3566:
3565:
3538:Arkadi Ghukasyan
3528:Robert Kocharyan
3516:
3514:
3513:
3491:Robert Kocharyan
3479:
3477:
3476:
3450:Qubadli District
3396:Martuni Province
3376:Askeran Province
3248:Battle of Shusha
3243:Lachin offensive
3238:Battle of Hadrut
3076:Interwar clashes
3029:Battle of Aghdam
3012:Battle of Lachin
2982:Khojaly massacre
2915:Kirovabad pogrom
2805:Nagorno-Karabakh
2784:
2777:
2770:
2761:
2692:
2524:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2400:
2386:
2334:
2327:
2313:
2306:
2281:
2276:Hidden Armenians
2274:
2267:
2260:
2240:Nagorno-Karabakh
2221:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2067:The Moscow Times
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1967:. p. 1256.
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1812:(in Azerbaijani)
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1614:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:Demoscope Weekly
1442:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1269:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1234:Erik Jan Zürcher
1222:
1216:
1202:
1191:
1190:
1170:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
975:
958:
953:
949:
899:Vladimir Akopian
837:Ernest Arushanov
807:Hovannes Adamian
789:Armenian pogroms
740:
724:
688:Sotsial Demokrat
634:Freidun Aghalyan
626:Saint Petersburg
526:took place. The
520:Nagorno-Karabakh
493:Russian-speaking
482:Nagorno-Karabakh
454:ethnic Armenians
282:
121:
104:
38:Total population
35:
21:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4015:
3922:
3904:
3902:
3882:
3880:
3856:
3854:
3843:
3841:
3828:Hikmat Mirzayev
3818:Valeh Barshadly
3791:
3789:
3771:Monte Melkonian
3744:
3742:
3724:Jirair Sefilian
3709:Vazgen Sargsyan
3697:
3695:
3684:
3661:
3659:
3635:
3633:
3622:
3620:
3607:Nizami Bahmanov
3575:Ayaz Mutallibov
3563:
3561:
3523:Artur Mkrtchyan
3511:
3509:
3501:Nikol Pashinyan
3474:
3472:
3461:
3443:Lachin corridor
3438:Lachin District
3423:Fuzuli District
3418:Aghdam District
3406:Shushi Province
3381:Hadrut Province
3354:
3269:
3166:
3071:
2987:Maraga massacre
2870:
2793:
2788:
2758:
2753:
2732:
2716:
2656:
2593:
2554:North Macedonia
2549:The Netherlands
2473:
2409:
2343:
2290:
2283:Western Armenia
2228:
2222:
2213:
2208:Ethnic enclaves
2175:
2170:
2136:Wayback Machine
2125:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2108:, Soccerway.com
2102:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2079:Armenia, 2nd ed
2076:
2072:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1809:Wayback Machine
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1624:Wayback Machine
1615:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1540:
1534:Wayback Machine
1525:
1521:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1491:
1487:
1479:Bilodid, Ivan.
1476:
1475:
1471:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1411:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1223:
1219:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
981:
977:
976:
961:
951:
950:
946:
942:
920:
905:Elina Danielian
873:Andrey Kasparov
843:Eduard Markarov
813:Artemi Ayvazyan
803:
797:
795:Notable natives
775:Stepan Shaumyan
715:
638:Vardan Sarkisov
610:
552:
516:
510:
477:
431:
421:
381:Ashkharhatsuyts
372:
339:
284:
119:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:Prague Process
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3894:Shamil Basayev
3877:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3872:Rustam Muradov
3869:
3864:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3833:Hikmat Hasanov
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Surat Huseynov
3810:
3805:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3756:Samvel Babayan
3739:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3734:Seyran Ohanyan
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:Vladimir Putin
3648:
3643:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Bayram Safarov
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3496:Serzh Sargsyan
3493:
3488:
3469:
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3359:Main locations
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3210:Bombardments (
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2946:
2945:Battle of Togh
2943:
2940:
2938:Operation Ring
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Sumgait pogrom
2892:
2887:
2885:Çardaqlı clash
2881:
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2872:
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2589:United Kingdom
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2123:External links
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2118:
2095:
2083:
2070:
2063:Garry Kasparov
2055:
2028:
2005:
1991:
1980:
1973:
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911:Yura Movsisyan
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881:(born 1963) –
879:Garry Kasparov
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819:Alexey Ekimyan
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751:September Days
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583:Nobel Brothers
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524:Sumgait pogrom
512:Main article:
509:
506:
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468:were massacred
439:Dashnaktsutyun
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400:Russian Empire
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43:104 (2009)-700
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3927:Peace process
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3867:Pavel Grachev
3865:
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3808:Rahim Gaziyev
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3646:Boris Yeltsin
3644:
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3585:Heydar Aliyev
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3543:Bako Sahakyan
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3321:
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3309:
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3296:Border crisis
3294:
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2928:Bağanis Ayrum
2926:
2924:
2921:
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2913:
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2900:Gugark pogrom
2898:
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2891:
2890:Askeran clash
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2877:
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2355:Baltic states
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2009:
2006:
2003:
1995:
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1367:Hovannisian.
1364:
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1357:1-56836-127-0
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1333:
1331:1-56836-020-7
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867:Vadim Abramov
865:
862:
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696:Sarkis Kasyan
693:
692:Banvori Dzayn
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
669:
664:
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658:
654:
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649:Neo-Classical
645:
643:
639:
635:
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569:
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550:Economic life
549:
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541:
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528:anti-Armenian
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507:
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494:
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452:consisted of
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70:
67:
63:
58:
55:
51:
46:
41:
36:
27:
19:
3590:Ilham Aliyev
2848:
2372:Central Asia
2307:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2110:, retrieved
2105:Y. Movsisyan
2104:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2047:, retrieved
2043:the original
2037:
2031:
2020:, retrieved
2014:
2008:
1999:(in Russian)
1994:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1903:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1846:
1840:
1826:
1818:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1772:
1752:
1722:
1715:
1695:
1688:
1668:
1647:. Retrieved
1643:
1633:
1627:(in Russian)
1600:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1564:(in Russian)
1559:
1549:
1522:
1509:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1477:(in Russian)
1472:
1461:(in Russian)
1456:
1448:
1441:(in Russian)
1436:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1397:(in Russian)
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1348:
1340:
1321:
1315:
1296:
1290:
1265:
1254:
1241:
1229:
1220:
1212:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1143:
1131:
1120:
1101:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1075:"Bukva.mobi"
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1025:
1016:(in Russian)
1011:
1002:(in Russian)
997:
985:. Retrieved
954:
952:(in Russian)
947:
786:
779:
767:
759:Soviet Union
748:
743:Nasimi raion
717:Armenikend (
716:
704:
699:
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
665:
661:
646:
622:
603:
591:
576:
564:Ivan Mirzoev
561:
544:
537:
533:
517:
490:
486:
478:
465:
461:
458:
450:Baku Commune
447:
432:
409:
405:
397:
390:
379:
373:
346:
327:Soviet Union
315:
297:
286:
117:
112:
107:
29:Ethnic group
26:
3934:Baker rules
3911:Afghanistan
3673:Turgut Özal
3371:Stepanakert
3228:Stepanakert
2923:Baku pogrom
2878:(1988–1994)
2749:New Zealand
2668:Afghanistan
2599:Middle East
2584:Switzerland
2447:Los Angeles
2251:Nakhichevan
1831:(3 Volumes)
727:Azerbaijani
587:Rothschilds
572:Caspian Sea
540:Baku pogrom
4114:Categories
3798:Azerbaijan
3570:Azerbaijan
3258:War crimes
3186:Casualties
3172:Second war
2798:Background
2673:Bangladesh
2302:Azerbaijan
2236:Azerbaijan
2192:historical
2112:29 January
2091:Chess life
2049:29 January
2022:29 January
1649:20 October
1161:Azerbaijan
1085:9 February
1059:3 February
1037:3 February
799:See also:
765:in 1920.
739:Арменикенд
731:Ermənikənd
723:Արմենիքենդ
475:Soviet era
423:See also:
386:Paytakaran
271:2,045,815
257:1,788,854
243:1,794,874
229:1,533,235
215:1,265,515
18:Ermenikend
3160:Reactions
3150:Incidents
2876:First war
2744:Australia
2712:Singapore
2688:Indonesia
2421:Argentina
2388:Circassia
2360:Lithuania
1855:504160025
1567:Novii Mir
771:Bolshevik
700:Lusademin
498:Russified
443:Bolshevik
299:Armenians
118:Armenians
60:Languages
3308:Susuzluq
3181:Timeline
2728:Ethiopia
2707:Pakistan
2694:Surabaya
2526:Hayhurum
2495:Bulgaria
2414:Americas
2329:Abkhazia
2295:Caucasus
2132:Archived
1805:Archived
1620:Archived
1530:Archived
1262:(1967).
987:26 March
918:See also
719:Armenian
585:and the
287:gorsovet
246:179,950
232:215,807
218:207,464
204:170,074
201:987,228
190:118,703
187:808,690
173:347,390
159:111,904
72:Religion
66:Armenian
3704:Armenia
3481:Armenia
3224:Martuni
2837:Miatsum
2810:History
2737:Oceania
2702:Myanmar
2637:Lebanon
2564:Romania
2534:Hungary
2515:Germany
2490:Belgium
2485:Austria
2469:Uruguay
2396:Ukraine
2377:Moldova
2367:Belarus
2336:Tbilisi
2323:Georgia
2269:Cilicia
2246:Javakhk
2129:Baku Am
773:leader
735:Russian
608:Culture
337:History
176:69,544
162:19,099
148:24,490
145:86,611
3977:Russia
3908:
3886:
3850:Russia
3847:
3795:
3748:
3701:
3668:Turkey
3665:
3629:Russia
3626:
3567:
3515:
3478:
3318:Farukh
3313:Shusha
3232:Tartar
3174:(2020)
2721:Africa
2632:Kuwait
2627:Jordan
2622:Israel
2579:Sweden
2569:Serbia
2559:Poland
2520:Greece
2510:France
2500:Cyprus
2478:Europe
2461:Boston
2436:Mexico
2431:Canada
2426:Brazil
2402:Crimea
2382:Russia
2256:Turkey
1971:
1853:
1760:
1730:
1703:
1676:
1355:
1328:
1303:
1278:
1228:." in
1183:
1108:
640:, and
579:Batumi
277:0,005
249:10.0%
235:14.1%
221:16.4%
207:17.2%
193:14.7%
165:17.1%
151:28.3%
131:7,431
3216:Ganja
3212:Barda
2683:India
2678:China
2647:Syria
2642:Qatar
2607:Egypt
2574:Spain
2544:Malta
2539:Italy
1272:15–16
1211:" in
940:Notes
268:2009
254:1999
240:1989
226:1979
212:1970
198:1959
184:1939
170:1926
156:1897
142:1886
137:5.5%
128:1851
113:Total
3982:OSCE
2661:Asia
2617:Iraq
2612:Iran
2315:Zoks
2308:Baku
2114:2012
2051:2012
2024:2012
1969:ISBN
1851:OCLC
1758:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1651:2012
1353:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1087:2017
1061:2012
1039:2012
989:2013
684:Aror
666:The
538:The
427:and
363:Baku
303:Baku
274:104
260:378
179:20%
134:405
108:Year
54:Baku
4097:884
4092:874
4087:853
4082:822
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361:in
263:0%
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122:%
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
