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636:. A wide, large capacity (mud) bucket with a straight cutting edge is used for cleanup and levelling or where the material to be dug is soft, and teeth are not required. A general purpose (GP) bucket is generally smaller, stronger, and has hardened side cutters and teeth used to break through hard ground and rocks. Buckets have numerous shapes and sizes for various applications. There are also many other attachments that are available to be attached to the excavator for boring, ripping, crushing, cutting, lifting, etc. Attachments can be attached with pins similar to other parts of the arm or with some variety of
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592:, engine, fuel and hydraulic oil tanks. The house attaches to the undercarriage by way of a center pin. High-pressure oil is supplied to the tracks' hydraulic motors through a hydraulic swivel at the axis of the pin, allowing the machine to slew 360° unhindered and thus provides the left-and-right movement. The arm provides the up-and-down and closer-and-further (or digging movement) movements. Arms typically consist of a boom, stick and bucket with three joints between them and the house.
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573:; this third circuit allows for reduced physical effort when operating the controls. Generally, the 3 pumps used in excavators consist of 2 variable displacement piston pumps and a gear pump. The arrangement of the pumps in the excavator unit changes with different manufacturers using different formats.
546:; their largest model is the largest excavator available (developed and produced by the Orenstein & Koppel, Germany, until the takeover 2011 by Caterpillar, named »RH400«), the CAT 6090, which weighs in excess of 2,160,510 pounds (979,990 kg), has 4500 hp, and a bucket as large as 52.0 m.
664:
There are two main types of control configuration used in excavators to control the boom and bucket, each distributing the four primary digging functions across two x-y joysticks. This allows a skilled operator to control all four functions simultaneously. The most popular configuration in the US is
628:
Attached to the end of the boom is the stick (or dipper arm). The stick provides the digging movement needed to pull the bucket through the ground. The stick length is optional depending whether reach (longer stick) or break-out power (shorter stick) is required. Most common is mono stick but there
360:
652:
launched the world's first Zero Tail Swing excavator, which allows the counterweight to stay inside the width of the tracks as it slews, thus being safer and more user friendly when used in a confined space. This type of machine is now widely used throughout the world.
647:
Before the 1990s, all excavators had a long or conventional counterweight that hung off the rear of the machine to provide more digging force and lifting capacity. This became a nuisance when working in confined areas. In 1993
46:
120:. Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.
669:
configuration while in other parts of the world, the ISO control configuration is more common. Some manufacturers such as
Takeuchi have switches that allow the operator to select which control configuration to use.
321:
128:
Excavators are also called diggers, scoopers, mechanical shovels, or 360-degree excavators (sometimes abbreviated simply to "360"). Tracked excavators are sometimes called "trackhoes" by analogy to the
1903:
1873:
580:, the house and the arm. The boom, the front part that is attached to the cab itself and holds the arm, is also used. The undercarriage includes tracks, track frame, and final drives, which have a
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Variable angle booms have additional joint in the middle of the boom to change the curvature of the boom. These are also called triple-articulated booms (TAB) or 3 piece booms.
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Another option is a hinge at the base of the boom allowing it to hydraulically pivot up to 180° independent to the house; however, this is generally available only to
104:
when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of
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which allows attachments rotate 360 degrees and tilt +/- 45 degrees, in order to increase the flexibility and precision of the excavator.
48:
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1097:
771:,a crusher and screening buckets the excavator is frequently used in many applications other than excavation. Many excavators feature a
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for simplified attachment mounting, increasing the machine's utilization on the jobsite. Excavators are usually employed together with
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The boom attaches to the house and provides the up-and-down movement. It can be one of several different configurations:
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and some medium-sized (11 to 18-tonne) excavators have a backfill (or dozer) blade. This is a horizontal
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attached to the undercarriage and is used for leveling and pushing removed material back into a hole.
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Modern hydraulic excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. The smaller ones are called mini or
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and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house" - although the largest form ever, the
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1979:"How Material Handling Excavators and Purpose-Built Material Handlers Get the Job Done"
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Hydraulic excavator controls illustration, color of the control matches the moving part
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and gearing providing the drive to the individual tracks. Undercarriage can also have
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Most common are mono booms; these have no movement apart from straight up and down.
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1011:- subsidiary with Komatsu, operated as L&T Komatsu for Indian market
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1175: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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excavation. With the advent of hydraulic-powered attachments such as a
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506: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
130:
70:
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to access fragile underground infrastructure using high pressure water
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similar to that of a bulldozer. The house includes the operator cab,
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Hydraulic excavators usually couple engine power to (commonly) three
542:
smallest mini-excavator weighs 2,060 pounds (930 kg) and has 13
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Excavator, SH200 Sumitomo, in storage/parking lot for 8-10 units in
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985:- subsidiary organization of Kobe Steel, also producing Kobelco
1866:"Industrial Expe ..Lasso Gives More Power To The Hy-Mac Elbow"
1144:
798:
677:
475:
557:. The two main pumps supply oil at high pressure (up to 5000
88:
The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with
614:
which can also move left and right in line with the machine.
137:, wheeled excavators are sometimes known as "rubber ducks".
1100:- owned by Hitachi Construction Machinery for Indian market
134:
2106:"Screening and Crushing Equipment Attachments | Al Marwan"
1203:
As of July 2021, current excavator manufacturers include:
1033:- the excavator market was fully owned by Caterpillar Inc.
1836:"Yandram.com - What is an excavator? What is it made of?"
909:
Heavy
Industries & Machinery) - including Solar brand
1074:- subsidiary corporation of Volvo Construction Equipment
327:
Caterpillar 315C L Excavator cleaning up tornado debris
173:
Brush cutting with hydraulic saw and mower attachments
2055:"How it works: The track motor spool in an Excavator"
271:
A cable-operated excavator under the
Northwest (now
755:Hydraulic excavators now perform tasks well beyond
389:A smaller excavator is digging for the laying of a
576:The three main sections of an excavator are the
81:, eliminated the dipper in favor of a line and
2003:"Tips to Help You Operate Your Mini Excavator"
8:
640:. Excavators in Scandinavia often feature a
2029:"300.9D Mini Excavator | Cat | Caterpillar"
833:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
712:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1896:"First Wind Farm In Nh To Begin Operation"
629:are also, for example, telescopic sticks.
2081:"Yanmar America Corporation - Excavators"
1191:Learn how and when to remove this message
853:Learn how and when to remove this message
732:Learn how and when to remove this message
522:Learn how and when to remove this message
569:, 48 bar) pump for pilot control of the
1827:
1332:Guangxi Yuchai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.
261:
599:The principle of a hydraulic excavator
354:A New Holland E215 in Hamburg, Germany
116:, which replaced winches, chains, and
2061:from the original on 17 February 2016
2009:from the original on 31 December 2013
1906:from the original on 12 November 2020
1044:(O&K) - ceased operations in 1999
632:On the end of the stick is usually a
339:An L&T Komatsu excavator seen in
7:
1933:from the original on 19 October 2012
1927:"Types of Excavators and Their Uses"
1846:from the original on 29 January 2023
1173:adding citations to reliable sources
831:adding citations to reliable sources
710:adding citations to reliable sources
504:adding citations to reliable sources
149:House demolition by an excavator in
2130:"PT. Pindad (Persero) - Alat Berat"
1521:Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
1342:Lovol Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd
1317:Sunward Intelligent Equipment Group
1098:Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
2053:Lance Lefebure (2 December 2010).
156:Excavators are used in many ways:
25:
1876:from the original on 4 March 2017
315:CAT 5230 in coal mining operation
2157:
1983:AEM Tradeshows - ConExpo Con/Agg
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373:, USA, 2001. Note the hydraulic
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308:
296:
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264:
187:with hydraulic claw, cutter and
2136:from the original on 2021-04-25
2035:from the original on 2023-10-09
1955:. H.E. Services. Archived from
1327:Xiamen XGMA Machinery Co., Ltd.
1160:needs additional citations for
1062:Sandvik Mining and Construction
491:needs additional citations for
100:(which itself evolved into the
1219:Hitachi Construction Machinery
933:Hitachi Construction Machinery
291:Liebherr 314 wheeled excavator
27:Type of construction equipment
1:
303:Link-Belt excavator trenching
239:or hydraulic drill attachment
58:Hydraulic excavator in action
1663:- produces Sumitomo and CASE
1473:Volvo Construction Equipment
1114:Volvo Construction Equipment
1057:Volvo Construction Equipment
1055:→The business was bought by
96:, being an evolution of the
67:heavy construction equipment
1031:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
1022:- ceased operations in 1997
1020:Marion Power Shovel Company
888:Case Construction Equipment
197:, especially, but not only
151:Invermere, British Columbia
2216:
1925:-F, Kevin (31 July 2009).
1420:LBX (Link-Belt) Excavators
973:LBX (Link-Belt) Excavators
553:rather than to mechanical
69:primarily consisting of a
2110:Al Marwan Heavy Machinery
1083:Sumitomo Heavy Industries
1273:Hyundai Heavy Industries
948:Hyundai Heavy Industries
221:, in conjunction with a
953:International Harvester
1764:Bucket-wheel excavator
1042:Orenstein & Koppel
752:
661:
600:
153:
59:
42:
1655:Italy-USA-Netherlands
1400:Bucyrus International
1141:Current manufacturers
883:Bucyrus International
795:Notable manufacturers
747:
674:Excavator attachments
659:
598:
148:
73:, dipper (or stick),
57:
33:
2185:Excavating equipment
2166:at Wikimedia Commons
2069:– via YouTube.
1739:Amphibious excavator
1734:Long reach excavator
1169:improve this article
827:improve this section
789:bulldozer-like blade
706:improve this section
500:improve this article
371:Louisville, Kentucky
1584:Switzerland-Germany
1224:Kato Works Co. Ltd.
1009:Larsen & Toubro
610:Some others have a
561:, 345 bar) for the
110:hydraulic cylinders
1870:The Glasgow Herald
1729:Dragline excavator
1713:Types of excavator
753:
662:
619:compact excavators
601:
536:compact excavators
369:350L excavator in
257:Aircraft recycling
154:
79:dragline excavator
60:
43:
2162:Media related to
1953:"Komatsu PW130-7"
1900:Bangor Daily News
1811:Skid-steer loader
1801:Mining simulation
1781:Civil engineering
1759:Walking excavator
1754:Suction excavator
1724:Compact excavator
1719:Crawler Excavator
1430:Terex Corporation
1201:
1200:
1193:
1104:Terex Corporation
863:
862:
855:
742:
741:
734:
532:
531:
524:
435:Crawler excavator
417:crawler excavator
410:Waterways Ireland
393:cable in central
231:for footings and
180:Forestry mulching
170:Material handling
55:
16:(Redirected from
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2200:Tracked vehicles
2195:Mining equipment
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2142:
2141:
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2083:. Archived from
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2019:
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1959:on 29 March 2010
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1872:. June 9, 1962.
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1410:Caterpillar Inc.
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34:An excavator in
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1902:. Jan 9, 2006.
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582:hydraulic motor
551:hydraulic pumps
538:. For example,
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1119:Wacker Neuson
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812:This section
810:
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773:quick coupler
770:
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722:February 2021
715:
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691:This section
689:
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638:quick coupler
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590:counterweight
587:
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578:undercarriage
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547:
545:
541:
540:Caterpillar's
537:
526:
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512:February 2021
505:
501:
495:
494:
489:This section
487:
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233:rock blasting
230:
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196:
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176:Forestry work
175:
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19:
2138:. Retrieved
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:the original
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2048:
2037:. Retrieved
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
1997:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1869:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1840:Yandram Blog
1839:
1830:
1816:SAE controls
1749:Steam shovel
1744:Power shovel
1694:
1686:
1674:
1666:
1654:
1632:
1621:
1613:
1602:
1594:
1583:
1568:
1557:
1549:
1540:ThyssenKrupp
1533:
1525:
1504:
1496:
1485:
1477:
1461:
1453:
1442:
1434:
1393:
1385:
1366:ProtoMicroTP
1354:
1346:
1285:
1277:
1261:
1253:
1213:
1202:
1187:
1178:
1167:Please help
1162:verification
1159:
978:ThyssenKrupp
849:
840:
825:Please help
813:
754:
728:
719:
704:Please help
692:
667:SAE controls
663:
646:
631:
627:
612:knuckle boom
602:
575:
571:spool valves
548:
533:
518:
509:
498:Please help
493:verification
490:
416:
243:Snow removal
155:
127:
102:power shovel
98:steam shovel
87:
62:
61:
2013:29 December
1937:29 December
1910:29 December
1880:29 December
1425:New Holland
1078:St Kinetics
1037:New Holland
893:Caterpillar
868:14. oktobar
642:tiltrotator
555:drivetrains
423:maintenance
419:, used for
367:Caterpillar
253:attachments
251:snow blower
223:pile driver
191:attachments
166:foundations
160:Digging of
124:Terminology
118:steel ropes
2180:Excavators
2174:Categories
2164:Excavators
2140:2021-04-25
2115:2024-06-27
2091:2009-11-22
2039:2023-10-03
1988:2024-07-23
1850:29 January
1822:References
1468:Sandvik AB
1415:John Deere
1381:Mini-pelle
1371:Mini-pelle
958:John Deere
923:Fiat-Allis
905:(formerly
898:CNH Global
781:bulldozers
185:Demolition
63:Excavators
18:Excavators
1776:Bulldozer
1683:(Persero)
1681:PT Pindad
1675:Indonesia
814:does not
693:does not
391:broadband
227:Drilling
164:, holes,
133:. In the
2134:Archived
2059:Archived
2033:Archived
2007:Archived
1963:13 April
1931:Archived
1904:Archived
1874:Archived
1844:Archived
1708:See also
1701:Hidromek
1590:Liebherr
1337:Zoomlion
1244:SUMITOMO
1134:Zoomlion
1093:Takeuchi
1015:Mahindra
994:Liebherr
943:Hidromek
247:snowplow
217:Driving
207:dredging
162:trenches
36:Alicante
1806:Tractor
1622:Algeria
1534:Germany
1516:L&T
1449:Hydrema
1443:Denmark
1405:Case CE
1361:Mecalac
1312:Shantui
1297:Lonking
1292:LiuGong
1229:Kobelco
1088:Shantui
1053:Samsung
1048:Poclain
1004:Lonking
999:LiuGong
983:Kobelco
968:Komatsu
938:Hydrema
835:removed
820:sources
785:compact
777:loaders
765:grapple
761:breaker
750:grapple
714:removed
699:sources
466:in 2008
397:in 2021
279:grounds
189:breaker
131:backhoe
108:, with
1796:Loader
1695:Turkey
1558:Russia
1462:Sweden
1355:France
1268:Doosan
1249:Yanmar
1239:Kubota
1129:Yanmar
989:Kubota
907:Daewoo
767:or an
757:bucket
650:Yanmar
634:bucket
413:Daewoo
229:shafts
195:Mining
94:wheels
90:tracks
75:bucket
2065:5 May
1770:Other
1628:ENMTP
1609:HEPCO
1505:India
1376:JMEKA
1286:China
1262:Korea
1214:Japan
928:HEPCO
913:ENMTP
873:Atlas
769:auger
586:blade
464:Japan
461:Chiba
421:canal
395:Ystad
375:thumb
341:India
273:Terex
245:with
237:auger
219:piles
204:River
141:Usage
83:winch
40:Spain
2067:2018
2015:2013
1965:2010
1939:2013
1912:2013
1882:2013
1852:2023
1603:Iran
1511:BEML
1322:XCMG
1307:SDLG
1302:SANY
1124:XCMG
1072:SDLG
1067:Sany
918:Ford
818:any
816:cite
779:and
697:any
695:cite
665:the
563:arms
249:and
112:and
71:boom
65:are
1492:JCB
1171:by
963:JCB
829:by
708:by
567:psi
559:psi
502:by
92:or
2176::
2132:.
2108:.
2057:.
2031:.
2005:.
1981:.
1929:.
1898:.
1868:.
1842:.
1838:.
544:hp
135:UK
85:.
38:,
2143:.
2118:.
2094:.
2042:.
2017:.
1991:.
1967:.
1941:.
1914:.
1884:.
1854:.
1194:)
1188:(
1183:)
1179:(
1165:.
856:)
850:(
845:)
841:(
837:.
823:.
735:)
729:(
724:)
720:(
716:.
702:.
621:.
525:)
519:(
514:)
510:(
496:.
377:.
20:)
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