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forming can combine forming and welding to produce lengths of fabricated sheeting (e.g. linear grating for water drainage). Most metallic materials, being at least somewhat ductile and capable of considerable permanent deformation without cracking or breaking, lend themselves particularly well to these techniques.
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converts flat sheet metal into 3-D parts by applying force without adding or removing material. The force must be great enough to change the metal's initial shape. Forming can be controlled with tools such as punches and dies. Machinery can regulate force magnitude and direction. Machine-based
434:, are also common. Plate steel is loaded on the table and the parts are cut out as programmed. The support table consists of a grid of bars that can be replaced when worn. Higher-end burn tables may include CNC punch capability using a carousel of punches and taps. In
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Fabrication shops and machine shops have overlapping capabilities, but fabrication shops generally concentrate on metal preparation and assembly (as described above). Machine shops cut metal, but focus primarily on the machining of parts on
521:. In this highly specialized work, heat is selectively applied to the steel in a slow, linear sweep, causing the steel to contract in the direction of the sweep as it cools. A highly skilled welder can remove significant warpage this way.
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of weldments due to heat. These may include redesigning the piece to require less welding, employing staggered welding, using a stout fixture, covering the weldment in sand as it cools, and post-weld straightening.
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Proper design and use of tools with machinery creates a repeatable form that can be used to create products for many industries, including jewelry, aerospace, automotive, construction, civil and architectural.
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may be used to locate parts for welding. A welder then finishes the work according to engineering drawings (for detailed welding) or by their own experience and judgement (if no details are provided).
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Welding is the main focus of steel fabrication. Formed and machined parts are assembled and tack-welded in place, then rechecked for accuracy. If multiple weldments have been ordered, a
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structures by cutting, bending and assembling processes. It is a value-added process involving the creation of machines, parts, and structures from various raw materials.
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Machining is a specialized trade of removing material from a block of metal to make it a desired shape. Fab shops generally have some machining capability, using metal
169:, and if awarded the contract, builds the product. Large fab shops employ a multitude of value-added processes, including welding, cutting, forming and machining.
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for cutting metal have hardened blades and feed mechanisms for even cutting. Abrasive cut-off saws, also known as chop saws, are similar to
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or air-bend metal sheet into form. CNC-controlled backgauges use hard stops to position cut parts to place bend lines in specific positions.
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are the usual materials for fabrication; welding wire, flux and/or fasteners are used to join the cut pieces.
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originally specialized in setting up grain mills and saw mills, but now perform a wide range of fabrication.
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Burn tables are CNC (computer-operated) cutting torches, usually powered by natural gas. Plasma and
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After the weldment has cooled, seams are usually ground clean, and the assembly can be
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A variety of tools are used to cut raw material. The most common cutting method is
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has always involved fabrication, although that term has not always been used.
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Fabrication comprises or overlaps with various metalworking specialties:
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Many fabrication shops offer specialty processes, including :
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and similar tools. Modern metal fabricators use press brakes to
646:"Precision Cutoff Services by Rathbone, Palmer, Massachusetts"
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Typically, a fabrication shop bids on a job, usually based on
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As with other manufacturing processes, both human labor and
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fabrication of structural steel by plasma and laser cutting
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Straightening of warped steel weldments is done with an
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are commonly used. A fabricated product may be called a
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Special measures may be needed to prevent or correct
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can cut large sections of steel with little effort.
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232:variants); torching with handheld torches (such as
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770:"What is fabrication? Explain forming operations"
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372:Standard metal fabrication materials are:
419:but have a steel-cutting abrasive disks.
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131:Learn how and when to remove this message
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343:originally specialized in fabricating
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685:"Metal Fabricating Glossary-Forming"
69:adding citations to reliable sources
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524:Steel weldments are occasionally
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630:. March 27, 2019. Archived from
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744:"Linear Surface Water Drainage"
284:(joining of pieces) is done by
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593:Electrical discharge machining
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798:staraluminiumscaffolds.com.au
794:"What is Steel Fabrication?"
27:Creation of metal structures
266:(manual or powered) or via
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712:Handbook of metal forming
670:"Plasma cutting machines"
608:Manufacturing engineering
650:www.rathboneprofiles.com
390:Welding wire/welding rod
244:(CNC) cutters (using a
30:For shaping metal, see
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674:Sunday, 17 March 2019
598:Form, fit and function
588:Contract manufacturing
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748:paigestainless.com.au
603:Interchangeable parts
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710:Lange, Kurt (1995).
167:engineering drawings
65:improve this article
824:Fabrication (metal)
400:Cutting and burning
158:is the creation of
80:"Metal fabrication"
519:oxyacetylene torch
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298:threaded fasteners
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147:A set of six-axis
689:thefabricator.com
566:Powder metallurgy
530:residual stresses
432:water jet cutters
242:numerical control
156:Metal fabrication
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691:(Definition)
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268:press brakes
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63:Please help
58:verification
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32:metalworking
754:20 February
547:Specialties
537:sandblasted
379:Formed and
376:Plate metal
357:Ironworkers
351:Millwrights
306:sheet metal
262:is done by
240:); and via
212:is done by
178:fabrication
18:Fabricators
803:2021-11-12
779:2022-07-31
721:0872634574
655:2018-08-28
614:References
417:miter saws
385:Tube stock
282:Assembling
224:(all with
222:chiselling
174:automation
91:newspapers
730:802867641
576:Machining
541:inspected
464:Machining
458:Machining
413:band saws
335:weldments
290:adhesives
264:hammering
254:water jet
250:mill bits
204:Processes
186:machining
182:fab shops
818:Category
582:See also
526:annealed
411:Special
406:shearing
294:riveting
218:shearing
121:May 2014
695:20 July
571:Welding
556:Casting
511:warping
504:fixture
490:Welding
484:Welding
447:Forming
442:Forming
394:Casting
345:boilers
286:welding
260:Bending
230:powered
210:Cutting
198:casting
194:forging
105:scholar
728:
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478:drills
470:lathes
331:Welder
226:manual
214:sawing
196:, and
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93:
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474:mills
246:laser
220:, or
160:metal
112:JSTOR
98:books
756:2016
726:OCLC
716:ISBN
697:2017
304:and
276:coin
228:and
84:news
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67:by
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