187:
at no additional cost to the dealers. Strohmeier requested the 48 U.S. Piper dealers to donate one Cub, which would represent the state of their choice. For every donation, Piper set aside 20 minutes of manufacturing time, which was sufficient to build one aircraft. A total of 49 Cubs were donated to support the fund raiser, one named for each of the 48 states, plus
William Piper's initial donation registered as NC1776. All funds collected went to the RAFBF and none went toward expenses.
225:
241:
249:
345:
391:
42:
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abbreviated "R.A.F. Benevolent Fund". The name of the state of each aircraft was painted on its nose cowl. All
Flitfires were manufactured at the Lock Haven plant in twelve days between 10 – 22 April 1941. The 49 Cubs were nicknamed "Flitfires" by Piper factory workers because of their markings, which were similar to the famed
296:
was equipped with a portable radio loaned by Lear Avia Inc. Control of the flights was possible through these radio sets, despite the fact the
Flitfires were not equipped with external antennas or shielded ignitions. The Flitfire Brigade's New York landing was the largest mass landing ever attempted up to that time.
376:
flight training facility at
Somerset Hills Airport. In September 1941, Ivan Stone of West Virginia flew his Flitfire to the now abandoned Princeton Airport in West Virginia. Also in 1941, Leo Arany flew a Flitfire to Clatsop Airport in Astoria, Oregon. In June 1941 Lon Cooper, a Civilian U.S. Army
319:
appointed Thomas Beck, President of the RAFBF, as the "Special and
Extraordinary Mayor of the City of New York" from 9:00 p.m. until the close of the festivities. The airplanes were christened simultaneously by 48 fashion models who popped red, white and blue toy air balloons that were fastened
211:
were painted on the wings and fuselage; a red, white and blue fin flash was painted on the vertical stabilizer. NC1776 was distinguished from the other 48 Flitfires by the full words "Royal Air Force
Benevolent Fund" painted on its fuselage to the rear of the RAF roundel; the other Flitfires had the
332:
The day after the ceremonies, the 48 Flitfires left LaGuardia for fund-raising tours, each heading to the state for which it was named. Subsequently, little is known about each
Flitfire. Many distributors used joy rides and other gimmicks to raise money for families of RAF pilots who had been lost
186:
as a grand national prize, with all proceeds going to the RAFBF. At the start of April 1941, Bill
Strohmeier, Piper’s Sales and Promotion Manager, then encouraged Piper dealers across the country to order further ones for their own use. The special silver finish with RAF-style insignia was included
414:
in
Asheboro, North Carolina. In 2015 "Flitfire New Jersey" won the Sentimental Journey Award for Best J-3 Cub. Also as of 2015, twelve Flitfires are airworthy and registered with the FAA. In 1963 a Flitfire was exported to Canada and in 1971 another was exported to Germany. In 1992 the Flitfire
323:
The festivities were held in the Kitty Hawk Room at the airport's administration building. There was a dinner and a show followed by cocktails. Next was the raffle drawing for NC1776, which was won by Jack
Krindler from New York City. This was followed by games which included a garter toss and a
295:
On Tuesday, 29 April 1941, the Flitfires left Flushing Airport and were ferried to LaGuardia Field in groups of six, plus squadron leader flying in close formation. The normal $ 2.50 landing fee was waived by Mayor LaGuardia. Traffic was handled by airport cars using two way radios. Each aircraft
401:
After the war, all the Flitfires vanished into private hands and into obscurity. Over the next 70 years many became non-airworthy. The few still flying were repainted the traditional yellow Cub color, concealing the Flitfire's history. As more was learned about their unique story, several were
232:
The silver Cubs that made up the "Flitfire Brigade" left Lock Haven on Sunday, 27 April 1941. T.H. Miller of the Lehigh Aircraft Co. was flight commander. Considerable preparations were made to organize the flight into military formation. The Flitfires were flown in precise formation by Piper
233:
employee-pilots, known as Cub Fliers. William Piper flew in the Brigade as a line pilot. Seven squadrons of seven airplanes took off, one after another, under direction of squadron leaders that included William Piper's brother, Tony Piper. The Cubs landed at Allentown-Bethlehem Airport (now
142:
This fund raising program consisted of 49 Flitfire aircraft, one paid for by Piper Aircraft and 48 by Piper distributors. All were built by Piper. There was a Flitfire named for each of the 48 states in the union at that time. These airplanes were colloquially known as "The Flitfire Brigade."
372:, where it served as a training plane for the Department of Defense. On 9 August 1941, a 17-year-old high school senior, Kenneth A Turner, won "Flitfire New Jersey" at the Basking Ridge Fire Company's 32nd annual carnival. Turner immediately sold it for $ 1,200.00 to the
409:
Since then at least three other Flitfires are known to have been restored to their original silver-doped finish: "Flitfire NC1776", "Flitfire New Jersey" and "Flitfire Indiana". After a meticulous restoration, "Flitfire NC1776" is on display at the
381:
in St. Petersburg, Florida. "Flitfire Wisconsin" was purchased 24 April 1941 by Stainislaw Aircraft Inc., a Piper dealer in West Bend, Wisconsin. It was sold to Racine Flying Service, Inc. in July 1941, who operated it in Wisconsin until 1951.
324:
state-of-the-art machine where guests could “Bomb Berlin for a Buck!” along with other entertainment. These activities raised more funds for the RAF. That night the 1,000 gala attendees raised an additional $ 12,000.00 for the RAFBF.
237:) for refueling. Despite 25 mph (40 km/h) winds, gusting to 35 mph (56 km/h), all Cubs landed in Allentown in 12 minutes. Five thousand people turned out to witness the quick refueling and departure.
206:
The other forty-eight Cubs had one of three engines: Continental, Lycoming or Franklin. To honor the RAF, instead of the signature yellow Cub color, the Flitfire airplanes were painted silver with RAF insignia.
203:, which had Congressional number HR1776. The March 1941 Lend Lease Act was the principal vehicle for the U.S. to provide military aid to foreign nations before its entry in World War II.
304:
More than 1,000 social and business leaders, stage and screen stars, and aviation enthusiasts attended a black tie event to celebrate the arrival of the Flitfire Cubs in
199:. The Civil Aeronautics Administration assigned registration number NC1776 to this aircraft, symbolizing the Benevolent Fund's aid to Britain in the same manner as the
402:
restored back to their original paint scheme. In 1991 "Flitfire Wisconsin", the 22nd Cub to come off Piper's Flitfire line on 16 April 1941, was restored at
1491:
333:
in combat. Some of the Flitfires were raffled off. Some Flitfires were sold to flight schools and continued to support the war by training pilots in the
195:
The first Flitfire, NC1776, a J3F-65, serial number 6600, was powered by a Franklin 65 hp (48 kW) engine that was donated by the manufacturer
1329:
256:
After a mass take off from Allentown, the airplanes flew in formation over the New York metropolitan area. The formation flight was first seen over
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2018:
431:
Factory records indicate that 51 aircraft were built. However, multiple publications of the time claim that only 48 actually flew to New York City.
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to support RAF casualties and their families, worked to provide welfare to the RAF and families who were affected in the new conflict.
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159:(RAF) suffered heavy casualties, losing 1,420 members: 520 in Fighter Command, 700 in Bomber Command and 200 in Coastal Command. The
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to the propeller of each aircraft. With Mayor LaGuardia looking on, William Piper turned over the airplanes to Thomas Beck.
818:
1043:
2011:
1787:
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406:
in Columbus, Ohio. It was the first Flitfire aircraft in the United States to be restored to the original 1941 colors.
373:
1299:"Ridge Carnival Most Successful, Chief Craig Says Best Since 1926. 'Flitfire' Airplane Awarded To High School Senior".
678:
224:
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1171:"'Flitfires' Start Drive For Britain, 48 Light Planes Bearing R.A.F. Insignia Stage Mass Landing at LaGuardia Field".
647:
461:
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However, there was not a Piper dealer in all 48 states, as some states had more than one dealer and others had none.
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Air Corps Primary Flight Instructor, reported training in a silver Flitfire at Johnston Flying Service at
135:
and its distributors donated special edition Piper J-3 Cubs as a publicity event and a fundraiser for the
2838:
2823:
2818:
2703:
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2312:
2135:
2130:
1981:
1908:
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308:. Also in attendance were the guests of honor, several Royal Navy officers whose ship, the battleship
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116:. The name "Flitfire" is a play on words referring to the RAF's most well-known fighter, the
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1951:
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139:. These donated Cubs — painted with Royal Air Force insignia — were known as "Flitfires."
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276:. A wide swing to the left 180 degrees brought the brigade down the river to the
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1044:"Fund Planes 'Flitfires', To be Named April 29 Before Starting National Tour"
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The original Flitfire, NC1776, was flown all over the United States on a
17:
1464:
1469:
389:
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Tour by several pilots, including J. Raymond Worth, Leo Arany and
343:
247:
239:
223:
178:. As an expression of encouragement to the RAF, Piper's President
112:
that was used to raise funds to support the British war effort in
1996:
174:
manufacturer in the United States, Piper Aircraft Corporation of
1415:. EAA Antique/Classic Division Inc. January 2005. pp. 14–18
2000:
1473:
751:"The Flitfire Cub: Piper's Little Known Pre-WWII Contribution"
1393:. EAA Antique/Classic Division Inc. February 1992. p. 17
1358:
Edwards, Randall (July 16, 1991). "Plane Has Proud History".
1286:"Glimpse of History: An airport tucked in the Somerset Hills"
315:, was in New York for repair and refit. New York City Mayor
120:, which was and is a symbol of British resistance during the
913:"Flitfire Brigade Starts Nation Wide Tour For R.A.F. Fund".
1330:"Lon Cooper recalls WWII Civilian Pilot Training Program"
1149:"Mass Fly-Away Of 48 Cubs In 'Flitfire Brigade' Sunday".
512:"Shindig at N. Y. Airport Opens Fund Drive for R.A.F.".
364:. After touring the U.S., NC1776 was sold to Safair, a
795:. Aviation Postcard Club International. September 2006
127:
In April 1941, prior to the United States' entry into
2781:
994:"Shindig at N.Y. Airport Opens Fund Drive for R.A.F."
770:
768:
2777:
1353:
1351:
2852:
2776:
2767:
2381:
2361:
2285:
2265:
2154:
2053:
2046:
2035:
1971:
1964:
1917:
1812:
1805:
1741:
1713:
1695:
1660:
1558:
1518:
1511:
1253:"Plane Arrives Here Today To Aid RAF Relief Fund".
851:. Northamptonshire, England: Vintage Aircraft Club.
1233:
1231:
1042:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
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728:
673:
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163:(RAFBF), an independent charity established post
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
558:
556:
2785:
1465:Image of restored NC37916 (Flitfire New Jersey)
1435:"Sentimental Journey Fly-in 2015 Award Winners"
1318:. Princeton, West Virginia. September 28, 1941.
842:
840:
838:
836:
603:"Piper RAF Benevolent Fund Flitfire Promotion"
2012:
1485:
1272:"North Carolina Aviation Museum Hall Of Fame"
847:Mason, Arthur (1991). "The 'Flitfire' Cubs".
8:
1018:
1016:
540:
538:
415:in Germany was reported to still be flying.
260:at which point they dipped in salute to the
216:aircraft used during the Battle of Britain.
1303:. Beardsville, New Jersey. August 14, 1941.
1153:. Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. April 23, 1941.
961:"The Biggest And Best Radio Premium...Ever"
719:"RAF Benevolent Fund, History and heritage"
2853:
2773:
2050:
2043:
2019:
2005:
1997:
1968:
1809:
1515:
1492:
1478:
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1385:
1383:
1188:
1186:
1184:
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988:
986:
984:
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812:
810:
468:, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 36–45
288:where they were parked before going on to
1266:
1264:
1257:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. June 7, 1941.
1242:. Florence, South Carolina. May 17, 1941.
1031:. Sharon & Steve Krog: 4. March 2014.
776:"Pilot Instructions for Flitfire Brigade"
49:"Flitfire Wisconsin" Rickenbacker Airport
1122:Strohmeier, William D. (February 1942).
624:. Alamo Liaison Squadron. Archived from
564:"Here and There, Fund Raising Flitfires"
616:
614:
612:
527:"48 Cubs Touring U. S. for RAF Funds".
452:
424:
1071:"Royal Air Force Supermarine Spitfire"
31:
348:Flitfire Texas in the field, ca. 1941
228:At Flushing Field in Queens, New York
7:
1097:"World War II: Supermarine Spitfire"
793:"Worth a Second Glance: Prize Piper"
280:, then east to a point south of the
27:Special edition of the Piper J-3 Cub
1238:"Comes In Behalf Royal Air Force".
705:"The Battle of Britain – Aftermath"
244:Flitfire Brigade's flight formation
235:Lehigh Valley International Airport
862:Dellenbusch, Jennifer (May 2011).
753:. EAA Vintage Aircraft Association
404:Rickenbacker International Airport
25:
1314:"Princeton City Airport Briefs".
933:"H.R. 1776 Lend-Lease Act (1941)"
817:Munson, Russell (December 1977).
59:Multipurpose light civil aircraft
1391:"What Our Members Are Restoring"
1175:. New York City. April 30, 1941.
155:(10 July - 31 October 1940) the
40:
2927:Single-engined tractor aircraft
1051:. New York City. April 20, 1941
921:(2). Piper Aircraft Corp. 1941.
877:(V). Aviation Group Limited: 35
648:"Cover of 'Plane on the Cover'"
516:. May 12, 1941. pp. 36–37.
460:Johnson, Dennis K. (May 2019),
335:Civilian Pilot Training Program
161:Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund
137:Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund
1374:"The Old Hangar: flitfire-wip"
1334:20th Century Aviation Magazine
1001:. May 12, 1941. pp. 36–37
412:North Carolina Aviation Museum
396:North Carolina Aviation Museum
252:Flight path over New York City
1:
1224:. Norwalk, Ohio. May 5, 1941.
1023:"N41CL - Flitfires History".
197:Air Cooled Motors Corporation
170:The RAFBF was supported by a
2932:Aircraft first flown in 1941
1413:"Not Just Another Cub Story"
191:Silver Cub with RAF insignia
108:is a special edition of the
2047:Single-engine prop aircraft
1128:Flying and Popular Aviation
683:Flying and Popular Aviation
652:Flying and Popular Aviation
220:From Lock Haven to New York
182:decided to donate a single
2948:
545:"How to Fly a Piper Cub".
1316:Bluefield Daily Telegraph
1197:. AOPA: 60. July 1, 1986.
549:. AOPA: 59. July 1, 1986.
350:Hans Groenhoff Collection
264:; then proceeded over to
88:10 – 22 April 1941
51:Columbus Ohio, July 1991
48:
39:
34:
2917:Aviation in World War II
1193:"A Flitfire's Odyssey".
679:"The Plane on the Cover"
654:: Front Cover. July 1941
487:"The Plane on the Cover"
462:"A Flitfire Flies Again"
274:George Washington Bridge
209:Royal Air Force roundels
176:Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
1255:Harrisburg Evening News
947:"H.R. 1776 Act at NARA"
574:(90): 349. May 15, 1941
493:. July 1941. p. 58
394:Flitfire NC1776 at the
864:"The All-American Cub"
398:
379:Albert Whitted Airport
353:
253:
245:
229:
2286:Multi-engine aircraft
1806:Military designations
1240:Florence Morning News
1222:Sandusky Star Journal
821:. Flying. p. 103
393:
370:Sunbury, Pennsylvania
347:
278:Empire State Building
251:
243:
227:
1613:PA-14 Family Cruiser
1103:on September 6, 2015
749:Platts, T.S. "Max".
628:on November 10, 2016
339:War Training Service
214:Supermarine Spitfire
118:Supermarine Spitfire
2659:Post War Airplane 8
2654:Post War Airplane 6
2649:Post War Airplane 1
2454:Cherokee Pathfinder
1608:PA-12 Super Cruiser
1195:AOPA Pilot Magazine
965:The Old Radio Times
547:AOPA Pilot Magazine
366:fixed-base operator
2922:High-wing aircraft
1288:. August 13, 2013.
1151:Lock Haven Express
1124:"Pilots' Paradise"
399:
354:
328:Fund raising tours
317:Fiorello LaGuardia
254:
246:
230:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2377:
2376:
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1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1960:
1959:
1801:
1800:
1589:PA-11 Cub Special
1585:
1362:. Columbus, Ohio.
1360:Columbus Dispatch
1336:. August 14, 2013
1210:naval-history.net
967:: 1. January 2011
386:Current Flitfires
368:(FBO) located in
352:Smithsonian, NASM
262:Statue of Liberty
153:Battle of Britain
122:Battle of Britain
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2939:
2855:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2749:Vagabond Trainer
2464:Cherokee Warrior
2449:Cherokee Cruiser
2051:
2044:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1969:
1965:Foreign variants
1810:
1773:Carbon Cub EX/FX
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1301:Beardsville News
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1113:
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1099:. Archived from
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1077:on July 21, 2015
1073:. Archived from
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1058:
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1033:
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1020:
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937:
936:
935:. April 9, 2021.
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300:Gala at New York
286:Flushing Airport
180:William T. Piper
95:
61:Type of aircraft
44:
32:
21:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2848:
2769:
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2744:Vagabond Deluxe
2373:
2357:
2277:
2261:
2150:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2025:
1995:
1986:
1956:
1913:
1797:
1737:
1709:
1691:
1656:
1652:PA-19 Super Cub
1647:PA-18 Super Cub
1640:PA-22 Tri-Pacer
1603:J-5 Cub Cruiser
1554:
1507:
1498:
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184:Piper J-3 Cub
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110:Piper J-3 Cub
107:
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83:
79:
77:First flight
76:
75:
72:
69:
67:Manufacturer
66:
65:
58:
55:
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47:
43:
38:
35:Flitfire Cub
33:
30:
19:
2770:designations
2729:Turbo Dakota
2714:Twin Stinson
2624:Pawnee Brave
2543:
2459:Cherokee Six
2040:designations
1783:Sport Cub S2
1743:Cub Crafters
1728:Supercruiser
1581:
1443:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
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1280:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1221:
1215:
1203:
1194:
1172:
1150:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1048:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1003:. Retrieved
996:
969:. Retrieved
964:
955:
941:
927:
918:
914:
879:. Retrieved
874:
870:
857:
849:Vintage News
848:
823:. Retrieved
797:. Retrieved
787:
755:. Retrieved
713:
699:
687:. Retrieved
682:
656:. Retrieved
651:
642:
630:. Retrieved
626:the original
576:. Retrieved
571:
567:
546:
531:. June 1941.
528:
522:
513:
507:
497:September 3,
495:. Retrieved
490:
481:
472:December 16,
470:, retrieved
465:
455:
436:
427:
408:
400:
355:
331:
322:
311:
303:
294:
282:World's Fair
270:Central Park
255:
231:
205:
194:
169:
150:
141:
129:World War II
126:
114:World War II
105:
103:
94:Number built
29:
2754:Western Cub
2724:Turbo Arrow
2549:Grasshopper
2539:Flite Liner
2509:Cub Special
2504:Cub Cruiser
1715:Backcountry
1662:Taylorcraft
1635:PA-20 Pacer
871:Piper Flyer
529:Aero Digest
466:Piper Flyer
284:grounds to
165:World War I
151:During the
2906:Categories
2639:PiperSport
2614:Pathfinder
2434:Challenger
1813:USAAF/USAF
1723:Mackey SQ2
1208:HMS Malaya
971:August 16,
881:August 16,
658:October 8,
622:"Flitfire"
448:References
147:Conception
2719:Tri-Pacer
2704:Super Cub
2694:Sky Sedan
2689:Sky Cycle
2514:Cub Cycle
2499:Cub Coupe
2474:Chieftain
2429:Caribbean
2054:High wing
2038:Numerical
1733:Super Cub
1107:August 7,
1081:August 7,
1025:Cub Clues
819:"The Cub"
266:Manhattan
85:Produced
2768:Military
2739:Vagabond
2709:Tomahawk
2684:Skycoupe
2669:Seminole
2664:Saratoga
2634:PiperJet
2584:Meridian
2544:Flitfire
2529:Enforcer
2489:Comanche
2469:Cheyenne
2444:Cherokee
2389:Aerostar
2266:Mid wing
2155:Low wing
2030:aircraft
1982:SAFAT 01
1761:CC18-180
1756:CC11-160
1751:CC11-100
1687:Model 19
1582:Flitfire
1512:Aircraft
1449:"NC1776"
1419:July 19,
1397:July 19,
1340:July 23,
1134:July 21,
1055:July 20,
1005:July 19,
825:July 19,
799:July 19,
757:July 19,
689:July 19,
632:July 19,
578:July 22,
358:War Bond
337:and the
106:Flitfire
18:Flitfire
2759:Warrior
2679:Sequoya
2609:Papoose
2479:Clipper
2439:Charger
2404:Arapaho
2394:Altaire
2036:Company
1975:(Sudan)
1788:Top Cub
1575:J-3 Cub
781:. 1941.
341:(WTS).
2804:UC-83B
2799:UC-83A
2674:Seneca
2644:Pocono
2619:Pawnee
2599:Navajo
2594:Mojave
2589:Mirage
2579:Malibu
2524:Dakota
2409:Archer
2399:Apache
2313:PA-31T
2232:PA-32R
1520:Taylor
1506:family
568:Flight
491:Flying
312:Malaya
2794:UC-83
2782:USAAF
2778:USAAC
2604:Pacer
2554:Lance
2424:Cadet
2419:Aztec
2414:Arrow
2382:Names
2369:PA-47
2353:PA-60
2348:PA-44
2343:PA-42
2338:PA-41
2333:PA-40
2328:PA-39
2323:PA-35
2318:PA-34
2308:PA-31
2303:PA-30
2298:PA-27
2293:PA-23
2273:PA-21
2257:PA-48
2252:PA-46
2247:PA-38
2242:PA-36
2237:PA-33
2227:PA-32
2222:PA-29
2217:PA-28
2212:PA-26
2207:PA-25
2202:PA-24
2197:PA-10
2177:PWA-8
2172:PWA-6
2167:PWA-1
2146:PA-22
2141:PA-20
2136:PA-19
2131:PA-18
2126:PA-17
2121:PA-16
2116:PA-15
2111:PA-14
2106:PA-12
2101:PA-11
2028:Piper
1973:SAFAT
1697:Dudek
1560:Piper
1501:Piper
1130:: 108
867:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
572:XXXIX
419:Notes
56:Role
2844:U-11
2834:TG-8
2829:O-59
2824:L-21
2819:L-18
2814:L-14
2786:USAF
2574:M700
2569:M600
2564:M500
2559:M350
2484:Colt
2362:Jets
2192:PA-8
2187:PA-7
2182:PA-6
2162:PT-1
1902:TG-8
1897:TG-6
1890:O-59
1885:O-57
1878:L-21
1866:L-18
1861:L-14
1837:C-93
1820:C-83
1793:XCub
1766:CC19
1421:2015
1399:2015
1342:2015
1136:2015
1109:2015
1083:2015
1057:2015
1007:2015
998:Life
973:2015
883:2015
875:VIII
827:2015
801:2015
759:2015
691:2015
660:2019
634:2015
580:2015
514:LIFE
499:2020
474:2021
310:HMS
268:and
104:The
2882:LBP
2877:LNP
2854:USN
2839:U-7
2809:L-4
2494:Cub
2096:P-4
2091:P-2
2086:P-1
2081:J-5
2076:J-4
2071:J-3
2066:J-2
2061:F-2
1952:LNT
1947:LMT
1935:LNP
1918:USN
1909:U-7
1854:F/G
1849:L-4
1844:L-2
1705:V-1
1568:J-2
1550:J-2
1543:H-2
1538:G-2
1533:F-2
1528:E-2
1504:Cub
1029:180
98:51
2908::
2887:UO
2872:NE
2867:HE
2862:AE
1940:NE
1930:HE
1925:AE
1382:^
1350:^
1332:.
1263:^
1230:^
1181:^
1159:^
1126:.
1047:.
1027:.
1015:^
981:^
963:.
917:.
891:^
873:.
869:.
835:^
809:^
767:^
727:^
681:.
668:^
650:.
611:^
588:^
570:.
566:.
555:^
537:^
489:.
464:,
292:.
131:,
124:.
2784:/
2780:/
2020:e
2013:t
2006:v
1871:C
1830:B
1825:A
1680:D
1675:B
1670:A
1584:)
1580:(
1493:e
1486:t
1479:v
1451:.
1437:.
1423:.
1401:.
1376:.
1344:.
1274:.
1138:.
1111:.
1085:.
1059:.
1009:.
975:.
949:.
919:V
885:.
829:.
803:.
761:.
721:.
707:.
693:.
662:.
636:.
605:.
582:.
501:.
20:)
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