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100:, from which it is derived, but emphasizes artistry over efficiency and speed. Freerunning involves interacting with physical obstacles in creative ways, such as by climbing, jumping or running; the obstacles may be purpose-built or may be part of a pre-existing natural or man-made environment. The movements are usually adopted from other sports, such as
219:, which included Foucan. This group trained together for several years and in 1997, through David Belle's brother, Jean-Francois, they started to attract attention and be invited to perform at events. The Yamakasi eventually split apart, though, because some members sought to find more individual expressions of the discipline.
164:
The central principle of freerunning is that one should express oneself by moving fluidly in one's environment; there are no limitations on the form of this movement. Foucan expands on a number of basic principles of the sport in his book,
141:
as a means of weapons avoidance and efficiently closing a distance to an opponent. Freerunning is derived from parkour, but it emphasizes not efficiency but artistry, allowing room for fancy flips and stylistic acrobatics.
156:. The name was coined from a suggestion by Guillaume Pelletier, who was working with the group of practitioners at this time. In the documentary, freerunning was defined as an English translation of parkour.
226:
had also been heavily featuring the same concepts in most of his films ever since the early 1980s from the other side of the globe. Yamakasi cited him as an influence on parkour. They drew influence from
796:
196:. He observed untrained native tribes in Africa with fantastic athletic ability and created the 'natural method' system to train people using the same ideas. His ideas eventually led to the
251:
Foucan wanted to create a discipline that was more personal to the individual than parkour and more easily adapted to suit each person's individual goals. His idea was similar to that of
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314:
16 August 2019 - Russia - It was reported that a person was "engaged in parkour on the roof" of a 9 story building and during a jump, fell off the roof and died from the fall.
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Note: Foucan has since said that the confusion regarding the roots of the term came out of the fact that he was still formulating his ideas at the time of the filming.
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2013 - Russia - A person attempted a backflip on the ledge of a roof of a 16 story building, but when attempting to land on the ledge, fell from the building and died.
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encourages people to think positively, suggesting that practitioners of freerunning will sometimes fall—largely because they think they might.
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259:. Foucan wanted to take everything that he had found useful and that he liked from his parkour experiences and combine it into one sport.
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112:. Freerunners can create their own moves, flows and lines in different landscapes. Practitioners of freerunning usually do
20:
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613:. Parkour and Freerunning Online: Your source of Parkour and Freerunning videos. November 5, 2015. Archived from
274:
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is an athletic and acrobatic discipline incorporating an aesthetic element, and can be considered either a
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In
Western Europe, the idea of moving past obstacles for personal development or sport originated with
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215:. 30 years later, other young people were attracted to these ideas and a small group formed, the
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200:('obstacle course', literally 'assault course'), which is now a standard of military training.
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Geographies, Mobilities, and
Rhythms over the Life-Course: Adventures in the Interval
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211:. When he moved to France and started a family, he passed on these ideas to his son,
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to highlight the youth partaking in freerunning as a form of freedom of expression.
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284:. With each appearance both the discipline and Foucan himself increased in fame.
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857:"13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a 9-storey building in Yelets and died"
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169:. Other practitioners have suggested other principles. For example,
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Athletic and acrobatic discipline incorporating an aesthetic element
834:
766:"Tracer died in St. Petersburg performing a somersault on the roof"
797:"Photo of a parkourist falling from a roof posted on social media"
93:
19:
This article is about the acrobatic activity. For other uses, see
885:
662:
East Asian
Cinemas: Exploring Transnational Connections on Film
361:
441:"Parkour Legends: Daniel Ilabaca, Tim Shieff and Oleg Vorslov"
293:
80:
827:"13-year-old boy fell from the roof of a nine-story building"
748:"Kashmir Freerunning Finding Freedom in the Art of Parkour"
501:"George HĂ©bert and the Natural Method of Physical Culture"
272:(2005). Foucan has appeared in other productions, such as
150:
The word "freerunning" was first used in the documentary
129:
Foucan developed freerunning as a more inclusive form of
96:
or a performance art, or both. Freerunning is similar to
235:, notably the acrobatic antics of Jackie Chan in his
120:, who discussed the subject in 2003 documentary film
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262:Foucan's early ideas were first spread through the
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344:"PARKOUR – A YOUNG SPORT WITH OLYMPIC AMBITIONS"
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26:
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722:"Enzo Knol – Find your way – London Real"
410:. U.K.: Michael O'Mara Books. p. 8.
398:
396:
394:
392:
936:World Freerunning and Parkour Federation
611:"Jackie Chan's Special Style Of Parkour"
335:
203:These ideas were picked up by a young
25:
464:
462:
133:. Parkour's efficient military style
7:
659:Hunt, Leon; Wing-Fai, Leung (2010).
366:World Freerunning Parkour Federation
116:as well. Freerunning was founded by
1214:Games and sports introduced in 2003
266:documentary (2003) and its sequel,
439:Declan Saldana (27 January 2012).
14:
795:Lutchenkova, Anna (7 July 2013).
1183:
1182:
863:. 17 August 2019. Archived from
833:. 16 August 2019. Archived from
469:Edwardes, Dan (22 August 2014).
239:, as well as the philosophy of
941:Australian Parkour Association
720:Knol, Enzo (28 October 2012).
589:. Intervista. pp. 71–79.
533:. Intervista. pp. 31–70.
1:
772:. 6 July 2013. Archived from
21:Free running (disambiguation)
348:European Olympic Committees
1230:
1158:Ultimate Parkour Challenge
628:Stratford, Elaine (2014).
185:
18:
1178:
137:training lends itself to
222:Meanwhile, action star
1148:Red Bull Art of Motion
1116:Mirror's Edge Catalyst
1035:District 13: Ultimatum
475:ParkourGenerations.com
237:Hong Kong action films
198:parcours du combattant
188:Parkour § History
557:Angel, Julie (2011).
1021:The Sons of the Wind
296:traveled to J&K
83:discussions underway
32:Famous practitioners
728:(Interview). London
695:Parkour Generations
304:Injuries and deaths
247:Further development
209:First Indochina War
28:
1138:Jump City: Seattle
1049:Choose Not to Fall
754:. 7 December 2014.
561:. pp. 17–20.
362:"What is Parkour?"
233:Asian martial arts
182:Origins in parkour
70:Asian martial arts
1196:
1195:
691:"Parkour History"
596:978-2-35756-025-3
568:978-0-9569717-1-5
540:978-2-35756-025-3
481:on 6 October 2014
471:"Parkour History"
417:978-1-56975-652-2
404:Foucan, Sebastien
87:
86:
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1102:Assassin's Creed
967:JĂ©rĂ´me Ben Aoues
962:SĂ©bastien Foucan
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281:Confessions Tour
118:Sebastien Foucan
36:Sebastien Foucan
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278:and Madonna's
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186:Main article:
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275:Casino Royale
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869:. Retrieved
865:the original
860:
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839:. Retrieved
835:the original
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809:. Retrieved
805:the original
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778:. Retrieved
774:the original
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742:
730:. Retrieved
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703:. Retrieved
699:the original
694:
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615:the original
605:
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583:Belle, David
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559:Ciné Parkour
558:
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527:Belle, David
521:
509:. Retrieved
505:the original
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483:. Retrieved
479:the original
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449:. Retrieved
445:the original
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370:. Retrieved
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269:Jump Britain
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257:Jeet Kune Do
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110:breakdancing
89:
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56:Luci Romberg
1133:Jackie Chan
1087:Video games
1070:Jump London
1028:District 13
957:David Belle
917:Freerunning
726:London Real
667:I.B. Tauris
408:Freerunning
264:Jump London
224:Jackie Chan
167:Freerunning
153:Jump London
139:martial art
123:Jump London
90:Freerunning
27:Freerunning
1203:Categories
1056:Freerunner
992:Tim Shieff
987:Ryan Doyle
801:Metro news
426:1843173301
331:References
160:Philosophy
102:gymnastics
48:Tim Shieff
44:Ryan Doyle
636:Routledge
253:Bruce Lee
241:Bruce Lee
146:Etymology
1188:Category
1153:Tricking
1014:Yamakasi
931:Yamakasi
770:Fontanka
705:13 March
585:(2009).
529:(2009).
406:(2008).
319:See also
217:Yamakasi
106:tricking
1209:Parkour
1077:Tracers
913:Parkour
831:gorod48
587:Parkour
531:Parkour
485:12 June
298:Kashmir
177:History
131:parkour
114:parkour
98:parkour
66:Parkour
924:Groups
871:9 July
861:Relrus
841:8 June
811:2 June
780:2 June
732:3 July
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511:3 July
451:3 July
424:
414:
372:24 May
368:. 2018
1163:Vault
1126:Other
1006:Films
213:David
94:sport
915:and
873:2021
843:2020
813:2020
782:2020
734:2013
707:2019
671:ISBN
640:ISBN
591:ISBN
563:ISBN
535:ISBN
513:2013
487:2015
453:2013
422:ASIN
412:ISBN
374:2018
231:and
752:BBC
294:BBC
108:or
81:IOC
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