543:
473:
1593:
163:
1715:
131:
90:
70:
60:
589:. The rubble was used to reinforce district roads for the division's tanks. According to German estimates, 85% to 90% of the town was destroyed, making it one of the most devastated towns in Germany at the time. Vokes commented that he had "No feeling of remorse over the elimination of Friesoythe." The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) were awarded the battle honour "Friesoythe".
469:
Cologne, Münster, Osnabrück and other cities were only in circulation until 1235. Today's city center was soon surrounded by a massive city wall and was long considered impregnable. 1308 Friesoythe was first mentioned as a town. Friesoythe is occasionally referred to as a "Hanseatic town" and is said to have enjoyed
Hanseatic privileges. It is unclear whether Friesoythe actually belonged to the Hanseatic League.
45:
1574:(Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970) 8-29. Wöhrmann was the first to make a serious examination of the issue, and this work is a ground-breaking study of great value which identifies many of the relevant sources. Unfortunately Wöhrmann, a former soldier himself, reports he was unable to make any contact with the German paratroopers who defended Friesoythe.
170:
138:
112:
97:
107:
580:
Vokes ordered an immediate reprisal. "A first-rate officer of mine, for whom I had a special regard and affection, and in whom I had a particular professional interest because of his talent for command, was killed. Not merely killed, it was reported to me, but sniped in the back". According to Vokes,
576:
commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel Frederick E. Wigle. The attack went well, with the Argylls securing the town by 10:30 hours. However, at 08:30 a small number of German soldiers caught Wigle's tactical headquarters by surprise, killing Wigle and several other soldiers. Lieutenant Alan Earp survived a
468:
in
Friesoythe, which had just been built, his residence. Farmers, merchants and craftsmen quickly settled near the castle. As early as the first half of the 13th century, Friesoythe had extensive trade relations, as evidenced by the coin find from Friesoythe, whose more than 300 silver coins from
106:
105:
1345:
The
Friesoythe Amtsgericht, or District Court, was closed on April 11th. If the District Court ceased to function on April 11, 1945, the evacuation of the bulk of the civilian population probably took place between April 11th through April 12th 1945. It was clearly a German and not a Canadian
1374:
War Diary, Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders of Canada, April 14, 1945, pp. 10-11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005. The same entry for April 14th, 1945, is also reprinted in Robert L. Fraser's Black Yesterdays; the Argylls’s War, p. 431. Interview with Alan
1384:
All the published accounts relate that Col. Wigle was shot in the back. However, Dr. Doug Bryce, the
Medical Officer of the Argylls, said that he was shot in the head. Dr. Bryce thought very highly of Wigle ("the most wonderful man I have ever met"). Interview with Dr. Bryce, May 11,
1512:. Hamilton, ON: Argyll Regimental Foundation, 1996. A work of 608 pp., numerous photographs, many illustrations, (some col.) limited to 1,000 copies. A lavish, massive, even monumental history of the Canadian Argylls during World War II and a model of its kind.
584:
Units and soldiers of the
Argylls had spontaneously begun burning buildings in Friesoythe as revenge for the death of their colonel, but Vokes later issued a direct order, and the town was systematically set on fire with flamethrowers mounted on
102:
113:
542:
95:
1355:
War Diary, General Staff, 4th
Canadian Armoured Division, 1 April 1945-30 April 1945. Appendix 38; dated April 14th, 1945. National Archives of Canada, Ottawa, ON, RG 24, vol. no. 13794. Intelligence report signed: E. Sirluck,
100:
111:
573:
1623:
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98:
108:
109:
101:
103:
1616:
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1609:
110:
1752:
1462:
1394:
Chris Vokes, Vokes: My Story, 194-195. A similar account of Vokes and his role in the destruction of
Friesoythe is found in Tony Foster’s Meeting of Generals, 437.
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1289:(c. 1330–1397), theologian and philosopher, co-founder of the Catholic Faculty of Theology of the University of Vienna
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558:. Most of the town's population of 4,000 had moved out to the surrounding countryside on about April 11–12, 1945.
1439:
1329:"LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022"
1286:
1213:
618:
597:
Friesoythe has grown from a village to a small city and shares traditional and modern style buildings of German
569:
on April 13. The Lake
Superior Regiment suffered two dead and nineteen wounded. German casualties are not known.
94:
366:
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59:
1633:
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461:
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1549:. By Major General Chris Vokes with John P. Maclean. Memorial Edition. Ottawa, ON: Gallery Books, 1985.
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347:
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1255:
1249:
1555:, April 14, 1945, pp. 10–11. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, v. 15,005
1225:
525:
1567:, April 14, 1945, p. 15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, no. 13,794.
1219:
521:
497:
481:
465:
1561:, April 12, 1945, sheet 15. Ottawa, ON, Canada. National Archives of Canada, RG 24, Vol. 15,099.
44:
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501:
239:
449:
328:
1346:
initiative. Ferdinand Cloppenburg, Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert, 173.
480:
Friesoythe shares a diverse culture in Lower Saxony history. Many cultural influences of
1592:
642:
581:"I summoned my GSO1 . . 'Mac,' I roared at him, 'I'm going to raze that goddam town.'"
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433:
244:
1524:. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung. 2. Aufl. Hrsg. vom Landkreis Emsland. Meppen: 1988.
1437:
Cloppenburg, Ferdinand (1996). "Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert".
1694:
1659:
1365:
Mark Zuehlke, On To Victory: The Canadian Liberation Of The Netherlands, p. 308
610:
517:
493:
485:
445:
546:
Ruins of Friesoythe after the city was burned by Canadian troops in April 1945.
1522:
Landkreis Emsland. Wege aus dem Chaos; Das Emsland und Niedersachsen 1945-1949
354:
333:
1459:
World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
550:
In April 1945, the town of Friesoythe was evacuated and then occupied by the
212:
199:
1704:
1699:
626:
513:
1644:
1649:
654:
622:
561:
The town was defended by some 200 paratroopers of Battalion Raabe of the
1689:
1684:
1654:
1407:. See the section entitled "The Burning of Friesoythe?" on pp. 435–437.
614:
602:
505:
437:
232:
1679:
1664:
1443:. Vol. 7 (20th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. pp. 165, 189.
634:
441:
621:
are settled giving the city a modern appearance and lively feeling.
1540:
The Victory Campaign; the Operation in North-West Europe, 1944–1945
574:
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)
541:
471:
269:
1461:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1455:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"
637:
service are all available in the city centre. The city has good
425:
35:
1605:
1271:(1894–1969), farmer and politician, member of Oldenburg Landtag
630:
1586:
1536:
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War
401:
1713:
1570:
August Wöhrmann, "Die Kämpfe 1945 in und um Friesoythe," IN
1559:
War Diary, 1st Battalion, The Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)
88:
669:
Climate data for Friesoythe-Altenoythe (1991–2020 normals)
572:
Vokes ordered the resumption of the attack the next day by
1498:. Friesoythe: Cloppenburg, 2003. Limited to 1,000 copies.
1565:
War Diary, General Staff, 4th Canadian Armoured Division
565:. These paratroopers repelled the first attack by the
1553:
War Diary, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada
1308:"Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 12. September 2021"
85:
Location of Friesoythe within Cloppenburg district
1529:
A Date with History; Memoirs of a Canadian Historian
1419:Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals, iUniverse, 2000,
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1496:Die Stadt Friesoythe im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert
92:
448:, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of
1617:
8:
1489:Warpath; the Story of the Algonquin Regiment
1624:
1610:
1602:
1591:
1491:, 1939–1945. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1948.
665:
444:, 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of
21:
16:Town in Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
1753:Populated places established in the 1220s
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504:culture are noticeable in the town and
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41:
294:247.14 km (95.42 sq mi)
1572:Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970
1518:. Friesoythe: Stadt Friesoythe, 1970.
1516:Friesoythe 25 Jahre danach: 1945-1970
1333:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen
1315:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen
1252:: 15 November 1996 – 31. October 2014
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7:
1505:. Toronto; New York: Methuen, c1986.
508:. The town has a large following of
1510:Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War
1405:Black Yesterdays; the Argylls' War
1246:: 11 April 1984 – 14 November 1996
1234:: 20 October 1967 – 1 October 1972
169:
137:
14:
1240:: 14 November 1972 – 2 March 1984
1193:World Meteorological Organization
1542:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1960.
1210:: 7 April 1945 – 2 February 1946
657:integrated into its population.
552:4th Canadian (Armoured) Division
168:
161:
136:
129:
68:
58:
43:
567:Lake Superior Regiment (Motor)
1:
1283:(born 1969), politician (CDU)
563:7th German Parachute Division
19:Town in Lower Saxony, Germany
1632:Towns and municipalities in
1531:. Ottawa, ON: Deneau, c1983?
1002:Average precipitation days
858:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
718:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
524:and also under rule to the
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1190:
668:
535:
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1640:
1287:Heinrich Totting von Oyta
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688:
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577:bullet through the head.
512:and small percentages of
193:
123:
82:
54:
42:
33:
1748:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
184:Show map of Lower Saxony
1494:Ferdinand Cloppenburg,
619:multinational companies
430:district of Cloppenburg
1743:Cloppenburg (district)
1719:
1634:Cloppenburg (district)
1508:Robert L. Fraser, ed.
1440:Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
1281:Franz-Josef Holzenkamp
1277:(born 1959), biologist
547:
477:
323:93/km (240/sq mi)
116:
1738:Towns in Lower Saxony
1717:
1238:Ferdinand Cloppenburg
1228:: 1953 – 28 July 1967
545:
528:in the 18th century.
520:. It was part of the
475:
346: • Summer (
302:6 m (20 ft)
115:
538:Razing of Friesoythe
462:Otto von Tecklenburg
389:Vehicle registration
320: • Density
213:53.02056°N 7.85861°E
1503:Meeting of Generals
1049:Average snowy days
788:Daily mean °C (°F)
476:Friesoythe in 1906.
209: /
152:Show map of Germany
1720:
1465:on 12 October 2023
1403:Robert L. Fraser,
1317:. 13 October 2021.
1232:Heinrich Olberding
548:
522:Duchy of Oldenburg
478:
312: • Total
291: • Total
117:
1725:
1724:
1258:: 1 November 2014
1208:Gerhard Wreesmann
1198:
1197:
1098:relative humidity
556:Christopher Vokes
510:Roman Catholicism
414:Saterland Frisian
407:
406:
402:www.friesoythe.de
218:53.02056; 7.85861
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1587:Official website
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1034:
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1025:
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1019:
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994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
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954:
949:
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939:
934:
931:
930:precipitation
926:
920:
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895:
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865:
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639:communication
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:style. Large
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
587:Wasp Carriers
582:
578:
575:
570:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
544:
539:
531:
529:
527:
526:French Empire
523:
519:
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511:
507:
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280:
276:
271:
268: •
258:
257:Cloppenburg
255:
253:
246:
243:
241:
234:
231:
222:
194:Coordinates:
164:
132:
71:
61:
46:
37:
32:
23:
1718:Coat of arms
1674:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1538:. Vol. III.
1535:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1482:Bibliography
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1458:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1404:
1399:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1323:
1302:
932:mm (inches)
599:architecture
596:
593:21st century
583:
579:
571:
560:
549:
494:East Frisian
479:
459:
434:Lower Saxony
421:
417:
409:
408:
367:Postal codes
245:Lower Saxony
74:Coat of arms
1660:Cloppenburg
1597:(in German)
1222:: 1948–1953
1220:Heinz Stuke
1216:: 1946–1948
611:Renaissance
518:Lutheranism
486:Anglo-Saxon
466:Oite Castle
446:Cloppenburg
216: /
177:Friesoythe
145:Friesoythe
27:Friesoythe
1732:Categories
1675:Friesoythe
1469:12 October
1294:References
1051:(≥ 1.0 cm)
1004:(≥ 1.0 mm)
410:Friesoythe
307:Population
263:Government
204:07°51′31″E
201:53°01′14″N
1705:Saterland
1700:Molbergen
1427:, p. 437.
645:and many
633:service,
627:schooling
607:Victorian
514:Calvinism
450:Oldenburg
416:language
355:UTC+02:00
334:UTC+01:00
329:Time zone
299:Elevation
1695:Löningen
1191:Source:
1186:1,698.2
1096:Average
928:Average
655:Russians
623:Hospital
506:citizens
252:District
1690:Lindern
1685:Lastrup
1655:Cappeln
997:(30.2)
992:(2.92)
987:(2.44)
982:(2.44)
977:(2.80)
972:(2.97)
967:(3.04)
962:(2.76)
957:(2.23)
952:(1.86)
947:(2.10)
942:(2.12)
937:(2.54)
923:(43.2)
918:(34.7)
913:(38.3)
908:(44.6)
903:(50.2)
898:(55.2)
893:(55.9)
888:(52.3)
883:(46.8)
878:(39.9)
873:(35.2)
868:(32.7)
863:(32.4)
853:(50.0)
848:(38.7)
843:(43.0)
838:(50.7)
833:(57.7)
828:(64.0)
823:(64.9)
818:(61.2)
813:(55.8)
808:(48.6)
803:(41.5)
798:(37.4)
793:(36.7)
783:(57.2)
778:(42.6)
773:(47.8)
768:(57.9)
763:(66.9)
758:(73.6)
753:(74.1)
748:(69.8)
743:(64.8)
738:(57.6)
733:(48.7)
728:(42.6)
723:(40.6)
661:Climate
615:Baroque
609:style,
603:Bauhaus
502:Swedish
456:History
438:Germany
428:in the
424:, is a
398:Website
383:0 44 91
233:Germany
229:Country
1680:Garrel
1665:Emstek
1645:Barßel
1423:
1202:Mayors
1177:112.5
1174:163.1
1171:216.2
1168:224.2
1165:211.9
1162:191.2
1159:171.0
1156:134.7
1044:189.8
674:Month
635:health
498:Danish
482:German
442:Soeste
315:22,945
49:Church
1670:Essen
1650:Bösel
1385:1998.
1375:Earp.
1356:Capt.
1311:(PDF)
1183:54.5
1180:69.0
1153:85.2
1150:64.7
1139:82.8
1136:90.5
1133:90.4
1130:87.0
1127:85.3
1124:79.8
1121:77.6
1118:75.5
1115:74.7
1112:76.7
1109:81.5
1106:85.7
1103:89.4
1091:13.1
1041:19.2
1038:17.5
1035:17.1
1032:14.6
1029:14.8
1026:14.9
1023:14.8
1020:13.5
1017:13.7
1014:15.3
1011:16.5
1008:18.1
713:Year
651:Poles
490:Dutch
464:made
412:, in
372:26169
270:Mayor
240:State
1471:2023
1421:ISBN
1100:(%)
1088:2.9
1085:0.7
1082:0.1
1061:1.6
1058:3.5
1055:4.3
990:74.2
985:61.9
980:61.9
975:71.0
970:75.5
965:77.3
960:70.2
955:56.6
950:47.3
945:53.3
940:53.8
935:64.6
901:10.1
896:12.9
891:13.3
886:11.3
851:10.0
836:10.4
831:14.3
826:17.8
821:18.3
816:16.2
811:13.2
781:14.0
766:14.4
761:19.4
756:23.1
751:23.4
746:21.0
741:18.2
736:14.2
710:Dec
707:Nov
704:Oct
701:Sep
698:Aug
695:Jul
692:Jun
689:May
686:Apr
683:Mar
680:Feb
677:Jan
653:and
641:and
613:and
516:and
500:and
426:town
359:CEST
286:Area
64:Flag
36:Town
995:767
921:6.2
916:1.5
911:3.5
906:7.0
881:8.2
876:4.4
871:1.8
866:0.4
861:0.2
846:3.7
841:6.1
806:9.2
801:5.3
796:3.0
791:2.6
776:5.9
771:8.8
731:9.3
726:5.9
721:4.8
631:bus
422:Äit
420:or
418:Ait
393:CLP
348:DST
338:CET
279:SPD
1734::
1457:.
1412:^
1313:.
1079:0
1076:0
1073:0
1070:0
1067:0
1064:0
649:,
629:,
625:,
605:,
601:,
496:,
492:,
488:,
484:,
452:.
436:,
432:,
1625:e
1618:t
1611:v
1473:.
1335:.
361:)
357:(
350:)
340:)
336:(
281:)
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