4918:
4581:
302:
489:
4550:
1025:
1513:
5536:
4255:
5763:
6661:
5522:
813:
4213:, supported by law 482/1999, which protects linguistic minorities. Therefore, optional teaching of Friulian has been introduced in many primary schools. An online newspaper is active, and there are also a number of musical groups singing in Friulian and some theatrical companies. Recently, two movies have been made in Friulian (
4306:
A challenge that
Friulian shares with other minority languages is to codify a standard variety and a suitable writing system. The regional law 15/1996 approved a standard orthography, which represents the basis of a common variant and should be used in toponyms, official acts, written documents. The
4422:
Opponents of the standardisation, on the other hand, insist that the standard language, being artificially created, is totally inadequate to represent the local variations, particularly from differences in the phonetic pronunciation of the words in each variant that may, in some cases, even require
4410:
There have been several critics of the standardisation of
Friulian, mainly from speakers of local varieties that differ substantially from the proposed standard; they also argue that the standard could eventually kill local variants. The supporters of standardisation refer to the various advantages
530:
of administration. The text itself did not survive so its language cannot be examined, but its attested existence testifies to a shift of languages while, for example, other important communities of
Northern Italy were still speaking Latin. The languages spoken before the arrival of the Romans in
853:
The first texts in
Friulian date back to the 13th century and are mainly commercial or juridical acts. The examples show that Friulian was used together with Latin, which was still the administrative language. The main examples of literature that have survived (much from this period has been
500:
and surrounding areas. Some claim that it had peculiar features that later passed into
Friulian. Epigraphs and inscriptions from that period show some variants if compared to the standard Latin language, but most of them are common to other areas of the Roman Empire. Often, it is cited that
4721:
La bolp e jere di gnûf famade. In chel e a viodût un corvat poiât suntun pin, ch'al tigneve un toc di formadi tal bec. "Chel si che mi plasarès!" e a pensât le bolp, e e disè al corvát: "Ce biel che tu sês! Se il to cjant al é biel come il to aspiet, di sigûr tu sês il plui biel di ducj i
4443:
has words ending with -e. It is used in official documents and generally considered standard. Some people see it as the least original but one of the most recent variants since it does not show interesting features found in other variants, as it has
Venetian
3353:(stone), whose plural forms, clâfs and claps, are often pronounced with no f or p, respectively (clâs, clas) so the longer a in the former is all that distinguishes it from the latter. A final -ç, which is pronounced either as the
2166:
in the standard language (based on the
Central dialects) correspond to two different sounds in the Western dialects (including Codroipo). These sounds are not distributed randomly but correspond to different origins: Latin short
4604:(ç). The letter q is used only for personal names and historical toponyms, and in every other case, it is replaced by c. Besides that, k, x, w, and y appear only in loan words so they are not considered part of the alphabet.
1486:
varieties. In some
Friulian dialects (e.g. Western dialects), corresponding to Central are found . Note in addition that, due to various sound changes, these sounds are all now phonemic; note, for example, the minimal pair
626:
4524:
In the 13th century, early literary works in
Friulian were based on the language spoken in Cividale del Friuli, which was the most important town in Friuli. The endings in -o, which now is restricted to some villages in
2307:
It is quite possible that vowel lengthening occurred originally in all stressed open syllables, and was later lost in non-final syllables. Evidence of this is found, for example, in the divergent outcome of Vulgar Latin
4466:), has words that end with -a. This variant has been known since the origins of the language and was used as official literary language by the Friulians of the Austrian Empire. It was influenced by German and Slavic.
4270:
and one in
Friulian. Only the Italian is official and used in administration, but it is widely expected that the Friulian ones will receive partial acknowledgement in the near future. For example, the city of
4307:
standard is based on Central Friulian, which was traditionally the language used in literature already in 1700 and afterwards (the biggest examples are probably Pieri Çorut's works) but with some changes:
609:). The first written records of new Friulian have been found in administrative acts of the 13th century, but the documents became more frequent in the following century, when literary works also emerged (
3357:"-ch" (in central Friulian) or as "-s", is pluralized in writing as -çs, regardless of whether the pluralized pronunciation is "-s" or "-ts" (it varies according to dialect): messaç / messaçs (message).
2396:. This produces long vowels in non-final syllables, and was apparently a separate, later development than the primary lengthening in open syllables. Note, for example, the development of Vulgar Latin
3309:
In some Friulian dialects, there are many words whose final consonant becomes silent when the -s is added. The words include just about all those whose singular form ends in -t. The plural of
895:
There are few differences in the first two rows, which demonstrates that there has not been a great evolution in the language except for several words which are no longer used (for example,
2772:
changing. Still, there are some purists, including those influential in Friulian publishing, who frown on such words and insist that the "proper" Friulian terms should be without the final
396:
4020:(9%) words are many, because the substrate of the Vulgar Latin spoken in Friuli, was the Rhaetic language and the Karn-Celtic language. ("bâr", wood; "clap/crap", stone;"cjâr", plow)
480:. Documents in Friulian are attested from the 11th century and poetry and literature date as far back as 1300. By the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in the language.
4636:
from the names of the scholars who proposed it. It is less common, probably also because it is more difficult for a beginner for its use of letters, such as č, that are typical of
4419:, which pose a serious threat to Friulian's future development. They also point out that it is a written standard without affecting pronunciation, which can follow local variants.
5286:
4855:
562:, a Celtic population. In modern Friulian, the words of Rhaetic, Venetic or Celtic origin include terms referring to mountains, woods, plants, or animals, as well as local
7025:
4942:
1970:
Friulian dialects differ in their treatment of long vowels. In certain dialects, some of the long vowels are actually diphthongs. The following chart shows how six words (
605:
origin. From that evidence, scholars today agree that the formation of new Friulian dates back to circa 500 AD, at the same time as other dialects derived from Latin (see
5246:
4005:
Most vocabulary is derived from Latin, with substantial phonological and morphological changes throughout its history. Therefore, many words are shared with the other
2953:
must agree in gender and number with the noun it qualifies. Most adjectives have four forms for singular (masculine and feminine) and plural (masculine and feminine):
9112:
5044:
Schumacher, Stefan; Kluge, Sindy (2013–2017). Salomon, Corinna (ed.). "Thesaurus Inscriptionum Raeticarum". Department of Linguistics. of the University of Vienna
2662:
Note that in some Friulian dialects the -e feminine ending is actually an -a or an -o, which characterize the dialect area of the language and are referred to as
4814:
5806:
5751:
7223:
4967:
617:. The Friulian language has never acquired primary official status: legal statutes were first written in Latin, then in Venetian and finally in Italian.
5105:
Marchesini, Simona (2013). "I rapporti etrusco/retico-italici nella prima Italia alla luce dei dati linguistici: il caso della "mozione" etrusca".
1418:
Note that, in the standard language, a phonemic distinction exists between true palatal stops and palatoalveolar affricates . The former (written
5669:
5712:
1994:"wall") are pronounced in four dialects. Each dialect uses a unique pattern of diphthongs (yellow) and monophthongs (blue) for the long vowels:
686:
language. Many features that Ascoli thought were peculiar to the Rhaeto-Romance languages can, in fact, be found in other languages of Northern
7018:
5691:
7674:
6468:
4172:
meaning train). Such neologisms are currently used even if they're not accepted in the official dictionary (for example the verb "to iron" is
5184:
5014:
5576:
4108:
origins), Celtic and Rhaetic roots (what still remained of the languages spoken before the Romans came). Examples of the first category are
4435:. They are usually distinguished by the last vowel of many parts of speech (including nouns, adjectives, adverbs), following this scheme:
3548:
Nouns ending in "s" do not change spelling in the plural, but some speakers may pronounce the plural -s differently from the singular -s.
1363:
858:) are poems from the 14th century and are usually dedicated to the theme of love and are probably inspired by the Italian poetic movement
5622:
7348:
7236:
5717:
1370:
3064:
To form the plural of masculine and feminine nouns ending in -e, the -e is changed to -is (whilst a/o-ending dialects simply add an s)
5729:
8463:
7011:
5226:
5143:
379:
8523:
5744:
5633:
4451:, has several variants. The language can vary with the valleys and words can end in -o, -e or -a. It is the most archaic variant.
1295:
1231:
5617:
4073:, to shout). Furthermore, many Slavic words have entered Friulian through the centuries-long neighbouring between Friulians and
2223:
when the following vowel was lost. Friulian vowel length has no relation to vowel length in Classical Latin. For example, Latin
674:. The three languages are the only survivors of this family and all developed differently. Friulian was much less influenced by
7811:
7416:
7216:
6321:
5897:
4432:
1589:
1584:
1281:
311:
5593:
8611:
8512:
3993:, easily). It is more common in the written language; in the spoken language people frequently use other forms or locutions (
1617:
4878:
4841:
4806:
4781:
4770:
4759:
2764:(train). Many of the words have been fully absorbed into the language and even form their plurals with the regular Friulian
743:
Friuli was, until the 1960s, an area of deep poverty, causing a large number of Friulian speakers to emigrate. Most went to
2538:
analyses of vowel length in Friulian often claim that it occurs predictably in final syllables before an underlying voiced
2459:). This represents a late, secondary development, and some conservative dialects have the expected length distinction here.
8419:
8097:
1327:
1258:
6991:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
4946:
866:(which means "My pear, all colored"); it was composed by an anonymous author from Cividale del Friuli, probably in 1380.
8546:
7949:
7163:
7153:
5703:
5673:
4712:
4483:. Words end with -a or -e, but the strong Venetian influence, makes it be considered one of the most corrupted variants.
4263:
4249:
4200:
words (such as computer, monitor, mouse and so on) have entered the Friulian vocabulary through Italian. (more than 1%).
1647:
1642:
1603:
1598:
1313:
1288:
1224:
274:
2542:, which is then devoiced. Analyses of this sort have difficulty with long-vowel contrasts that occur non-finally (e.g.
662:. In 1871, he presented his theory that these three languages are part of one family, which in the past stretched from
9145:
8987:
8425:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7323:
7190:
5737:
5461:
1626:
1556:
1551:
207:
9140:
8708:
8280:
7715:
7273:
7209:
7173:
6524:
6113:
5654:
3627:, they are never stressed; they are used together with the verb to express the subject and can be found before the
1377:
1143:
548:
8207:
8295:
7816:
7657:
7624:
7372:
7301:
7283:
7266:
7261:
7251:
6337:
5846:
5367:
1320:
1251:
1157:
901:, a word which means "child"). A modern Friulian speaker can understand these texts with only little difficulty.
502:
131:
116:
9000:
8904:
7777:
7504:
7452:
7034:
6603:
6594:
5999:
4975:
2369:
1570:
1565:
1475:
1150:
441:
421:
321:
286:
141:
8368:
1918:
Long vowels are typical of the Friulian language and greatly influence the Friulian pronunciation of Italian.
4537:
and the most common ending was -a; only from the 16th century on, -e endings were used in standard Friulian.
292:
7913:
7794:
7767:
7643:
7589:
7296:
7256:
7185:
6763:
6748:
6534:
6442:
6299:
6176:
5979:
3789:
have one of four endings, -â, -ê, -i, -î; removing the ending gives the root, used to form the other forms (
2535:
1180:
1164:
904:
The second important period for Friulian literature is the 16th century. The main author of this period was
683:
583:
233:
136:
126:
106:
5574:
Grafie uficiâl de lenghe furlane — Agjenzie regjonal pe lenghe furlane (different other language resources)
9086:
8482:
8302:
7720:
7666:
7318:
6889:
6721:
6529:
6239:
4917:
4624:
to distinguish between homophonic words or to show stress (the former) and show long vowels (the latter).
4585:
3632:
2865:
is concerned, modern grammar recommends that its non elided form should be preferred over the elided one:
2481:
2470:
2444:
2437:
2426:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2356:
2352:
2339:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2292:
2281:
2270:
1874:
1870:
1856:
1834:
1824:
1801:
1779:
1761:
1750:
1744:
1728:
1718:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1516:
Friulian vowel chart. The long vowels are slightly diphthongal, and the blue vowels occur when unstressed.
1408:
1400:
1392:
1194:
827:
655:
652:
630:
8386:
7799:
6305:
9118:
9063:
8869:
8864:
8517:
8495:
8314:
8137:
7606:
7562:
7509:
6952:
6801:
6148:
6007:
5955:
5945:
5723:
5280:
4514:
4470:
1404:
1357:
1345:
1187:
1108:
1101:
954:
712:
8782:
7750:
6271:
5304:
4863:
4168:
itself has a growing influence on Friulian vocabulary, especially as far as neologisms are concerned (
682:
shared many phonetic features with Friulian and Ladin and so he thought that Friulian was a much more
9068:
8852:
8842:
8458:
8431:
8357:
8265:
8217:
8016:
7944:
7896:
7890:
7853:
7836:
7333:
6796:
6773:
6698:
6690:
6544:
6404:
6358:
6211:
6099:
5798:
5782:
5664:
4480:
4463:
4082:
1201:
1115:
5688:
5607:
8816:
8553:
8445:
8413:
8407:
8249:
8028:
7988:
7954:
7858:
7782:
7725:
7546:
6878:
6743:
6704:
6448:
6425:
6203:
6094:
5927:
5902:
5677:
5079:
4510:
4032:
2239:"valley" with a short vowel. Long vowels aren't found when the following vowel is preserved, e.g.:
1268:
1209:
993:
975:
924:
905:
848:
716:
614:
586:
strongholds — are present. In a similar manner, there is a unique connection to the modern, nearby
7924:
4580:
3034:
if the final letter is a -c, the feminine can end with -cje, -gje, -che, -ghe (little: pôc, pôcje)
464:, but over the centuries, it has diverged under the influence of surrounding languages, including
301:
9058:
8787:
8643:
8601:
8567:
8561:
8451:
8394:
8351:
8334:
8072:
8065:
7959:
7901:
7706:
7689:
7630:
7486:
7474:
7353:
7291:
7145:
6730:
6539:
6489:
6086:
6077:
6063:
5881:
5826:
5777:
5767:
5573:
5390:
5190:
5020:
4744:, eds. Adam Ledgeway & Martin Maiden. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 139–53.
4105:
2892:
2591:
2216:
Long consonants (ll, rr, and so on), frequently used in Italian, are usually absent in Friulian.
1396:
1122:
1078:
855:
720:
598:
579:
8836:
7964:
7328:
5348:
3809:, to be able to). Verbs are frequently used in combination with adverbs to restrict the meaning.
2873:
sounds are pronounced as a single one. In the spoken language, various other articles are used.
5347:
Loporcaro, Michele (2005), "(Too much) synchrony within diachrony? Vowel length in Milanese.",
4513:
wrote his works in Western Friulian since he learned the language from his mother who was from
2570:
Friulian is quite different from Italian in its morphology; it is, in many respects, closer to
2213:); both words are pronounced in Central dialects, but respectively and in Western dialects.
959:
9015:
8994:
8874:
8857:
8733:
8661:
8655:
8579:
8471:
8381:
8322:
8234:
8192:
7993:
7939:
7826:
7804:
7745:
7730:
7701:
7684:
7594:
7557:
7526:
7514:
7433:
7421:
7338:
7313:
7307:
7232:
6883:
6873:
6865:
6791:
6681:
6580:
6567:
6558:
6503:
6497:
6482:
6351:
6328:
6312:
6266:
6248:
6162:
6154:
6130:
6053:
6026:
6012:
5984:
5935:
5912:
5790:
5786:
5222:
5180:
5139:
5133:
5114:
5010:
4617:
4593:
4411:
that a unique form can bring to the language. Above all, it can help to stop the influence of
4398:
4222:
4136:
4006:
3617:
3365:
Masculine nouns ending in -l or -li form their plurals by palatalising final -l or -li to -i.
3167:
The plural of almost all other nouns is just -s. It is always pronounced as voiceless , as in
2793:
2583:
1306:
1242:
1173:
1130:
1083:
704:
679:
602:
473:
437:
121:
6222:
5245:, Slides, Going Romance 24, December 10th 2010, Universiteit Leiden, Academia Lugduno Batava
5216:
2491:
Special developments produced absolutely word-final long vowels and length distinctions, cf.
963:
731:, local variants of Friulian were spoken. The main document about the dialect of Trieste, or
8968:
8958:
8943:
8931:
8847:
8796:
8760:
8738:
8725:
8719:
8693:
8648:
8637:
8541:
8506:
8490:
8339:
8327:
8260:
8224:
8212:
8180:
8105:
8077:
8050:
7880:
7875:
7863:
7843:
7831:
7772:
7679:
7636:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7531:
7462:
7446:
7343:
7158:
7134:
7102:
6622:
6476:
6418:
6397:
6381:
6374:
6365:
6291:
6140:
6122:
6032:
5966:
5960:
5950:
5863:
5855:
5830:
5818:
5541:
5382:
5266:
5172:
5002:
4637:
4412:
4267:
4225:, road signs are in both Friulian and Italian. There is also an official translation of the
4197:
4186:
4165:
4098:
4058:
4042:
4017:
3354:
3168:
2804:
2753:
1897:
is no longer used except in the traditional spelling of certain proper names; similarly for
1483:
1073:
1068:
944:
735:, is "Dialoghi piacevoli in dialetto vernacolo triestino", published by G. Mainati in 1828.
648:
638:
587:
552:
540:
477:
469:
453:
429:
413:
344:
111:
31:
5451:
Such is the case of FriulIan adjectives deriving from Latin adjectives of the second class.
2741:. However, because most masculine nouns end in a consonant, it is common to find the forms
9052:
9038:
8919:
8821:
8811:
8755:
8606:
8594:
8534:
8529:
8344:
8273:
8255:
8202:
8132:
8089:
8001:
7982:
7934:
7821:
7787:
7740:
7735:
7457:
7389:
7361:
7124:
7107:
7069:
6957:
6938:
6908:
6856:
6837:
6753:
6629:
6455:
6344:
6261:
6256:
6216:
6185:
5822:
5707:
5695:
5665:
Centri Friûl Lenghe 2000, Online bilingual dictionary (Italian/Friulian) with online tools
5597:
5580:
4149:
4078:
4024:
3515:
Some masculine nouns ending in -t form their plurals by palatalising the final -t to -cj:
2571:
2463:
1578:
1479:
1337:
1088:
859:
675:
594:
555:
465:
176:
98:
8055:
5655:
Centri interdipartimentâl pe ricercje su la culture e la lenghe dal Friûl "Josef Marchet"
4833:, eds. S. Heinemann & L. Melchior. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2015, pp. 155–186.
3454:
Notice how these very often correspond to French nouns that form an irregular plural in -
1663:
Some notes on orthography (from the perspective of the standard, i.e. Central, dialect):
5243:
Final devoicing and vowel lengthening in the north of Italy: A representational approach
2320:
in Central Friulian in originally open syllables, including when non-finally. Examples:
826:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
488:
9103:
9010:
9005:
8926:
8806:
8768:
8500:
8149:
8060:
8006:
7976:
7868:
7552:
7480:
7426:
7079:
6944:
6820:
6806:
6783:
6768:
6616:
6575:
6411:
5917:
5907:
5873:
5814:
5682:
5659:
4931:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24).
4455:
4393:
4221:), with positive reviews in Italian newspapers. In about 40% of the communities in the
4046:
1611:
934:
644:
527:
461:
187:
4932:
4549:
4254:
1024:
266:
9134:
9045:
8948:
8936:
8668:
8376:
8033:
7971:
7467:
7201:
7112:
6913:
6842:
6829:
6758:
6636:
6193:
5810:
5794:
5394:
5194:
5024:
3490:
Masculine nouns ending in -st form their plurals by palatalising the final -t to -cj
2738:
2220:
1533:
1274:
1215:
1136:
998:
788:
2996:(Like for nouns, for a/o-ending dialects the plural is simply obtained by adding an
1512:
522:
8827:
8687:
8082:
6963:
6738:
6666:
5940:
5590:
5527:
5491:
4633:
4613:
4597:
4050:
1922:
1002:
792:
606:
194:
8743:
5554:
5322:
8229:
8889:
8882:
8619:
8185:
8154:
6971:
5834:
5701:
Friulian-Italian-Slovenian-German-English-Spanish-French Multilingual Dictionary
5586:
5057:
4028:
3977:
by adding -mentri to the ending of the feminine singular form of the adjective (
1545:
1528:
752:
678:. The scholar Francescato claimed subsequently that until the 14th century, the
663:
279:
5535:
1831:. Note that in some dialects, these sounds are pronounced , as described above.
633:
presented the theory that Ladin, Romansh and Friulian are from the same family.
526:
language), which, therefore, would have been quite divergent from the standard
8167:
8159:
7760:
7519:
6656:
6281:
6018:
5559:
5517:
5386:
5271:
4910:
3786:
1926:
1668:
1634:
1538:
1095:
567:
5700:
5160:
5118:
4990:
4905:
4229:. In 2005, a notable brand of beer used Friulian for one of its commercials.
452:. Friulian has around 600,000 speakers, the vast majority of whom also speak
8963:
8801:
8143:
7438:
6058:
5630: – an association to foster the use of Friulian in the scientific world
5161:"L'onomastica nella ricostruzione del lessico: il caso di Retico ed Etrusco"
4991:"L'onomastica nella ricostruzione del lessico: il caso di Retico ed Etrusco"
4937:
4592:
In the official writing system, approved by the (former, abolished in 2017)
4518:
4416:
4312:
2950:
2769:
2637:
Some feminine nouns, however, end in a consonant, including those ending in
2539:
2219:
Friulian long vowels originate primarily from vowel lengthening in stressed
1412:
795:. In those countries, there are associations of Friulian immigrants (called
784:
776:
768:
496:
A question that causes many debates is the influence of the Latin spoken in
259:
243:
225:
77:
8589:
8127:
7003:
5469:
812:
4232:
The main association to foster the use and development of Friulian is the
3797:), but in the case of irregular verbs, the root changes. They are common (
250:
8953:
8748:
8584:
8400:
7848:
7696:
7168:
6388:
4280:
4074:
3636:
3460:
cheval-chevaux, chapeau-chapeaux, cheveu-cheveux, oeil-yeux, genou-genoux
563:
506:
497:
329:
317:
5305:"Compensatory Lengthening by Vowel and Consonant Loss in Early Friulian"
8572:
8437:
8197:
8175:
8115:
8110:
7599:
7584:
6918:
6434:
5989:
5974:
5608:
Lenghe.net – Online bilingual magazine in Friulian language (2004–2010)
5176:
5006:
4601:
4237:
4013:
3620:
2185:
in an open syllable produces Western but Central , whereas Latin long
2173:
in an open syllable produces Western but Central , whereas Latin long
1921:
Friulian distinguishes between short and long vowels: in the following
772:
748:
724:
659:
536:
532:
325:
17:
5603:
La Patrie dal Friûl; Magazine and News in Friulian language since 1946
824:
about Examples and english translation of 13th and 14th century texts.
8774:
8120:
8043:
8023:
7755:
6276:
5627:
4530:
4526:
4459:
4448:
4287:
4054:
3974:
780:
764:
760:
756:
744:
728:
671:
667:
513:
445:
67:
5649:
4608:
Aa Bb Cc Çç Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Zz
4185:
Scientific terms are often of Greek origin, and there are also some
5602:
4815:
La pronuncia del friulano standard: proposte, problemi, prospettive
3051:
if the final letter is a -t, the feminine can end with -de (green:
8038:
8011:
5762:
5549:
4621:
4579:
4534:
4440:
4272:
4253:
4226:
4210:
3544:= all (of one thing), all (of several things) (from Latin "totus")
3044:
if the final letter is a -p, the feminine can end with -be (sour:
2796:(which corresponds to "the" in English) is derived from the Latin
2642:
687:
625:
624:
559:
544:
487:
449:
57:
3037:
if the final letter is a -f, the feminine can end with -ve (new:
1853:
elsewhere. Note that in some dialects, this sound is pronounced .
3628:
2752:
There are also a number of masculine nouns borrowed intact from
2587:
708:
7205:
7007:
5733:
5713:
Friulian basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
4423:
special and different diacritics for writing a single variant.
4596:
and used in official documents, Friulian is written using the
4544:
3985:, slowly), but it can sometimes lose the -e of the adjective (
2546:"father" mentioned above) or not in front of obstruents (e.g.
1019:
806:
5564:
5086:. Translated by Rockenhaus, Melanie. Scuola Normale Superiore
4431:
At least four dialects of Friulian can be distinguished, all
2853:
can be abbreviated to l' in the standard forms - for example
359:
3486:(in northern Friulian also "tal", "tals") = valley, valleys
3019:
The feminine is formed in several ways from the masculine:
1925:(long vowels are marked in the official orthography with a
368:
365:
353:
5641:
4469:
Western Friulian, including Pordenonese, is spoken in the
2684:
the latter being the oldest form of the feminine ending).
328:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
5560:
Short video showing bilingual Italian/Friulian road signs
4035:, when the influence from this culture was quite strong (
3575:(year) has several forms depending on dialect, including
2876:
The indefinite article in Friulian (which corresponds to
5612:
5591:
Provincie di Udin-Provincia di Udine: La lingua friulana
1863:. Note that in some dialects, this sound is pronounced .
723:. In the past, the language borders were wider since in
4561:
4101:
origin. There are also many toponyms with Slavic roots.
1036:
213:
4796:
Friulan Dictionary: English-Friulan / Friulan-English.
4104:
There are many words that have Germanic (8%, probably
5084:
Mnamon - Ancient Writing Systems in the Mediterranean
4881:
by R. Pontisso. Some parts are also based loosely on
2692:
Most masculine nouns end either in a consonant or in
2372:
before lost consonants in certain circumstances, cf.
799:) that try to protect their traditions and language.
380:
371:
347:
362:
350:
9079:
9030:
8979:
8903:
8707:
8680:
8629:
8481:
8367:
8313:
8294:
7923:
7912:
7665:
7656:
7617:
7497:
7382:
7371:
7282:
7244:
7133:
7078:
7041:
6931:
6901:
6864:
6855:
6828:
6819:
6782:
6729:
6720:
6689:
6680:
6602:
6593:
6566:
6557:
6515:
6467:
6290:
6247:
6238:
6202:
6184:
6175:
6139:
6121:
6112:
6085:
6076:
6044:
5998:
5926:
5890:
5872:
5854:
5845:
5555:
On the different varieties of the Friulian language
3591:. Regardless of pronunciation, the written form is
2179:produces in both dialects. Similarly, Latin short
1450:is found elsewhere) originate primarily from Latin
356:
285:
273:
257:
241:
223:
218:
206:
201:
184:
170:
95:
83:
73:
63:
53:
39:
4943:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
4740:Paola Benincà & Laura Vanelli. "Friulian", in
4698:I can't go out with you tonight; I have to study.
4180:taken from Italian is used more and more instead).
3465:Feminine nouns ending in -l have regular plurals.
3321:but is pronounced in much of Friuli as if it were
2614:, which is pronounced, unlike in Standard French:
593:In Friulian, there is also a plethora of words of
5285:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
5259:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
4027:(10%) words were introduced in particular in the
3561:= fish (singular or plural) (from Latin "piscis")
492:Historical flag of Friûl and the Friulian people.
27:Gallo-Romance language of Friuli, northeast Italy
5165:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome: Antiquité
4995:Mélanges de l'École française de Rome: Antiquité
4703:No pues vignî fûr cun te usgnot, o ai di studiâ.
3023:in most cases, all that is needed is -e (short:
2776:. Despite the fact that one almost always hears
5052:
5050:
4209:Nowadays, Friulian is officially recognized in
1721:occurs primarily in diphthongs, and is spelled
613:for example). The main centre at that time was
5618:The juridical defence of Friulian (in English)
4885:by Fausto Zof, Edizioni Leonardo, Udine 2002.
4719:
4701:
4689:
4677:
4665:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4474:
4153:
4140:
4125:
4068:
4062:
3603:
3539:
3533:
3525:
3519:
3445:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3389:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3300:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3202:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3158:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3124:
3116:
3110:
3102:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3074:
3068:
2925:
2737:(problem). They are usually words coming from
2679:
2673:
2667:
1685:(which only occurs in stressed syllables) and
1497:
1489:
896:
407:
45:
30:"Furlan" redirects here. For the surname, see
7217:
7019:
5745:
5368:"Length and voicing in Friulian and Milanese"
5171:(1). Rome: École française de Rome: 123–136.
5001:(1). Rome: École française de Rome: 123–136.
4640:but seem foreign to native Italian speakers.
4620:(â, ê, î, ô, and û), which are put above the
2749:instead, more often in print than in speech.
8:
5718:Friulian-English English-Friulian dictionary
3305:= glove, gloves (compare English "gauntlet")
9113:languages with more than 5 million speakers
5492:"casarsa_casa Pasolini (Colussi) a Casarsa"
5221:. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 31.
2231:"it is worth" with a long vowel, but Latin
8696:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
8310:
7920:
7662:
7379:
7224:
7210:
7202:
7026:
7012:
7004:
6861:
6825:
6726:
6686:
6677:
6599:
6563:
6244:
6181:
6118:
6082:
5851:
5842:
5752:
5738:
5730:
4794:Nazzi, Gianni & Deborah Saidero, eds.
4458:and Eastern Friuli, in the area along the
2429:in originally open syllables (see above).
2201:) and "(he, she, it) dies" (Vulgar Latin *
1739:between vowels (in this context, a single
300:
36:
5270:
5135:The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages
4742:The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages
4262:Every city and village in Friuli has two
2440:even in originally closed syllables, cf.
5298:
5296:
5138:. Oxford University Press. p. 139.
4647:
4384:Standard Friulian is called in Friulian
3812:
3645:
3530:= tooth, teeth (from Latin "dens, -tis")
2955:
2890:
2802:
2436:Central Friulian has lengthening before
2368:An additional source of vowel length is
2266:before a non-final preserved vowel, cf.
2195:, for example, means both "wall" (Latin
1996:
1764:, found word-finally, before word-final
1519:
1511:
1059:
910:
868:
6984:
5550:Friulian language lessons for beginners
5132:Ledgeway, Adam; Maiden, Martin (2016).
4895:
4152:words entered the Friulian vocabulary:
4120:, to cover. For the latter categories,
3380:= horse, horses (from Latin "caballus")
3345:. Other words in this category include
2466:even in originally open syllables, cf.
1061:Consonant phonemes in Central Friulian
888:cuant che jo ti viôt, dut o stoi ardît
322:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5375:Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
5278:
4077:, especially in north-eastern Friuli (
3501:= military horseman, military horsemen
3394:= string, strings (from Latin "filum")
512:342–357 AD, wrote a commentary to the
5309:Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics
4901:
4899:
4860:Regional Agency for Friulian Language
4053:) immigrants called several times to
3616:A feature of Friulian are the clitic
3567:= month, months (from Latin "mensis")
2658:= lesson (from Latin "lectio, -nis" f
2191:produces in both dialects. The word
169:
89:Regular speakers: 420,000 (2014)
7:
5060:. Thesaurus Inscriptionum Raeticarum
4838:Lezioni di lingua e cultura friulana
4827:Suddivisione dialettale del friulano
4822:LXXXVI, vol. 1 (2010), p. 7–34.
4691:O scugni propit lâ cumò, ariviodisi.
3291:= arm, arms (from Latin "bracchium")
2621:= house (from Latin "casa, -ae" hut)
2355:"tepid, lukewarm" < Vulgar Latin
1757:, which can also occur word-finally.
651:and Friulian comes from the Italian
212:Agjenzie regjonâl pe lenghe furlane
5660:Friulian version of Firefox browser
4733:Paola Benincà & Laura Vanelli.
4133:Latin and derived languages (68%):
3635:or immediately after it in case of
3598:The same happens for the adjective
2884:in English) derives from the Latin
2633:= school (from Latin "schola, -ae")
2316:in originally closed syllables but
707:, including the area of the Carnia
9117:Languages between parentheses are
5928:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
5414:. In Southern and Western Friuli,
5257:Miotti, Renzo (2002). "Friulian".
4686:I really have to go now; see you.
4258:Road sign in Italian and Friulian.
4057:to repopulate lands devastated by
2652:= hand (from Latin "manŭs, -ūs" f)
882:quant yò chi viot, dut stoi ardit
543:. The inhabitants belonged to the
460:since it shares the same roots as
25:
8997:(unknown further classification)
5366:Torres-Tamarit, Francesc (2015),
5113:. Bologna: Pàtron editore: 9–32.
4798:Udine: Ent. Friul tal Mond, 2000.
4674:The weather is really hot today!
4454:Southeastern Friulian, spoken in
3973:An adjective can be made into an
3814:Verbs, present, declarative form
3450:= knee, knees (from Latin "genu")
2916:A partitive article also exists:
2462:Lengthening doesn't occur before
1667:Long vowels are indicated with a
1646:
1641:
1625:
1616:
1602:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1344:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1257:
1250:
1230:
1223:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
719:, and in the eastern part of the
703:Today, Friulian is spoken in the
6659:
5778:Historical linguistic minorities
5761:
5534:
5520:
5323:"The Furlan / Friulian Alphabet"
4916:
4877:The grammar section is based on
4803:Elementi di linguistica friulana
4632:An alternative system is called
4588:(Universitât dâl Friûl) in Udine
4548:
4439:Central Friulian, spoken around
4139:influenced Friulian vocabulary:
2888:and varies according to gender:
1023:
811:
343:
5215:Fucilla, Joseph Guerin (1949).
4949:from the original on 2022-07-09
4849:Lezioni di linguistica friulana
4831:Manuale di linguistica friulana
4715:translation in Central Friulian
4667:Mandi, o mi clami Jacum (Jack)!
4061:invasions in the 10th century (
4039:, backyard; "crot", frog/toad).
2800:and takes the following forms:
2627:= moon (from Latin "luna, -ae")
908:, who composed over 200 poems.
9121:of the language on their left.
8991:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
7096:Fascian (cazet, moenat, brach)
5107:Rivista storica dell'antichità
4749:Manuâl di lenghistiche furlane
2780:, it is almost always written
1462:. The palatalization of Latin
1430:, whereas the latter (written
1:
5685:– a computer game in Friulian
5650:Societat Filologjiche Furlane
5613:Online magazine and resources
4778:Studi di linguistica friulana
4447:Northern Friulian, spoken in
4234:Societât filologjiche furlane
3315:, for example, is written as
2725:A few masculine nouns end in
2425:, differing from the outcome
2295:"to laugh" < Vulgar Latin
2273:"tepid, lukewarm" < Latin
2259:"new (masc. sg.)" < Latin
985:Rina Del Nin Cralli (Canada)
715:, in half of the province of
711:, but as well throughout the
570:(e.g. names of villages with
509:
4464:Contea di Gorizia e Gradisca
4250:List of Friulian place names
2598:" ("the wall", masculine), "
2251:"new (fem. sg.)" < Latin
1914:Long vowels and their origin
1632:
1609:
1576:
1543:
578:). Even influences from the
8988:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
5689:Italian-Friulian Dictionary
5674:Webster's Online Dictionary
5628:Friulian Journal of Science
5569:Radio in Friulian language.
5462:"Language similarity table"
5159:Marchesini, Simona (2019).
5078:Marchesini, Simona (2018).
4989:Marchesini, Simona (2019).
4856:"Sociolinguistic Condition"
4842:Società Filologica Friulana
4807:Società Filologica Friulana
4791:. Rome–Bari: Laterza, 2001.
4782:Società Filologica Friulana
4771:Società Filologica Friulana
4760:Società Filologica Friulana
4462:River (the area of the old
4189:terms in Friulian (<1%,
4045:(3%) words were brought by
2869:although in speech the two
2861:Yet, as far as the article
2610:Most feminine nouns end in
2602:" ("the chair", feminine).
2243:before final -e < Latin
916:Notable poets and writers:
875:Version in modern Friulian
862:. The most notable work is
9162:
8690:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
7716:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
7510:Central−Southern Calabrian
6525:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
6008:Central-Southern Calabrian
4879:An introduction to Friulan
4529:. Later, the main city of
4349:at the beginning of word:
4247:
3772:means "Do I work?", while
3333:'dish', though written as
3174:, never as voiced , as in
2432:Additional complications:
2324:"seven" < Vulgar Latin
1772:. Both sounds are spelled
1768:, and often in the prefix
846:
636:
549:pre-Indo-European language
29:
9095:
8245:
6676:
6654:
6338:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
5841:
5774:
5670:Furlan English Dictionary
5387:10.1007/s11049-014-9271-7
5272:10.1017/S0025100302001056
4737:. Padova: Unipress, 2005.
4279:in Friulian, the town of
3776:means "I wish I worked".
3602:(good), as its plural is
3339:, is often pronounced as
2338:"foot" < Vulgar Latin
1673:⟨â ê î ô û⟩
1474:is characteristic of the
1356:
1336:
1267:
1208:
1129:
1094:
1065:
886:Piruç gno dolç incolorît
456:. It is sometimes called
425:
308:
299:
44:
7998:North American dialects
7505:Extreme Southern Italian
7035:Rhaeto-Romance languages
4662:Hello; my name is Jack!
4497:in Central Friulian and
4009:, Here the composition:
2768:rather than the Italian
2582:In Friulian as in other
2370:compensatory lengthening
2284:"son-in-law" < Latin
1476:Rhaeto-Romance languages
880:Piruç myò doç inculurit
643:The idea of unity among
7417:Central−Northern Latian
5898:Central-Northern Latian
5350:GLOW Phonology Workshop
4720:
4702:
4690:
4678:
4666:
4616:(à, è, ì, ò and ù) and
4505:
4499:
4493:
4475:
4154:
4141:
4126:
4069:
4063:
3623:. Known in Friulian as
3612:Clitic subject pronouns
3604:
3540:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3446:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3404:
3398:
3390:
3384:
3376:
3370:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3301:
3295:
3287:
3281:
3273:
3267:
3259:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3183:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3131:
3125:
3117:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3089:
3083:
3075:
3069:
2926:
2680:
2674:
2668:
1877:in certain words (e.g.
1498:
1490:
1422:) originate from Latin
897:
864:Piruç myò doç inculurit
521:
448:region of northeastern
408:
46:
7721:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
7180:non-written varieties:
7059:South-eastern Friulian
6530:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
6322:Bustocco and Legnanese
5422:. In Northern Friuli,
5303:Prieto, Pilar (1992),
5275:(inactive 2024-09-09).
4836:Federico Vicario, ed.
4756:Dialettologia friulana
4754:Giuseppe Francescato.
4679:Vuê al è propit cjalt!
4589:
4259:
4219:Lidrîs cuadrade di trê
1820:, again as in Italian.
1517:
822:is missing information
656:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli
634:
631:Graziadio Isaia Ascoli
493:
444:family, spoken in the
433:
417:
310:This article contains
8208:Poitevin–Saintongeais
6953:Italian Sign Language
6902:Other German dialects
6045:Other Italo-Dalmatian
5724:Faggin-Nazzi alphabet
4851:. Udine: Forum, 2005.
4789:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
4767:I dialetti del Friuli
4751:. Udine: Forum, 2005.
4583:
4471:Province of Pordenone
4433:mutually intelligible
4427:Varieties of Friulian
4257:
3633:declarative sentences
2867:la acuile (the eagle)
2845:Before a vowel, both
2592:masculine or feminine
2158:Note that the vowels
1829:⟨cj gj⟩
1515:
1478:and is also found in
1432:⟨c/ç z⟩
1420:⟨cj gj⟩
713:province of Pordenone
628:
491:
91:Total: 600,000 (2014)
8017:St. Marys Bay French
7541:Neapolitan–Calabrese
7121:constructed language
7066:constructed language
6405:Southwestern Lombard
5406:In Northern Friuli,
5218:Our Italian Surnames
4968:"Aquileia Cristiana"
4735:Linguistica friulana
4713:The Fox and the Crow
4586:University of Friuli
4481:Concordia Sagittaria
4097:(basket) are all of
4085:area. Words such as
4083:Gorizia and Gradisca
3008:and its plural form
2376:"father" < Latin
1804:is normally spelled
1782:is normally spelled
1731:is normally spelled
1711:word-initially, and
629:Historical linguist
621:The "Ladin Question"
582:— Friuli was one of
8369:Galician–Portuguese
7395:Central Marchigiano
6705:Vaccarizzo Albanian
5678:The Rosetta Edition
5430:is used instead of
5418:is used instead of
5410:is used instead of
4650:
4511:Pier Paolo Pasolini
4473:and is also called
4332:tiere (soil, earth)
3815:
3648:
3249:= brother, brothers
2958:
2895:
2893:Indefinite articles
2857:(the tree) becomes
2807:
2664:a/o-ending dialects
2484:"first" < Latin
2473:"bread" < Latin
2455:"dear " < Latin
2419:"stone" < Latin
2392:"pound" < Latin
1869:can also represent
1760:is an allophone of
1522:
1452:⟨c g⟩
1424:⟨c g⟩
1062:
976:Pier Paolo Pasolini
912:
849:Friulian literature
653:historical linguist
611:Frammenti letterari
197:(Friulian alphabet)
9146:Languages of Italy
8783:Catalan Ribagorçan
8630:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
7902:Judaeo-Piedmontese
7812:Bustocco–Legnanese
7607:Northern Calabrian
7151:written varieties:
7146:Rumantsch Grischun
7143:standard language:
6540:Judaeo-Piedmontese
6516:Other Gallo-Italic
5768:Languages of Italy
5706:2016-01-13 at the
5694:2016-03-03 at the
5623:Course of Friulian
5596:2011-03-03 at the
5579:2011-09-25 at the
5565:Radio Onde Furlane
5177:10.4000/mefra.7613
5007:10.4000/mefra.7613
4972:www.regionefvg.com
4883:Gramatiche furlane
4847:Federico Vicario.
4776:Sabine Heinemann.
4648:
4618:circumflex accents
4590:
4560:. You can help by
4260:
3813:
3646:
2956:
2891:
2803:
2451:(homophonous with
2447:"cart" < Latin
1823:The palatal stops
1810:⟨gh⟩
1788:⟨ch⟩
1755:⟨gn⟩
1737:⟨ss⟩
1520:
1518:
1060:
1035:. You can help by
955:Novella Cantarutti
911:
721:province of Venice
658:, who was born in
635:
580:Lombardic language
494:
9141:Friulian language
9128:
9127:
9104:extinct languages
9026:
9025:
8703:
8702:
8662:Navarro-Aragonese
8547:Peruvian Ribereño
8472:Judaeo-Portuguese
8387:Galician–Asturian
8290:
8289:
8281:Old Gallo-Romance
8235:Wisconsin Walloon
7652:
7651:
7625:Dalmatian Romance
7233:Romance languages
7199:
7198:
7056:Northern Friulian
7001:
7000:
6980:
6979:
6927:
6926:
6884:Southern Bavarian
6851:
6850:
6815:
6814:
6807:Triestine Serbian
6716:
6715:
6691:Arbëresh language
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6589:
6588:
6553:
6552:
6306:Brianzöö dialects
6234:
6233:
6171:
6170:
6108:
6107:
6072:
6071:
5585:Dante in furlan:
5186:978-2-7283-1428-7
5016:978-2-7283-1428-7
4914:(25th ed., 2022)
4801:Piera Rizzolati.
4709:
4708:
4594:Province of Udine
4578:
4577:
4390:furlan normalizât
4223:Province of Udine
4205:Present condition
4137:Venetian language
4007:Romance languages
3966:
3965:
3793:, to speak; root
3762:
3761:
3207:= lesson, lessons
3135:= system, systems
3121:= school, schools
2994:
2993:
2920:for feminine and
2914:
2913:
2843:
2842:
2805:Definite articles
2641:, which are from
2584:Romance languages
2505:"son" < Latin
2495:"fig" < Latin
2400:in this context:
2384:"eye" < Latin
2348:, non-word-final
2156:
2155:
1907:⟨i⟩
1903:⟨e⟩
1899:⟨g⟩
1895:⟨q⟩
1889:⟨h⟩
1867:⟨z⟩
1861:⟨z⟩
1851:⟨ç⟩
1847:⟨i⟩
1843:⟨e⟩
1839:⟨c⟩
1818:⟨i⟩
1814:⟨e⟩
1806:⟨g⟩
1796:⟨i⟩
1792:⟨e⟩
1784:⟨c⟩
1774:⟨n⟩
1741:⟨s⟩
1735:, but is spelled
1733:⟨s⟩
1723:⟨u⟩
1713:⟨i⟩
1709:⟨j⟩
1693:is used for both
1691:⟨o⟩
1681:is used for both
1679:⟨e⟩
1656:
1655:
1472:⟨a⟩
1468:⟨g⟩
1464:⟨c⟩
1460:⟨i⟩
1456:⟨e⟩
1448:⟨ç⟩
1444:⟨i⟩
1440:⟨e⟩
1436:⟨c⟩
1428:⟨a⟩
1386:
1385:
1053:
1052:
1013:
1012:
893:
892:
845:
844:
705:province of Udine
680:Venetian language
670:and perhaps also
531:181 BC were
440:belonging to the
336:
335:
318:rendering support
314:phonetic symbols.
208:Regulated by
144:or Gallo-Rhaetian
16:(Redirected from
9153:
8649:Judaeo-Aragonese
8638:Andalusi Romance
8491:Amazonic Spanish
8328:Western Asturian
8311:
8250:Franco-Provençal
7921:
7817:Comasco–Lecchese
7675:Emilian–Romagnol
7663:
7463:Regional Italian
7453:Italo-Australian
7380:
7302:Megleno-Romanian
7226:
7219:
7212:
7203:
7062:Western Friulian
7053:Central Friulian
7028:
7021:
7014:
7005:
6992:
6989:
6966:
6947:
6892:
6862:
6826:
6727:
6707:
6687:
6678:
6669:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6600:
6564:
6506:
6492:
6485:
6469:Emilian–Romagnol
6458:
6451:
6437:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6331:
6324:
6315:
6308:
6245:
6225:
6204:Franco-Provençal
6182:
6157:
6119:
6114:Occitano-Romance
6083:
6035:
6021:
6000:Extreme Southern
5969:
5864:Regional Italian
5852:
5843:
5799:Franco-Provençal
5766:
5765:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5731:
5544:
5542:Languages portal
5539:
5538:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5468:. Archived from
5458:
5452:
5449:
5443:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5381:(4): 1351–1386,
5372:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5327:www.geocities.ws
5319:
5313:
5312:
5300:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5276:
5274:
5254:
5248:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5045:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4974:. Archived from
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4903:
4867:
4862:. Archived from
4747:Franc Fari, ed.
4724:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4651:
4638:Slavic languages
4573:
4570:
4552:
4545:
4515:Casarsa/Cjasarsa
4509:in other areas.
4508:
4502:
4496:
4478:
4413:Italian language
4372:between vocals:
4286:and the town of
4162:, to have lunch.
4157:
4144:
4129:
4072:
4066:
4033:Patrie dal Friûl
3816:
3785:Friulian verbal
3768:means "I work";
3649:
3607:
3543:
3537:
3529:
3523:
3449:
3443:
3435:
3429:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3401:
3393:
3387:
3379:
3373:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3327:. The plural of
3326:
3320:
3314:
3304:
3298:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3262:
3256:
3248:
3242:
3234:
3228:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3186:
3162:
3156:
3148:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3078:
3072:
2959:
2929:
2896:
2808:
2794:definite article
2683:
2677:
2671:
2562:"it is worth").
2530:
2529:
2525:"we" < Latin
2520:
2519:
2515:"no" < Latin
2510:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2472:
2464:nasal consonants
2458:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2315:
2312:, which becomes
2311:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2234:
2226:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2144:
2143:
2121:
2120:
2098:
2097:
2075:
2074:
2052:
2051:
2029:
2028:
1997:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:, as in Italian.
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1650:
1645:
1629:
1620:
1606:
1601:
1592:
1587:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1554:
1523:
1501:
1493:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:is found before
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1234:
1227:
1218:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1063:
1048:
1045:
1027:
1020:
1006:
967:
945:Caterina Percoto
925:Ermes di Colorêt
913:
906:Ermes di Colorêt
900:
869:
840:
837:
831:
815:
807:
639:Questione Ladina
588:Lombard language
551:population, the
511:
505:, the bishop of
438:Romance language
411:
405:
404:
403:
401:
384:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
304:
295:
269:
253:
246:
237:
236:
228:
190:
101:
49:
37:
32:Furlan (surname)
21:
9161:
9160:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9150:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9124:
9091:
9075:
9053:Pannonian Latin
9039:African Romance
9022:
8975:
8906:
8899:
8837:Judeo-Provençal
8710:
8699:
8676:
8625:
8535:Chilean Chilote
8477:
8363:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8286:
8274:Moselle Romance
8241:
8090:Missouri French
8051:Franco-Ontarian
7926:
7915:
7908:
7648:
7613:
7590:Southern Latian
7493:
7458:Maltese Italian
7390:Central Italian
7374:
7367:
7362:Common Romanian
7278:
7262:Italo-Dalmatian
7240:
7230:
7200:
7195:
7176:
7129:
7125:Ladin Dolomitan
7074:
7070:Furlan standard
7037:
7032:
7002:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6986:
6976:
6962:
6943:
6923:
6909:Austrian German
6897:
6888:
6847:
6838:Calabrian Greek
6811:
6778:
6764:Natisone Valley
6749:Inner Carniolan
6712:
6703:
6672:
6665:
6660:
6658:
6644:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6585:
6549:
6517:
6511:
6502:
6488:
6481:
6463:
6454:
6447:
6443:Eastern Lombard
6433:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6327:
6320:
6311:
6304:
6300:Western Lombard
6286:
6230:
6221:
6198:
6167:
6153:
6135:
6104:
6068:
6046:
6040:
6031:
6017:
5994:
5980:Southern Latian
5965:
5946:Castelmezzanese
5922:
5886:
5868:
5837:
5770:
5760:
5758:
5708:Wayback Machine
5696:Wayback Machine
5598:Wayback Machine
5581:Wayback Machine
5540:
5533:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5498:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5446:
5405:
5401:
5370:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5331:
5329:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5277:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5199:
5197:
5187:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5027:
5017:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4952:
4950:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4874:
4854:
4825:Paolo Roseano.
4812:Paolo Roseano.
4787:Carla Marcato.
4765:Giovanni Frau.
4730:
4717:
4646:
4630:
4612:There are also
4574:
4568:
4565:
4558:needs expansion
4543:
4541:Writing systems
4429:
4408:
4386:furlan standard
4304:
4302:Standardisation
4290:is called both
4252:
4246:
4207:
4079:Slavia Friulana
4003:
3971:
3782:
3679:You (singular)
3614:
3363:
3277:= train, trains
3163:= niece, nieces
3149:= glove, gloves
3093:= house, houses
3079:= table, tables
3062:
3004:corresponds to
2947:
2924:for masculine:
2790:
2756:, with a final
2690:
2608:
2594:(for example, "
2580:
2568:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2474:
2456:
2448:
2421:
2420:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2361:
2360:
2344:
2343:
2330:
2329:
2300:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2232:
2224:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2141:
2140:
2118:
2117:
2095:
2094:
2072:
2071:
2049:
2048:
2026:
2025:
1916:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1866:
1860:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1754:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1690:
1678:
1672:
1661:
1521:Vowel phonemes
1510:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1305:
1273:
1241:
1214:
1172:
1135:
1077:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1033:needs expansion
1018:
996:
957:
860:Dolce Stil Novo
851:
841:
835:
832:
825:
816:
805:
741:
701:
696:
641:
623:
486:
422:Austrian German
397:
395:
394:
393:
382:
346:
342:
316:Without proper
291:
265:
249:
242:
232:
231:
224:
202:Official status
191:
186:
166:
132:Western Romance
117:Latino-Faliscan
102:
99:Language family
97:
90:
86:
85:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9159:
9157:
9149:
9148:
9143:
9133:
9132:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9115:
9106:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9083:
9081:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9066:
9056:
9049:
9042:
9034:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8992:
8983:
8981:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8934:
8924:
8923:
8922:
8911:
8909:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8833:
8832:
8831:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8804:
8794:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8777:
8772:
8769:Judaeo-Catalan
8765:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8746:
8736:
8728:
8715:
8713:
8705:
8704:
8701:
8700:
8698:
8697:
8691:
8684:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8658:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8641:
8633:
8631:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8623:
8616:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8550:
8549:
8539:
8538:
8537:
8524:Latin American
8520:
8515:
8503:
8501:Judaeo-Spanish
8498:
8493:
8487:
8485:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8475:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8428:
8423:
8416:
8404:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8390:
8379:
8373:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8354:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8337:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8319:
8317:
8308:
8292:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8285:
8284:
8277:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8215:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8189:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8152:
8147:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8075:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8014:
7996:
7991:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7931:
7929:
7918:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7894:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7814:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7770:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7671:
7669:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7644:Judaeo-Italian
7641:
7640:
7639:
7634:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7512:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7386:
7384:
7377:
7369:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7304:
7299:
7297:Istro-Romanian
7294:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7254:
7248:
7246:
7245:Major branches
7242:
7241:
7237:classification
7231:
7229:
7228:
7221:
7214:
7206:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7148:
7139:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7118:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7084:
7082:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7047:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7008:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6955:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6945:Italian Hebrew
6935:
6933:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6890:South Tyrolean
6881:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6834:
6832:
6823:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6784:Serbo-Croatian
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6695:
6693:
6684:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6614:
6608:
6606:
6604:Rhaeto-Romance
6597:
6595:Rhaeto-Romance
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6486:
6473:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6452:
6440:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6401:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6378:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6296:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6251:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6214:
6208:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6145:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6091:
6089:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6010:
6004:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5860:
5858:
5849:
5839:
5838:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5715:
5710:
5698:
5686:
5680:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5643:Fogolâr Furlan
5639:
5635:Fogolâr furlan
5631:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5588:
5583:
5571:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5531:
5515:
5514:External links
5512:
5509:
5508:
5483:
5453:
5444:
5399:
5358:
5339:
5314:
5292:
5249:
5234:
5227:
5207:
5185:
5167:(in Italian).
5151:
5144:
5124:
5109:(in Italian).
5097:
5070:
5046:
5037:
5015:
4997:(in Italian).
4981:
4978:on 2003-04-05.
4959:
4923:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4866:on 2019-02-22.
4852:
4845:
4834:
4823:
4810:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4774:
4763:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4729:
4726:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4645:
4642:
4629:
4626:
4610:
4609:
4576:
4575:
4555:
4553:
4542:
4539:
4485:
4484:
4467:
4456:Bassa Friulana
4452:
4445:
4428:
4425:
4407:
4404:
4382:
4381:
4366:
4339:
4303:
4300:
4248:Main article:
4245:
4242:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4163:
4146:
4131:
4102:
4040:
4021:
4002:
3999:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3781:
3778:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3647:Weak pronouns
3613:
3610:
3571:The plural of
3569:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3531:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3452:
3451:
3437:
3423:
3409:
3395:
3381:
3362:
3359:
3307:
3306:
3292:
3278:
3264:
3250:
3236:
3222:
3208:
3194:
3165:
3164:
3150:
3136:
3122:
3108:
3094:
3080:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3032:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2946:
2943:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2789:
2786:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2689:
2686:
2672:is spelled as
2660:
2659:
2653:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2607:
2604:
2579:
2576:
2567:
2564:
2533:
2532:
2489:
2460:
2305:
2304:
2264:
2221:open syllables
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1948:(fixed, dense)
1943:
1937:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1892:
1886:
1864:
1854:
1832:
1821:
1799:
1777:
1758:
1748:
1743:is pronounced
1726:
1716:
1702:
1676:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1593:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1560:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1416:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1066:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1030:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
990:
989:
986:
982:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
951:
950:
947:
941:
940:
937:
935:Pietro Zorutti
931:
930:
927:
921:
920:
919:Years active:
917:
891:
890:
884:
877:
876:
873:
872:Original text
847:Main article:
843:
842:
819:
817:
810:
804:
801:
797:Fogolâr furlan
740:
737:
700:
697:
695:
692:
637:Main article:
622:
619:
518:sermo rusticus
485:
482:
442:Rhaeto-Romance
334:
333:
320:, you may see
306:
305:
297:
296:
289:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
263:
255:
254:
247:
239:
238:
229:
221:
220:
219:Language codes
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
199:
198:
192:
188:Writing system
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
142:Rhaeto-Romance
105:
103:
96:
93:
92:
87:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
54:Native to
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9158:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9120:
9116:
9114:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9094:
9088:
9087:Proto-Romance
9085:
9084:
9082:
9080:Reconstructed
9078:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9050:
9048:
9047:
9046:British Latin
9043:
9041:
9040:
9036:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8978:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8942:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8916:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8902:
8892:
8891:
8887:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8866:
8865:Vivaro-Alpine
8863:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8834:
8830:
8829:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8798:
8795:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8770:
8766:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8731:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8706:
8695:
8692:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8683:
8679:
8671:
8670:
8669:Old Navarrese
8666:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8628:
8622:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8552:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8540:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8531:
8528:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8519:
8518:Equatoguinean
8516:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8509:
8508:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8434:
8433:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8421:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8388:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8370:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8299:
8293:
8283:
8282:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8244:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8100:
8099:
8095:
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7972:Frainc-Comtou
7970:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7911:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7768:Judeo-Italian
7766:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7642:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7616:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7563:Castelmezzano
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7525:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7468:Swiss Italian
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7349:Transylvanian
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7308:Daco-Romanian
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7281:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7257:Italo-Western
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7227:
7222:
7220:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7029:
7024:
7022:
7017:
7015:
7010:
7009:
7006:
6988:
6985:
6973:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6830:Italiot Greek
6827:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Slavomolisano
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6657:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6535:Judeo-Italian
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6514:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6491:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6201:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6177:Gallo-Romance
6174:
6164:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6149:Vivaro-Alpine
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6020:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5847:Italo-Romance
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5518:
5513:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5472:on 1 May 2006
5471:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5359:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5340:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5310:
5306:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:Pavel Iosad,
5238:
5235:
5230:
5228:9780806311876
5224:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5208:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5152:
5147:
5145:9780199677108
5141:
5137:
5136:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5101:
5098:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5071:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4927:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4871:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4714:
4711:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4628:Other systems
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4614:grave accents
4607:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4572:
4563:
4559:
4556:This section
4554:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4490:
4487:The word for
4482:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4359:vueit (empty)
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4256:
4251:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4236:, founded in
4235:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4176:but the verb
4175:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:, really and
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4081:) and in the
4080:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4051:Alpine Slavic
4048:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:, during the
4030:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3998:
3997:for slowly).
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:You (plural)
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3643:) sentences.
3642:
3639:or vocative (
3638:
3637:interrogative
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3555:= bone, bones
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:= text, texts
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:= skin, skins
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3422:= hair, hairs
3420:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3263:= book, books
3261:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3193:= hand, hands
3191:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3107:= moon, moons
3105:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:brutas/brutos
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:The Friulian
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:Ancient Greek
2736:
2733:(system) and
2732:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2558:"valley" vs.
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2411:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2351:
2337:
2334:, word-final
2323:
2291:
2280:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2194:
2165:
2161:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:Latin origin
2001:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:minimal pairs
1919:
1913:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1865:
1855:
1833:
1822:
1800:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1749:
1727:
1717:
1703:
1689:; similarly,
1677:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1417:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1031:This section
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
994:Carlo Sgorlon
992:
991:
987:
984:
983:
979:
977:
974:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
953:
952:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:
914:
909:
907:
902:
899:
889:
885:
883:
879:
878:
874:
871:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
850:
839:
829:
823:
820:This section
818:
814:
809:
808:
802:
800:
798:
794:
790:
789:United States
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
698:
693:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
646:
640:
632:
627:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
508:
504:
503:Fortunatianus
499:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Eastern Ladin
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
402:
400:
391:
387:
386:
376:
340:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
313:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
261:
256:
252:
248:
245:
240:
235:
230:
227:
222:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
200:
196:
193:
189:
183:
178:
175:
174:
173:
149:
146:
145:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:Gallo-Romance
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:Italo-Western
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:Indo-European
104:
100:
94:
88:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
9108:
9099:
9051:
9044:
9037:
8986:
8914:
8888:
8881:
8843:Languedocien
8835:
8828:Judeo-Gascon
8826:
8767:
8718:
8688:Barranquenho
8667:
8660:
8636:
8618:
8560:
8522:
8505:
8496:Extremaduran
8470:
8444:
8430:
8418:
8406:
8399:
8356:
8315:Asturleonese
8279:
8272:
8230:West Walloon
8218:Saintongeais
8166:
8142:
8138:Anglo-Norman
8096:
8029:Newfoundland
7989:Jersey Legal
7981:
7889:
7854:Southwestern
7837:Vallassinese
7726:Gallo-Picene
7667:Gallo-Italic
7629:
7545:
7540:
7479:
7445:
7360:
7306:
7182:Bargunsegner
7179:
7150:
7142:
7120:
7090:Maréo/Badiot
7087:
7065:
7050:
7042:
6987:
6964:Sinte Romani
6774:Torre Valley
6722:South Slavic
6667:Italy portal
6611:
6359:Vallassinese
6240:Gallo-Italic
5802:
5776:
5721:
5683:C-evo Furlan
5642:
5634:
5568:
5528:Italy portal
5499:. Retrieved
5496:pasolini.net
5495:
5486:
5474:. Retrieved
5470:the original
5465:
5456:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5378:
5374:
5361:
5349:
5342:
5330:. Retrieved
5326:
5317:
5308:
5281:cite journal
5262:
5258:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5217:
5210:
5198:. Retrieved
5168:
5164:
5154:
5134:
5127:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5083:
5073:
5062:. Retrieved
5040:
5028:. Retrieved
4998:
4994:
4984:
4976:the original
4971:
4962:
4951:. Retrieved
4936:
4926:
4909:
4882:
4876:
4864:the original
4859:
4848:
4837:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4813:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4777:
4766:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4718:
4634:Faggin-Nazzi
4631:
4611:
4598:Latin script
4591:
4584:Sign of the
4566:
4562:adding to it
4557:
4523:
4488:
4486:
4430:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4374:ploie (rain)
4373:
4369:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4276:
4261:
4233:
4231:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4190:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4094:
4093:(devil) and
4090:
4086:
4036:
4004:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:An example:
3763:
3654:Declaration
3640:
3624:
3615:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3547:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3364:
3350:
3346:
3308:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3063:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2948:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2797:
2791:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2729:, including
2726:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2599:
2595:
2581:
2569:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2478:
2467:
2452:
2441:
2431:
2416:
2409:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2349:
2335:
2321:
2306:
2289:
2278:
2267:
2256:
2248:
2247:, cf. short
2236:
2228:
2218:
2215:
2192:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2134:
2111:
2088:
2065:
2042:
2019:
1991:
1987:
1986:(a) little,
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1920:
1917:
1882:
1878:
1827:are spelled
1769:
1765:
1662:
1496:
1495:"drunk" vs.
1488:
1387:
1041:
1037:adding to it
1032:
903:
894:
887:
881:
863:
852:
833:
821:
796:
793:South Africa
742:
732:
702:
684:conservative
642:
610:
607:Vulgar Latin
592:
575:
571:
520:(the common/
517:
495:
457:
398:
389:
338:
337:
309:
287:Linguasphere
258:
147:
9064:Campidanese
8890:Old Catalan
8883:Old Occitan
8620:Old Spanish
8554:Rioplatense
8358:Old Leonese
8186:Cotentinais
8150:Guernésiais
8073:Frenchville
8066:New England
7945:Bourbonnais
7897:Piedmontese
7891:Old Lombard
7783:Bergamasque
7707:Sammarinese
6972:Wenzhounese
6797:Montenegrin
6744:Gail Valley
6545:Piedmontese
6449:Bergamasque
6095:Campidanese
5936:Beneventano
5903:Marchigiano
5835:Wenzhounese
5438:instead of
5200:January 31,
5030:January 31,
4600:with the c-
4476:concordiese
4376:instead of
4368:the use of
4361:instead of
4353:instead of
4351:vueli (oil)
4345:instead of
4341:the use of
4334:instead of
4326:instead of
4324:fier (iron)
4130:, trousers.
4112:, to tear;
4029:Middle Ages
3991:facilmentri
3983:lentementri
3939:lais, vais
3825:(to speak)
3805:, to have;
3787:infinitives
3766:jo o lavori
3660:Invocation
3625:pleonastics
3499:cavalariscj
3436:= eye, eyes
3408:= hat, hats
3235:= cat, cats
3221:= dog, dogs
3053:vert, verde
3046:garp, garbe
3039:gnûf, gnove
3006:bruta/bruto
2957:Declension
2949:A Friulian
2590:are either
2359:< Latin
2342:< Latin
2328:< Latin
2299:(Classical
2207:from Latin
2091:"a little"
1859:is spelled
1837:is spelled
1753:is spelled
1707:is spelled
1659:Orthography
1405:labiodental
1358:Approximant
997: [
958: [
755:or outside
753:Switzerland
664:Switzerland
547:, a likely
434:furlanščina
324:instead of
9135:Categories
9111:indicates
9069:Logudorese
8602:Philippine
8568:Andalusian
8562:Peninsular
8452:Estremenho
8408:Portuguese
8335:Cantabrian
8168:Law French
8160:Sercquiais
7994:Meridional
7955:Champenois
7950:Burgundian
7761:Tabarchino
7751:Monégasque
7690:Parmigiano
7547:Neapolitan
7520:Manduriano
7487:Florentine
7354:Wallachian
7324:Bukovinian
7088:varieties:
7051:varieties:
6490:Parmigiano
6282:Tabarchino
6272:Monégasque
6100:Logudorese
6019:Manduriano
5882:Florentine
5645:of Windsor
5637:of Toronto
5265:(2): 242.
5064:2024-06-04
4953:2022-10-07
4933:"Friulian"
4911:Ethnologue
4728:References
4444:influence.
4417:neologisms
4275:is called
4215:Tierç lion
4001:Vocabulary
3843:(to have)
3774:lavorassio
3495:cavalarist
3361:Exceptions
3349:(key) and
2965:Masculine
2945:Adjectives
2940:some books
2936:dai libris
2927:des vacjis
2899:Masculine
2855:il + arbul
2814:Masculine
2600:la cjadree
2566:Morphology
2550:"fig" vs.
2536:Synchronic
1966:(light n.)
1927:circumflex
1891:is silent.
1885:"lesson").
1881:"nation",
1715:elsewhere.
1669:circumflex
1413:labiovelar
1399:, whereas
1056:Consonants
1009:1930–2009
988:1929–2021
980:1922–1975
970:1920–2009
949:1812–1887
939:1792–1867
929:1622–1692
803:Literature
733:tergestino
568:onomastics
558:, and the
426:Furlanisch
409:marilenghe
392:(natively
9119:varieties
9102:indicate
9059:Sardinian
9016:Triestine
8964:Sursilvan
8875:Mentonasc
8853:Provençal
8802:Auvergnat
8788:Valencian
8744:Mallorcan
8734:Algherese
8709:Occitano-
8656:Navarrese
8644:Aragonese
8580:Castilian
8483:Castilian
8459:Uruguayan
8432:Brazilian
8395:Minderico
8389:/Eonavian
8352:Mirandese
8266:Valdôtain
8252:/Arpitan
8193:Orléanais
8144:Auregnais
8128:Mayennais
8078:Louisiana
7960:Ardennais
7940:Berrichon
7746:Intemelio
7702:Forlivese
7685:Bolognese
7631:Dalmatian
7595:Tarantino
7558:Benevento
7515:Salentino
7475:Sassarese
7439:Gallurese
7422:Romanesco
7375:Dalmatian
7339:Moldavian
7334:Maramureș
7292:Aromanian
7191:Tuatschin
7164:Sutsilvan
7154:Sursilvan
7093:Gherdëina
6731:Slovenian
6581:Triestine
6518:languages
6504:Forlivese
6483:Bolognese
6329:Legnanese
6267:Intemelio
6212:Valdôtain
6155:Mentonasc
6131:Algherese
6087:Sardinian
6078:Sardinian
6064:Sassarese
6059:Gallurese
6047:languages
6013:Salentino
5985:Tarantino
5956:Cosentino
5913:Romanesco
5827:Sardinian
5722:uses the
5395:170893106
5311:: 205–244
5195:214398787
5119:0300-340X
5025:214398787
4938:Glottolog
4890:Footnotes
4872:Notations
4840:. Udine:
4820:Ce Fastu?
4805:. Udine:
4780:. Udine:
4769:. Udine:
4758:. Udine:
4657:Friulian
4649:Examples
4569:July 2012
4519:Pordenone
4406:Criticism
4318:replaces
4313:diphthong
4266:, one in
4240:in 1919.
4193:, still).
4116:, spoon;
4106:Lombardic
4059:Hungarian
3936:fevelais
3801:, to be;
3657:Question
2973:Singular
2968:Feminine
2951:adjective
2932:some cows
2907:Feminine
2822:Singular
2817:Feminine
2770:desinence
2715:= brother
2688:Masculine
2540:obstruent
2357:*/tɛpedu/
2255:vs. long
2022:"thirst"
2008:Codroipo
1929:accent):
1579:Close mid
1482:and some
1275:voiceless
1269:Fricative
1216:voiceless
1210:Affricate
1137:voiceless
1044:July 2012
1016:Phonology
898:dum(n) lo
828:talk page
785:Venezuela
777:Argentina
769:Australia
599:Slovenian
260:Glottolog
244:ISO 639-3
226:ISO 639-2
78:Friulians
74:Ethnicity
8995:Venetian
8969:Vallader
8959:Surmiran
8932:Cadorino
8915:Friulian
8848:Limousin
8817:Béarnese
8779:Western
8761:Northern
8749:Menorcan
8739:Balearic
8730:Eastern
8726:dialects
8585:Castrapo
8542:Peruvian
8513:dialects
8446:European
8414:dialects
8401:Portugis
8382:Galician
8323:Asturian
8261:Savoyard
8213:Poitevin
8181:Cauchois
8155:Jèrriais
8002:Canadian
7881:Varesino
7876:Ticinese
7864:Novarese
7859:Cremunés
7849:Ossolano
7844:Milanese
7832:Lecchese
7800:Brianzöö
7731:Ligurian
7697:Romagnol
7578:Arianese
7573:Irpinian
7568:Cilentan
7532:Pantesco
7527:Sicilian
7498:Southern
7434:Corsican
7410:Macerata
7405:Fabriano
7344:Oltenian
7314:dialects
7274:Southern
7174:Vallader
7159:Surmiran
7103:Cadorino
7043:Friulian
6874:Cimbrian
6866:Bavarian
6792:Croatian
6699:Arbëresh
6682:Albanian
6623:Cadorino
6612:Friulian
6568:Venetian
6559:Venetian
6498:Romagnol
6426:Cremunés
6419:Novarese
6398:Varesino
6389:Ossolano
6382:Ticinese
6375:Milanese
6366:Lecchese
6249:Ligurian
6054:Corsican
6033:Pantesco
6027:Sicilian
5967:Arianese
5961:Irpinian
5951:Cilentan
5908:Marinese
5807:Germanic
5803:Friulian
5791:Croatian
5783:Albanian
5704:Archived
5692:Archived
5594:Archived
5577:Archived
5501:17 March
5476:17 March
5332:17 March
5080:"Raetic"
5058:"Script"
4947:Archived
4906:Friulian
4654:English
4644:Examples
4392:or from
4281:Tolmezzo
4244:Toponyms
4174:sopressâ
4155:pardabon
4145:, straw.
4124:, path;
4089:(cake),
4075:Slovenes
4067:, barn;
4049:(mostly
3989:becomes
3981:becomes
3953:fevelin
3919:fevelìn
3868:fevelis
3837:(to be)
3831:(to go)
3770:lavorio?
3641:optative
3621:pronouns
3132:sistemis
2859:l'arbul.
2788:Articles
2735:probleme
2606:Feminine
2415:, as in
2386:oc(u)lum
2353:/ˈtivit/
2326:*/sɛtte/
2282:/ˈzinar/
2271:/ˈtivit/
2014:Central
1982:"wire",
1974:thirst,
1960:(luxury)
1612:Open mid
1434:, where
1397:bilabial
1079:Alveolar
836:May 2018
615:Cividale
603:Venetian
564:toponyms
507:Aquileia
498:Aquileia
474:Venetian
418:friulano
339:Friulian
330:Help:IPA
293:51-AAA-m
280:Friulian
267:friu1240
171:Dialects
148:Friulian
40:Friulian
9100:Italics
9001:Chipilo
8944:Romansh
8907:Romance
8905:Rhaeto-
8870:Gardiol
8822:Landese
8812:Aranese
8797:Occitan
8756:Central
8720:Catalan
8711:Romance
8612:Creoles
8607:Saharan
8595:Murcian
8573:Llanito
8530:Chilean
8507:Spanish
8464:Creoles
8438:Mineiro
8420:African
8345:Riberan
8340:Leonese
8305:Iberian
8298:Romance
8225:Walloon
8198:Paydret
8176:Augeron
8116:Vosgien
8111:Gaumais
8106:Lorrain
8098:Creoles
8061:Muskrat
8007:Acadian
7935:Angevin
7925:Langues
7916:Romance
7822:Comasco
7795:Western
7788:Cremish
7778:Eastern
7773:Lombard
7741:Genoese
7736:Brigasc
7680:Emilian
7658:Western
7637:Istriot
7600:Vastese
7585:Molisan
7447:Italian
7383:Central
7329:Crișana
7284:Eastern
7267:Western
7252:Eastern
7135:Romansh
7099:Ampezan
6919:Yiddish
6879:Mòcheno
6754:Istrian
6477:Emilian
6456:Cremish
6435:Spasell
6345:Comasco
6292:Lombard
6262:Genoese
6257:Brigasc
6223:Cellese
6141:Occitan
6123:Catalan
5990:Vastese
5975:Molisan
5891:Central
5856:Italian
5831:Slovene
5819:Occitan
5787:Catalan
5466:slu.edu
5090:26 July
4844:, 2005.
4809:, 1981.
4784:, 2007.
4773:, 1984.
4762:, 1966.
4602:cedilla
4533:became
4517:, near
4479:, from
4415:in the
4268:Italian
4238:Gorizia
4198:English
4166:Italian
4142:canucje
4127:bragons
4099:Slovene
4023:Modern
4014:Rhaetic
3995:a planc
3969:Adverbs
3902:fevele
3885:fevele
3882:Lui al
3851:feveli
3819:Person
3702:-(i)al
3699:-(i)al
3618:subject
3413:cjaveli
3405:cjapiei
3399:cjapiel
3355:English
3204:lezions
3169:English
3146:manecis
3126:sisteme
3118:scuelis
3060:Plurals
2990:brutis
2984:Plural
2962:Number
2833:Plural
2811:Number
2760:, like
2754:Italian
2747:problem
2731:sisteme
2681:cjasa -
2554:"son",
2362:TEPIDUM
2340:*/pɛde/
2297:*rīdere
2293:/ˈridi/
2286:generum
2275:tepidum
2235:yields
2227:yields
2210:MORITUR
2137:"wall"
2114:"fire"
2068:"wire"
2045:"foot"
2011:Carnia
1901:before
1841:before
1812:before
1790:before
1534:Central
1484:Occitan
1470:before
1454:before
1426:before
1393:/m,p,b/
1388:Notes:
1131:Plosive
1084:Palatal
773:Uruguay
749:Belgium
725:Trieste
717:Gorizia
660:Gorizia
649:Romansh
537:Venetic
533:Rhaetic
484:History
478:Slovene
470:Italian
454:Italian
436:) is a
430:Slovene
414:Italian
390:Friulan
385:-lee-ən
326:Unicode
122:Romance
18:Friulan
9031:Others
9011:Talian
9006:Fiuman
8980:Others
8920:Fornes
8858:Niçard
8807:Gascon
8775:Patuet
8681:Others
8590:Castúo
8296:Ibero-
8256:Faetar
8203:Picard
8133:Norman
8121:Welche
8044:Magoua
8034:Quebec
8024:Brayon
7983:French
7965:Rémois
7914:Gallo-
7869:Pavese
7827:Laghée
7805:Canzés
7756:Royasc
7618:Others
7553:Barese
7481:Tuscan
7427:Sabino
7400:Ancona
7373:Italo-
7108:Fornes
6958:Romani
6939:Hebrew
6932:Others
6914:Walser
6857:German
6769:Resian
6630:Fornes
6576:Fiuman
6412:Pavese
6352:Laghée
6313:Canzés
6277:Royasc
6217:Faetar
6194:Aostan
6186:French
6163:Niçard
5941:Barese
5918:Sabino
5874:Tuscan
5823:Romani
5795:French
5393:
5225:
5193:
5183:
5142:
5117:
5023:
5013:
4622:vowels
4531:Friuli
4527:Carnia
4460:Isonzo
4449:Carnia
4292:Davian
4288:Aviano
4284:Tumieç
4191:lambic
4187:Arabic
4150:French
4118:taponâ
4110:sbregâ
4055:Friuli
4047:Slavic
4043:Slavic
4025:German
4018:Celtic
3987:facile
3975:adverb
3950:Lôr a
3865:Tu tu
3823:fevelâ
3795:fevel-
3791:fevelâ
3716:-(i)e
3713:-(i)e
3674:-(i)o
3671:-(i)o
3441:zenoli
3419:cjavei
3377:cjavai
3371:cjaval
3302:guants
3260:libris
3246:fradis
3198:lezion
3160:gnecis
3140:manece
3112:scuele
3090:cjasis
3076:taulis
3010:brutis
2987:bruts
2979:brute
2743:sistem
2721:= book
2666:(e.g.
2656:lezion
2631:scuele
2596:il mûr
2572:French
2508:FĪLIUM
2486:prīmum
2482:/priŋ/
2449:carrum
2445:/caːr/
2427:/i(ː)/
2422:PETRAM
2378:patrem
2331:SEPTEM
2318:/i(ː)/
2301:rīdēre
2233:vallem
2096:PAUCUM
1990:fire,
1978:foot,
1954:(sons)
1942:(gone)
1936:(milk)
1883:lezion
1879:nazion
1808:, but
1786:, but
1508:Vowels
1503:"log".
1480:French
1446:, and
1307:voiced
1243:voiced
1174:voiced
1074:Dental
1069:Labial
791:, and
787:, the
781:Brazil
765:Mexico
761:Canada
757:Europe
751:, and
745:France
729:Muggia
676:German
672:Istria
668:Muggia
595:German
556:Veneti
553:Italic
541:Celtic
523:rustic
514:Gospel
476:, and
466:German
446:Friuli
399:furlan
177:Fornes
112:Italic
68:Friuli
64:Region
47:furlan
8954:Putèr
8949:Jauer
8937:Nones
8927:Ladin
8426:Asian
8083:Houma
8056:Métis
8039:Joual
8012:Chiac
7977:Gallo
7927:d'oïl
7319:Banat
7186:Jauer
7169:Putèr
7117:Fodom
7113:Nones
7080:Ladin
6843:Griko
6821:Greek
6759:Karst
6637:Nones
6617:Ladin
5815:Ladin
5811:Greek
5672:from
5391:S2CID
5371:(PDF)
5354:(PDF)
5191:S2CID
5021:S2CID
4829:, in
4722:ucei!
4535:Udine
4506:cjaso
4500:cjasa
4494:cjase
4441:Udine
4399:coinè
4394:Greek
4355:ueli
4336:tiare
4296:Pleif
4273:Udine
4264:names
4227:Bible
4211:Italy
4196:Many
4178:stirâ
4160:gustâ
4148:Some
4114:sedon
4091:cudiç
4087:colaç
4064:cjast
4037:bearç
3979:lente
3933:Vô o
3916:Nô o
3899:Jê e
3848:Jo o
3835:jessi
3799:jessi
3780:Verbs
3749:They
3605:bogns
3527:dincj
3509:tescj
3474:piels
3447:zenoi
3336:plats
3318:gjats
3296:guant
3288:braçs
3274:trens
3254:libri
3240:fradi
3232:gjats
3218:cjans
3154:gnece
3104:lunis
3084:cjase
3070:taule
3029:curte
3002:brute
3000:e.g.
2976:brut
2778:treno
2762:treno
2719:libri
2713:fradi
2709:= cat
2703:= dog
2675:cjaso
2669:cjase
2643:Latin
2639:-zion
2619:cjase
2588:nouns
2578:Nouns
2498:FĪCUM
2475:panem
2471:/paŋ/
2457:cārum
2417:piêre
2413:/jeː/
2408:>
2406:*/jɛ/
2404:>
2394:libra
2350:tivit
2345:PEDEM
2279:zinar
2268:tivit
2261:novum
2249:gnove
2225:valet
2204:MORIT
2198:MŪRUM
2142:MŪRUM
2119:FOCUM
2073:FĪLUM
2050:PEDEM
2027:SITIM
2005:West
1546:Close
1529:Front
1401:/f,v/
1338:Trill
1096:Nasal
1089:Velar
1005:]
966:]
759:, to
739:World
699:Italy
694:Areas
688:Italy
645:Ladin
584:their
576:-icco
572:-acco
560:Carni
545:Raeti
528:Latin
462:Ladin
450:Italy
388:) or
381:free-
195:Latin
58:Italy
9109:Bold
8694:Caló
8377:Fala
8303:West
6739:Brda
5503:2018
5478:2018
5434:and
5334:2018
5287:link
5223:ISBN
5202:2020
5181:ISBN
5140:ISBN
5115:ISSN
5092:2018
5032:2020
5011:ISBN
4489:home
4378:ploe
4363:ueit
4328:fiar
4311:the
4294:and
4277:Udin
4170:tren
4122:troi
4070:zigâ
4016:and
3959:son
3956:van
3945:vês
3942:sês
3928:vin
3925:sin
3922:lin
3874:sês
3871:vâs
3857:soi
3854:voi
3807:podê
3707:She
3688:-tu
3685:-tu
3629:verb
3593:agns
3589:agns
3587:and
3581:ains
3553:vues
3541:ducj
3521:dint
3505:test
3484:vals
3470:piel
3427:voli
3351:clap
3347:clâf
3342:plas
3330:plat
3324:gjas
3312:gjat
3282:braç
3268:tren
3226:gjat
3212:cjan
3190:mans
3176:dogs
3172:cats
3098:lune
3025:curt
2934:and
2910:une
2886:unus
2880:and
2849:and
2839:lis
2798:ille
2782:tren
2745:and
2707:gjat
2701:cjan
2625:lune
2544:pâri
2521:vs.
2501:vs.
2479:prin
2453:cjâr
2442:cjâr
2402:*/ɛ/
2398:*/ɛ/
2390:lîre
2382:vôli
2374:pâri
2322:siet
2314:/jɛ/
2310:*/ɛ/
2290:ridi
2257:gnûf
2253:nova
2162:and
1905:and
1875:/dz/
1871:/ts/
1857:/dʒ/
1845:and
1835:/tʃ/
1825:/cɟ/
1816:and
1794:and
1697:and
1635:Open
1539:Back
1491:cjoc
1466:and
1458:and
1442:and
1407:and
1403:are
1395:are
856:lost
727:and
709:Alps
601:and
566:and
539:and
5432:lis
5428:las
5426:or
5383:doi
5267:doi
5173:doi
5169:131
5003:doi
4999:131
4908:at
4564:.
4503:or
4491:is
4095:cos
3962:àn
3908:je
3905:va
3888:va
3877:âs
3860:ai
3758:-o
3755:-o
3752:-a
3744:-o
3741:-o
3730:-o
3727:-o
3721:We
3696:al
3693:He
3682:tu
3631:in
3600:bon
3585:agn
3577:ain
3565:mês
3559:pes
3535:dut
3480:val
3433:voi
3391:fîi
3385:fîl
3184:man
3016:).
3012:is
2998:s -
2922:dai
2918:des
2902:un
2828:la
2825:il
2678:or
2650:man
2560:vâl
2556:val
2528:NŌS
2518:NŌN
2468:pan
2438:/r/
2336:pît
2237:val
2229:vâl
2193:mûr
2135:mûr
2112:fûc
2089:pôc
2066:fîl
2043:pît
2020:sêt
1992:mûr
1988:fûc
1984:pôc
1980:fîl
1976:pît
1972:sêt
1964:lûs
1958:lus
1952:fîs
1946:fis
1940:lât
1934:lat
1873:or
1802:/ɡ/
1780:/k/
1770:in-
1762:/n/
1751:/ɲ/
1745:/z/
1729:/s/
1719:/w/
1705:/j/
1699:/o/
1695:/ɔ/
1687:/e/
1683:/ɛ/
1499:çoc
1411:is
1409:/w/
1328:(ʒ)
1296:(ʃ)
1123:(ŋ)
1039:.
999:fur
960:fur
666:to
516:in
406:or
312:IPA
275:ELP
251:fur
234:fur
9137::
7123::
7068::
5833:,
5829:,
5825:,
5821:,
5817:,
5813:,
5809:,
5805:,
5801:,
5797:,
5793:,
5789:,
5785:,
5781::
5720:–
5676:–
5567:.
5494:.
5464:.
5440:la
5436:le
5424:li
5420:il
5416:al
5412:il
5408:el
5389:,
5379:33
5377:,
5373:,
5325:.
5307:,
5295:^
5283:}}
5279:{{
5263:32
5261:.
5189:.
5179:.
5163:.
5111:43
5082:.
5049:^
5019:.
5009:.
4993:.
4970:.
4945:.
4941:.
4935:.
4898:^
4858:.
4818:,
4521:.
4402:.
4396:,
4388:,
4357:,
4343:vu
4330:,
4322::
4320:ia
4316:ie
4298:.
4217:,
3911:à
3894:à
3891:è
3841:vê
3829:lâ
3803:vê
3738:o
3724:o
3710:e
3668:o
3665:I
3608:.
3595:.
3583:,
3579:,
3573:an
3538:,
3524:,
3507:,
3497:,
3482:,
3472:,
3462:.
3458::
3444:,
3430:,
3416:,
3402:,
3388:,
3374:,
3299:,
3285:,
3271:,
3257:,
3243:,
3229:,
3215:,
3201:,
3187:,
3178:.
3157:,
3143:,
3129:,
3115:,
3101:,
3087:,
3073:,
3027:,
2938:-
2930:–
2882:an
2863:la
2851:la
2847:il
2836:i
2784:.
2774:-o
2766:-s
2758:-o
2727:-e
2696:.
2694:-i
2645:.
2612:-e
2586:,
2574:.
2552:fî
2548:fi
2523:nô
2513:no
2511:,
2503:fî
2493:fi
2477:,
2410:iê
2388:,
2380:,
2365:.
2303:).
2288:,
2277:,
2245:-a
1849:,
1766:-s
1747:).
1671::
1648:aː
1604:oː
1590:eː
1571:uː
1557:iː
1259:dʒ
1252:dz
1232:tʃ
1225:ts
1003:it
1001:;
964:it
962:;
783:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
747:,
690:.
647:,
597:,
590:.
574:,
535:,
510:c.
472:,
468:,
432::
428:;
424::
420:;
416::
412:;
383:OO
360:uː
8307:)
8301:(
7239:)
7235:(
7225:e
7218:t
7211:v
7027:e
7020:t
7013:v
5753:e
5746:t
5739:v
5505:.
5480:.
5442:.
5385::
5336:.
5289:)
5269::
5231:.
5204:.
5175::
5148:.
5121:.
5094:.
5067:.
5034:.
5005::
4956:.
4571:)
4567:(
4380:.
4370:i
4365:.
4347:u
4338:.
3456:x
3055:)
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