293:
198:
37:
28:
761:
1815:(The belief that 2-furoic acid has a structure similar to salicylic acid makes probable the presence of tetraphenol during the distillation of salts of 2-furoic acid.) That is, just as heating salts of salicylic acid produces phenol, so heating salts of 2-furoic acid should produce an analog of phenol containing 4 carbon atoms.
1572:(I join to this request also the observation that the formic acid which is formed by the simultaneous reaction of sulfuric acid and manganese peroxide with sugar and which contains a volatile material that appears oily in an isolated condition and that smells like a mixture of cassia and bitter almond oil … )
1126:
Between 3% and 10% of the mass of crop residue feedstocks can be recovered as furfural, depending on the type of feedstock. Furfural and water evaporate together from the reaction mixture, and separate upon condensation. The global production capacity is about 800,000 tons as of 2012. China is the
1138:
or other acids. With the purpose to avoid toxic effluents, an effort to substitute sulfuric acid with easily separable and reusable solid acid catalysts has been studied around the world. The formation and extraction of xylose and subsequently furfural can be favored over the extraction of other
1142:
In industrial production, some lignocellulosic residue remains after the removal of the furfural. This residue is dried and burned to provide steam for the operation of the furfural plant. Newer and more energy efficient plants have excess residue, which is or can be used for co-generation of
955:
supported this idea. From work published in 1877, Baeyer had confirmed his previous belief on the structure of furfural. By 1886, furfurol was being called "furfural" (short for "furfuraldehyde") and the correct chemical structure for furfural was being proposed. By 1887, the German chemist
1386:
1813:"Die Ansicht, dass die Pyroschleimsäure eine der Salicylsäure ähnliche Constitution besitzt, macht das Auftreten des Tetraphenols bei der Destillation der pyroschleimsauren Salze wahrscheinlich."
2205:
Gómez Millán, Gerardo; El Assal, Zouhair; Nieminen, Kaarlo; et al. (15 December 2018). "Fast furfural formation from xylose using solid acid catalysts assisted by a microwave reactor".
2056:
Cai, Charles M.; Zhang, Taiying; Kumar, Rajeev; Wyman, Charles E. (2014). "Integrated furfural production as a renewable fuel and chemical platform from lignocellulosic biomass".
1494:
1355:
661:
774:
2668:
1450:
1917:. Vol. II: Chemistry of Carbon-Compounds or, Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: P. Blakiston, Son, & Co. pp. 379–380.
1282:
1994:[On the breakdown of 2-methylfuran into the aldehyde of levulinic acid, pentanonal. Investigations into the components of tar from beech trees. I.].
342:
893:
found that the same chemical could be produced by distilling a wide variety of crop materials, including corn, oats, bran, and sawdust, with aqueous
2583:
NTP TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES OF FURFURAL (CAS NO. 98-01-1) IN F344/N RATS AND B6C3F1 MICE (GAVAGE STUDIES)
998:
Furfural participates in the same kinds of reactions as other aldehydes and other aromatic compounds. It exhibits less aromatic character than
2433:
2333:
2300:
2181:
1467:
2476:
1992:"Ueber die Aufspaltung des Sylvans zum Aldehyd der Lävulinsäure, Pentanonal. Untersuchungen über Bestandtheile des Buchentheers. I."
307:
1127:
biggest supplier of furfural, and accounts for the greater part of global capacity. The other two major commercial producers are
928:
1151:
It is commonly found in many cooked or heated foods such as coffee (55–255 mg/kg) and whole grain bread (26 mg/kg).
2359:"How Catalysts and Experimental Conditions Determine the Selective Hydroconversion of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural"
882:
781:
250:
271:
1960:
1991:
2663:
2633:
1286:
1184:
1007:
693:
672:
1382:
2260:"Furfural production from xylose and birch hydrolysate liquor in a biphasic system and techno-economic analysis"
1703:
1293:
ppm over an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA), and also designates furfural as a risk for skin absorption.
1183:
composites, cements, adhesives, casting resins and coatings. Further hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol leads to
1743:
1180:
983:
and corn cobs. The main countries producing furfural today are the
Dominican Republic, South Africa and China.
1774:
991:
Furfural dissolves readily in most polar organic solvents, but it is only slightly soluble in either water or
1929:
1854:
1829:
1584:"On the Oils Produced by the Action of Sulphuric Acid upon Various Classes of Vegetables. [Abstract]"
1879:
1120:
979:
began mass-producing it from oat hulls. Today, furfural is still produced from agricultural byproducts like
497:
1158:. It can be converted into a variety of solvents, polymers, fuels and other useful chemicals by a range of
193:
155:
1260:
1214:
1011:
740:
735:
1267:
due to the lack of data on humans and too few tests on animals to satisfy Group 2A/2B criteria. It is
960:
had inferred that some derivatives of furfural contained a furan nucleus. In 1901, the German chemist
873:, furfural is one of the oldest organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.
2214:
2111:
2065:
1411:
1302:
817:
115:
55:
2324:
Bonomi, Antonio; Cavalett, Otavio; Cunha, Marcelo
Pereira da; Lima, Marco A. P., eds. (2015-12-09).
935:. Determining the structure of furfural required some time: the furfural molecule contains a cyclic
2506:
1548:"Ueber die medicinische und chemische Anwendung und die vortheilhafte Darstellung der Ameisensäure"
1317:
976:
288:
81:
1824:
In 1877, Baeyer published a series of papers on furfural, as he tried to determine its structure.
2653:
2628:
2240:
1684:
1641:
1605:
1570:"Ich verbinde mit diese Bitte noch die Bemerkung, … Bittermandelöl riechende Materie enthält, … "
1550:[On the medical and chemical application and the profitable preparation of formic acid].
1275:
952:
2417:
2648:
2638:
2531:
2429:
2390:
2339:
2329:
2306:
2296:
2187:
2177:
2141:
2038:
1912:
1719:
1528:
1463:
1312:
898:
175:
36:
861:, referring to its usual source. Furfural is only derived from dried biomass. In addition to
2643:
2521:
2458:
2421:
2409:
2380:
2370:
2271:
2230:
2222:
2150:
2119:
2073:
2030:
2003:
1972:
1941:
1891:
1866:
1841:
1802:
1755:
1674:
1631:
1595:
1559:
1520:
1455:
1419:
1172:
944:
943:), which tends to break open when it's treated with harsh reagents. In 1870, German chemist
797:
463:
365:
2556:
1448:
Hoydonckx, H. E.; Van Rhijn, W. M.; Van Rhijn, W.; et al. "Furfural and
Derivatives".
259:
2658:
2484:
1230:
1203:
957:
528:
69:
Furfural, furan-2-carboxaldehyde, fural, furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde, pyromucic aldehyde
2582:
1620:"On the oils produced by the action of sulphuric acid upon various classes of vegetables"
1398:
Baird, Zachariah Steven; Uusi-Kyyny, Petri; Pokki, Juha-Pekka; et al. (6 Nov 2019).
2611:
2258:
Gómez Millán, Gerardo; Bangalore Ashok, R.P.; Oinas, Pekka; et al. (8 April 2020).
2218:
2115:
2069:
1415:
292:
197:
135:
91:
2526:
2425:
1307:
1010:. When heated in the presence of acids, furfural irreversibly polymerizes, acting as a
965:
890:
808:
OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an
752:
478:
1375:
1278:
is high, 650–900 mg/kg (oral, dogs), consistent with its pervasiveness in foods.
2622:
2410:
2244:
2170:
1645:
1239:
There is a good market for value added chemicals that can be obtained from furfural.
1168:
1135:
1116:
1003:
969:
948:
914:
894:
452:
442:
186:
2124:
2099:
1264:
1248:
1134:
In the laboratory, furfural can be synthesized from plant material by heating with
1128:
961:
2357:
Chen, Shuo; Wojcieszak, Robert; Dumeignil, Franck; et al. (26 October 2018).
2021:
Brownlee, Harold J.; Miner, Carl S. (1948). "Industrial
Development of Furfural".
1459:
1139:
sugars with varied conditions, such as acid concentration, temperature, and time.
2226:
239:
2385:
2375:
2358:
1268:
1222:
1176:
886:
866:
821:
628:
574:
552:
518:
2326:
Virtual biorefinery: an optimization strategy for renewable carbon valorization
2276:
2259:
1022:
Furfural may be obtained by the acid catalyzed dehydration of 5-carbon sugars (
1945:
1870:
1845:
1759:
1424:
1399:
1351:
1252:
1192:
881:
Furfural was first isolated in 1821 (published in 1832) by the German chemist
393:
166:
2462:
2343:
2310:
2191:
2154:
2042:
2007:
1976:
1895:
1806:
1563:
1532:
947:
speculated about the structure of the chemically similar compounds furan and
1486:
1256:
1226:
1199:
1159:
1155:
2394:
1679:
1662:
1636:
1619:
1600:
2535:
1187:(THFA), which is used as a solvent in agricultural formulations and as an
2100:"Economics of biofuels: Market potential of furfural and its derivatives"
1400:"Vapor Pressures, Densities, and PC-SAFT Parameters for 11 Bio-compounds"
1188:
1112:
932:
809:
2507:"Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals"
2034:
1524:
2235:
1023:
999:
980:
862:
840:
424:
226:
2077:
1688:
1609:
1034:
1027:
992:
146:
1583:
1547:
751:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
27:
1588:
Abstracts of the Papers
Communicated to the Royal Society of London
1511:
Peters, Fredus N. (1936). "The Furans: Fifteen Years of
Progress".
1143:
electricity, cattle feed, activated carbon, mulch/fertiliser, etc.
214:
1218:
1207:
1162:
1154:
Furfural is an important renewable, non-petroleum based, chemical
940:
936:
923:
870:
848:
833:
825:
813:
126:
114:
104:
2514:
IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
2172:
The chemistry and technology of furfural and its many by-products
1932:[(Contribution to our) knowledge of furfural compounds].
858:
836:
706:
414:
205:
2408:
Brydson, J. A. (1999). "Furan Resins". In J. A. Brydson (ed.).
1263:, but there is no data on human subjects. It is classified in
1131:
in South Africa and
Central Romana in the Dominican Republic.
829:
1491:
Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
2416:(Seventh ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp.
276:
35:
26:
1663:"An Account of the Artificial Formation of a Vegeto-Alkali"
975:
Furfural remained relatively obscure until 1922, when the
1667:
1624:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
972:, thereby also confirming furfural's proposed structure.
1002:, as can be seen from the fact that furfural is readily
769:
2588:(Report). U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
2291:
Edgard, Gnansounou; Pandey, Ashok, eds. (2016-12-20).
1914:
Watts' Manual of Chemistry: Theoretical and Practical
1495:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1356:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2449:R. J. Harrison; M. Moyle (1956). "2-Furoic Acid".
2169:
2058:Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
1236:Furfural is also a specialized chemical solvent.
1213:Another important solvent made from furfural is
885:, who produced a small sample as a byproduct of
238:
2139:Adams, Roger; Voorhees, V. (1921). "Furfural".
1746:[Reduction of istatin to indigo blue].
964:determined furan's structure through work with
90:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1996:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1965:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1934:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1884:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1859:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1834:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1795:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1748:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1451:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1283:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
8:
1506:
1504:
1387:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2615:in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
852:
291:
196:
174:
15:
2669:Substances discovered in the 19th century
2525:
2384:
2374:
2275:
2234:
2123:
1678:
1635:
1599:
1423:
889:synthesis. In 1840, the Scottish chemist
258:
1855:"Ueber das Furfurol. Zweite Mittheilung"
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
951:. Additional research by German chemist
917:named this oil "furfurol" in 1845 (from
1930:"Zur Kenntnis der Furfuranverbindungen"
1857:[On furfural. Second report.].
1830:"Ueber das Furfurol. Erste Mittheilung"
1329:
1198:In another application as a feedstock,
347:
312:
287:
2293:Life-cycle assessment of biorefineries
2023:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
1882:[On furfural. Third report.].
1880:"Ueber das Furfurol. III. Mittheilung"
1832:[On furfural. First report.].
1513:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
1481:
1479:
1404:International Journal of Thermophysics
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1225:, via oxidation, and furan itself via
1206:on furfural manufactures industrially
457:162 °C (324 °F; 435 K)
447:−37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)
316:InChI=1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
187:
1744:"Reduction des Istatins zu Indigblau"
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
820:of sugars, as occurs in a variety of
523:62 °C (144 °F; 335 K)
326:InChI=1/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
319:Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
154:
134:
7:
2295:. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
927:(oil)). In 1848, the French chemist
812:group attached to the 2-position of
329:Key: HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYAD
229:
213:
2264:Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
1742:Baeyer, A.; Emmerling, A. (1870).
1111:These sugars may be obtained from
14:
1217:. Furfural is used to make other
2426:10.1016/B978-075064132-6/50069-3
1911:Tilden, William A., ed. (1886).
1708:Annales de Chimie et de Physique
931:determined that furfural was an
897:; he also determined furfural's
759:
377:
1963:[On succindialdehyde].
1175:(FA), which is used to produce
755:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
2125:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.04.005
1195:penetrate the leaf structure.
383:
371:
1:
2581:Richard Irwin, Ph.D. (1990).
1460:10.1002/14356007.a12_119.pub2
728:Related Furan-2-carbaldehydes
666:(US health exposure limits):
2481:Carcinogenic Potency Project
2227:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.10.013
1706:[Note on furfurol].
2376:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00134
1961:"Ueber den Succindialdehyd"
541:or concentration (LD, LC):
22:
2687:
2277:10.1007/s13399-020-00702-4
2207:Fuel Processing Technology
1720:"Observations on furfurol"
1710:. 3rd series (in French).
1287:permissible exposure limit
1185:tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
1008:tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
883:Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
2168:Zeitsch, Karl J. (2000).
1946:10.1002/cber.188702002140
1871:10.1002/cber.187701001195
1846:10.1002/cber.187701001101
1760:10.1002/cber.187000301169
1702:Cahours, Auguste (1848).
1546:J. W. Döbereiner (1832).
1425:10.1007/s10765-019-2570-9
1383:GESTIS Substance Database
1179:, which are exploited in
816:. It is a product of the
749:
721:
660:
537:
512:
358:
338:
303:
74:
66:
54:
49:
21:
2477:"Furfural (CAS 98-01-1)"
2463:10.15227/orgsyn.036.0036
2155:10.15227/orgsyn.001.0049
2008:10.1002/cber.18980310109
1977:10.1002/cber.19010340225
1896:10.1002/cber.18770100225
1807:10.1002/cber.18700030129
1775:"Ueber das Tetraphenol C
1618:Stenhouse, John (1850).
1564:10.1002/jlac.18320030206
1181:thermoset polymer matrix
2176:. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
2098:Dalvand, Kaveh (2018).
1582:John Stenhouse (1843).
1454:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
1121:lignocellulosic biomass
498:Magnetic susceptibility
1928:Marckwald, W. (1887).
1878:Baeyer, Adolf (1877).
1853:Baeyer, Adolf (1877).
1828:Baeyer, Adolf (1877).
1773:Limpricht, H. (1870).
1716:(English translation:
1704:"Note sur le furfurol"
1680:10.1098/rstl.1845.0008
1661:George Fownes (1845).
1637:10.1098/rstl.1850.0024
1601:10.1098/rspl.1843.0234
1229:catalyzed vapor phase
853:
824:byproducts, including
40:
31:
2104:Biomass and Bioenergy
1785:[On tetraphenol C
1552:Annalen der Pharmacie
1261:single cell organisms
1221:derivatives, such as
1215:methyltetrahydrofuran
1171:of furfural provides
1012:thermosetting polymer
741:Methoxymethylfurfural
736:Hydroxymethylfurfural
39:
30:
2386:20.500.12210/12953.3
1990:Harries, C. (1898).
1959:Harries, C. (1901).
1724:The Chemical Gazette
1718:Cahours, A. (1848).
1303:Aniline acetate test
575:median concentration
60:Furan-2-carbaldehyde
56:Preferred IUPAC name
2557:"Furfural(Group 3)"
2487:on 24 November 2018
2369:(22): 11023–11117.
2219:2018FuPrT.182...56G
2116:2018BmBe..115...56D
2070:2014JCTB...89....2C
2035:10.1021/ie50458a005
1525:10.1021/ie50319a002
1416:2019IJT....40..102B
1147:Uses and occurrence
977:Quaker Oats Company
700:No established REL
563:mg/kg (oral, mice)
464:Solubility in water
401: g·mol
18:
2412:Plastics Materials
2328:. Cham: Springer.
1276:median lethal dose
953:Heinrich Limpricht
800:with the formula C
782:Infobox references
722:Related compounds
709:(Immediate danger)
41:
32:
16:
2664:2-Furyl compounds
2634:Conjugated dienes
2520:: 393–407. 1995.
2451:Organic Syntheses
2435:978-0-7506-4132-6
2335:978-3-319-26045-7
2302:978-0-444-63586-0
2183:978-0-08-052899-1
2142:Organic Syntheses
2078:10.1002/jctb.4168
1376:Record of CAS RN
1289:for furfural at 5
981:sugarcane bagasse
899:empirical formula
790:Chemical compound
788:
787:
272:CompTox Dashboard
116:Interactive image
45:
44:
2676:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
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2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2529:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2483:. Archived from
2473:
2467:
2466:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2363:Chemical Reviews
2354:
2348:
2347:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2270:(5): 2095–2106.
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1971:(2): 1488–1498.
1956:
1950:
1949:
1940:(2): 2811–2817.
1925:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1890:(2): 1358–1364.
1874:
1849:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1715:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1639:
1613:
1603:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1543:
1537:
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1508:
1499:
1498:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1445:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1395:
1389:
1373:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1318:Tollens' reagent
1292:
1173:furfuryl alcohol
1107:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1026:), particularly
966:succindialdehyde
945:Adolf von Baeyer
856:
798:organic compound
772:
766:
763:
762:
716:
686:
682:
652:
645:
641:
629:lowest published
613:
609:
602:
598:
591:
587:
562:
529:Explosive limits
507:
490:
486:
472:
436:
432:
400:
385:
379:
373:
366:Chemical formula
296:
295:
280:
278:
262:
242:
231:
217:
200:
189:
178:
158:
138:
118:
94:
23:
19:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2619:
2618:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
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2509:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
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2447:
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2407:
2406:
2402:
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2355:
2351:
2336:
2323:
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2318:
2303:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2257:
2256:
2252:
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1136:sulfuric acid
1132:
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1117:hemicellulose
1114:
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967:
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954:
950:
949:2-furoic acid
946:
942:
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926:
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915:George Fownes
900:
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895:sulfuric acid
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696:(Recommended)
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642:ppm (mouse, 6
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188:ECHA InfoCard
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2590:. Retrieved
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2517:
2513:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2485:the original
2480:
2471:
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2146:
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2134:
2107:
2103:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2002:(1): 37–47.
1999:
1995:
1985:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1906:
1887:
1883:
1862:
1858:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1812:
1811:From p. 90:
1798:
1794:
1768:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1727:
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1711:
1707:
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1512:
1490:
1449:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1377:
1280:
1273:
1265:IARC Group 3
1249:carcinogenic
1247:Furfural is
1246:
1238:
1235:
1212:
1197:
1177:furan resins
1167:
1153:
1150:
1141:
1133:
1129:Illovo Sugar
1125:
1110:
1021:
1004:hydrogenated
997:
990:
974:
962:Carl Harries
922:
921:(bran), and
918:
880:
844:
822:agricultural
793:
792:
662:
538:
419:Almond-like
350:c1cc(oc1)C=O
156:ChEMBL189362
75:Identifiers
67:Other names
2592:24 November
2566:24 November
2541:24 November
2491:24 November
2236:2117/125796
2064:(1): 2–10.
1865:: 695–698.
1840:: 355–358.
1754:: 514–517.
1673:: 253–262.
1630:: 467–480.
1594:: 939–941.
1410:(11): 102.
1308:Bial's test
1269:hepatotoxic
1253:lab animals
1223:furoic acid
1202:-catalyzed
1119:present in
887:formic acid
867:acetic acid
843:. The name
818:dehydration
610:ppm (rat, 1
599:ppm (rat, 6
588:ppm (dog, 6
553:median dose
539:Lethal dose
519:Flash point
406:Appearance
359:Properties
194:100.002.389
136:CHEBI:34768
2623:Categories
1730:: 457–460.
1714:: 277–285.
1616:See also:
1487:"Furfural"
1324:References
1285:has set a
1193:herbicides
1018:Production
987:Properties
857:, meaning
533:2.1–19.3%
394:Molar mass
260:DJ1HGI319P
167:ChemSpider
103:3D model (
82:CAS Number
2654:Fuel dyes
2629:Furfurals
2344:932064033
2311:967224456
2245:106216043
2213:: 56–67.
2192:162130560
2110:: 56–63.
2043:0019-7866
1801:: 90–91.
1646:186214485
1533:0019-7866
1257:mutagenic
1227:palladium
1200:palladium
1163:reduction
1160:catalytic
1156:feedstock
1113:pentosans
653:ppm (rat)
17:Furfural
2649:Solvents
2639:Monomers
2612:Furfural
2395:30362725
1793:O].
1497:(NIOSH).
1358:(NIOSH).
1297:See also
1191:to help
1189:adjuvant
1024:pentoses
933:aldehyde
845:furfural
826:corncobs
810:aldehyde
794:Furfural
513:Hazards
504:−47.1×10
500:(χ)
487:mmHg (20
433:g/mL (20
176:13863629
2644:Flavors
2536:9097102
2527:7681282
2215:Bibcode
2112:Bibcode
2066:Bibcode
1412:Bibcode
1385:of the
1381:in the
1378:98-01-1
1352:"#0297"
1000:benzene
993:alkanes
877:History
863:ethanol
841:sawdust
775:what is
773: (
687:mg/m)
683:ppm (20
559:300–500
508:cm/mol
425:Density
227:PubChem
92:98-01-1
2659:Resins
2534:
2524:
2457:: 36.
2432:
2420:–813.
2393:
2342:
2332:
2309:
2299:
2243:
2190:
2180:
2149:: 49.
2041:
1689:108270
1687:
1644:
1610:111080
1608:
1531:
1466:
1291:
1243:Safety
1028:xylose
919:furfur
869:, and
854:furfur
839:, and
796:is an
770:verify
767:
715:
685:
681:
651:
644:
640:
612:
608:
601:
597:
590:
586:
561:
506:
489:
485:
471:
435:
431:
429:1.1601
399:96.085
343:SMILES
215:C14279
147:ChEMBL
50:Names
2586:(PDF)
2510:(PDF)
2241:S2CID
1685:JSTOR
1642:S2CID
1606:JSTOR
1219:furan
1208:furan
941:furan
937:ether
924:oleum
871:sugar
851:word
849:Latin
834:wheat
814:furan
679:TWA 5
663:NIOSH
308:InChI
127:ChEBI
105:JSmol
2594:2018
2568:2018
2561:IARC
2543:2018
2532:PMID
2493:2018
2430:ISBN
2391:PMID
2340:OCLC
2330:ISBN
2307:OCLC
2297:ISBN
2188:OCLC
2178:ISBN
2039:ISSN
1529:ISSN
1464:ISBN
1281:The
1274:The
1255:and
1095:+ 3
968:and
859:bran
837:bran
717:ppm
707:IDLH
606:1037
491:°C)
473:g/L
437:°C)
415:Odor
251:UNII
240:7362
206:KEGG
2522:PMC
2459:doi
2422:doi
2418:810
2381:hdl
2371:doi
2367:118
2272:doi
2231:hdl
2223:doi
2211:182
2151:doi
2120:doi
2108:115
2074:doi
2031:doi
2004:doi
1973:doi
1942:doi
1892:doi
1867:doi
1842:doi
1803:doi
1756:doi
1675:doi
1671:135
1632:doi
1628:140
1596:doi
1560:doi
1521:doi
1456:doi
1420:doi
1259:in
1251:in
1030:.
1006:to
913:).
830:oat
713:100
694:REL
673:PEL
649:260
646:hr)
638:370
614:hr)
603:hr)
595:175
592:hr)
584:370
277:EPA
230:CID
2625::
2559:.
2530:.
2518:63
2516:.
2512:.
2479:.
2455:36
2453:.
2428:.
2389:.
2379:.
2365:.
2361:.
2338:.
2305:.
2268:11
2266:.
2262:.
2239:.
2229:.
2221:.
2209:.
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