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295:. La Gargouille is said to have been the typical dragon with bat-like wings, a long neck, and the ability to breathe fire from its mouth. Multiple versions of the story are given, either that St. Romanus subdued the creature with a crucifix, or he captured the creature with the help of the only volunteer, a condemned man. In each, the monster is led back to Rouen and burned, but its head and neck would not burn due to being tempered by its own fire breath. The head was then mounted on the walls of the newly built church to scare off evil spirits, and used for protection. In commemoration of St. Romain, the Archbishops of Rouen were granted the right to set a prisoner free on the day that the
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361:. Although most have grotesque features, the term gargoyle has come to include all types of images. Some gargoyles were depicted as monks, or combinations of real animals and people, many of which were humorous. Unusual animal mixtures, or chimeras, did not act as rainspouts and are more properly called grotesques. They serve as ornamentation but are now popularly called gargoyles.
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During the
Merovingian period Rouen occupies a prominent place in the long struggle between Fredegonde and Brunhilda, which culminated in the brutal murder of Bishop Pretextatus in his own cathedral. To the seventh ... The former's legendary victory over the monster Gargouille led to the well-known
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What are these fantastic monsters doing in the cloisters before the eyes of the brothers as they read? What is the meaning of these unclean monkeys, these strange, savage lions and monsters? To what purpose are here placed these creatures, half beast, half man or these spotted tigers? I see several
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all used animal-shaped waterspouts. During the 12th
Century, when gargoyles appeared in Europe, the Roman Catholic Church was growing stronger and converting many new people. Most of the population at this time was illiterate, so images were very important to convey ideas. Many early gargoyles
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between. Architects often used multiple gargoyles on a building to divide the flow of rainwater off the roof to minimize potential damage from rainstorms. A trough is cut in the back of the gargoyle and rainwater typically exits through the open mouth. Gargoyles are usually elongated fantastical
411:
bodies with one head and several heads with one body. Here is a quadruped with a serpent's head; there a fish with a quadruped's head; then again an animal: half horse, half goat... Surely, if we do not blush for such absurdities, we should at least regret what we have spent on them.
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depicted some version of a dragon, especially in France. In addition to serving as spouts for water, the gaping mouths of these gargoyles evoked the fearsome destructiveness of these legendary beasts, reminding the laity of the need for the church's protection.
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Both ornamented and unornamented waterspouts projecting from roofs at parapet level were a common device used to shed rainwater from buildings until the early 18th century. From that time, more and more buildings used drainpipes to carry the water from the
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ST ROMANUS, Bishop of Rouen (c. a.d. 640) Not much that is certainly authentic is known of this bishop. ... The legend is that this privilege took its rise from St
Romanus killing a great serpent, called Gargouille, with the assistance of a
1198:
The bishop put a leash round its neck, and the criminal led the
Gargouille into Rouen, where, amidst the acclamations of the ... And so once a year, on Ascension Day, until the time of the Revolution, the chapter used to select a condemned
996:
The word
Gargoyle is derived from 'La Gargouille'—the name of an immense dragon who lived in the river Seine at Rouen. The word Gargouille comes from the word for a throat, and gargle is derived from the same source. La Gargouille was
369:
roof to the ground and only very few buildings using gargoyles were constructed. This was because some people found them frightening, and sometimes heavy ones fell off, causing damage. In 1724, the London
Building Act passed by the
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St. Romanus (631–641) former chancellor of
Clotaire II; legend relates how he delivered the environs of Rouen from a monster called Gargouille, having ...
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346:. Originally, it had 102 gargoyles or spouts, but due to the heavy weight (they were crafted from marble), many snapped off and had to be replaced.
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architecture, gargoyles showed little variation, typically in the form of a lion's head. Similar lion-mouthed water spouts were also seen on
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The
Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church
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There are divided ideas as to the purpose of adding gargoyles to religious structures. Some state that gargoyles were meant to illustrate
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When not constructed as a waterspout and only serving an ornamental or artistic function, the technical term for such a sculpture is a
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with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing it from running down
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451:. This was especially common for pagans, and using these ideas helped conversion to Catholicism. Some animals (such as the
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353:, himself one of the great producers of gargoyles in the 19th century, the earliest known medieval gargoyles appear on
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419:, "There is much symbolism in the sculpture of the Gothic period; but we must be wary of reading in too much meaning."
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work, but throughout all ages, some means of water diversion, when not conveyed in gutters, was adopted. In
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Many medieval cathedrals included gargoyles and chimeras. According to French architect and author
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Rouen in France claims to be the origin of gargoyles, through the legend of a dragon La
Gargouille
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Carving
Gargoyles Grotesques, and Other Creatures of Myth: History, Lore, and 12 Artistic Patterns
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privilege of the Chapter of releasing a condemned criminal every Ascension Day. Charlemagne ...
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Herbermann, C.G.; Pace, E.A.; Pallen, C.B.; Shahan, T.J.; Wynne, J.J.; MacErlean, A.A. (1913).
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was famous for speaking out against gargoyles carved on the walls of his monastery's cloister:
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Gargoyles, Grotesques & Green Men: Ancient Symbolism in European and American Architecture
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which shares a Latin root with the verb "gargle" and is likely imitative in origin. The
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which in English is likely to mean "throat" or is otherwise known as the "gullet"; cf.
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Human qualities were sometimes ascribed to specific animals—that is, the animals were
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animals because their length determines how far water is directed from the wall. When
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an architecturally precise phrase which means "protruding gutter". Italian also uses
342:. An excellent example of this are the 39 remaining lion-headed water spouts on the
1343:. Published for the trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications.
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Medieval Religion and its Anxieties: History and Mystery in the Other Middle Ages
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1574:. Westminster studies in Christian communication. Westminster Press. p. 74
838:, Příbram District, Central Bohemian Region, the Czech Republic. Vítek's Square
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in the early 1990s, twelve gargoyles were replaced. One of them is modeled on
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A 1st century BC Hellenistic gargoyle representing a comical cook-slave from
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1557:. S. Bernardi Opera (in Latin). Vol. 3. Rome: Editiones Cistercienses.
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were sometimes cut into the buttress to divert water over the aisle walls.
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The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development
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devices. In the 12th century, before the use of gargoyles as rain spouts,
287:, relates how he delivered the country around Rouen from a monster called
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1746:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 466.
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and sin, while others have posited that grotesques in architecture were
1316:. Olympische Forschungen (in German). Vol. 4. Berlin: de Gruyter.
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This article is about the statues on buildings. For the monster, see
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The Stone Carvers: Master Craftsmen of Washington National Cathedral
357:(c. 1200–1220). One of the more famous examples is the gargoyles of
1599:. Architectural Book Publishing Company, Incorporated. p. xii.
177:"to swallow", which represented the gurgling sound of water (e.g.,
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Gargoyles, Chimères, and the Grotesque in French Gothic Sculpture
1518:
American Gargoyles: Flannery O'Connor and the Medieval Grotesque
1018:(4th ed.). Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp.
417:
Gargoyles, Chimeres and the Grotesque in French Gothic Sculpture
395:
1735:
884: – Coffee table book by Stephen King and f-stop Fitzgerald
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made the use of downpipes compulsory in all new construction.
173:("gullet"or "throat") and similar words derived from the root
116:
110:
1435:
The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters
1048:
Origin and meaning of gargle by Online Etymology Dictionary
1370:. The New Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 91.
674:
Gargoyle showing carver Roger Morigi with carver's tools,
480:
Chimera of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Chapel in
113:
107:
1015:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1401:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture
850:
Gargoyle representing a comical demon at the base of a
299:
of the saint was carried in procession (see details at
1487:. Daily Life through Artifacts. ABC-CLIO. p. 72.
192:"gargoyle"). It is also connected to the French verb
119:
1313:
Die Löwenkopf-Wasserspeier Vom Dach des Zeustempels
104:
253:A French legend that sprang up around the name of
227:. There are also regional variations, such as the
1521:. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 1.
415:According to Lester Burbank Bridaham, writing in
1161:. Fox Chapel Publishing Company, Incorporated.
1098:Butler, A.; Thurston, H.; Attwater, D. (1956).
408:
1255:Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture
1217:. Royal Archaeological Institute. p. 361
922:Holy Terrors: Gargoyles on Medieval Buildings
914:
912:
910:
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830:Gargoyle spewing water as part of a fountain
8:
1549:Leclercq, Jean; Rochais, H.M., eds. (1963).
1211:British Archaeological Association (1939).
773:Replica gargoyles at Old City Hall, Toronto
503:, Paris, France, showing the water channel
1721:VIDEO about the conservation of Gargoyles
977:. Gothic Image Publications. p. 51.
1239:
761:Original Old City Hall, Toronto gargoyle
1644:Guide to Gargoyles and Other Grotesques
1283:Dinsmoor, W.B.; Anderson, W.J. (1950).
904:
470:
1133:. Robert Appleton company. p. 209
1791:Objects believed to protect from evil
1726:The Gargoyles of Princeton University
1438:. Taylor & Francis. p. 248.
7:
1665:Mailands Monster / Milan's Monsters
974:Hargreaves New Illustrated Bestiary
1252:Clarke, S.; Engelbach, R. (1930).
1079:from the original on June 24, 2017
25:
1689:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
1647:. Washington National Cathedral.
1571:Art and the Message of the Church
749:(sometimes called "il Boccalone")
216:, when it has a grotesque shape.
1551:"Apologia ad Guillelmum abbatem"
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275:), the former chancellor of the
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919:Benton, Janetta Rebold (1997).
561:One of four gargoyles atop the
71:Gargoyle of the Vasa Chapel at
1484:Artifacts from Medieval Europe
56:Dragon-headed gargoyle of the
1:
676:Washington National Cathedral
269:
159:The term originates from the
1481:Tschen-Emmons, J.B. (2015).
854:with two smaller gargoyles,
327:, carved or modelled in the
1711:Gargoyles – Dolores Herrero
1662:Schymiczek, R.E.G. (2011).
1468:The National Trust Magazine
1069:"Word of the Day: Gargoyle"
372:Parliament of Great Britain
27:Exterior building sculpture
1817:
1761:13th-century introductions
1214:The Archaeological Journal
804:During a refurbishment of
246:
29:
1340:The ancient Olympic Games
315:is most often applied to
36:Gargoyle (disambiguation)
1432:Weinstock, J.A. (2016).
1404:. OUP USA. p. 642.
1258:. Dover books on Egypt.
540:St.-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk
404:St. Bernard of Clairvaux
243:Legend of the Gargouille
127:) is a carved or formed
1743:Encyclopædia Britannica
1593:Bridaham, L.B. (1930).
971:Hargreaves, J. (1990).
870:Architectural sculpture
501:Basilique du Sacré-Cœur
171:gurgulio, gula, gargula
1398:Hourihane, C. (2012).
1337:Swaddling, J. (1980).
1310:Willemsen, F. (1959).
413:
391:
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135:walls and eroding the
83:
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49:
34:. For other uses, see
1610:Varner, G.R. (2008).
1568:Nathan, W.L. (1961).
1555:Tractatus et opuscula
1515:Di Renzo, A. (1995).
1470:: 66–68. Autumn 2007.
1104:. Kenedy. p. 183
1075:. September 5, 2015.
947:"What Is a Gargoyle?"
881:Nightmares in the Sky
739:Santa Maria del Fiore
385:
351:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
200:word for gargoyle is
70:
55:
44:
1801:Supernatural legends
1641:Gasch, W.T. (2003).
1364:Fudgé, T.A. (2016).
1289:. Biblo and Tannen.
810:the titular creature
662:under reconstruction
1781:Gothic architecture
1668:. Books on Demand.
1185:Cities of the world
1182:Hodder, E. (1881).
1101:Lives of the Saints
925:. Abbeville Press.
812:from the 1979 film
587:Notre-Dame d'Amiens
388:Plasencia Cathedral
359:Notre-Dame de Paris
92:Gothic architecture
90:, and specifically
47:Notre-Dame de Paris
1796:Outdoor sculptures
1260:Dover Publications
718:Gargoyle from the
499:A gargoyle on the
392:
249:Gargoyle (monster)
84:
65:
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32:Gargoyle (monster)
1696:978-1-56098-829-8
1683:Hunt, M. (1999).
1675:978-3-8391-9593-2
1654:978-0-9745299-0-5
1623:978-1-4357-1142-6
1528:978-0-8093-2030-1
1494:978-1-61069-622-7
1445:978-1-317-04426-0
1411:978-0-19-539536-5
1377:978-1-137-56610-2
1323:978-3-11-003144-7
1296:978-0-8196-0283-1
1269:978-0-486-26485-1
1168:978-1-56523-329-4
1155:Cipa, S. (2009).
1029:978-0-395-82517-4
984:978-0-906362-12-9
932:978-0-7892-0182-9
660:Cologne Cathedral
622:Cloth Hall, Ypres
602:Notre Dame Church
517:St. John's Church
449:anthropomorphized
429:ancient Egyptians
273: 631–641 AD
206:gronda sporgente,
145:flying buttresses
58:Tallinn Town Hall
16:(Redirected from
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1734:, ed. (1911).
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791:Afghanistan
563:Peace Tower
281:Chlothar II
277:Merovingian
255:St. Romanus
194:gargariser,
164:gargouille,
147:were used,
1786:Grotesques
1755:Categories
956:19 October
899:References
787:Ai Khanoum
453:rhinoceros
400:apotropaic
333:terracotta
289:Gargouille
229:hunky punk
188:"throat";
179:Portuguese
1766:Ornaments
482:Flagstaff
437:Etruscans
367:guttering
311:The term
297:reliquary
221:grotesque
214:garguglia
186:garganta,
155:Etymology
149:aqueducts
129:grotesque
18:Gargoyles
1771:Drainage
1077:Archived
1044:"gargle"
1012:(2000).
888:Rainhead
864:See also
858:, Sweden
852:pinnacle
743:Florence
704:Scotland
608:, France
589:, France
573:, Canada
521:Helsinki
455:and the
336:cymatium
317:medieval
313:gargoyle
237:chimeras
210:gargolla
202:doccione
190:gárgola,
96:gargoyle
1578:May 11,
1534:May 11,
1500:May 11,
1451:May 11,
1417:May 11,
1383:May 11,
1221:May 11,
1192:May 11,
1137:May 11,
1108:May 11,
1083:May 11,
1053:May 11,
990:May 11,
645:Croatia
626:Belgium
571:Ontario
548:Belgium
525:Finland
486:Arizona
467:Gallery
390:, Spain
340:cornice
338:of the
307:History
198:Italian
183:Spanish
133:masonry
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724:France
700:Roslin
567:Ottawa
544:Ostend
441:Romans
439:, and
433:Greeks
423:Animal
329:marble
263:Romain
259:French
233:bosses
161:French
142:Gothic
137:mortar
81:Poland
77:Kraków
856:Visby
815:Alien
747:Italy
682:, USA
606:Dijon
301:Rouen
279:king
168:Latin
73:Wawel
1691:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1580:2018
1536:2018
1523:ISBN
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1489:ISBN
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1163:ISBN
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958:2018
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427:The
396:evil
293:Goji
235:and
225:boss
181:and
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