105:
75:
675:, and Squibnocket Pond. The only road into Aquinnah lies between the ponds. (Squibnocket Beach, which lies between the ocean and Squibnocket Pond, also connects to the town, but is often washed out during storms. No road crosses it.) Squibnocket Point, just east of this beach, is the southernmost point on Martha's Vineyard. Aquinnah has four accessible beaches for residents and the public: Philbin and Moshup (public) Beaches off Moshup Trail; Lobsterville Beach on the northern shore at Dogfish Bar, and Red Beach on Menemsha Pond. Other stretches of beach remain under private ownership.
1964:
586:
524:
997:
90:
1050:
626:
1811:
644:, the town has a total area of 40.8 square miles (106 km), of which 5.4 square miles (14 km) is land and 35.4 square miles (92 km) (86.85%) is water. Aquinnah ranks 334th in area out of 351 communities in the Commonwealth, and is the smallest town by land area on the Vineyard. To the north and northwest is the
452:. They comprise approximately one-third of the town's voters and are one of two federally recognized tribes of Wampanoag people in Massachusetts. This area is one of the earliest sites of whaling, with the Wampanoag harpooning their catch long before commercial whaling became the major maritime industry of Martha's Vineyard,
597:
who is said to have been at least partially responsible for many of the features of the island's physical landscape. The ocean is a rare aqua color here, with wave heights that are above average for the area. The water sometimes takes on a red, white or grayish tinge resulting from clay eroding from
1032:
There were 141 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.3% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone
1040:
The median income for a household in the town was $ 45,208, and the median income for a family was $ 46,458. Males had a median income of $ 37,917 versus $ 26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 21,420. About 8.6% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty
1036:
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
697:
like the rest of Martha's
Vineyard, Chappaquiddick, and nearby Nantucket. Dunes are fortified with healthy grasses but the southwestern shoreline has faced an annual reduction in its beaches for decades. The cliffs have also faced higher and stronger seas, leading to a 129 foot inland move of the
1004:
As of the census of 2000, there were 344 people, 141 households, and 88 families residing in the town. The population density was 64.1 inhabitants per square mile (24.7/km). There were 463 housing units at an average density of 86.3 per square mile (33.3/km). The racial makeup of the town was
1717:
THE ABORIGINAL RACES OF NORTH AMERICA; COMPRISING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF EMINENT INDIVIDUALS AND AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFERENT TRIBES FROM THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF THE CONTINENT TO THE PRESENT PERIOD WITH A DISSERTATION ON THEIR ORIGIN, ANTIQUITIES, MANNERS and CUSTOMS, ILLUSTRATIVE
1333:
1123:. The town operates its own police and fire departments, near the Town Hall at the town center. The Aquinnah Public Library, a former one-room schoolhouse of less than 1,000 square feet (93 m), is also nearby. The nearest post office is located 3 miles (4.8 km) away in Chilmark.
678:
Aside from
Aquinnah's famed clay cliffs, the landscape is noted for its rolling terrain, coastal heathlands, deciduous woods, high sand dunes and beach roses. At the 'head' of the island is the Aquinnah Headlands Preserve which provides sweeping coastal views for walkers.
568:
During the Island's earliest tourist booms of the late 19th century, ferries brought tourists directly to the Cliff's shores. Today, there is no direct transit between
Aquinnah and the mainland. Visitors to the island use commercial planes serving
605:
patrols conducted by police and
Wampanoag Conservation Rangers, who explain to visitors about the importance of the cliffs to the tribe. Under Massachusetts General Law Ch 272 Sec 59, a person may be fined or arrested for disturbing the clay.
1502:
74:
476:, part of a large language family that extended down the Atlantic Coast. Based on archeological testing, scientists estimate the earliest signs of human occupation in what is now Aquinnah date back 10,000 to 7,500 years.
104:
574:
1126:
In 2001, Aquinnah passed a bylaw requiring archaeological reviews of proposed building sites due to the 10 millennia of
Wampanoag history in the town. This bylaw has unearthed scores of significant discoveries.
1506:
1641:. Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21–5 through 21–7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920
1456:
561:, and a request from the Martha's Vineyard Commission for the Wampanoag tribe to work with the commission to "preserve the unique values of the Vineyard." The Wampanoag tribe says the commission has no
1135:
Aquinnah is served by Martha's
Vineyard Regional School District. Chilmark Elementary School and Up-Island School in West Tisbury, serve the town's elementary and middle–school students.
2089:
1143:, serves the entire island's high–school population. MVRHS's teams are nicknamed the Vineyarders, and their colors are purple and white. The school has a longstanding rivalry with
1870:
2129:
711:
1595:. 1: Number of Inhabitants. Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21–10 and 21–11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950
441:. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 439. Aquinnah is known for its beautiful clay cliffs and natural serenity, as well as its historical importance to the native
2104:
2099:
1974:
1666:. Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890
535:
Wampanoag for "land under the hill." Throughout the town's history, a
Wampanoag community has been among its residents. The people gained federal recognition as the
1156:
2114:
2109:
1058:
1567:
2094:
1692:
1863:
1476:
1136:
1832:
1913:
337:
118:
1691:. Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts.
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1534:. US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Archived from
2124:
1856:
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as a part of the
Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket district, which includes all of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, as well as a portion of
554:
347:
448:
Aquinnah is celebrated as a center of
Wampanoag culture and a center of pride and tradition among members of the federally recognized
613:," nudity is tolerated on Aquinnah Beach several hundred yards northwest of the footpath. The beach has a long history of attracting
89:
1350:
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Aquinnah is rare in that it is one of the few western-facing coastlines on the east coast. Even so, it still faces the challenge of
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172:
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1989:
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The
Wampanoag have a separate history; their creation myth tells that their ancestors reached the island after traveling on an
1984:
1010:
517:
1405:
1321:
Welcome to Horneytown, North Carolina, Population: 15: An Insider's Guide to 201 of the World's Weirdest and Wildest Places
1994:
1033:
living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.04.
1014:
2054:
1359:
987:
570:
516:. Gay Head was a descriptive name referring to the brilliant colors of the cliffs and was frequently noted on lists of
508:
This area was first settled by English colonists in 1669. Later colonists officially divided the town of Aquinnah from
472:, a Native American people, related to the larger Algonquin Nation of Southern New England. Historically they spoke an
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1953:
1880:
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1263:
1018:
665:
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550:
536:
449:
177:
28:
1786:
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In 2015, erosion at the town's western end led to a $ 3.5 million, 129 feet (39 m) move of its prominent, red brick
1838:
1109:
457:
303:
282:
1943:
1480:
1140:
958:
945:
932:
919:
906:
893:
880:
867:
854:
841:
828:
815:
802:
789:
776:
763:
750:
737:
1933:
1902:
1427:
321:
150:
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as a portion of the Cape and Islands district, which includes all of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and most of
445:
people. In 1965, Gay Head Cliffs were designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
2021:
1928:
1400:
1105:
1101:
1085:
653:
558:
509:
1374:
585:
1948:
1938:
1566:. US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23.
1022:
1660:
1635:
1608:
1144:
1097:
996:
633:
1589:
1560:
2061:
1089:
1066:
1026:
983:
484:
473:
430:
292:
35:
2004:
1006:
602:
523:
2031:
1477:"TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts"
1209:
1120:
1062:
418:
1685:
79:
The Clay Cliffs of Aquinnah and the Gay Head Lighthouse on the western end of Martha's Vineyard.
1188:
690:
off the beaches of Moshup Trail, and jogging and cycling the State Road and Moshup Trail loop.
648:
and Devil's Bridge. the latter an underwater rock reef most noted for causing the wreck of the
1116:
661:
468:
Before the arrival of English colonists, Martha's Vineyard and Aquinnah were inhabited by the
208:
1722:
1241:
2016:
1305:
1070:
649:
557:
is scheduled to proceed with construction despite opposition from the towns of Aquinnah and
469:
442:
426:
379:
60:
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1354:
694:
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1108:). All of Dukes County is patrolled by the Fifth (Oak Bluffs) Barracks of Troop D of the
699:
657:
645:
543:
1535:
1210:"National Natural Landmarks – National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)"
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announced it will begin construction of the Aquinnah Cliffs Casino in March 2019. The
2078:
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1283:
1258:
672:
513:
434:
330:
326:
165:
1147:, and the annual Island Cup between the football teams attracts a strong following.
593:
At the foot of the cliffs is Moshup's Beach, named after a great Aquinnah Wampanoag
683:
562:
1299:
1049:
1277:
1895:
27:"Aquinnah" redirects here. For the federally-recognized tribe of that name, see
617:
who delighted in "clay baths," the baths of which are now strictly prohibited.
1529:"1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts"
1503:"Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision – GCT-T1. Population Estimates"
1041:
line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.
610:
160:
133:
120:
1074:
497:
492:
480:
453:
273:
1842:
1790:
1189:"Census - Geography Profile: Aquinnah town, Dukes County, Massachusetts)"
614:
539:
in 1987 and controls sovereign tribal lands within the town boundaries.
1119:
form of government. It is led by an executive secretary and an elected
1000:
The Vanderhoop Homestead, looking towards the western-facing coastline.
687:
682:
Aquinnah's geography also lends itself to outdoor activities including
502:
488:
17:
1176:
1561:"1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts"
594:
625:
671:
Aquinnah is separated from the town of Chilmark by Menemsha Bight,
531:
In 1997, by popular vote of 79 to 21, the town changed its name to
1048:
995:
624:
584:
522:
299:
278:
573:, located in nearby West Tisbury, while others travel by car and
437:, United States. From 1870 to 1997, the town was incorporated as
1288:
2009. A Limited Edition with 281 illustrations by Rockwell Kent.
730:
1852:
34:"Gay Head" redirects here. For the 1891 sidewheel steamer, see
1461:
1826:
1264:
Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development
1962:
725:
483:
from the far North. They sided with the English settlers in
527:
Seal for the town under the name Gay Head, used until 1998.
400:
382:
1761:
1721:(Fifteenth ed.). New York: Hurst & Co. pp.
1242:"Aquinnah Sites Reveal 10,000 Years of Wampanoag History"
1175:
Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project - "Fun with words"
394:
362:
1718:
NARRATIVES AND ANECDOTES, AND A COPIOUS ANALYTICAL INDEX
1787:"Index of Legislative Representatives by City and Town"
1301:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
660:. Within viewing distance to the west is the chain of
656:, its only land border. To the south and west is the
601:
Protection of the cliffs is aggressively enforced by
409:
397:
391:
388:
712:
List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income
2030:
2003:
1973:
1912:
1080:On the state level, Aquinnah is represented in the
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589:Looking up at the clay cliffs from Moshup's Beach
2090:1669 establishments in the Province of New York
1157:Gay Head-Aquinnah Town Center Historic District
1115:Aquinnah is governed on the local level by the
1864:
1505:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
1479:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
1057:On the national level, Aquinnah is a part of
8:
1737:"City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023"
1401:"Tribe moves ahead with casino construction"
716:
2130:National Natural Landmarks in Massachusetts
1871:
1857:
1849:
1845:(Collection of photographs from the 1880s)
1457:"Historic Gay Head Lighthouse on the move"
1059:Massachusetts's 9th congressional district
1029:of any race were 1.16% of the population.
715:
45:
2105:Populated coastal places in Massachusetts
1259:"Aquinnah (previously known as Gay Head)"
512:and incorporated it in 1870 as Gay Head,
109:Location in Dukes County in Massachusetts
2100:Native American history of Massachusetts
686:at Lobsterville Beach and Dog Fish Bar,
1714:Drake, Samuel; Williams, H. L. (1880).
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1375:"Gay Head Lighthouse move is complete"
1137:Martha's Vineyard Regional High School
1082:Massachusetts House of Representatives
1399:Brennan, George (February 24, 2019).
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7:
2115:Towns in Dukes County, Massachusetts
2110:Populated places established in 1669
1096:(with the exception of the Towns of
1065:. The state's senior member of the
1021:, and 8.72% from two or more races.
652:in 1884. To the east is the town of
609:Though not officially designated a "
223:40.8 sq mi (105.6 km)
43:Town in Massachusetts, United States
1695:from the original on August 8, 2010
1570:from the original on August 5, 2010
1177:https://www.wlrp.org/fun-with-words
239:35.4 sq mi (91.7 km)
1879:Municipalities and communities of
1088:. The town is represented in the
982:* = population estimate. Source:
231:5.4 sq mi (13.9 km)
25:
1373:Sigelman, Nelson (June 3, 2015).
491:from small boats. The character
378:
103:
88:
73:
1686:"1870 Census of the Population"
1661:"1890 Census of the Population"
2095:Geography of Martha's Vineyard
429:located on the western end of
1:
2042:Wampanoag-Aquinnah trust land
1304:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
1363:. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
1360:Cradleboard Teaching Project
1267:. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
988:Population Estimates Program
195:April 13, 1870 (as Gay Head)
2125:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
1882:Dukes County, Massachusetts
1766:United States Census Bureau
1741:United States Census Bureau
1636:"1920 Census of Population"
1590:"1950 Census of Population"
1406:The Martha's Vineyard Times
1379:The Martha's Vineyard Times
642:United States Census Bureau
551:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
537:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
495:in Herman Melville's novel
450:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
29:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
2146:
1833:Wampanoag Official Webpage
1812:Station D-5, SP Oak Bluffs
1428:"Town of Aquinnah By-Laws"
1110:Massachusetts State Police
709:
458:New Bedford, Massachusetts
422:
33:
26:
2050:
1960:
1893:
1353:October 29, 2013, at the
981:
745:—
571:Martha's Vineyard Airport
268:81.3/sq mi (31.6/km)
114:
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84:
72:
67:
58:
1837:Aquinnah Music Festival
1319:Parker, Quentin (2010).
1073:. The junior Senator is
1061:, and is represented by
2085:Aquinnah, Massachusetts
1298:Gannett, Henry (1905).
1037:there were 84.9 males.
50:Aquinnah, Massachusetts
2120:Towns in Massachusetts
1967:
1616:Cite journal requires
1054:
1001:
637:
590:
549:In February 2019, the
528:
247:98 ft (30 m)
1966:
1827:Official town website
1793:on September 29, 2007
1762:"U.S. Census website"
1225:Year designated: 1965
1145:Nantucket High School
1052:
999:
717:Historical population
634:David Hunter Strother
632:(1860); Engraving by
628:
588:
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526:
501:is a Native American
460:in the 19th century.
291: • Summer (
134:41.33444°N 70.79583°W
2063:United States portal
2056:Massachusetts portal
1843:Souvenir of Gay Head
1831:History and Culture
1483:on February 12, 2020
1246:The Vineyard Gazette
1090:Massachusetts Senate
1067:United States Senate
984:United States Census
265: • Density
36:Gay Head (steamboat)
1541:on December 7, 2013
1240:Hufstader, Louisa.
718:
700:Gay Head Lighthouse
518:unusual place names
474:Algonquian language
139:41.33444; -70.79583
130: /
2033:Indian reservation
1968:
1509:on January 6, 2012
1121:board of selectmen
1055:
1053:Aquinnah town hall
1002:
638:
598:the cliffs above.
591:
565:over the project.
529:
257: • Total
236: • Water
220: • Total
2072:
2071:
1117:open town meeting
1094:Barnstable County
994:
993:
662:Elizabeth Islands
640:According to the
487:. They performed
485:King Philip's War
431:Martha's Vineyard
371:
370:
228: • Land
209:Open town meeting
205: • Type
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1997:
1995:Vineyard Haven
1992:
1987:
1981:
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1971:
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1961:
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115:Coordinates:
106:
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57:
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41:
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19:
1954:West Tisbury
1923:
1901:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1731:
1716:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1655:
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1630:
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1597:. Retrieved
1584:
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1543:. Retrieved
1536:the original
1523:
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1507:the original
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1471:
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1451:
1441:February 27,
1439:. Retrieved
1434:
1422:
1412:February 26,
1410:. Retrieved
1404:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
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1335:Boston Globe
1334:
1329:
1320:
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1125:
1114:
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986:records and
706:Demographics
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548:
541:
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192:Incorporated
40:
1897:County seat
1771:January 31,
1437:. June 1988
1348:"Wampanoag"
1278:"Moby-Dick"
1194:November 7,
1019:other races
666:Nomans Land
363:aquinnah-ma
137: /
2079:Categories
1944:Oak Bluffs
1384:August 12,
1163:References
1141:Oak Bluffs
1045:Government
710:See also:
611:nude beach
350:feature ID
252:Population
200:Government
125:70°47′45″W
2017:Cuttyhunk
1934:Edgartown
1904:Edgartown
1797:March 19,
1219:March 22,
1131:Education
1075:Ed Markey
1013:, 36.63%
702:in 2015.
621:Geography
533:Aquinnah,
503:harpooner
498:Moby-Dick
470:Wampanoag
454:Nantucket
443:Wampanoag
419:Wampanoag
338:FIPS code
322:Area code
274:Time zone
244:Elevation
122:41°20′4″N
2022:Menemsha
2008:villages
1929:Chilmark
1924:Aquinnah
1699:July 12,
1693:Archived
1670:July 12,
1645:July 12,
1599:July 12,
1574:July 12,
1568:Archived
1545:July 12,
1513:July 12,
1351:Archived
1151:See also
1106:Falmouth
1102:Sandwich
1086:Falmouth
1023:Hispanic
1009:, 0.29%
654:Chilmark
630:Gay Head
559:Chilmark
510:Chilmark
493:Tashtego
481:ice floe
439:Gay Head
433:island,
374:Aquinnah
342:25-01585
311:ZIP code
1949:Tisbury
1939:Gosnold
1746:May 19,
1214:nps.gov
1005:53.49%
688:surfing
489:whaling
464:History
425:) is a
423:Âhqunah
358:Website
353:0618289
304:Eastern
283:Eastern
184:Settled
151:Country
53:Âhqunah
18:Gayhead
1104:, and
1098:Bourne
1027:Latino
966:+41.2%
940:+71.1%
914:+86.4%
901:+14.6%
888:+17.0%
875:−30.7%
862:−21.1%
849:+11.8%
836:−11.1%
810:+24.5%
797:−13.7%
771:−52.9%
758:+70.0%
595:sachem
456:, and
173:County
2006:Other
1915:Towns
1689:(PDF)
1664:(PDF)
1639:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1564:(PDF)
1539:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1431:(PDF)
1007:White
990:data.
977:+1.6%
971:2023*
953:−9.6%
927:−8.6%
823:−6.4%
784:+0.6%
575:ferry
555:tribe
315:02535
300:UTC-4
279:UTC-5
178:Dukes
161:State
1976:CDPs
1799:2007
1773:2008
1748:2024
1701:2011
1672:2011
1647:2011
1622:help
1601:2011
1576:2011
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855:1940
842:1930
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803:1900
790:1890
777:1880
764:1870
751:1820
738:1800
726:Pop.
722:Year
668:.
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427:town
412:KWIN
365:.gov
348:GNIS
215:Area
187:1669
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61:Town
1462:CNN
1306:135
1069:is
1025:or
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885:103
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833:144
820:162
807:173
794:139
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768:160
755:340
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331:774
327:508
293:DST
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