Wampanoag - Knowledge (XXG)

46: 1350:(founded in 1649) to Christianize the natives. They bought land for the Gay Head natives who had lived there since before 1642. There was considerable dispute about how the land should be cultivated, as the colony had leased the better sections to the whites at low interest. The original goal of creating an undisturbed center for missionary work was quickly forgotten. The state finally created a reservation on a peninsula on the western point of Martha's Vineyard and named it Gay Head. This region was connected to the main island by an isthmus; it enabled the isolation desired by the Wampanoag. In 1849 they had 2,400 acres (9.7 km) there, of which 500 acres were distributed among the tribe members. The rest was communal property. In contrast to the other reservation groups, the tribe had no guardian or headman. When they needed advice on legal questions, they asked the guardian of the Chappaquiddick Reservation, but other matters they handled themselves. The band used 1405:

1790, 1834, 1870, and 1970, or at any time between 1666 and 1970." In his opinion, an Indian tribe was "an entity composed of persons of American Indian descent, which entity possesses distinct political, legal, cultural attributes, which attributes have descended directly from aboriginal precursors." Without accounting for cultural change, adaptation, and the effects of non-Indian society, Hutchins argued the Mashpee were not an Indian tribe historically because they adopted Christianity and non-Indian forms of dress and appearance, and chose to remain in Massachusetts as "second-class" citizens rather than emigrating westward (note: to Indian Territory) to "resume tribal existence." Hutchins also noted that they intermarried with non-Indians to create a "non-white" or "colored" community. Hutchins appeared to require unchanged culture, including maintenance of a traditional religion and essentially total social autonomy from non-Indian society."

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missionaries, who wanted to establish patriarchal family and societal structures among them. Women had control of property, and inheritance and descent passed through their line, including hereditary leadership for men. Wampanoag women on Martha's Vineyard were the spiritual leaders of their households. In general, English ministers agreed that it was preferable for women to subvert the patriarchal model and assume a dominant spiritual role than it was for their husbands to remain unconverted. Experience Mayhew asked, "How can those Wives answer it unto God who do not Use their utmost Endeavors to Perswade and oblige their husbands to maintain Prayer in their families?" In some cases, Wampanoag women converts accepted changed gender roles under colonial custom, while others practiced their traditional roles of shared power as Christians.

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to try to control white encroachment on the reservation; some stole wood from its forests. A large region, once rich in wood, fish, and game, it was considered highly desirable by the whites. With competition between whites and the Wampanoag, conflicts were more frequent than for more isolated native settlements elsewhere in the state. In 1870, each member of the Mashpee tribe over the age of 18 was granted 60 acres of land for private ownership, effectively dismantling the thousands of acres of common tribal lands, and by 1871, non-Mashpee land ownership of the choicest portions of land purchased from impoverished Mashpee, leading to significant loss of Mashpee land ownership.

1291:. In 1660, the colonists allotted the natives about 50 square miles (130 km) there, and beginning in 1665 they had self-government, adopting an English-style court of law and trials. Mashpee sachems Wepquish and Tookenchosin declared in 1665 that this land would not be able to be sold to non-Mashpee without the unanimous consent of the tribe, writing "We freely give these lands forementioned unto the South Sea Indians and their children forever: and not to be sold or given away from them by anyone without all their consents thereunto." 1324:. The Chappaquiddick Reservation was part of a small island of the same name and was located on the eastern point of that island. As the result of the sale of land in 1789, the natives lost valuable areas, and the remaining land was distributed among the Indian residents in 1810. In 1823 the laws were changed, in order to hinder those trying to get rid of the natives and to implement a visible beginning of a civic organization. Around 1849, they owned 692 acres (2.80 km) of infertile land, and many of the residents moved to nearby 1375: 1072: 1477:. This first powwow was held at the New Light Baptist Church, at the time called Pondville Church, in Pondville, Massachusetts. The Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was established in 1972 under the leadership of its first president, Russell "Fast Turtle" Peters. In 1974 the Council petitioned the Bureau of Indian Affairs for recognition. In 1976 the tribe sued the Town of Mashpee for the return of ancestral homelands. The case was lost but the tribe continued to pursue federal recognition for three decades. 417: 1434: 1303:, the state revoked the Wampanoag ability to self-govern, considering it a failure. It appointed a supervisory committee consisting of five European-American members, with no Wampanoag. In 1834, the state returned a certain degree of self-government to the First Nations People, and although the First Nations People were far from autonomous, they continued in this manner. To support assimilation, in 1842 the state violated the 875: 142: 737:" (maize, climbing beans, and squash) as the staples of their diet, supplemented by fish and game caught by the men. Each community had authority over a well-defined territory from which the people derived their livelihood through a seasonal round of fishing, planting, harvesting, and hunting. Southern New England was populated by various tribes, so hunting grounds had strictly defined boundaries. 837:. Neal Salisbury and Colin G. Calloway suggest that New England Indian communities suffered from gender imbalances at this time due to premature male deaths, especially due to warfare and their work in the hazardous trades of whaling and shipping. They posit that many Wampanoag women married outside their linguistic groups, making it difficult for them to maintain the various Wampanoag dialects. 633: 435: 1034: 1481:

casino lobbying efforts. Marshall was succeeded by tribal council vice- chair Shawn Hendricks. He held the position until Marshall pleaded guilty in 2009 to federal charges of embezzling, wire fraud, mail fraud, tax evasion and election finance law violations. He steered tens of thousands of dollars in illegal campaign contributions to politicians through the tribe's hired lobbyist

1030:. Eliot and his colleagues hoped that the Indians would adopt practices such as monogamous marriage, agriculture, and jurisprudence. The high levels of epidemics among the Indians may have motivated some conversions. Salisbury suggests that the survivors suffered a type of spiritual crisis because their medical and religious leaders had been unable to prevent the epidemic losses. 995: 1651:. The Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs lists several Wampanoag heritage groups under "Native American Resource Information," but the Commission itself lacks the authority to formally recognize any group claiming to be Native American, as state recognition is beyond the scope of the Commission outlined in Executive Order 126 and Massachusetts General Laws. 4189: 1098:

the further expansion of colonial settlements. The Wampanoag numbered only 1,000, and Philip began to visit other tribes to build alliances among those who also wanted to push out the colonists. At that time, the population colonists in southern New England was already more than double that of the Indians, at 35,000 to 15,000. In 1671, Philip was called to

800: 1631:, an Aquinnah Wampanoag tribal historian and potter, served as the President of the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head from 1978 to 1987. The Aquinnah Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head won federal recognition from the United States government during her tenure. Under Widdis, the Aquinnah Wampanoag also acquired the Herring Creek, the 1498:

of tribe members who tried to investigate. A challenge to Cromwell's election by defeated candidates following allegations of tampering with voting and enrollment records was filed with the Tribal Court, and Cromwell's administration has been hampered by a series of protest by Elders over casino-related finances.

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socio-political, economic, and spiritual roles in their communities. Wampanoag men were mainly responsible for hunting and fishing, while women took care of farming and gathering wild fruits, nuts, berries, and shellfish. Women were responsible for up to 75 percent of all food production in Wampanoag societies.

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when it illegally allocated plots from 2,000 acres (8.1 km) of their communal 13,000 acres (53 km), to be distributed in 60-acre (240,000 m) parcels to each household for subsistence farming, although New England communities were adopting other types of economies. The state passed laws

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to the position of council chair and president. Cromwell ran a campaign based on reforms and distancing himself from the previous chairmen, even though he had served as a councilor for the prior six years during which the Marshall and Abramoff scandals took place – including voting for the shunning

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At the outbreak of the war, many Indians offered to fight with the colonists against King Philip and his allies, serving as warriors, scouts, advisers, and spies. Mistrust and hostility eventually caused the colonists to discontinue Indian assistance, even though they were invaluable in the war. The

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In 2000 the Mashpee Wampanoag council was headed by chairman Glenn Marshall. Marshall led the group until 2007 when it was disclosed that he had a prior conviction for rape, had lied about having a military record and was under investigation associated for improprieties associated with the tribe's

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was named Philip. After his father's death, Alexander became the sachem of the Wampanoag. The colonists invited him to Plymouth to talk, but Wamsutta became seriously ill on the way home and died shortly after. The Wampanoag were told that he died of fever, but many Indians thought that he had been

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The Mashpee Wampanoag tribal offices are located in Mashpee on Cape Cod. After decades of legal disputes, the Mashpee Wampanoag obtained provisional recognition as an Indian tribe from the Bureau of Indian Affairs in April 2006, and official Federal recognition in February 2007. Tribal members own

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Under Philip's leadership, the relationship changed dramatically between the Wampanoag and the colonists. Philip believed that the ever-increasing colonists would eventually take over everything — not only land, but also their culture, their way of life, and their religion — so he decided to limit

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were noted for a great deal of sharing and mixing between Wampanoag and colonial ways of life. Wampanoag converts often continued their traditional practices in dress, hairstyle, and governance. The Martha's Vineyard converts were not required to attend church and they often maintained traditional

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presided over a number of other sachems. The colonists often referred to him as "king", but the position of a sachem differed in many ways from a king. They were selected by women elders and were bound to consult their own councilors within their tribe, as well as any of the "petty sachems" in the

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Sassamon was found dead under the ice of Assawompsett Pond a week later. A Christian Indian accused three Wampanoag warriors of his murder. The colonists took the three captive and hanged them in June 1675 after a trial by a jury of 12 colonists and six Christian Indians. This execution, combined

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Individual towns and regions had differing expectations for Indian conversions. In most of Eliot's mainland praying towns, religious converts were also expected to follow colonial laws and manners and to adopt the material trappings of colonial life. Eliot and other ministers relied on praise and

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pursuing their Indian gaming-related interests. Ring was subsequently convicted on corruption charges linked to his work for the Mashpee band. Tribal elders who had sought access to the tribal council records detailing the council's involvement in this scandal via a complaint filed in Barnstable

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Some genealogy experts testified that some of the tribes did not demonstrate the required continuity since historic times. For instance, in his testimony to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the historian Francis Hutchins said that the Mashpee "were not an Indian tribe in the years 1666, 1680, 1763,

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said that "it seems to be a Truth with respect to our Indians, so far as my knowledge of them extend, that there have been, and are a greater number of their Women appearing pious than of the men among them" in his text "Indian Converts". The frequency of female conversion created a problem for

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title, meaning that members had no legal claim to their land and allowed the tribal members free rein over their choice of land, as well as over cultivation and building, in order to make their ownership clear. They did not allow whites to settle on their land. They made strict laws regulating

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presented a provision established by a representative of the community named Quatchatisset establishing that the allotment would " for ever not to be sold or given or alienated from them or any part of these lands." Property deeds in 1671 recorded this area known as the Mashpee Plantation as

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has been debated in the United States. Many American Indians and historians argue against the romanticized story of the Wampanoag celebrating together with the colonists. Some say that there is no documentation of such an event. One primary account of the 1621 event was written by a firsthand

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as the name of the tribe whose leaders (the Massasoit Ousemequin until 1661, his son Wamsutta from 1661 to 1662, and Metacomet from 1662 to 1676) led the Wampanoag confederation at the time the English began settling southeastern New England. The Pokanoket were based at Sowams, near where

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The production of food among the Wampanoag was similar to that of many American Indian societies, and food habits were divided along gender lines. Men and women had specific tasks. Women played an active role in many of the stages of food production and processing, so they had important

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A project titled "Massachusetts Native Peoples and the Social Contract: A Reassessment for Our Times" began in 2015 to serve as an updated report on the cultural, linguistic, and economic state of Wampanoag peoples, including those from federally and non-federally recognized tribes.

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The Aquinnah Wampanoag are led by tribal council chair Cheryl Andrews-Maltais, who was elected to the post in November 2007. In 2010, Andrews-Maltais put forward plans for the development of an Aquinnah reservation casino, which was met with opposition by state and local officials.

1257:, Wamesit, Punkapoag, and Hassanamesit, four of the original 14 praying towns. These were the only ones to be resettled after the war. Overall, approximately 5,000 Indians (40 percent of their population) and 2,500 colonists (5 percent) were killed in King Philip's War. 1335:. In 1849 the reservation still consisted of 390 acres (1.6 km), of which all but 10 were distributed among the residents. The land, kept under community ownership, yielded very few crops and the tribe members left it to get paying jobs in the cities. Wampanoag 1617:, which is located on Martha's Vineyard. Their reservation consists of 485 acres (1.96 km) and is located on the outermost southwest part of the island. In 1972, Aquinnah Wampanoag descendants formed the Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc., to achieve 782:

was practiced among the Wampanoag, although monogamy was the norm. Some elite men could take several wives for political or social reasons, and multiple wives were a symbol of wealth. Women were the producers and distributors of corn and other food products.

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In November 2011, the Massachusetts legislature passed a law to license up to three sites for gaming resort casinos and one for a slot machine parlor. The Wampanoag are given a "headstart" to develop plans for a casino in southeastern part of the state.

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The war turned against Philip in the spring of 1676, following a winter of hunger and deprivation. The colonial troops set out after Canonchet and took him captive. After a firing squad executed him, colonists quartered his corpse and sent his head to

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region. They were also responsible for arranging trade privileges, as well as protecting their allies in exchange for material tribute. Both women and men could hold the position of sachem, and women were sometimes chosen over close male relatives.

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Prior to English contact in the 17th century, the Wampanoag numbered as many as 40,000 people living across 67 villages composing the Wampanoag Nation. These villages covered the territory along the east coast as far as Wessagusset (today called

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in Rhode Island. Colonial forces attacked in August, killing and capturing 173 Wampanoags. Philip barely escaped capture, but his wife and their nine-year-old son were captured and put on a ship at Plymouth. They were then sold as slaves in the

1102:, where he listened to the accusations of the colonists and signed an agreement that required the Wampanoag to give up their firearms. To be on the safe side, he did not take part in the subsequent dinner. His men never delivered their weapons. 1485:, who was convicted of numerous charges in a much larger scheme. Following the arrests of Abramoff and Marshall, the newly recognized Mashpee Tribe led by new chair Shawn Hendricks, continued to work with Abramoff lobbyist colleague 1240:

suffered similar rates of losses, and many small tribes in southern New England were finished. In addition, many Wampanoag were sold into slavery. Male captives were generally sold to slave traders and transported to the West Indies,

1552:, who is working as a lobbyist to represent the casino project. Both Kerry and Delahunt received campaign contributions from the Wampanoag Tribe in transactions authorized by Glenn Marshall as part of the Abramoff lobbying scandal. 3370: 297:

epidemic carried by rodents arriving in European ships dramatically reduced the population of the Wampanoag and neighboring tribes. Indigenous deaths from the epidemic facilitated the European invasion and colonization of the

733:. The men often traveled far north and south along the Eastern seaboard for seasonal fishing expeditions, and sometimes stayed in those distant locations for weeks and months at a time. The women cultivated varieties of the " 928:) that flourished in New England, as well as how to catch and process fish and collect seafood. They enabled the Pilgrims to survive their first winters, and Squanto lived with them and acted as a middleman between them and 45: 1679:

Some groups have submitted letters of intent to petition for federal acknowledgment, but none have actively petitioned for federal acknowledgment. Unrecognized groups who identify as being of Wampanoag descent include:

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The exception to relocation was the coastal islands' Wampanoag groups, who had stayed neutral through the war. The colonists forced the Wampanoag of the mainland to resettle with the Saconnet (Sekonnet), or with the

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needs. Oral traditions, ceremonies, song and dance, social gatherings, and hunting and fishing remain important traditional ways of life to the Wampanoag. In 2015, the federal government declared 150 acres of land in

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consists of more than 1,400 enrolled members who must meet defined membership requirements including lineage, community involvement and reside within 20 miles of Mashpee. Since 1924 they have held an annual

1533:. It contains a general prohibition against gaming on lands acquired into trust after October 17, 1988. The tribe's attempts to gain approvals have been met with legal and government approval challenges. 3451: 847:

in 1993. They have taught some children, who have become the first speakers of Wôpanâak in more than a century. The project is training teachers to reach more children and to develop a curriculum for a

756:. Men acted in most of the political roles for relations with other bands and tribes, as well as warfare. Women passed plots of land to their female descendants, regardless of their marital status. 408:

in Bristol, Rhode Island became the political center from which Metacomet began King Philip's War, the first intertribal war of Native American resistance to English settlement in North America.

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membership in the tribe. As a result, they were able to strengthen the groups' ties to each other, and they did not lose their tribal identity until long after other groups had lost theirs.

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gave up their neutrality after the colonists attacked one of their fortified villages. The Narragansetts lost more than 600 people and 20 sachems in the battle which became known as the "

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unattested words. For this project she was awarded a $ 500,000.00 grant from the Macarthur Fellows in 2010. She has also produced a grammar, collections of stories, and other books.

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Massasoit was among those Indians who adopted colonial customs. He asked the legislators in Plymouth near the end of his life to give both of his sons English names. The older son

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with rumors that the colonists wanted to capture Philip, was a catalyst for war. Philip called a council of war on Mount Hope. Most Wampanoag wanted to follow him, except the

3519: 2270: 956:, introduced by rat reservoirs on European ships. The groups most devastated by the illness were those who had traded heavily with the French and the disease was likely a 1253:. The colonists used the women and children as slaves or indentured servants in New England, depending on the colony. Massachusetts resettled the remaining Wampanoags in 5344: 1201: 5354: 5349: 5078: 3429: 1515: 745: 204: 5359: 3128: 5043: 4780: 3448: 310:(1675–1676) against the colonists. The war resulted in the death of 40 percent of the surviving Wampanoag. The English sold many Wampanoag men into slavery in 3316:

Mashpee Wampanoag elders gather outside tribal headquarters yesterday, seeking information about the tribe's finances since Chairman Cedric Cromwell took over

4990: 1977: 5132: 4731: 2025: 380:'s 1614 map, which was the earliest European representation of the Wampanoag territory. The Wampanoag translate this word to "People of the First Light." 1189:

is an account of her months of captivity by the Wampanoag during King Philip's War in which she expressed shock at the cruelties from Christian Indians.

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and had served as a scribe, interpreter, and counselor to Philip and the Wampanoag. But, a week before his death, Sassamon reported to Plymouth governor

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With the death of Metacomet and most of their leaders, the Wampanoags were nearly exterminated; only about 400 survived the war. The Narragansetts and

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some land, as well as land held in common by Wampanoag descendants at both Chapaquddick and Christiantown. Descendants have also purchased land in

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Contacts between the Wampanoag and colonists began in the 16th century when European merchant vessels and fishing boats traveled along the coast of

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There are no state recognized Wampanoag tribes in Massachusetts, as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has only one state recognized tribe, the

1602: 1398: 819: 239: 1179:, in part to protect the " praying Indians" from vigilantes, but also as a precautionary measure to prevent rebellion and sedition from them. 404:, developed and on the peninsula where Bristol, Rhode Island, arose after King Philip's War. The Seat of Metacomet, or King Philip's seat, at 4998: 4913: 4365: 4100: 4034: 3148: 200: 4173:: A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by Taylor J. Kirsch 1002:

After 1632, the Plymouth Colony was outnumbered by the growing Puritans settlements around Boston. The colonists expanded westward into the

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as an interpreter, then made his way back to his homeland in 1619, only to discover that the entire Patuxet tribe had died in an epidemic.

3545: 3292: 3273: 778:(1603–1683) said that "single fornication they count no sin, but after Marriage... they count it heinous for either of them to be false." 329:

Today, Wampanoag people continue to live in historical homelands and maintain central aspects of their culture while adapting to changing

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Despite this, several unrecognized heritage groups have been represented as state recognized in unofficial directories and publications.

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defeated the Narragansetts in a war with support from the colonists, and they became the dominant tribe in southern New England.

3753:"Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe of Plymouth receives a $ 100,000 operating support grant from the Nellie Mae Education Foundation" 5198: 5183: 1708: 1208:". Their leader Canonchet was able to flee and led a large group of Narragansett warriors west to join King Philip's warriors. 354:

currently has 901 enrolled citizens. Early 21st-century population estimates indicated a total of 4,500 Wampanoag descendants.

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For a much more detailed examination of John Sassamon, his murder, and its effects on King Philip's War, see Jill Lepore's

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The Wampanoag people were semi-sedentary (that is, partially nomadic), with seasonal movements between sites in southern

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Faith and Boundaries: Colonists, Christianity, and Community Among the Wampanoag Indians of Martha's Vineyard, 1600–1871

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and other Puritan missionaries sought to convert local tribes to Christianity, and those that converted settled in 14

925: 830:, which he taught to the Wampanoag. Many became literate, using Wampanoag for letters, deeds, and historic documents. 734: 669: 351: 51: 3777: 752:; when a young couple married, they lived with the woman's family. Women elders could approve selection of chiefs or 445: 3976:

Bragdon, Kathleen. "Gender as a Social Category in Native Southern New England". American Society for Ethnohistory,

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Massasoit became gravely ill in the winter of 1623, but he was nursed back to health by the colonists. In 1632, the

5027: 4794: 4787: 4773: 4766: 4318: 4242: 1300: 1167:. The united tribes in southern New England attacked 52 of 90 colonial settlements and partially burned them down. 650: 456: 20: 4089:

Salwen, Bert (1978). "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island: Early Period". In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.).

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first recorded it in 1676 to describe the alliance of tribes who fought against the English in King Philip's War.

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Collins-Hughes, Laura (September 28, 2010). "'Genius grant' a boost to linguist as she revives native language".

1220: 917: 910: 853: 676: 600: 3662: 2365:"Saving a Language: A rare book in MIT's archives helps linguists revive a long-unused Native American language" 2097:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" 1374: 1071: 924:, and Tisquantum and other Wampanoag taught them how to cultivate the varieties of corn, squash, and beans (the 5364: 5173: 5122: 4923: 4864: 4843: 4648: 3709: 1971: 1714: 1676:

identify as Wampanoag. The Massachusetts' Commission on Indian Affairs works with some of these organizations.

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rewards for those who conformed, rather than punishing those who did not. The Christian Indian settlements of

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was murdered. Sassamon was a Christian Indian raised in Natick, one of the praying towns. He was educated at

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Marr JS, Cathey JT. "New hypothesis for cause of an epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616–1619"

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consisting of around 55 square miles of land. The area was integrated into the district of Mashpee in 1763.

1023: 921: 840: 823: 804: 748:, in which women owned property, and hereditary status was passed through the maternal line. They were also 347: 343: 263: 234: 683: 5241: 3517:

Mark Arsenault, "Developers start to jockey for casino sites/Early groundwork laid in Springfield, Palmer"

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INDIGENOUS LAND OWNERSHIP IN 17TH CENTURY MISSION COMMUNITIES: A SURVIVAL STORY FROM SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND

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reversed that decision. A federal judge blocked that action and the federal government appealed, but the

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initial contact between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag was recorded as beginning in the Spring of 1621.

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Title page of the first Bible printed in the United States, translated in the Massachusett language by

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Christiantown was originally a praying town on the northwest side of Martha's Vineyard, northwest of

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Herring Pond Tribe is a historical Wampanoag Tribe located in Plymouth and Bourne, Massachusetts

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Pokanoket (after Metacomet's rebellion known as "Annawon's People" or the Seaconke Wampanoags)

346:’s initial reservation, on which the Tribe can exercise its full tribal sovereignty rights. The 2861:

Experience Mayhew, sermon, "Family Religion Excited and Assisted", 1714–28, quoted from Plane,

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Nellie Hicks Ramos v. Patricia Keliinui, 2009 Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Election Committee Chair

3091: 2730: 2613: 2577:, vol. 15., 1978. (Bruce G. Trigger, ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 171f 2469: 2437: 2397: 1250: 1228:. On August 12, 1676, colonial troops surrounded Philip's camp, and soon shot and killed him. 1059: 133: 3387: 3129:"Envisioning the Future by Revisiting the Past: Massachusetts Tribes Make Their Voices Heard" 897:. Captain Thomas Hunt captured several Wampanoag in 1614 and sold them in Spain as slaves. A 5283: 5153: 4565: 4487: 4385: 4290: 4221: 4045: 3981: 3345: 2720: 2712: 2317: 2198: 1944: 1490:

Municipal Court were shunned by the council and banned them from the tribe for seven years.

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From Massachusetts, the war spread to other parts of New England. The Kennebec, Pigwacket (

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poisoned. The following year, his brother Philip (Metacom) became sachem of the Wampanoag.

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introduced by contact with Europeans. However, a 2010 study suggests that the epidemic was

5203: 5088: 4527: 4502: 4425: 4330: 4177:

The History of Martha's Vineyard, Dukes County, Massachusetts, in three volumes, Volume I.

3586: 3541: 3523: 3455: 3436: 3412: 3394: 3368:

Pocasset Mashpee Wampanoags at odds over which tribe should get casino license for Taunton

3299: 3280: 3261: 3238: 3152: 1928: 1914: 1850: 1841: 1837: 1632: 1494: 1379: 1180: 1118: 882: 381: 129: 3603: 3579: 1137:

and the small groups on the offshore islands. Allies included the Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, some

2701:"New hypothesis for cause of an epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616–1619" 2683: 1447:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1163:, and laid siege to the town. Five days later, they destroyed it completely, leading to 1033: 5272: 5267: 4980: 4975: 4350: 3903: 2725: 2606:"The Church in New England Indian Community Life: A View from the Islands and Cape Cod" 1664:

List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes § Massachusetts

1628: 1336: 1122: 775: 771: 690: 405: 330: 146: 3802: 3727: 1948:

was an 1884 shipwreck where a group of Wampanoag risked their lives to save passengers

1668:

List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes § Rhode Island

5303: 5208: 4850: 4537: 4512: 4355: 4340: 3960: 3374: 2517:

See Bragdon, Kathleen, "Gender as a Social Category in Native Southern New England,"

1893: 1877: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1486: 1482: 1176: 1114: 1027: 961: 953: 774:

was accepted, although the Wampanoag expected fidelity within unions after marriage.

622: 377: 294: 208: 122: 79: 4040:

Ronda, James P. "Generations of Faith: The Christian Indians of Martha's Vineyard."

2835:

Ronda, James P. "Generations of Faith: The Christian Indians of Martha's Vineyard",

1219:

During the summer months, Philip escaped from his pursuers and went to a hideout on

4970: 4857: 4690: 4662: 4634: 4522: 4517: 4465: 4410: 4400: 4258: 3878: 3405: 2214: 1752: 1648: 1536:

The Wampanoag Tribe's plan as of 2011 had agreement for financing by the Malaysian

1506:, upon which the tribe under Glenn A. Marshall's leadership had lobbied to build a 1316:

On Martha's Vineyard in the 18th and 19th centuries, there were three reservations—

1145:

from farther north. The Narragansett remained neutral at the beginning of the war.

965: 575: 287: 212: 141: 118: 83: 3853: 1926:

Wampanoag history from 1621 to King Philip's War is depicted in the first part of

948:

The Wampanoag suffered from an epidemic between 1616 and 1619, long thought to be

4000: 3954: 3085: 2391: 1613:

translates as "land under the hill". They are the only Wampanoag tribe to have a

5218: 4808: 4759: 4555: 4492: 4460: 2066: 1225: 1079: 894: 827: 741: 730: 632: 434: 315: 2990:

Chapter: Indians of Southern New England and Long Island, late period, pp. 178.

2700: 2190: 4390: 2473: 2418: 1593: 1541: 1058:

The Wampanoag women were more likely to convert to Christianity than the men.

994: 902: 749: 3622: 2240:"Wampanoag | Definition, History, Government, Food, & Facts | Britannica" 2239: 4560: 4550: 4497: 4380: 4324: 4170: 3047: 2311: 1951: 1919: 1861: 1855: 1831: 1193: 1138: 969: 930: 392: 271: 220: 4135: 3449:"Former Congressman Bill Delahunt to Represent the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe" 2734: 2716: 2202: 4188: 1346:

The third reservation on Martha's Vineyard was constructed in 1711 by the

4477: 4470: 3026: 2165: 1910: 1897: 1889: 1883: 1564: 1351: 1340: 1321: 1288: 1246: 1200:

from Maine joined in the war against the colonists. The Narragansetts of

1134: 1110: 1086: 949: 784: 779: 556: 267: 2929:

See Mary Rowlandson, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, pp. 75 and 98.

1892:

of the Pocasset, a woman who supported Metacom and drowned crossing the

1870:

or Metacomet, Massasoit's second son, also called Philip, who initiated

799: 4375: 4370: 4123:

Mayhew, Experience. "Family Religion Excited and Assisted" (1714–1728).

4057: 2329: 2321: 2271:"Mashpee High School Offers First-Ever Native American Language Course" 1867: 1242: 1237: 1142: 1106: 1090: 1011: 906: 898: 878: 657: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 311: 303: 145:

Block's map of his 1614 voyage, with the first appearance of the term "

55: 4126:

Mayhew, Experience. "Indian Converts" (1727). (U. Mass. Press edition

4065:

Introduction to The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson

3993: 964:

has estimated population losses to be as high as 90 percent among the

4507: 4176: 2883: 2685:

Mourt's Relation: A Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, 1622, Part I

2292:"'Genius grant' a boost to linguist as she revives a native language" 1625:

recognized the tribe in 1987. The tribe has 1,121 enrolled citizens.

1507: 1470: 1272: 1254: 1130: 1007: 935: 764: 753: 126: 4200: 4049: 3546:"Wampanoag, who helped Pilgrims survive, win rights to tribal lands" 3501:

Associated Press, "Massachusetts: Casino Bill Passes in Both Houses"

3327: 1563:

gives the Mashpee Wampanoag "substantial control" over 320 acres on

1328:, so that they could practice a trade and obtain some civil rights. 3985: 3942:

Petition for Federal Acknowledgment of Existence as an Indian Tribe

2393:

Dictionary of American-Indian Place and Proper Names in New England

4532: 4482: 4205: 2310:

Fermino, Jessie Little Doe (Jessie Little Doe Christobal) (2000).

2051:

Salwen, "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island," p. 171.

1592: 1373: 1070: 1032: 993: 886: 873: 763:

The Wampanoag were organized into a confederation in which a head

415: 140: 3274:

Fed letter demands 8 pages of tribe's letters to Abramoff, others

3087:

Readings in American Indian Law: Recalling the Rhythm of Survival

2573:"Indians of Southern New England and Long Island, early period," 1826:

Note: Contemporary people are listed under their specific tribes.

3964:

2009. A Limited Edition with 281 illustrations by Rockwell Kent.

3406:"City ends deal to sell land for Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe casino" 788: 4231: 4227: 3928: 3179:"Herring Pond Wampanoag asking for six acres in South Plymouth" 2612:. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts. pp. 278–279. 2419:"Our Beloved Kin: Remapping A New History of King Philip's War" 2371:. No. May/June 2008. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 975:

Since the late 20th century, the event celebrated as the first

357:

Wampanoag activists have been reviving the Wampanoag language;

350:

tribe currently has approximately 3,200 enrolled citizens. The

4079:

Reinterpreting New England Indians and the Colonial Experience

3623:"Gladys Widdiss Dies at 97, Was Widely Respected Tribal Elder" 2610:

Reinterpreting New England Indians and the Colonial Experience

1693:, South Yarmouth, MA (Letter of Intent to Petition 05/21/2007) 1427: 626: 428: 4095:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 160–176. 991:, but the colonists helped the Wampanoag to drive them back. 184: 169: 1711:, Great Falls, MA. (Letter of Intent to Petition 1/23/1995) 1514:, but their territorial rights have been challenged by the 290:). The Wampanoag lived on this land for over 12,000 years. 178: 2766:"PRIMARY SOURCES FOR "THE FIRST THANKSGIVING" AT PLYMOUTH" 2590:. (Originally published 1643, cited from Woloch, N., ed., 2316:(Master's thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1674:

organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes

1293:

An Indian Deed relating to the Petition of Reuben Cognehew

810:

The Wampanoag originally spoke Wôpanâak, a dialect of the

4215: 4002:

Colonial Intimacies: Indian Marriage in Early New England

3200:"WampaGate – Glenn Marshall: There is still much to tell" 2495:

Colonial Intimacies: Indian Marriage in Early New England

2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 1997:"Massachusetts: 2010; Population and Housing Unit Counts" 1171:

Massachusetts government moved many Christian Indians to

187: 4210: 2639: 1045:, the oldest Indian church building in the United States 833:

The rapid decline of Wampanoag speakers began after the

3710:"MA General Laws Part I Title II Chapter 6A Section 8A" 2497:. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), 2000: 20, 61. 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 1717:, Warwick, RI (Letter of Intent to Petition 10/29/1998) 1540:

and has the political support of Massachusetts Senator

1159:

On June 20, 1675, some Wampanoag attacked colonists in

843:, a member of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, founded the 4157:

Tapenum's Day: A Wampanoag Indian Boy in Pilgrim Times

4092:

Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast, Vol. 15

4010:

Rowlandson, Mary White (1997). Salisbury, Neal (ed.).

2592:

Early American Women: A Documentary History, 1600–1900

1913:

was a fictional Wampanoag harpooneer from Gay Head in

1125:

that Philip was planning a war against the colonists.

1089:

was given the name Alexander, and his younger brother

3146:

Final Determination for Federal Acknowledgment Report

3090:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 40. 787:

and conjugal unions were not as important as ties of

509:

Lakeville, Middleborough and Taunton, Massachusetts

215:. Their historical territory includes the islands of 181: 166: 3685:"No. 126: Massachusetts Native Americans | Mass.gov" 1765:

mainland 2,000 (after the epidemics); islands 3,000

1366:

in 1763; the last Nantucket Wampanoag died in 1855.

1339:

tells that Christiantown was wiped out in 1888 by a

822:

was a 1663 translation into Wampanoag by missionary

517:

Assonet Neck, Assonet-Freetown, Greater New Bedford

175: 5255: 5217: 5146: 5108: 5101: 5071: 4989: 4896: 4885: 4700: 4589: 4580: 4448: 4309: 4276: 4265: 3330:, Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Court, January 17, 2012. 1702:

Massachuset-Ponkapoag Tribal Council, Holliston, MA

1597:

Amos Hoskins, an Aquinnah Wampanoag Whaling Captain

302:. More than 50 years later, Wampanoag Chief Sachem 172: 163: 112: 102: 89: 73: 63: 50:Cheryl Andrews-Maltais (right), Chairperson of the 36: 3485:"Former MA Congressman to Lobby for Tribal Casino" 3070: 3068: 2938:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 37. 2920:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 23. 1896:during King Philip's War; one of her husbands was 1864:, the sachem who befriended the Mayflower pilgrims 1705:Nova Scotia Wampanoag Council, Clark's Harbour, NS 1525:But Indian gaming operations are regulated by the 270:and the islands of Natocket and Noepe (now called 3904:"Massachuset-Ponkapoag Tribal Council, Inc., The" 3647:Cheryl Andrews-Maltais elected Wampanoag chairman 2947:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 1. 2608:. In Calloway, Colin G.; Salisbury, Neal (eds.). 1886:, Massasoit's oldest son, also known as Alexander 395:. The earliest colonial records and reports used 5325:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands 2560:Salisbury, Neal. Introduction, Mary Rowlandson, 2330:"Jessie Little Doe Baird – MacArthur Foundation" 1516:Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe of the Pokanoket Nation 746:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands 3155:, Bureau for Indian Affairs, February 15, 2007. 2640:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project homepage. 1397:has about 3,200 enrolled citizens in 2023. The 1362:were almost completely destroyed by an unknown 391:referred to one of the Wampanoag tribes as the 4144:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 3604:Aquinnah Wampanoag tribal membership committee 1287:set aside in Massachusetts, and is located on 1055:cultural practices, such as mourning rituals. 860:began a course in 2018 teaching the language. 361:began a course in 2018 teaching the language. 4781:Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular 4243: 4224:, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 4085:. Boston: University of Virginia Press, 1993. 4077:Salisbury, Neal, and Colin G. Calloway, eds. 2095:Bureau of Indian Affairs (January 28, 2022). 1849:, the first American Indian to graduate from 8: 2465:History of Swansea, Massachusetts, 1667–1917 2290:Collins-Hughes, Laura (September 28, 2010). 1978:State recognized tribes in the United States 1401:had 1,364 enrolled tribal citizens in 2019. 31: 4006:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 3833:"List of Petitioners by State (as of 2013)" 3679: 3677: 3675: 3341:"Mashpee Wampanoag win federal recognition" 3255:Cape tribe feels heat from lobbyist scandal 2047: 2045: 1571:had put the land in federal trust, but the 463:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 278:), and southeast as far as Pokanocket (now 5105: 4893: 4586: 4273: 4250: 4236: 4228: 4222:Listening to Wampanoag Voices: Beyond 1620 4022:. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1982. 3473:"Wampanoag federal campaign contributions" 2755:, (Oxford University Press), 1982, p. 105. 2390:Douglas-Lithgow, Robert Alexander (1909). 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2061: 2059: 2057: 44: 30: 4406:National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation 3111:"Testimony of Historian Francis Hutchins" 3006:National Conference of State Legislatures 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2724: 2564:. Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 1997, p. 11. 2434:Encyclopedia of the North American Indian 1493:In 2009 the tribe elected council member 717:Learn how and when to remove this message 483:Learn how and when to remove this message 5345:Native American history of Massachusetts 4732:Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals 4074:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. 3430:"Sen. Kerry to support tribe land trust" 2006:. US Department of Commerce. August 2012 1725: 1684:Assawompsett-Nemasket Band of Wampanoags 1561:United States Department of the Interior 798: 494: 5355:Native American tribes in Massachusetts 5350:Native American history of Rhode Island 3854:"Petitions in Process | Indian Affairs" 3167:, Bureau of Indian Affairs, filed 2007. 3127:Portalewska, Agnes (December 9, 2015). 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2396:. Salem, MA: Salem Press. p. 198. 1988: 1967:Native American tribes in Massachusetts 1548:, and former Massachusetts Congressman 1006:. In 1638, they destroyed the powerful 16:Native American tribes in Massachusetts 5360:Native American tribes in Rhode Island 4206:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 3165:Mashpee Wampanoag Enrollment Ordinance 3115:Mashpee Wampanoag Final Determination, 3052:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 2666: 2664: 2662: 2219:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 2197:Centers for Disease Control, 2010 Feb 2089: 2087: 1962:List of early settlers of Rhode Island 1834:, 17th-century female Nantucket sachem 1603:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 1583:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 1520:organization not recognized as a tribe 1399:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 1216:, where it was set on public display. 589:, and parts of Seekonk, Massachusetts 240:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 4211:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project 3879:"Petitions Resolved | Indian Affairs" 3827: 3825: 3823: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3318:, Cape Cod Times, September 24, 2009. 3264:, Cape Cod Times, September 11, 2008. 3002:"Federal and State Recognized Tribes" 2955: 2953: 2741:from the original on 30 January 2010. 2594:(New York: McGraw-Hill), 1997, p. 8). 2262: 2260: 1900:, a brother to King Phillip (Metacom) 1858:, 17th-century sachem of the Pocasset 1413:Federally recognized Wampanoag tribes 845:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project 7: 4120:. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), 1998. 2699:Marr JS, Cathey JT (February 2010). 2313:An introduction to Wampanoag grammar 1510:. The tribe has moved its plans to 655:adding citations to reliable sources 461:adding citations to reliable sources 74:Regions with significant populations 4656:Over the River and Through the Wood 4012:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God 3663:"Aquinnah pitch island casino plan" 3386:National Indian Gaming Commission, 3377:, Enterprise Press, April 18, 2012. 3216:"Former Wampanoag leader sentenced" 2988:Handbook of North American Indians. 2562:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God 2507:Handbook of North American Indians. 2363:Mifflin, Jeffrey (April 22, 2008). 1821:Notable historical Wampanoag people 1779:mainland (after King Philip's War) 1186:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God 585:East Bay of Rhode Island including 4816:Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap 4725:Bozo, Gar and Ray: WGN TV Classics 4396:National Thanksgiving Proclamation 3944:, Federal Register, April 6, 1995. 3293:"Cedric Cromwell elected chairman" 3283:, Cape Cod Today, October 9, 2007. 2575:Handbook of North American Indians 772:Pre-marital sexual experimentation 420:Map of Wampanoag territory c. 1620 14: 4929:Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree 4155:Waters, Kate, and Kendall, Russ. 4083:Colonial Society of Massachusetts 4081:. Vol. 71 of Publications of the 3621:Méras., Phyllis (June 15, 2012). 3177:Mand, Frank (September 5, 2018). 1527:National Indian Gaming Commission 108:Indigenous religion, Christianity 69:2,756 (2010 census), 3,841 (2023) 5268:Pumpkin chucking / Pumpkin shoot 4919:Thanksgiving television specials 4718:The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw 4684:We Plough the Fields and Scatter 4187: 2462:Wright, Otis Olney, ed. (1917). 1615:formal land-in-trust reservation 1559:A December 2021 ruling from the 1432: 987:attacked Massasoit's village in 820:first Bible published in America 631: 433: 226:Today, two Wampanoag tribes are 207:currently based in southeastern 159: 5128:Boston English vs. Boston Latin 3929:"Nova Scotia Wampanoag Council" 2521:43:4, 1996, p. 576, and Plane, 2468:. Town of Swansea. p. 18. 1709:Pocasset Wampanoag Indian Tribe 642:needs additional citations for 256:Southern New England Algonquian 4872:A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving 4739:Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet 4621:Come, Ye Thankful People, Come 4159:. New York: Scholastic, 1996. 4067:. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. 2067:"Massachusett (Wôpanâôtuwâôk)" 1749:mainland 3,600; islands 3,000 1691:Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe 1312:Wampanoag on Martha's Vineyard 412:Wampanoag groups and locations 211:and formerly parts of eastern 1: 3807:Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2837:William and Mary Quarterly 38 2275:mashpeewampanoagtribe-nsn.gov 2195:Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1905:Representation in other media 1621:and federal recognition. The 5227:Berwick Run for the Diamonds 5199:Rady Children's Invitational 4961:Native American Heritage Day 4904:Christmas and holiday season 4746:A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving 3594:. Retrieved: 14 August 2012. 3591:Cradleboard Teaching Project 2705:Emerging Infectious Diseases 2604:Silverman, David J. (2003). 1697:Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe 1531:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 1504:Middleborough, Massachusetts 1473:at the beginning of July in 1105:Philip gradually gained the 1010:Confederation. In 1643, the 5184:Continental Tire Main Event 4628:For the Beauty of the Earth 3435:September 13, 2010, at the 3393:September 28, 2011, at the 3298:September 29, 2011, at the 3151:September 21, 2012, at the 2907:Salisbury, Introduction to 2436:. Scholastic. p. 193. 1957:Federally recognized tribes 1589:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head 352:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head 52:Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah 5381: 4788:The Mouse on the Mayflower 4774:Intergalactic Thanksgiving 4136:Indian Converts Collection 4042:William and Mary Quarterly 4029:. New York: W. W. Norton. 3522:November 20, 2011, at the 1687:Assonet Band of Wampanoags 1661: 1586: 1421: 1301:American Revolutionary War 1275:into the praying towns in 1152: 1076:Philip, King of Mount Hope 1018:Conversion to Christianity 867: 620: 574:Eastern Massachusetts, on 21:Wampanoag (disambiguation) 18: 4956:National Day of Listening 4823:Star Wars Holiday Special 4642:Let All Things Now Living 3728:"State Recognized Tribes" 3585:October 29, 2013, at the 3279:November 4, 2008, at the 3027:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe" 2848:Quoted from James Ronda, 2166:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe" 1840:, first person killed in 1544:, Massachusetts Governor 1441:This section needs to be 601:Fall River, Massachusetts 338:and 170 acres of land in 117: 107: 94: 78: 68: 43: 5340:Nantucket, Massachusetts 5174:ESPN Events Invitational 5133:Missouri Turkey Day Game 5123:CFL Thanksgiving Classic 5079:National Day of Mourning 4865:A Very Gaga Thanksgiving 4844:The Thanksgiving Special 4649:Now Thank We All Our God 4014:. Boston: Bedford Books. 3411:October 7, 2011, at the 2134:"Who are the Wampanoag?" 1972:Old Indian Meeting House 1715:Seaconke Wampanoag Tribe 1658:Cultural heritage groups 1623:Bureau of Indian Affairs 1389:Wampanoag tribes and no 1311: 1039:Old Indian Meeting House 1004:Connecticut River Valley 610:Plymouth & Cape Cod 324:colonists in New England 300:Massachusetts Bay Colony 5278:Turkey Night Grand Prix 5118:NFL on Thanksgiving Day 4966:Small Business Saturday 4795:Oprah's Favorite Things 4767:Garfield's Thanksgiving 4614:Bringing In the Sheaves 4336:Plymouth, Massachusetts 4201:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 4025:Leach, Douglas Edward. 3651:Martha's Vineyard Times 3454:March 17, 2011, at the 2811:Manitou and Providence, 2682:Morton, George (1622). 2170:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 2138:Plimoth Patuxet Museums 1643:State-recognized tribes 1607:Aquinnah, Massachusetts 1466:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 1424:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 1418:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 1395:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 1232:Consequences of the war 1067:Metacomet (King Philip) 998:Seal of Plymouth Colony 841:Jessie Little Doe Baird 814:, which belongs to the 344:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 235:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe 5242:Feaster Five Road Race 5189:Las Vegas Invitational 4802:Saints & Strangers 4072:Manitou and Providence 4027:Flintlock and Tomahawk 4020:Manitou and Providence 3260:July 27, 2013, at the 3237:July 25, 2013, at the 2753:Manitou and Providence 2717:10.3201/eid1602.090276 2671:Die Welt der Indianer. 2432:Ciment, James (1996). 2203:10.3201/edi1602.090276 1847:Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck 1598: 1512:Taunton, Massachusetts 1393:Wampanoag tribes. The 1382: 1378:Wampanoag educator at 1161:Swansea, Massachusetts 1100:Taunton, Massachusetts 1082: 1046: 1043:Mashpee, Massachusetts 999: 890: 807: 506:Assawompsett Nemasket 421: 376:, first documented on 372:probably derives from 266:), all of what is now 205:Northeastern Woodlands 201:Native American people 150: 95:English, historically 5159:Acrisure Invitational 5052:Celebrate the Season 4939:National Adoption Day 4934:World's Largest Disco 4711:Bart vs. Thanksgiving 4670:The Thanksgiving Song 4196:at Wikimedia Commons 3544:(December 31, 2021). 3388:"Indian Land Options" 3373:January 22, 2013, at 3189:on September 5, 2018. 3084:Carrillo, Jo (1998). 2850:Generations of Faith, 1932:, a 2009 documentary. 1662:Further information: 1605:are headquartered in 1596: 1385:Today, there are two 1377: 1214:Hartford, Connecticut 1074: 1036: 997: 877: 812:Massachusett language 802: 621:Further information: 537:Chappaquiddick Island 522:Gay Head or Aquinnah 419: 320:plantations and farms 306:and his allies waged 293:From 1615 to 1619, a 144: 113:Related ethnic groups 5315:Algonquian ethnonyms 5247:Manchester Road Race 5044:6abc-Dunkin' Donuts 5028:Hollywood Christmas 5022:(Kitchener-Waterloo) 4914:Thanksgiving in film 4837:Thanksgiving Orphans 4753:A Doonesbury Special 4543:Green bean casserole 3653:, November 21, 2007. 3460:Indian Country News, 3439:, September 8, 2010. 2863:Colonial Intimacies, 2824:Colonial Intimacies, 2798:Colonial Intimacies, 2778:on December 24, 2012 2549:Colonial Intimacies, 2536:Colonial Intimacies, 2523:Colonial Intimacies, 1579:dropped the appeal. 1577:Biden administration 1573:Trump administration 1569:Obama administration 1387:federally recognized 1320:, Christiantown and 1261:18th to 20th century 1206:Great Swamp Massacre 958:virgin soil epidemic 816:Algonquian languages 795:Language and revival 740:The Wampanoag had a 651:improve this article 587:Warren, Rhode Island 457:improve this section 402:Warren, Rhode Island 228:federally recognized 19:For other uses, see 5232:Buffalo Turkey Trot 5060:America's Hometown 4456:Thanksgiving dinner 4286:Samuel de Champlain 3999:Plane, Anne Marie. 3980:43:4. Autumn 1996. 3540:Hedgpeth, Danawork= 3507:, November 16, 2021 3471:CampaignMoney.com, 3419:, January 19, 2011. 3349:. February 15, 2007 3232:"Marshall Timeline" 2655:. pp. A1, A14. 2588:Narrangansett Women 2493:Plane, Anne Marie. 2215:"Wampanoag History" 2172:. November 20, 2023 1529:established by the 1348:New England Company 1148: 1041:" built in 1684 in 885:learn to cultivate 858:Mashpee High School 835:American Revolution 744:system, like other 359:Mashpee High School 33: 5320:Algonquian peoples 5237:Dallas Turkey Trot 5179:Fort Myers Tip-Off 5164:Ball Dawgs Classic 5138:Turkey Day Classic 5084:Unthanksgiving Day 4949:Cyber Black Friday 4677:We Gather Together 4600:Alice's Restaurant 4421:Blackout Wednesday 4416:Sarah Josepha Hale 4216:Plimoth Plantation 4140:Silverman, David. 3732:www.500nations.com 3489:Casino Suite News, 2244:www.britannica.com 1880:, early translator 1619:self-determination 1599: 1383: 1305:Nonintercourse Act 1299:In 1788 after the 1285:Indian reservation 1083: 1047: 1000: 891: 883:Plymouth colonists 808: 422: 248:Wampanoag language 151: 134:Algonquian peoples 5335:Martha's Vineyard 5330:King Philip's War 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5263:National Dog Show 5194:Maui Invitational 5169:Battle 4 Atlantis 5097: 5096: 4909:Harvest festivals 4881: 4880: 4576: 4575: 4432:Freedom from Want 4192:Media related to 4102:978-0-1600-4575-2 4070:Salisbury, Neal. 4063:Salisbury, Neal. 4035:978-0-393-00340-6 4018:Salisbury, Neal. 3627:www.mvgazette.com 3530:November 18, 2011 3306:February 2, 2009. 3245:, August 25, 2007 3133:Cultural Survival 2884:Wampanoag History 2751:Salisbury, Neal. 2586:Williams, Roger. 2369:Technology Review 1872:King Philip's War 1818: 1817: 1782:general estimate 1462: 1461: 1358:The Wampanoag on 1277:Barnstable County 1251:Iberian Peninsula 1165:King Philip's War 1155:King Philip's War 1149:King Philip's War 1060:Experience Mayhew 1052:Martha's Vineyard 727: 726: 719: 701: 614: 613: 527:Martha's Vineyard 525:Western point of 493: 492: 485: 308:King Philip's War 276:Martha's Vineyard 217:Martha's Vineyard 195:), also rendered 139: 138: 5372: 5154:Acrisure Classic 5106: 5063: 5055: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5002: 4924:Winter festivals 4894: 4607:Bless This House 4587: 4488:Butternut squash 4439:Mourt's Relation 4366:Native Americans 4346:William Bradford 4291:Martin Frobisher 4274: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4229: 4218:, living history 4191: 4106: 4015: 3965: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3829: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3803:"Indian Affairs" 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3681: 3670: 3660: 3654: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3618: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3577: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3537: 3531: 3514: 3508: 3498: 3492: 3482: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3446: 3440: 3426: 3420: 3403: 3397: 3384: 3378: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3346:The Boston Globe 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3290: 3284: 3271: 3265: 3252: 3246: 3229: 3223: 3213: 3207: 3206:August 26, 2007. 3197: 3191: 3190: 3185:. 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Archived from 2770: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2728: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2679: 2673: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2653:The Boston Globe 2648: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2601: 2595: 2584: 2578: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2552: 2545: 2539: 2532: 2526: 2515: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2459: 2448: 2447: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2360: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2334:www.macfound.org 2325: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2264: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2211: 2205: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2162: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2130: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2101:Federal Register 2091: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2063: 2052: 2049: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2030: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2001: 1993: 1945:City of Columbus 1726: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1391:state-recognized 1360:Nantucket Island 941:Mourt's Relation 934:, the Wampanoag 870:Wampanoag treaty 826:. He created an 722: 715: 711: 708: 702: 700: 659: 635: 627: 547:Nantucket Island 495: 488: 481: 477: 474: 468: 437: 429: 250:, also known as 194: 193: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 171: 168: 165: 64:Total population 48: 34: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5365:Plymouth Colony 5300: 5299: 5298: 5289: 5251: 5213: 5204:SoCal Challenge 5142: 5093: 5089:Buy Nothing Day 5067: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5038:(New York City) 5037: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5000: 4985: 4890: 4888: 4877: 4696: 4583: 4572: 4513:Mashed potatoes 4503:Cranberry sauce 4444: 4426:Abraham Lincoln 4331:Plymouth Colony 4305: 4270: 4268: 4261: 4256: 4185: 4118:The Name of War 4113: 4111:Further reading 4103: 4088: 4050:10.2307/1921953 4009: 3973: 3968: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3778:"Tribes | NCAI" 3776: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3683: 3682: 3673: 3669:, June 9, 2010. 3661: 3657: 3645: 3641: 3631: 3629: 3620: 3619: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3587:Wayback Machine 3578: 3574: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3542:Washington Post 3539: 3538: 3534: 3524:Wayback Machine 3515: 3511: 3499: 3495: 3491:March 11, 2011. 3483: 3479: 3470: 3466: 3462:March 12, 2011. 3456:Wayback Machine 3447: 3443: 3437:Wayback Machine 3427: 3423: 3413:Wayback Machine 3404: 3400: 3395:Wayback Machine 3385: 3381: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3304:Cape Cod Times, 3300:Wayback Machine 3291: 3287: 3281:Wayback Machine 3272: 3268: 3262:Wayback Machine 3253: 3249: 3239:Wayback Machine 3230: 3226: 3214: 3210: 3204:Cape Cod Times, 3198: 3194: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3153:Wayback Machine 3144: 3140: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3083: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3000:Saenz, Martha. 2999: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2975: 2968:www.govinfo.gov 2963: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2915: 2906: 2902: 2896:The Name of War 2893: 2889: 2882: 2869: 2860: 2856: 2847: 2843: 2839:, 1981, p. 378. 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2660: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2585: 2581: 2572: 2568: 2559: 2555: 2546: 2542: 2533: 2529: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2501: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2461: 2460: 2451: 2444: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2372: 2362: 2361: 2350: 2338: 2336: 2328: 2309: 2300: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2278: 2277:. February 2018 2269: 2265: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2132: 2131: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2107:(FR 7554): 4636 2094: 2092: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2055: 2050: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1939: 1929:We Shall Remain 1915:Herman Melville 1907: 1851:Harvard College 1842:Boston Massacre 1838:Crispus Attucks 1823: 1724: 1670: 1660: 1645: 1633:Gay Head Cliffs 1591: 1585: 1495:Cedric Cromwell 1458: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1420: 1415: 1380:Plimoth Patuxet 1372: 1314: 1283:is the largest 1268: 1263: 1234: 1181:Mary Rowlandson 1157: 1151: 1119:Harvard College 1069: 1020: 872: 866: 797: 723: 712: 706: 703: 660: 658: 648: 636: 625: 619: 533:Chappaquiddick 501:Area inhabited 489: 478: 472: 469: 454: 438: 427: 414: 382:Increase Mather 367: 162: 158: 59: 39: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5378: 5376: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 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