1097:
691:) gecko would be capable of supporting a weight of 133 kilograms (293 pounds): each spatula could exert an adhesive force of 5 to 25 nN. The exact value of the adhesion force of a spatula varies with the surface energy of the substrate to which it adheres. Recent studies have moreover shown that the component of the surface energy derived from long-range forces, such as van der Waals forces, depends on the material's structure below the outermost atomic layers (up to 100 nm beneath the surface); taking that into account, the adhesive strength can be inferred.
1112:
2346:
material independence, (5) self-cleaning, (6) antiself sticking and (7) nonsticky default state. ... The gecko's adhesive structures are made from ß-keratin (modulus of elasticity 2 GPa). Such a stiff material is not inherently sticky; however, because of the gecko adhesive's hierarchical nature and extremely small distal features (spatulae are 200 nm in size), the gecko's foot is able to intimately conform to the surface and generate significant attraction using
159:
662:, but this is a misnomer, and is properly called digital hyperextension. Gecko toes can hyperextend in the opposite direction from human fingers and toes. This allows them to overcome the van der Waals force by peeling their toes off surfaces from the tips inward. In essence, by this peeling action, the gecko separates spatula by spatula from the surface, so for each spatula separation, only some force necessary. (The process is similar to removing
1156:
1446:
139:
601:
809:
655:
a very large dipole moment) on the setae, as well as on the surface, increase the surface energy of both, therefore the energy gain in getting these surfaces in contact is enlarged, which results in an increased gecko adhesion force. Moreover, the elastic properties of the b-keratin change with water uptake.
421:
that increased in size into different types, both single and double. Three different photo-pigments have been retained, and are sensitive to ultraviolet, blue, and green. They also use a multifocal optical system that allows them to generate a sharp image for at least two different depths. While most
1492:
with multiple transitions among them over evolutionary time. Madagascar day geckos engage in a mating ritual in which sexually mature males produce a waxy substance from pores on the back of their legs. Males approach females with a head swaying motion along with rapid tongue flicking in the female.
680:. Human hair varies from 18 to 180 μm, so the cross-sectional area of a human hair is equivalent to 12 to 1300 setae. Each seta is in turn tipped with between 100 and 1,000 spatulae. Each spatula is 0.2 μm long (one five-millionth of a metre), or just below the wavelength of visible light.
654:
Gecko adhesion is typically improved by higher humidity, even on hydrophobic surfaces, yet is reduced under conditions of complete immersion in water. The role of water in that system is under discussion, yet recent experiments agree that the presence of molecular water layers (water molecules carry
2345:
Gecko "feet and toes are a hierarchical system of complex structures consisting of lamellae, setae, and spatulae. The distinguishing characteristics of the gecko adhesion system have been described (1) anisotropic attachment, (2) high pulloff force to preload ratio, (3) low detachment force, (4)
581:
shed at about two- to four-week intervals. The presence of moisture aids in the shedding. When shedding begins, the gecko speeds the process by detaching the loose skin from its body and eating it. For young geckos, shedding occurs more frequently, once a week, but when they are fully grown, they
425:
Many species are well known for their specialised toe pads, which enable them to grab and climb onto smooth and vertical surfaces, and even cross indoor ceilings with ease. Geckos are well known to people who live in warm regions of the world, where several species make their home inside human
563:
3307:
Watson, Gregory S.; Green, David W.; Schwarzkopf, Lin; Li, Xin; Cribb, Bronwen W.; Myhra, Sverre; Watson, Jolanta A. (2015). "A gecko skin micro/Nano structure – A low adhesion, superhydrophobic, anti-wetting, self-cleaning, biocompatible, antibacterial surface".
643:
as it would to a living-room wall, although adhesion varies with humidity. However, a 2014 study suggests that gecko adhesion is in fact mainly determined by electrostatic interaction (caused by contact electrification), not van der Waals or capillary forces.
554:, producing very little metabolic heat. Essentially, a gecko's body temperature is dependent on its environment. Also, to accomplish their main functions; such as locomotion, feeding, reproduction, etc., geckos must have a relatively elevated temperature.
738:, and the unique design of the hair confers a profound antimicrobial action. These protuberances are very small, up to 4 microns in length, and tapering to a point. Gecko skin has been observed to have an anti-bacterial property, killing
2499:
We have demonstrated that it is the CE-driven electrostatic interactions which dictate the strength of gecko adhesion, and not the van der Waals or capillary forces which are conventionally considered as the main source of gecko
3202:
Russell, A.P.; Baskerville, J.; Gamble, T.; Higham, T. (November 2015). "The evolution of digit form in
Gonatodes (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae) and its bearing on the transition from frictional to adhesive contact in gekkotans".
1278:, the tropical house gecko, Afro-American house gecko, or cosmopolitan house gecko, is a species of house gecko native to sub-Saharan Africa and also currently found in North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean.
1351:
is a genus of arboreal geckos from
Southeast Asia also known as flying or parachute geckos; they have wing-like flaps from the neck to the upper leg to help them conceal themselves on trees and provide lift while
568:
567:
564:
616:. Such pads have been gained and lost repeatedly over the course of gecko evolution. Adhesive toepads evolved independently in about eleven different gecko lineages, and were lost in at least nine lineages.
569:
725:
could produce reusable self-cleaning dry adhesives with many applications. Development effort is being put into these technologies, but manufacturing synthetic setae is not a trivial material design task.
676:
Use of small van der Waals force requires very large surface areas; every square millimetre of a gecko's footpad contains about 14,000 hair-like setae. Each seta has a diameter of 5
3061:
Loskill, P.; Haehl, H.; Grandthyll, S.; Faidt, T.; Mueller, F.; Jacobs, K. (November 2012). "Is adhesion superficial? Silicon wafers as a model system to study van der Waals interactions".
566:
734:
Gecko skin does not generally bear scales, but appears at a macro scale as a papillose surface, which is made from hair-like protuberances developed across the entire body. These confer
363:, and some other species are capable of making hissing noises when alarmed or threatened. They are the most species-rich group of lizards, with about 1,500 different species worldwide.
2610:
Xu, Quan; Wan, Yiyang; Hu, Travis Shihao; Liu, Tony X.; Tao, Dashuai; Niewiarowski, Peter H.; Tian, Yu; Liu, Yue; Dai, Liming; Yang, Yanqing; Xia, Zhenhai (20 November 2015).
1779:
702:; fatty substances produced naturally in their bodies, also come into play. These lipids lubricate the setae and allow the gecko to detach its foot before the next step.
1220:), the stump-toed gecko, is able to vary its color from very light to very dark to camouflage itself; this gecko is at home in the wild, as well as in residential areas.
3555:
2890:
2700:
2523:
1834:"Reappraising the evolutionary history of the largest known gecko, the presumably extinct Hoplodactylus delcourti, via high-throughput sequencing of archival DNA"
1137:
from the Early
Cretaceous of Mongolia is also usually placed as a close relative of geckos. The oldest known fossils of modern geckos are from the mid-Cretaceous
1599:
459:
4958:
1125:
Several species of lizard from the Late
Jurassic have been considered early relatives of geckos, the most prominent and most well supported being the arboreal
2758:
Chen, B.; Gao, H. (2010). "An alternative explanation of the effect of humidity in gecko adhesion: stiffness reduction enhances adhesion on a rough surface".
2420:
Prowse, M.S.; Wilkinson, Matt; Puthoff, Jonathan B.; Mayer, George; Autumn, Kellar (2011). "Effects of humidity on the mechanical properties of gecko setae".
5019:
3686:
705:
The origin of gecko adhesion likely started as simple modifications to the epidermis on the underside of the toes. This was recently discovered in the genus
1512:
is essential for obligate parthenogenesis in these geckos. Appropriate segregation during meiosis to form viable progeny is facilitated by the formation of
781:, and able to replace each of their 100 teeth every 3 to 4 months. Next to the full grown tooth there is a small replacement tooth developing from the
4316:
1832:
Heinicke, Matthew P.; Nielsen, Stuart V.; Bauer, Aaron M.; Kelly, Ryan; Geneva, Anthony J.; Daza, Juan D.; Keating, Shannon E.; Gamble, Tony (2023-06-19).
1988:
2986:
3895:"Cretaceous fossil gecko hand reveals a strikingly modern scansorial morphology: Qualitative and biometric analysis of an amber-preserved lizard hand"
3173:
3063:
2126:
1656:
2884:
Autumn, Kellar; Sitti, M.; Liang, Y.A.; Peattie, A.M.; Hansen, W.R.; Sponberg, S.; Kenny, T.W.; Fearing, R.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Full, R.J. (2002).
565:
4945:
1810:
1485:
4103:
390:, species without eyelids generally lick their own brilles when they need to clear them of dust and dirt, in order to keep them clean and moist.
3118:
2806:
2463:
669:
Geckos' toes operate well below their full attractive capabilities most of the time, because the margin for error is great depending upon the
5024:
4078:
3114:"Direct evidence of phospholipids in gecko footprints and spatula-substrate contact interface detected using surface-sensitive spectroscopy"
4030:"Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) reveals an extraordinary number of transitions among gecko sex-determining systems"
2332:
2044:
796:; they are fused (ankylosed) by their sides to the inner surface of the jaw bones. This formation is common in all species in the order
1918:
1629:
878:, also referred to as blind lizards, have occasionally been counted as gekkotans, but recent molecular phylogenies suggest otherwise.
635:
lamellae / setae / spatulae structures and the surface. These van der Waals interactions involve no fluids; in theory, a boot made of
3443:"Phylogenetic relationships among gekkotan lizards inferred from c-mos nuclear DNA sequences and a new classification of the Gekkota"
4168:
3868:
3828:
3366:
2122:
1771:
1535:"A new gecko (Squamata, Gekkota) from the Eocene of Geiseltal (Germany) implies long-term persistence of European Sphaerodactylidae"
3165:"On the origin of frictional adhesion in geckos: small morphological changes lead to a major biomechanical transition in the genus
2089:
422:
gecko species are nocturnal, some species are diurnal and active during the day, which have evolved multiple times independently.
4175:
3382:
2760:
2581:
2307:
2280:
5029:
4309:
3008:
Lee, Haeshin; Lee, Bruce P.; Messersmith, Phillip B. (2007). "A reversible wet / dry adhesive inspired by mussels and geckos".
2376:
3713:"Molecular Phylogenetics of Squamata: The Position of Snakes, Amphisbaenians, and Dibamids, and the Root of the Squamate Tree"
3505:
3753:
3354:
4950:
4252:
4274:
3527:
2953:
3754:"The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes"
2186:
1999:
371:
3250:"High quality bioreplication of intricate nanostructures from a fragile Gecko skin surface with bactericidal properties"
1368:
4893:
1436:
1096:
769:, which it can lay against the tree during the day, scattering shadows, and making its outline practically invisible.
640:
1591:
765:
and moss found on the bark. It also has flaps of skin, running the length of its body, head and limbs, known as the
458:, is only known from a single, stuffed specimen probably collected in the 19th century found in the basement of the
4302:
2148:
1384:, the New Caledonian giant gecko, was first described by Cuvier in 1829; it is the largest living species of gecko.
1304:, is originally an East Asian and Pacific species; it is equally at home in the wild and residential neighborhoods.
3690:
1422:; their most distinguishing characteristics are their pointed heads, spiked skin, and tails resembling those of a
4963:
4184:. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 631. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2010.
1944:
1285:
1159:
647:
The setae on the feet of geckos are also self-cleaning, and usually remove any clogging dirt within a few steps.
158:
5014:
3858:"A 100 million year old gecko with sophisticated adhesive toe pads, preserved in amber from Myanmar (abstract)"
1980:
1380:
782:
651:(PTFE), which has very low surface energy, is more difficult for geckos to adhere to than many other surfaces.
4007:
3577:
Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Colli, G.R.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Vitt, L.J.; Simons, A.M. (February 2011).
3112:
Hsu, P.Y.; Ge, L.; Li, X.; Stark, A.Y.; Wesdemiotis, C.; Niewiarowski, P.H.; Dhinojwala, A. (24 August 2011).
3793:"An exceptionally preserved Jurassic skink suggests lizard diversification preceded fragmentation of Pangaea"
3248:
Green, DW; Lee, KK; Watson, JA; Kim, HY; Yoon, KS; Kim, EJ; Lee, JM; Watson, GS; Jung, HS (25 January 2017).
2976:
1204:, is the most common gecko kept as a pet; it does not have adhesive toe pads and cannot climb the glass of a
486:, is a mere 16 millimetres (0.63 inches) long, and was discovered in 2001 on a small island off the coast of
2013:
Siti Zaleha Mat Diah; Rosli Hashim; Yong Hoi Sen; Daicus
Belabut; Syuhadah Dzarawi N.; Lim Boo Liat (2010).
1949:
1390:
1301:
1186:
1111:
648:
628:
483:
2114:
4846:
2696:"Evidence for capillarity contributions to gecko adhesion from single spatula nanomechanical measurements"
1376:), the crested gecko, was believed extinct until rediscovered in 1994, and is gaining popularity as a pet.
739:
31:
1147:), around 100 million years old, which have adhesive pads on the feet similar to those of living geckos.
4981:
3205:
2616:
1534:
1508:
in three different obligate parthenogenetic complexes of geckos. An extra premeiotic endoreplication of
1398:
4489:
2669:
1802:
3626:
Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (June 27, 2012).
3402:"Identification of putative dental epithelial stem cells in a lizard with life-long tooth replacement"
1728:
Roth, Lina S. V.; Lundström, Linda; Kelber, Almut; Kröger, Ronald H. H.; Unsbo, Peter (1 March 2009).
4973:
4919:
4201:
3906:
3804:
3639:
3263:
3019:
2899:
2769:
2709:
2625:
2532:
2226:
2213:
Gamble, Tony; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R.; Russell, Anthony P.; Bauer, Aaron M. (27 June 2012).
1845:
1549:
1500:
as a reproductive system has evolved multiple times in the family
Gekkonidae. It has been shown that
1477:
1274:
1267:
577:
All geckos shed their skin at fairly regular intervals, with species differing in timing and method.
454:
344:
3849:
2981:
2347:
1513:
1328:
1318:
1170:
735:
510:
146:
4070:
2115:"Thermoregulation in Reptiles with Special Reference to the Tuatara and Its Ecophysiology Tuatara"
4139:
3820:
3547:
3497:
3310:
3254:
3230:
3094:
3068:
3043:
2857:
2422:
2324:
1573:
1289:
1259:
1249:
514:
153:
2612:"Robust self-cleaning and micromanipulation capabilities of gecko spatulae and their bio-mimics"
1910:
1252:, thrives around people and human habitation structures in the tropics and subtropics worldwide.
757:, most being greyish brown to black, or greenish brown, with various markings meant to resemble
4986:
4906:
4420:
4229:
4164:
4131:
4123:
4051:
3981:
3973:
3952:"Gecko Adhesion in Space and Time: A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Scansorial Success Story"
3932:
3773:
3734:
3667:
3608:
3423:
3362:
3358:
3327:
3289:
3222:
3145:
3086:
3035:
2927:
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2737:
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2439:
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2302:
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1914:
1879:
1861:
1753:
1734:
1710:
1691:
1625:
1565:
1407:
1403:
1314:
1262:, is found in houses throughout the tropics, and has become an invasive species of concern in
1127:
1102:
1004:
868:
746:
677:
670:
624:
525:
298:
2802:"Macroscale adhesion of gecko setae reflects nanoscale differences in subsurface composition"
2800:
Loskill, P.; Puthoff, J.; Wilkinson, M.; Mecke, K.; Jacobs, K.; Autumn, K. (September 2012).
2014:
1964:
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3413:
3319:
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3027:
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2727:
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2472:
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1700:
1665:
1557:
1340:
1026:
927:
856:
832:
506:
293:
261:
2851:
Russell, A.P. (1975). "A contribution to the functional analysis of the foot of the Tokay,
1155:
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4770:
4737:
4680:
4400:
1906:
1497:
1481:
1212:
905:
838:
722:
711:
from South
America. Simple elaborations of the epidermal spinules into setae have enabled
636:
613:
591:
434:
266:
3792:
1394:, the dwarf gecko, is native to the Caribbean Islands; it is the world's smallest lizard.
4269:
4205:
3910:
3857:
3808:
3643:
3267:
3023:
2903:
2773:
2713:
2694:
Huber, G.; Mantz, H.; Spolenak, R.; Mecke, K.; Jacobs, K.; Gorb, S.N.; Arzt, E. (2005).
2629:
2569:
Setae occur in uniform arrays on overlapping lamellar pads at a density of 14,400 per mm
2536:
2230:
1874:
1849:
1833:
1553:
808:
4810:
4747:
4717:
4660:
4635:
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4224:
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3627:
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3578:
3284:
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3113:
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2828:
2801:
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2611:
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2214:
2067:
1899:
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659:
521:
383:
379:
238:
4028:
Gamble, Tony; Coryell, J.; Ezaz, T.; Lynch, J.; Scantlebury, D.; Zarkower, D. (2015).
3383:"Mechanism of Tooth Replacement in Leopard Geckos – Developmental Biology Interactive"
2922:
2885:
2555:
2518:
2301:
Santos, Daniel; Spenko, Matthew; Parness, Aaron; Sangbae, Kim; Cutkosky, Mark (2007).
1445:
138:
5003:
4884:
4765:
4755:
4722:
4709:
4685:
4650:
4640:
4577:
4572:
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4405:
4143:
3853:
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3543:
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3459:
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3386:
3347:
2589:
2272:
1577:
1361:
1356:
1308:
1201:
1175:
1165:
More than 1,850 species of geckos occur worldwide, including these familiar species:
1143:
1138:
982:
844:
789:
699:
578:
479:
402:
367:
283:
223:
80:
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3501:
3234:
2328:
4911:
4825:
4790:
4690:
4665:
4592:
4517:
3894:
3711:
Townsend, Ted M.; Larson, Allan; Louis, Edward; Macey, J. Robert (1 October 2004).
3687:"Infraorder GekkotaInfraorder Gekkota (blind lizards, geckos, and legless lizards)"
3098:
3047:
2372:"Changes in materials properties explain the effects of humidity on gecko adhesion"
1685:
Roth, L.S.V.; Lundstrom, L.; Kelber, A.; Kroger, R.H.H.; Unsbo, P. (1 March 2009).
1419:
1238:
1234:
gecko known for its aggressive temperament, loud mating calls, and bright markings.
1117:
778:
632:
600:
533:
427:
398:
255:
4281:
3918:
3526:
Gamble, Tony; Bauer, Aaron M.; Greenbaum, Eli; Jackman, Todd R. (21 August 2007).
3475:
2459:"Role of contact electrification and electrostatic interactions in gecko adhesion"
4214:
3685:
Myers, P.; R. Espinosa; C. S. Parr; T. Jones; G. S. Hammond; T. A. Dewey (2008).
3652:
3323:
2435:
2239:
4932:
4878:
4815:
4800:
4780:
4732:
4670:
4645:
4602:
4564:
4545:
4467:
4453:
4415:
4104:"Premeiotic endoreplication is essential for obligate parthenogenesis in geckos"
4102:
Dedukh, Dmitrij; Altmanová, Marie; Klíma, Jiří; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (2022-04-01).
2945:
1227:
942:
862:
663:
538:
360:
352:
271:
55:
4898:
4869:
4247:
3769:
2320:
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1857:
4805:
4785:
4479:
4438:
4430:
4390:
3729:
3712:
3476:"Out of the blue: A novel, trans-Atlantic clade of geckos (Gekkota, Squamata)"
3082:
2781:
2031:
1533:
Villa, Andrea; Wings, Oliver; Rabi, Márton (2022). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.).
1509:
1484:. Geckos also have a large diversity of sex-determining mechanisms, including
1347:
1332:
1041:
850:
817:
793:
754:
718:
595:
487:
467:
445:. Like most lizards, geckos can lose their tails in defence, a process called
430:, become part of the indoor menagerie and are often welcomed, as they feed on
410:
348:
333:
322:
318:
288:
116:
100:
65:
4188:
Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Russell, A.P.; Bauer, A.M. (2012).
4127:
3977:
3936:
2303:"Directional adhesion for climbing: Theoretical and practical considerations"
2040:
1865:
1569:
1476:
Most geckos lay a small clutch of eggs. Some are live-bearing, and a few can
4760:
4700:
4675:
4655:
4582:
4530:
4372:
4046:
4029:
2722:
2545:
2015:"Preliminary Survey of Lizards of Pantai Melawi, Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia"
1987:. Vol. I. Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis. p. 337.
1423:
1133:
875:
785:
707:
551:
499:
463:
449:; the predator may attack the wriggling tail, allowing the gecko to escape.
418:
406:
394:
170:
105:
49:
4233:
4135:
4055:
3985:
3777:
3738:
3671:
3612:
3427:
3331:
3293:
3226:
3149:
3131:
3090:
3039:
2931:
2912:
2837:
2819:
2741:
2655:
2564:
2494:
2476:
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2399:
2258:
2084:
1883:
1757:
1714:
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4463:
4356:
4344:
4325:
3968:
3951:
1205:
1191:
797:
609:
604:
Close-up of the underside of a gecko's foot as it walks on vertical glass
446:
442:
414:
210:
190:
120:
95:
90:
75:
70:
60:
3528:"Evidence for Gondwanan vicariance in an ancient clade of gecko lizards"
3031:
2977:"How do gecko lizards unstick themselves as they move across a surface?"
2156:
4617:
4507:
4350:
4119:
3927:
3864:
3816:
3418:
3401:
3218:
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2390:
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1938:
1505:
1336:
1263:
820:
475:
329:
200:
110:
85:
17:
4937:
3893:
Fontanarrosa, Gabriela; Daza, Juan D.; Abdala, Virginia (April 2018).
3275:
3187:
3164:
1670:
1651:
1561:
608:
About 60% of gecko species have adhesive toe pads which allow them to
4775:
4338:
4265:
Global gecko association site with pictures, caresheets, species list
4177:
Speciation and
Dispersal in a Low Diversity Taxon: The Slender Geckos
1901:
Extraordinary
Animals: an Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals
1650:
Gamble, T.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R.; Bauer, A.M. (August 2015).
1645:
1643:
1641:
1501:
1415:
1411:
1179:
762:
431:
375:
314:
180:
129:
125:
4840:
4294:
3999:
3474:
Gamble, T.; Bauer, A.M.; Greenbaum, E.; Jackman, T.R. (July 2008).
1748:
1729:
1705:
1686:
4820:
4448:
3073:
1154:
1110:
1095:
824:
807:
688:
673:, and therefore the number of setae in contact with that surface.
599:
561:
387:
386:
that enlarges in darkness to let in more light. Since they cannot
347:, which differ from species to species. Most geckos in the family
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
1652:"Into the light: Diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos"
4924:
1969:
Earlier version first published in New
English Dictionary, 1898.
1772:"Gecko-inspired multifocal contact lenses, cameras on the anvil"
758:
695:
684:
620:
471:
438:
337:
4844:
4298:
317:
that have a wide distribution, found on every continent except
30:
This article is about the type of reptile. For other uses, see
3400:
Gregory R. Handrigan; Kelvin J. Leung; Joy M. Richman (2010).
1440:
370:
lack eyelids; instead, the outer surface of the eyeball has a
351:
use chirping or clicking sounds in their social interactions.
2370:
Puthoff, J.B.; Prowse, M.; Wilkinson, M.; Autumn, K. (2010).
4286:
4259:
482:, where it lived in native forests. The smallest gecko, the
4282:
Artificial gecko feet for a Spiderman suit (BBC 2007-08-28)
1402:, the crocodile or Moorish gecko, is commonly found in the
2068:"Acoustic and Visual Display Behavior of Gekkonid Lizards"
1174:, the western banded gecko, is native to the southwestern
4264:
3579:"Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos"
1288:, is frequently found in and around buildings, and is an
4190:"Repeated origin and loss of adhesive toepads in geckos"
4162:
The Gecko's Foot—Bio Inspiration: Engineered from Nature
3791:
Tałanda, Mateusz (September 2018). Benson, Roger (ed.).
3628:"Repeated Origin and Loss of Adhesive Toepads in Geckos"
2670:"Why do the gecko's feet not stick to a teflon surface?"
2457:
Izadi, H.; Stewart, K.M.E.; Penlidis, A. (9 July 2014).
2215:"Repeated Origin and Loss of Adhesive Toepads in Geckos"
827:
of geckos, including the snake-like (legless) pygopods.
417:
from their eyes. The gecko eye, therefore, modified its
2795:
2793:
2791:
2108:
2106:
1457:
631:(the weakest of the weak chemical forces) between the
1622:
Lizards: a Natural History of Some Uncommon Creatures
823:
is divided into seven families, containing about 125
715:
to climb smooth surfaces and sleep on smooth leaves.
2886:"Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae"
2753:
2751:
4853:
4746:
4708:
4699:
4616:
4563:
4516:
4488:
4462:
4429:
4381:
4365:
3689:. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Archived from
812:
Pores on the skin are often used in classification.
4071:"Phelsuma madagascariensis (Madagascar Day Gecko)"
3346:
1937:
1898:
1107:thought to be an early member of the gecko lineage
619:It was previously thought that the spatula-shaped
3752:Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair (October 2005).
3163:Higham, T.E.; Gamble, T.; Russell, A.P. (2017).
1190:, the bent-toed gecko, is found in northwestern
332:throughout the world. They range from 1.6 to 60
2891:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2701:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2524:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
612:to most surfaces without the use of liquids or
3349:Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity
2208:
2206:
2204:
1730:"The pupils and optical systems of gecko eyes"
1687:"The pupils and optical systems of gecko eyes"
405:in low light is 350 times more sensitive than
4310:
4097:
4095:
639:would adhere as easily to the surface of the
8:
1624:. St. Paul, MN: Voyageur Press. p. 47.
2946:"Geckos can hang upside down carrying 40kg"
2519:"Evidence for self-cleaning in gecko setae"
1516:made from copies of identical chromosomes.
1317:, is native to southern Africa; this hardy
4841:
4705:
4472:
4317:
4303:
4295:
2761:International Journal of Applied Mechanics
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2308:Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
1437:Parthenogenesis in squamata § Lizards
343:Geckos are unique among lizards for their
137:
38:
27:Lizard belonging to the infraorder Gekkota
4223:
4213:
4045:
3967:
3926:
3728:
3661:
3651:
3602:
3491:
3458:
3447:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3417:
3283:
3186:
3174:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3139:
3072:
3064:Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
2921:
2911:
2827:
2731:
2721:
2645:
2554:
2544:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2484:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2389:
2248:
2238:
2083:
2030:
1873:
1747:
1704:
1669:
1657:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
742:when they come in contact with the skin.
366:All geckos, except species in the family
4160:Forbes, Peter (4th Estate, London 2005)
1242:is genus of geckos with many varieties.
393:Unlike most lizards, geckos are usually
3441:Han, D.; Zhou, K.; Bauer, A.M. (2004).
1525:
1486:temperature-dependent sex determination
3119:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
2807:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
2464:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1985:A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)
1932:
1930:
1339:. It is also an introduced species in
2047:from the original on 10 December 2022
1813:from the original on 30 November 2009
1321:gecko is considered a household pest.
7:
4974:ce4b96cb-960f-4f16-8c48-36916207d53d
4260:Comprehensive gecko care information
2989:from the original on 23 October 2012
2975:Autumn, Kellar (29 September 2003).
2189:from the original on 16 January 2018
1965:participating institution membership
627:on gecko footpads enable attractive
573:Video of leopard gecko shedding skin
426:habitations. These, for example the
409:. The nocturnal geckos evolved from
5020:Extant Cenomanian first appearances
3956:Integrative and Comparative Biology
3874:from the original on April 23, 2021
1331:, is diurnal; it lives in northern
1131:from the Late Jurassic of Germany.
1019:
997:
975:
920:
898:
891:
881:
582:shed once every one to two months.
460:Natural History Museum of Marseille
2871:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1975.tb03215.x
2066:Marcellini, Dale (February 1977).
1803:"Gecko tail has a mind of its own"
1801:Mihai, Andrei (9 September 2009).
1782:from the original on 28 March 2017
536:the sounds that some species like
25:
2517:Hansen, W.R.; Autumn, K. (2005).
2129:from the original on 30 July 2014
2123:Victoria University of Wellington
1979:Wilkinson, Richard James (1932).
1194:; it was first described in 2007.
683:The setae of a typical mature 70-
3595:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x
3544:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01770.x
3493:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00330.x
3460:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00393.x
2956:from the original on 21 May 2008
1444:
792:. The formation of the teeth is
550:Like other reptiles, geckos are
157:
4081:from the original on 2023-10-01
4069:Fry, Courtney; Roycroft, Carl.
4034:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4010:from the original on 2021-10-29
3831:from the original on 2022-06-17
3583:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
3558:from the original on 6 May 2020
3508:from the original on 2023-11-01
2377:Journal of Experimental Biology
2335:from the original on 2012-01-15
2283:from the original on 2013-05-09
2092:from the original on 2023-01-27
1991:from the original on 2022-12-10
1602:from the original on 2020-11-27
3355:University of California Press
2273:"Scientific image – gecko toe"
2113:Girons, Hubert (August 1980).
874:Legless lizards of the family
753:, has coloration developed as
313:are small, mostly carnivorous
1:
4248:Gecko gallery and information
3919:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.003
2185:. Buddy Genius. 5 July 2020.
2000:National Library of Australia
1596:Reptile-Database.Reptarium.cz
1360:is genus of geckos native to
466:, France. This gecko was 600
5025:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
4215:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429
3653:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429
3324:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.007
2436:10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.036
2240:10.1371/journal.pone.0039429
2019:Malaysian Journal of Science
413:species, which had lost the
2582:"How geckos stick to walls"
1372:(now assigned to the genus
804:Taxonomy and classification
641:International Space Station
359:) are known for their loud
328:, geckos are found in warm
5046:
3770:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.10.001
2321:10.1163/156856107782328399
2025:(special issue): 117–120.
1858:10.1038/s41598-023-35210-8
1434:
589:
474:) long, and it was likely
124:Stem-groups present since
29:
4475:
4333:
4254:How Geckos Stick to Walls
3950:Bauer, A M (2019-07-01).
3730:10.1080/10635150490522340
3083:10.1016/j.cis.2012.06.006
2855:(Reptilia: Gekkonidae)".
2782:10.1142/s1758825110000433
2179:"Crested geckos shedding"
2032:10.22452/mjs.vol29nosp.13
1945:Oxford English Dictionary
1488:and both XX/XY and ZZ/ZW
1286:Mediterranean house gecko
1160:Mediterranean house gecko
1121:preserved in Baltic amber
1039:
1024:
1017:
1002:
995:
980:
973:
940:
925:
918:
903:
896:
889:
721:technologies designed to
251:
246:
154:Scientific classification
152:
145:
136:
41:
4004:www.reptile-database.org
3758:Comptes Rendus Biologies
3345:Pianka, Eric R. (2006).
1598:. The Reptile Database.
1592:"Search results – gecko"
1381:Rhacodactylus leachianus
3532:Journal of Biogeography
2723:10.1073/pnas.0506328102
2546:10.1073/pnas.0408304102
1950:Oxford University Press
1542:Papers in Palaeontology
1391:Sphaerodactylus ariasae
1298:Lepidodactylus lugubris
1187:Cyrtopodion brachykolon
747:mossy leaf-tailed gecko
649:Polytetrafluoroethylene
5030:Vertebrate infraorders
4181:(Reptilia, Gekkonidae)
4000:"THE REPTILE DATABASE"
3132:10.1098/rsif.2011.0370
2913:10.1073/pnas.192252799
2820:10.1098/rsif.2012.0587
2477:10.1098/rsif.2014.0371
2149:"GeckoCare - shedding"
1620:Badger, David (2006).
1369:Rhacodactylus ciliatus
1230:, is a large, common,
1198:Eublepharis macularius
1162:
1141:of Myanmar (including
1122:
1108:
813:
740:gram-negative bacteria
658:Gecko toes seem to be
605:
574:
32:Gecko (disambiguation)
4982:Paleobiology Database
4270:Gecko anatomy picture
4047:10.1093/molbev/msv023
3206:Journal of Morphology
2617:Nature Communications
1399:Tarentola mauritanica
1282:Hemidactylus turcicus
1256:Hemidactylus garnotii
1246:Hemidactylus frenatus
1158:
1114:
1099:
811:
629:van der Waals' forces
603:
572:
452:The largest species,
4075:Animal Diversity Web
3764:(10–11): 1000–1008.
3067:. 179–182: 107–113.
2348:van der Waals forces
2315:(12–13): 1317–1341.
2119:nzetc.Victoria.ac.nz
2085:10.1093/icb/17.1.251
1897:Piper, Ross (2007).
1504:are able to undergo
1275:Hemidactylus mabouia
1092:Evolutionary history
723:mimic gecko adhesion
455:Gigarcanum delcourti
378:. They have a fixed
4206:2012PLoSO...739429G
4179:Hemiphyllodactylus
3911:2018CrRes..84..120F
3899:Cretaceous Research
3809:2018Palgy..61..659T
3644:2012PLoSO...739429G
3268:2017NatSR...741023G
3032:10.1038/nature05968
3024:2007Natur.448..338L
2982:Scientific American
2904:2002PNAS...9912252A
2898:(19): 12252–12256.
2774:2010IJAM....2....1C
2714:2005PNAS..10216293H
2630:2015NatCo...6.8949X
2537:2005PNAS..102..385H
2231:2012PLoSO...739429G
1998:– via TROVE,
1948:(Online ed.).
1905:. Westport, Conn.:
1850:2023NatSR..13.9141H
1554:2022PPal....8E1434V
1478:reproduce asexually
1329:gold dust day gecko
1171:Coleonyx variegatus
736:superhydrophobicity
713:Gonatodes humeralis
558:Shedding or molting
524:word borrowed from
397:and have excellent
321:. Belonging to the
147:Gold dust day gecko
4287:Gecko Time Online
4120:10.1242/dev.200345
3969:10.1093/icb/icz020
3817:10.1111/pala.12358
3717:Systematic Biology
3419:10.1242/dev.052415
3311:Acta Biomaterialia
3255:Scientific Reports
3219:10.1002/jmor.20420
2858:Journal of Zoology
2674:www.JustAnswer.com
2638:10.1038/ncomms9949
2423:Acta Biomaterialia
2391:10.1242/jeb.047654
2072:American Zoologist
1838:Scientific Reports
1807:www.ZMEScience.com
1456:. You can help by
1325:Phelsuma laticauda
1290:introduced species
1260:Indo-Pacific gecko
1250:common house gecko
1218:Pteropus mutilatus
1163:
1123:
1109:
814:
761:bark; down to the
606:
575:
509:'gecko' stem from
4997:
4996:
4847:Taxon identifiers
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4559:
4558:
4490:Gymnophthalmoidea
4421:Sphaerodactylidae
3480:Zoologica Scripta
3412:(21): 3545–3549.
3276:10.1038/srep41023
3213:(11): 1311–1332.
3188:10.1111/bij.12897
3018:(7151): 338–341.
2384:(21): 3699–3704.
2153:www.GeckoCare.net
1963:(Subscription or
1735:Journal of Vision
1692:Journal of Vision
1671:10.1111/bij.12536
1562:10.1002/spp2.1434
1474:
1473:
1408:Iberian Peninsula
1128:Eichstaettisaurus
1103:Eichstaettisaurus
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1005:Sphaerodactylidae
962:
961:
953:
952:
869:Sphaerodactylidae
671:surface roughness
666:from a surface.)
570:
308:
307:
299:Sphaerodactylidae
242:
16:(Redirected from
5037:
4990:
4989:
4977:
4976:
4967:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4941:
4940:
4928:
4927:
4915:
4914:
4902:
4901:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4842:
4728:Leptotyphlopidae
4706:
4503:Gymnophthalmidae
4473:
4411:Phyllodactylidae
4396:Carphodactylidae
4319:
4312:
4305:
4296:
4276:The Gecko's Foot
4237:
4227:
4217:
4148:
4147:
4114:(7): dev200345.
4099:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4049:
4040:(5): 1296–1309.
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3971:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3862:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3495:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3385:. Archived from
3379:
3373:
3372:
3353:. Berkeley, CA:
3352:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3076:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2814:(78): 20120587.
2797:
2786:
2785:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2588:. Archived from
2578:
2572:
2571:
2558:
2548:
2514:
2503:
2502:
2488:
2471:(98): 20140371.
2454:
2448:
2447:
2417:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2367:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2279:. NISE Network.
2269:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:. Archived from
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2034:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1904:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1776:News.OneIndia.in
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1647:
1636:
1635:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1539:
1530:
1469:
1466:
1448:
1441:
1406:region from the
1027:Phyllodactylidae
1020:
998:
976:
928:Carphodactylidae
921:
899:
892:
882:
857:Phyllodactylidae
833:Carphodactylidae
586:Adhesion ability
571:
294:Phyllodactylidae
262:Carphodactylidae
237:
162:
161:
141:
115:
52:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5015:Lizards of Asia
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4985:
4980:
4972:
4970:
4962:
4957:
4949:
4944:
4936:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4849:
4839:
4830:
4791:Cylindrophiidae
4771:Atractaspididae
4742:
4738:Xenotyphlopidae
4695:
4681:Phrynosomatidae
4612:
4555:
4512:
4484:
4458:
4425:
4401:Diplodactylidae
4377:
4361:
4329:
4323:
4244:
4187:
4157:
4155:Further reading
4152:
4151:
4101:
4100:
4093:
4084:
4082:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4013:
4011:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3126:(69): 657–664.
3111:
3110:
3106:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2950:www.Physics.org
2944:
2943:
2939:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2799:
2798:
2789:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2708:(45): 16293–6.
2693:
2692:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2593:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2419:
2418:
2407:
2369:
2368:
2357:
2338:
2336:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2277:www.NISEnet.org
2271:
2270:
2266:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2183:BuddyGenius.com
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1994:
1992:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1907:Greenwood Press
1896:
1895:
1891:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:. ZME Science.
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1649:
1648:
1639:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1498:parthenogenesis
1490:sex chromosomes
1482:parthenogenesis
1470:
1464:
1461:
1454:needs expansion
1439:
1433:
1420:northern Africa
1232:Southeast Asian
1213:Gehyra mutilata
1153:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
963:
954:
906:Diplodactylidae
839:Diplodactylidae
806:
775:
749:of Madagascar,
732:
694:Apart from the
637:synthetic setae
614:surface tension
598:
592:Synthetic setae
588:
562:
560:
548:
496:
484:Jaragua sphaero
267:Diplodactylidae
236:
156:
132:
123:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4978:
4968:
4955:
4942:
4929:
4916:
4903:
4890:
4875:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4811:Tropidophiidae
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4748:Alethinophidia
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4718:Anomalepididae
4714:
4712:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4661:Leiocephalidae
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4636:Corytophanidae
4633:
4631:Chamaeleonidae
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4608:Diploglossidae
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:Helodermatidae
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:Amphisbaenidae
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4498:Alopoglossidae
4494:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4444:Gerrhosauridae
4441:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4289:Gecko Magazine
4284:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4242:External links
4240:
4239:
4238:
4185:
4172:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4091:
4061:
4020:
3991:
3962:(1): 117–130.
3942:
3885:
3841:
3803:(5): 659–677.
3783:
3744:
3723:(5): 735–757.
3703:
3677:
3618:
3589:(2): 231–244.
3569:
3518:
3486:(4): 355–366.
3466:
3453:(3): 353–368.
3433:
3392:
3389:on 2015-03-12.
3374:
3367:
3337:
3299:
3240:
3194:
3181:(3): 503–517.
3155:
3104:
3053:
3000:
2967:
2937:
2876:
2865:(4): 437–476.
2843:
2787:
2747:
2679:
2661:
2602:
2586:www.lclark.edu
2573:
2531:(2): 385–389.
2504:
2449:
2430:(2): 733–738.
2405:
2355:
2293:
2264:
2200:
2170:
2159:on 29 May 2013
2140:
2102:
2078:(1): 251–260.
2058:
2005:
1971:
1926:
1920:978-0313339226
1919:
1889:
1824:
1793:
1778:. 8 May 2009.
1763:
1749:10.1167/9.3.27
1742:(3): 27.1–11.
1720:
1706:10.1167/9.3.27
1699:(3): 27.1–11.
1677:
1664:(4): 896–910.
1637:
1631:978-0760325797
1630:
1612:
1583:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1472:
1471:
1451:
1449:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1353:
1344:
1322:
1315:Bibron's gecko
1305:
1302:mourning gecko
1295:
1294:
1293:
1279:
1271:
1253:
1235:
1221:
1209:
1195:
1183:
1178:and northwest
1152:
1149:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1001:
996:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
979:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
956:
955:
951:
950:
947:
946:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
924:
919:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
902:
897:
895:
890:
888:
880:
872:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
805:
802:
774:
771:
731:
728:
660:double-jointed
587:
584:
579:Leopard geckos
559:
556:
547:
544:
495:
492:
374:membrane, the
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
276:
275:
274:
269:
264:
249:
248:
244:
243:
231:
227:
226:
221:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
149:
143:
142:
134:
133:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
53:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5042:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
4988:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Anomochilidae
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Acrochordidae
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Gerrhopilidae
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4710:Scolecophidia
4707:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:Polychrotidae
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Hoplocercidae
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Crotaphytidae
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:Lanthanotidae
4576:
4574:
4573:Shinisauridae
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4552:
4551:Trogonophidae
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:Eublepharidae
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:(6): e39429.
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4174:Zug, George.
4173:
4170:
4169:0-00-717990-1
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4021:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3886:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3797:Palaeontology
3794:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3693:on 2009-05-13
3692:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:(6): e39429.
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3570:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3519:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3368:0-520-24847-3
3364:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3004:
3001:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2592:on 2007-09-25
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:(6): e39429.
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1468:
1465:February 2020
1459:
1455:
1452:This section
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:and southern
1409:
1405:
1404:Mediterranean
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
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1362:New Caledonia
1359:
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1357:Rhacodactylus
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1338:
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1309:Pachydactylus
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1202:leopard gecko
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1176:United States
1173:
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1144:Cretaceogekko
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1139:Burmese amber
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983:Eublepharidae
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845:Eublepharidae
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546:Common traits
545:
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400:
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369:
368:Eublepharidae
364:
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350:
346:
345:vocalisations
341:
339:
336:(0.6 to 23.6
335:
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37:
33:
19:
4854:
4826:Xenopeltidae
4691:Tropiduridae
4666:Leiosauridae
4593:Xenosauridae
4518:Amphisbaenia
4382:
4288:
4275:
4253:
4197:
4193:
4180:
4176:
4161:
4111:
4107:
4083:. Retrieved
4074:
4064:
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4023:
4012:. Retrieved
4003:
3994:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3850:Arnold, E.N.
3844:
3833:. Retrieved
3800:
3796:
3786:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3720:
3716:
3706:
3695:. Retrieved
3691:the original
3680:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3562:30 September
3560:. Retrieved
3535:
3531:
3521:
3510:. Retrieved
3483:
3479:
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3409:
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3387:the original
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2991:. Retrieved
2980:
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2949:
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2594:. Retrieved
2590:the original
2585:
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2191:. Retrieved
2182:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:the original
2152:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2118:
2094:. Retrieved
2075:
2071:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2022:
2018:
2008:
1993:. Retrieved
1984:
1974:
1953:. Retrieved
1943:
1900:
1892:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1806:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1775:
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1604:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
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1541:
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1495:
1475:
1462:
1458:adding to it
1453:
1431:Reproduction
1397:
1389:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1355:
1346:
1324:
1307:
1297:
1281:
1273:
1255:
1245:
1239:Hemidactylus
1237:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1197:
1185:
1169:
1164:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:Yantarogekko
1116:
1101:
1100:Skeleton of
1040:
1025:
1003:
981:
941:
926:
904:
885:
873:
815:
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733:
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646:
623:arranged in
618:
607:
576:
549:
537:
529:
517:
502:
497:
453:
451:
437:; including
424:
399:night vision
392:
382:within each
365:
361:mating calls
356:
353:Tokay geckos
342:
325:
310:
309:
278:
256:Pygopodoidea
254:
233:
230:Infraorder:
217:
36:
4933:iNaturalist
4879:Wikispecies
4816:Uropeltidae
4801:Loxocemidae
4781:Bolyeriidae
4733:Typhlopidae
4671:Liolaemidae
4646:Dactyloidae
4603:Anniellidae
4565:Anguimorpha
4546:Rhineuridae
4468:Lacertoidea
4454:Xantusiidae
4416:Pygopodidae
4108:Development
3928:11336/64819
3905:: 120–133.
3406:Development
3357:. pp.
3318:: 109–122.
2853:Gekko gecko
2051:11 December
1844:(1): 9141.
1510:chromosomes
1374:Correlophus
1335:and on the
1228:Tokay gecko
1224:Gekko gecko
943:Pygopodidae
863:Pygopodidae
783:odontogenic
777:Geckos are
767:dermal flap
664:Scotch Tape
552:ectothermic
539:Tokay gecko
468:millimetres
428:house gecko
372:transparent
357:Gekko gecko
334:centimetres
279:Gekkonoidea
272:Pygopodidae
48:100–0
5004:Categories
4806:Pythonidae
4786:Colubridae
4480:Lacertidae
4439:Cordylidae
4431:Scincoidea
4391:Gekkonidae
4085:2024-02-07
4014:2016-09-20
3878:August 12,
3854:Poinar, G.
3835:2022-06-17
3697:2009-04-04
3538:: 88–104.
3512:2023-08-18
2960:2 November
2768:(1): 1–9.
2596:2007-09-22
2339:2012-02-04
2287:2022-02-01
2193:1 February
2096:2023-01-07
1995:2022-12-10
1967:required.)
1955:7 February
1909:. p.
1817:1 February
1786:1 February
1606:2022-02-01
1520:References
1435:See also:
1348:Ptychozoon
1333:Madagascar
1292:in the US.
1270:in the US.
1115:Fossil of
1042:Gekkonidae
851:Gekkonidae
818:infraorder
794:pleurodont
755:camouflage
751:U. sikorae
719:Biomimetic
596:Gecko feet
590:See also:
520:, it is a
511:Indonesian
488:Hispaniola
443:mosquitoes
419:cone cells
407:human eyes
349:Gekkonidae
323:infraorder
319:Antarctica
289:Gekkonidae
247:Subgroups
117:Cenomanian
4821:Viperidae
4761:Aniliidae
4701:Serpentes
4676:Opluridae
4656:Iguanidae
4583:Varanidae
4531:Bipedidae
4449:Scincidae
4373:Dibamidae
4337:Kingdom:
4144:248001402
4128:1477-9129
3978:1540-7063
3937:0195-6671
3825:134878128
3262:: 41023.
3167:Gonatodes
3074:1202.6304
2500:adhesion.
2125:Library.
2041:2600-8688
1866:2045-2322
1578:249358350
1570:2056-2799
1514:bivalents
1496:Obligate
1424:crocodile
1134:Norellius
876:Dibamidae
786:stem cell
708:Gonatodes
633:β-keratin
515:Malaysian
500:Neo-Latin
494:Etymology
464:Marseille
415:rod cells
395:nocturnal
177:Kingdom:
171:Eukaryota
4870:Q1008888
4864:Wikidata
4796:Elapidae
4626:Agamidae
4598:Anguidae
4541:Cadeidae
4536:Blanidae
4464:Laterata
4357:Squamata
4351:Reptilia
4345:Chordata
4343:Phylum:
4339:Animalia
4328:families
4326:Squamata
4234:22761794
4194:PLOS ONE
4136:35388415
4079:Archived
4056:25657328
4008:Archived
3986:30938766
3869:Archived
3856:(2008).
3829:Archived
3778:16286089
3739:15545252
3672:22761794
3632:PLOS ONE
3613:21126276
3556:Archived
3552:29974883
3506:Archived
3502:83706826
3428:20876646
3332:25772496
3294:28120867
3235:20296012
3227:26248497
3150:21865250
3091:22795778
3040:17637666
2993:23 March
2987:Archived
2954:Archived
2932:12198184
2838:22993246
2742:16260737
2656:26584513
2624:: 8949.
2565:15630086
2495:25008078
2444:20920615
2400:20952618
2333:Archived
2329:53470787
2281:Archived
2259:22761794
2219:PLOS ONE
2187:Archived
2163:19 April
2127:Archived
2090:Archived
2045:Archived
1989:Archived
1981:"ge'kok"
1884:37336900
1875:10279644
1811:Archived
1780:Archived
1758:19757966
1715:19757966
1600:Archived
1352:jumping.
1319:arboreal
1206:vivarium
1192:Pakistan
798:Squamata
625:lamellae
534:imitates
532:, which
526:Javanese
447:autotomy
401:; their
330:climates
211:Squamata
201:Reptilia
191:Chordata
187:Phylum:
181:Animalia
167:Domain:
4925:2819161
4899:Gekkota
4885:Gekkota
4855:Gekkota
4618:Iguania
4508:Teiidae
4383:Gekkota
4366:Dibamia
4355:Order:
4349:Class:
4225:3384654
4202:Bibcode
3907:Bibcode
3865:Zootaxa
3805:Bibcode
3663:3384654
3640:Bibcode
3604:3075428
3285:5264400
3264:Bibcode
3141:3284128
3099:5406490
3048:4407993
3020:Bibcode
2900:Bibcode
2829:3565786
2770:Bibcode
2733:1283435
2710:Bibcode
2647:4673831
2626:Bibcode
2533:Bibcode
2486:4233685
2250:3384654
2227:Bibcode
1939:"gecko"
1846:Bibcode
1550:Bibcode
1506:meiosis
1502:oocytes
1337:Comoros
1311:bibroni
1268:Georgia
1264:Florida
1151:Species
886:Gekkota
867:Family
861:Family
855:Family
849:Family
843:Family
837:Family
831:Family
821:Gekkota
788:in the
763:lichens
528:, from
507:English
476:endemic
411:diurnal
326:Gekkota
315:lizards
234:Gekkota
207:Order:
197:Class:
121:present
18:Gekkota
5010:Geckos
4971:NZOR:
4951:564528
4938:371057
4776:Boidae
4232:
4222:
4171:in H/B
4167:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4054:
3984:
3976:
3935:
3852:&
3823:
3776:
3737:
3670:
3660:
3611:
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3550:
3500:
3426:
3365:
3330:
3292:
3282:
3233:
3225:
3148:
3138:
3097:
3089:
3046:
3038:
3011:Nature
2930:
2923:129431
2920:
2836:
2826:
2740:
2730:
2654:
2644:
2563:
2556:544316
2553:
2493:
2483:
2442:
2398:
2327:
2257:
2247:
2133:31 May
2039:
1917:
1882:
1872:
1864:
1756:
1713:
1628:
1576:
1568:
1416:Greece
1412:France
1341:Hawaii
1327:, the
1300:, the
1284:, the
1258:, the
1248:, the
1226:, the
1200:, the
1180:Mexico
825:genera
610:adhere
542:make.
472:inches
432:insect
376:brille
338:inches
311:Geckos
241:, 1817
239:Cuvier
130:Albian
126:Aptian
4987:92743
4912:87BW6
4140:S2CID
3872:(PDF)
3861:(PDF)
3821:S2CID
3548:S2CID
3498:S2CID
3231:S2CID
3095:S2CID
3069:arXiv
3044:S2CID
2325:S2CID
1961:
1574:S2CID
1548:(3).
1538:(PDF)
773:Teeth
696:setae
689:ounce
687:(2.5-
621:setae
530:tokek
522:Malay
518:gēkoq
503:gekko
439:moths
435:pests
388:blink
218:Clade
42:Gecko
4964:8560
4959:NCBI
4946:ITIS
4230:PMID
4165:ISBN
4132:PMID
4124:ISSN
4052:PMID
3982:PMID
3974:ISSN
3933:ISSN
3880:2009
3774:PMID
3735:PMID
3668:PMID
3609:PMID
3564:2020
3424:PMID
3363:ISBN
3328:PMID
3290:PMID
3223:PMID
3146:PMID
3087:PMID
3036:PMID
2995:2013
2962:2012
2928:PMID
2834:PMID
2738:PMID
2652:PMID
2561:PMID
2491:PMID
2440:PMID
2396:PMID
2255:PMID
2195:2022
2165:2013
2135:2014
2053:2022
2037:ISSN
1957:2024
1915:ISBN
1880:PMID
1862:ISSN
1819:2022
1788:2022
1754:PMID
1711:PMID
1626:ISBN
1566:ISSN
1480:via
1418:and
1266:and
816:The
759:tree
745:The
730:Skin
685:gram
594:and
505:and
498:The
470:(24
441:and
384:iris
380:lens
56:PreꞒ
4920:EoL
4907:CoL
4894:AFD
4220:PMC
4210:doi
4116:doi
4112:149
4042:doi
3964:doi
3923:hdl
3915:doi
3813:doi
3766:doi
3762:328
3725:doi
3658:PMC
3648:doi
3599:PMC
3591:doi
3540:doi
3488:doi
3455:doi
3414:doi
3410:137
3359:247
3320:doi
3280:PMC
3272:doi
3215:doi
3211:276
3183:doi
3179:120
3136:PMC
3128:doi
3079:doi
3028:doi
3016:448
2918:PMC
2908:doi
2867:doi
2863:176
2824:PMC
2816:doi
2778:doi
2728:PMC
2718:doi
2706:102
2642:PMC
2634:doi
2551:PMC
2541:doi
2529:102
2481:PMC
2473:doi
2432:doi
2386:doi
2382:213
2317:doi
2245:PMC
2235:doi
2080:doi
2027:doi
1911:143
1870:PMC
1854:doi
1744:doi
1701:doi
1666:doi
1662:115
1558:doi
1460:.
1414:to
478:to
462:in
340:).
5006::
4984::
4961::
4948::
4935::
4922::
4909::
4896::
4881::
4866::
4466:/
4228:.
4218:.
4208:.
4196:.
4192:.
4138:.
4130:.
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4110:.
4106:.
4094:^
4077:.
4073:.
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4036:.
4032:.
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3958:.
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3931:.
3921:.
3913:.
3903:84
3901:.
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3772:.
3760:.
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3607:.
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3361:.
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2438:.
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