1511:
56:
237:
613:
1624:
2205:
960:, which he likewise doth bear the gladlier for the saving of his reputation. Being called also to the wars (for with the government of the commonwealth he medleth little) what soever it cost him, he will both array and arm himself accordingly, and show the more manly courage, and all the tokens of the person which he representeth. No man hath hurt by it but himself, who peradventure will go in wider
2117:
632:
1661:." In the 8th edition (1856), this is still its "most extended sense"; "in a more limited sense" it is defined in the same words as those quoted above from the 5th edition; but the writer adds, "By courtesy this title is generally accorded to all persons above the rank of common tradesmen when their manners are indicative of a certain amount of refinement and intelligence."
1335:(1349) had put the traditional social organization out of gear. Before that, the younger sons of the nobles had received their share of the farm stock, bought or hired land, and settled down as agriculturists in their native villages. Under the new conditions, this became increasingly impossible, and they were forced to seek their fortunes abroad in the
1190:
The gentleman does not needlessly and unnecessarily remind an offender of a wrong he may have committed against him. He can not only forgive, he can forget; and he strives for that nobleness of self and mildness of character which impart sufficient strength to let the past be but the past. A true man
1186:
The power which the strong have over the weak, the employer over the employed, the educated over the unlettered, the experienced over the confiding, even the clever over the silly—the forbearing or inoffensive use of all this power or authority, or a total abstinence from it when the case admits it,
1707:
In another sense, being a gentleman means treating others, especially women, in a respectful manner and not taking advantage or pushing others into doing things they do not wish to do. The exception, of course, is to push someone into something they need to do for their own good, such as a visit to
1047:
The fundamental idea of "gentry", symbolised in this grant of coat-armour, had come to be that of the essential superiority of the fighting man, and, as Selden points out (page 707), the fiction was usually maintained in the granting of arms "to an ennobled person though of the long Robe wherein he
1227:
xvii. page 540 b, 9th edition) said: "Early in the 11th century the order of 'gentlemen' as a separate class seems to be forming as something new. By the time of the conquest of
England the distinction seems to have been fully established." Stubbs (Const. Hist., ed. 1878, iii. 544, 548) takes the
936:, or beside his service in the room of a captain in the wars, or good counsel given at home, whereby his commonwealth is benefited, can live without manual labour, and thereto is able and will bear the port, charge and countenance of a gentleman, he shall for money have a coat and
1642:
as an index of rank had already become of doubtful value before the great political and social changes of the 19th century gave to it a wider and essentially higher significance. The change is well illustrated in the definitions given in the successive editions of the
1083:
SC 613 at 650). The significance of a right to a coat of arms was that it was definitive proof of the status of gentleman, but it recognised rather than conferred such a status, and the status could be and frequently was accepted without a right to a coat of arms.
1809:(1936). It relates to education and manners, a certain code of conduct regarding women that has been incorporated in the U.S. into various civil rights laws and anti-sexual-harassment laws that define a code of conduct to be followed by law in the workplace.
883:
is ambiguously defined, because "to behave like a gentleman" communicates as little praise or as much criticism as the speaker means to imply; thus, "to spend money like a gentleman" is criticism, but "to conduct a business like a gentleman" is praise.
1487:, the prefix "de" has been in some cases "revived" under a misconception, e.g. "de Trafford", "de Hoghton". Very rarely it is correctly retained as derived from a foreign place-name, e.g. "de Grey". The situation varies somewhat in Scotland, where the
1408:
This fiction, however, had its effect, and by the 16th century, as has been already pointed out, the official view had become clearly established that gentlemen constituted a distinct social order and that the badge of this distinction was the
1711:
In some cases, its meaning becomes twisted through misguided efforts to avoid offending anyone; a news report of a riot may refer to a "gentleman" trying to smash a window with a dustbin in order to loot a store. Similar use (notably between
1413:' recognition of the right to bear arms. However, some undoubtedly "gentle" families of long descent never obtained official rights to bear a coat of arms, the family of Strickland being an example, which caused some consternation when
1343:, men of birth, and, being now forced to describe themselves, they disdained to be classed with franklins (now sinking in the social scale), still more with yeomen or husbandmen; they chose, therefore, to be described as "gentlemen".
1695:
involves a certain superior standard of conduct, due, to quote the 8th edition once more, to "that self-respect and intellectual refinement which manifest themselves in unrestrained yet delicate manners." The word
599:
1362:, gentilman"... Fortunately—for the gentle reader will no doubt be anxious to follow in his footsteps—some particulars of his life may be gleaned from the public records. He was charged at the
1005:
However, although only a gentleman could have a coat of arms (so that possession of a coat of arms was proof of gentility), the coat of arms recognised, rather than created, the status (see G. D. Squibb,
1448:
A frontier line between classes so indefinite could not be maintained in some societies such as
England, where there was never a "nobiliary prefix" to stamp a person as a gentleman, as opposed to
1510:
1346:
On the character of these earliest gentlemen the records throw a lurid light. Sir George
Sitwell (p. 76), describes a man typical of his class, one who had served among the men-at-arms of
1048:
hath little use of them as they mean a shield." At the last, the wearing of a sword on all occasions was the outward and visible sign of a gentleman; the custom survives in the sword worn with
1440:. Merchants are still "citizens" to William Harrison; but he adds "they often change estate with gentlemen, as gentlemen do with them, by a mutual conversion of the one into the other."
1392:, hitherto composed mainly of "valets", was William Weston, "gentylman"; but even in the latter half of the 15th century, the order was not clearly established. As to the connection of
592:
867:
Selden said "that no
Charter can make a Gentleman, which is cited as out of the mouth of some great Princes have said it," because "they, without question, understood Gentleman for
1110:(君子) denotes and identifies the "son of a ruler", a "prince", a "noble man"; and the ideals that conceptually define "gentleman", "proper man", and a "perfect man". Conceptually,
1727:
is as a prefix to another term to imply that a man has sufficient wealth and free time to pursue an area of interest without depending on it for his livelihood. Examples include
1538:
who will be ennobled, while the highest posts are often reserved for the higher nobility). In
English, the terms for the English/Scottish/British court (equivalents may include
850:
described the innate character of a gentleman: "He is gentil bycause he doth as longeth to a gentilman." That definition develops until the 18th century, when in 1710, in the
585:
1498:
from 1700 to 1900, the term widened to include men of the urban professional classes: lawyers, doctors and even merchants. By 1841, the rules of the new gentlemen's club at
1380:
From these unpromising beginnings, the separate order of gentlemen evolved very slowly. The first gentleman commemorated on an existing monument was John
Daundelyon of
1183:
The forbearing use of power does not only form a touchstone, but the manner in which an individual enjoys certain advantages over others is a test of a true gentleman.
1400:; for coat-armour was the badge assumed by gentlemen to distinguish them in battle, and many gentlemen of long descent never had occasion to assume it and never did.
2052:
1049:
1700:, originally implying a certain social status, had very early come to be associated with the standard of manners expected from that status. Thus, by a sort of
1143:, can denote and connote a person who is "mean", "petty in mind and heart", and "narrowly self-interested", greedy, materialistic, and personally superficial.
1534:' courts, various functions bear titles containing such rank designations as gentleman (suggesting it is to be filled by a member of the lower nobility, or a
1369:
with housebreaking, wounding with intent to kill, and procuring the murder of one Thomas Page, who was cut to pieces while on his knees begging for his life.
860:
said that "the appellation of
Gentleman is never to be affixed to a man's circumstances, but to his Behaviour in them." Hence, the apocryphal reply of King
2136:
1612:
940:
bestowed upon him by heralds (who in the charter of the same do of custom pretend antiquity and service) and thereunto being made so good cheap be called
814:), Geoffrey Chaucer says: "Certes he sholde not be called a gentil man, that . . . ne dooth his diligence and bisynesse, to kepen his good name"; and in
199:
1479:
for "Atte Poole"; compare such names as "Attwood" or "Attwater"). In
English this "of" disappeared during the 15th century: for example the grandson of
1303:
and could not be used as denoting the title of a class. Yet after 1413, we find it increasingly so used, and the list of landowners in 1431, printed in
879:
identifies a man of noble family, a gentleman by birth, for "no creation could make a man of another blood than he is." In contemporary usage, the word
1377:
be discovered, Sir George
Sitwell predicted that it will be within the same year (1414) and in connection with some similar disreputable proceedings.
1200:
154:
further clarifies this point, stating that, in this context, the social category of gentleman is "the nearest contemporary
English equivalent of the
2239:
1414:
864:
to a lady's petition to elevate her son to the rank of gentleman: "I could make him a nobleman, but God Almighty could not make him a gentleman."
788:
194:(nobility by rank or personal quality) and describes the forms of a man's elevation to the nobility in European monarchies. In the 19th century,
1421:
in 1926 and could prove no right to a coat of arms, although his direct male ancestor had carried the English royal banner of St. George at the
1389:
2094:
2073:
1221:
existed in England very early has, indeed, been often assumed and is supported by weighty authorities. Thus, the late Professor Freeman (in
55:
2127:
1767:, who were not. In the same way in horse racing a gentleman rider is an amateur jockey, racing horses in specific flat and hurdle races.
904:, it being accepted that only a gentleman could have a coat of arms, as indicated in an account of how gentlemen were made in the day of
1688:. By this usage, the test is no longer good birth or the right to bear arms, but the capacity to mingle on equal terms in good society.
1347:
204:
On the Nobility of the British Gentry, or the Political Ranks and Dignities of the British Empire, Compared with those on the Continent
2179:
1843:
1823:
1331:
lies, the "estate degree or mystery" of the defendant must be stated, as well as his present or former domicile. At this time, the
2107:
The Nobility of the British Gentry or the Political Ranks and Dignities of the British Empire Compared with those on the Continent
1775:
2393:
226:
2048:
1327:. c. 5. of 1413, which laid down that in all original writs of action, personal appeals and indictments, in which process of
1460:
and by the ease with which coats of arms could be assumed without a shadow of claim, which tended to bring the science of
1502:
was to include: "...gentlemen of the Mercantile or other professions, moving in the ordinary circle of Indian society".
1323:
gave a lucid, instructive and occasionally amusing explanation of this development. The immediate cause was the statute
1339:, or at home as hangers-on of the great nobles. These men, under the old system, had no definite status; but they were
2232:
1558:
781:
1826:" is a common salutation used in formal speeches and other public addresses, sometimes followed by "boys and girls".
1819:
states "You're no gentleman" on occasions when a lack of manners and respect toward her causes her to feel insulted.
981:, to be no "vagabond", but a gentleman. The inseparability of arms and gentility is shown by two of his characters:
2283:
1815:
1645:
1223:
964:
than his legs will bear, or as our proverb saith, now and then bear a bigger sail than his boat is able to sustain.
948:
and gentlemen, and reputed for a gentleman ever after. Which is so much the less to be disallowed of, for that the
816:
764:
31:
1064:
893:
2329:
1396:
with the official grant or recognition of coat-armour, that is a profitable fiction invented and upheld by the
978:
941:
616:
1623:
1488:
1068:
995:
838:
236:
2398:
2225:
2123:
1523:
1072:
774:
1483:(John of Stoke) in a 14th-century document becomes "John Stoke". In modern times, under the influence of
1495:
612:
45:
1336:
2354:
2086:
Origins of the English Gentleman: Heraldry, Chivalry and Gentility in Medieval England, C.1300-c.1500
1605:
913:
526:
195:
49:
38:
952:
doth lose nothing by it, the gentleman being so much subject to taxes and public payments as is the
1786:
1752:
1744:
1728:
1457:
1422:
1351:
1165:
was expected to protect the honor and property of both himself and his family members, acting as a
974:
905:
861:
843:
803:
165:
2248:
1972:
1967:
1519:
1158:
928:
after this manner in our times. Who soever studieth the laws of the realm, who so abideth in the
921:
147:
1810:
1071:
in Scotland. The suggestion is discredited by an examination, in England, of the records of the
1657:." In the 7th edition (1845) it still implies a definite social status: "All above the rank of
1232:, however, has suggested that this opinion is based on a wrong conception of the conditions of
2185:
2175:
2090:
2069:
1806:
1550:
1543:
1467:
The prefix "de" attached to some English names is in no sense "nobiliary". In Latin documents
1152:
664:
573:
218:
2167:
1732:
1280:
1162:
1076:
698:
643:
485:
349:
132:
2388:
2314:
1713:
1665:
1627:
1569:
1276:
757:
731:
650:
623:
542:
251:
155:
1851:
1739:. A very specific incarnation and possible origin of this practise existed until 1962 in
1604:
Such positions can occur in the household of a non-member of a ruling family, such as a
2367:
1677:
1418:
1320:
1229:
1173:
supposedly descended from the knights and Cavaliers of the Medieval and colonial eras.
1015:
857:
639:
402:
376:
337:
2204:
1139:(小人), "petty person" and "small person". As in English, in the Chinese usage the word
2382:
2131:
1994:
1794:
1363:
1358:
the premier gentleman of England, as the matter now stands, is "Robert Ercleswyke of
1218:
1212:
1176:
1170:
900:, do make noble and known." In that time, a gentleman usually was expected to have a
852:
691:
568:
304:
299:
294:
100:
2209:
2149:
1736:
1669:
1650:
1596:
1564:
1515:
1103:
1060:
933:
917:
901:
847:
397:
361:
309:
284:
279:
151:
115:
comprised the younger sons of the younger sons of peers, and the younger sons of a
2217:
2105:
1311:
and husbandmen (i.e. householders), a fair number who are classed as "gentilman".
1114:
included an hereditary elitism, which obliged the gentleman to act ethically, to:
2084:
2063:
1649:. In the 5th edition (1815), "a gentleman is one, who without any title, bears a
1191:
of honor feels humbled himself when he cannot help humbling others. As quoted by
2145:
1760:
1484:
1433:
1332:
1240:
724:
183:
131:); a right shared by the peerage and the gentry, the constituent classes of the
123:, and an esquire, in perpetual succession. As such, the connotation of the term
988:
Katharine: So may you lose your arms: If you strike me, you are no gentleman;
896:
said that "gentlemen be those whom their race and blood, or at the least their
2362:
1499:
1429:
957:
929:
717:
676:
657:
631:
316:
84:
72:
2189:
2140:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 604–606.
1063:
was vigorously advanced by certain 19th and 20th century heraldists, notably
2019:
1778:
in a provision referring to "conduct befitting an officer and a gentleman."
1681:
1284:
1099:
672:
459:
454:
444:
428:
263:
88:
62:(1630), by Richard Brathwait, shows the exemplary qualities of a gentleman.
1654:
2263:
1535:
1461:
1359:
1324:
1248:
1233:
1166:
937:
738:
710:
668:
547:
490:
469:
449:
439:
392:
387:
344:
321:
17:
1199:
Lee's conception is one of the better known expositions in favor of the
2324:
1989:
1977:
1740:
1701:
1685:
1531:
1453:
1381:
1366:
1288:
1272:
1264:
1011:
945:
925:
749:
745:
706:
683:
558:
521:
516:
407:
246:
164:
comprised the hereditary ruling class, which is whom the rebels of the
128:
116:
104:
1102:, the characteristics of a gentleman are based upon the principles of
1748:
1658:
1576:
1449:
1410:
1397:
1328:
1308:
1260:
961:
953:
949:
897:
753:
702:
537:
511:
495:
464:
366:
332:
120:
108:
198:
explained and discussed the concepts, particulars, and functions of
1236:
society and that it is wholly opposed to the documentary evidence.
2288:
1717:
1622:
1591:
1509:
1437:
1292:
1256:
1093:
611:
500:
480:
418:
54:
1801:, by Anonymous, with a tipped in Letter from J.P. Morgan (1836);
44:"English Gentleman" redirects here. For the Sutherland book, see
2344:
2339:
2298:
2293:
2273:
2268:
1539:
1252:
423:
371:
356:
274:
258:
2221:
2062:
Craven, Wayne (2003). "Thomas Jefferson, Gentleman Architect".
1456:. The process was hastened, moreover, by the corruption of the
920:
races yet remaining we now make none accompt, much less of the
190:
likewise speaks of "our English use of it" as convertible with
2334:
2319:
2278:
92:
1014:
were gentlemen, but not all gentlemen were armigers. Hence,
932:, giving his mind to his book, or professeth physic and the
2110:(2nd ed.). London: T.Hookham -- Simpkin and Marshall.
1951:
1949:
1947:
127:
captures the common denominator of gentility (and often a
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
146:(nobleman), which in Great Britain meant a member of the
1708:
the hospital, or pursuing a dream they have suppressed.
912:
Gentlemen whose ancestors are not known to come in with
2154:(1st ed.). London: William Stansby for Iohn Helme.
37:"Gentilhombre" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
986:
Petruchio: I swear I'll cuff you if you strike again.
2353:
2307:
2256:
1676:came in common use to signify not a distinction of
1716:or in an appropriate tone) may also be deliberate
1033:Shall think themselves accurs'd they were not here
1704:process, the "gentleman" becomes a "gentle-man".
1121:participate in the correct performance of ritual;
1751:for taking part in the game. By tradition, such
1035:And hold their manhoods cheap whilst any speaks
170:
1970:. “The Chivalric Tradition in the Old South.”
1491:still exists and its use is regulated by law.
1124:show filial piety and loyalty to whom due; and
2233:
1976:, vol. 108, no. 2, 2000, pp. 188–205. JSTOR,
782:
593:
8:
1037:That fought with us upon St. Crispin's Day.
871:in the antient sense, or as if it came from
622:
1613:Gentiluomo of the Archbishop of Westminster
1471:was the equivalent of the English "of", as
2240:
2226:
2218:
1428:The younger sons of noble families became
1187:will show the gentleman in a plain light.
1027:Shall be my brother: be he ne'er so vile,
977:himself was demonstrated, by the grant of
789:
775:
621:
600:
586:
213:
160:of France." In the 14th century, the term
1601:, "gentleman of the house of the prince"
1239:The most basic class distinctions in the
1025:For he today that sheds his blood with me
2007:
1955:
1885:
1388:1445); the first gentleman to enter the
1373:If any earlier claimant to the title of
1299:still only had the descriptive sense of
1192:
617:The coat of arms of William Shakespeare.
1835:
1583:... rendered as "gentleman-in-ordinary"
1432:in the cities, and there grew up a new
1307:, contains, besides knights, esquires,
1075:and, in Scotland, by a judgment of the
831:And take him for the gretest gentilman
225:
2172:Gentleman: A Timeless Guide to Fashion
2030:
1909:
1785:is a central concept in many books of
1743:, where a man playing the game was a "
1179:'s definition speaks only to conduct.
990:And if no gentleman, why then no arms.
944:, which is the title that men give to
827:Prive and apert, and most entendeth ay
2174:(3rd ed.). Köln: h. f. Ullmann.
138:Thus, the English social category of
7:
1978:http://www.jstor.org/stable/27548832
1897:
1844:"definition of gentleman in English"
1799:Fraternity: A Romance of Inspiration
1029:This day shall gentle his condition.
825:Loke who that is most vertuous alway
229:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
2104:Lawrence, Sir James Henry (1827) .
2020:Ootacamund Club history notes, 2011
1723:Another relatively recent usage of
1586:... as gentleman of the bed-chamber
892:In the 16th century, the clergyman
1672:came into their own, and the word
924:issue) do take their beginning in
829:To do the gentil dedes that he can
25:
2065:American Art: History and Culture
1680:, but a distinction of position,
1494:With the growth of trade and the
1295:. Even as late as 1400, the word
1031:And gentlemen in England now abed
168:(1381) meant when they repeated:
2203:
2115:
1776:Uniform Code of Military Justice
630:
377:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
235:
27:Title of address for a noble man
1990:"The Plantation & Chivalry"
1653:, or whose ancestors have been
1043:Superiority of the fighting man
1010:, pp. 170–177). Thus, all
836:In the French allegorical poem
1774:is used in the United States'
1055:A suggestion that a gentleman
172:When Adam delved and Eve span,
60:The Complete English Gentleman
1:
2208:The dictionary definition of
1081:Maclean of Ardgour v. Maclean
808:
111:; by definition, the rank of
103:of England, ranking below an
1404:Further decline of standards
362:Crown prince, Crown princess
79:, gentle + man; abbreviated
2083:Keen, Maurice Hugh (2002).
2057:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
1735:, gentleman architect, and
1691:In its best use, moreover,
1559:Gentleman of the bedchamber
174:Who was then the gentleman?
99:was the lowest rank of the
2415:
1210:
1150:
1118:morally cultivate himself;
1091:
1008:The High Court of Chivalry
142:corresponds to the French
43:
36:
32:Gentleman (disambiguation)
29:
1217:That a distinct order of
1201:Southern culture of honor
1065:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies
875:in that sense." The word
317:Grand duke, Grand duchess
200:social rank in a monarchy
48:. For the 2006 song, see
2249:English social honorific
1998:. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
1546:for young men) include:
914:William duke of Normandy
624:Feudal titles and status
178:In the 17th century, in
2137:Encyclopædia Britannica
2124:Phillips, Walter Alison
1980:. Accessed 12 May 2024.
1646:Encyclopædia Britannica
1632:Painting of a Gentleman
1599:de la casa del príncipe
1489:territorial designation
1247:, i.e., the tenants in
1224:Encyclopædia Britannica
1069:Thomas Innes of Learney
996:The Taming of the Shrew
839:The Romance of the Rose
817:The Wife of Bath's Tale
227:Imperial, royal, noble,
1755:were from the British
1747:" if he did not get a
1635:
1634:; India, 19th century.
1527:
1524:Elizabeth I of England
1444:A line between classes
1371:
1197:
1147:Southern United States
1073:High Court of Chivalry
1040:
1003:
966:
834:
619:
564:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
176:
63:
1854:on September 25, 2016
1626:
1513:
1496:Industrial Revolution
1356:
1181:
1092:Further information:
1022:
1020:, act IV, scene iii:
983:
910:
822:
615:
440:Viscount, Viscountess
388:Marquess, Marchioness
322:Archduke, Archduchess
264:High king, High queen
58:
46:The English Gentleman
1824:Ladies and gentlemen
1781:The use of the term
1606:prince of the church
1555:Gentleman-in-waiting
1417:applied to join the
1131:The opposite of the
1079:(per Lord Mackay in
450:Burgrave, Burgravine
393:Margrave, Margravine
210:Gentleman by conduct
196:James Henry Lawrence
186:said that the title
150:. English historian
50:An English Gentleman
39:Gentilhombre (horse)
30:For other uses, see
2394:Men's social titles
2010:, pp. 604–605.
1848:Oxford Dictionaries
1787:American Literature
1745:gentleman cricketer
1729:gentleman scientist
1506:Formal court titles
1423:Battle of Agincourt
1352:Battle of Agincourt
1127:cultivate humanity.
1106:, wherein the term
975:William Shakespeare
969:William Shakespeare
906:William Shakespeare
862:James II of England
844:Guillaume de Lorris
804:The Tale of Melibee
626:
517:Baronet, Baronetess
182:(1614), the jurist
2089:. Stroud: Tempus.
2049:Bradford, Gamaliel
1973:The Sewanee Review
1968:Genovese, Eugene D
1816:Gone with the Wind
1803:Gone with the Wind
1791:Adrift in New York
1668:did its work; the
1636:
1528:
1520:funeral procession
1159:Southern gentleman
620:
148:peerage of England
83:) is a term for a
64:
2376:
2375:
2168:Roetzel, Bernhard
2096:978-0-7524-2558-0
2075:978-0-07-141524-8
1807:Margaret Mitchell
1563:Gentleman of the
1551:Gentleman at Arms
1514:Gentlemen of the
1481:Johannes de Stoke
1283:, and the unfree
1243:were between the
1153:Southern chivalry
999:, Act II, Scene i
799:
798:
665:Lord of the manor
610:
609:
574:Lord of the Manor
538:Knight, Chevalier
16:(Redirected from
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2151:Titles of Honour
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1861:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1840:
1763:- as opposed to
1737:gentleman pirate
1733:gentleman farmer
1458:Heralds' College
1390:House of Commons
1348:Lord John Talbot
1163:Antebellum South
1077:Court of Session
1000:
979:his coat of arms
934:liberal sciences
894:William Harrison
888:William Harrison
813:
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791:
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732:Domestic servant
644:Territorial lord
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247:Emperor, Empress
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180:Titles of Honour
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133:British nobility
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2068:. McGraw-Hill.
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1984:
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1857:
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1842:
1841:
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1811:Scarlett O'Hara
1714:quotation marks
1666:Reform Act 1832
1628:Raja Ravi Varma
1621:
1570:Gentleman-usher
1508:
1464:into contempt.
1446:
1415:Lord Strickland
1406:
1317:
1228:same view. Sir
1215:
1209:
1167:chivalric ideal
1155:
1149:
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1067:in England and
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481:Baron, Baroness
419:Count, Countess
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2198:External links
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1579:, gentilhomme
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1419:Order of Malta
1405:
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1315:George Sitwell
1313:
1230:George Sitwell
1211:Main article:
1208:
1205:
1151:Main article:
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2214:at Wiktionary
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2181:9780841608931
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2013:
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2008:Phillips 1911
2004:
2001:
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1995:USHistory.org
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1969:
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1956:Phillips 1911
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1475:for "at" (so
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1220:
1219:landed gentry
1214:
1213:Landed gentry
1207:Landed gentry
1206:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:, p. 233
1194:
1193:Bradford 1912
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:Robert E. Lee
1174:
1172:
1171:planter class
1169:of the white
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973:In this way,
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101:landed gentry
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61:
57:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
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2150:
2146:Selden, John
2135:
2106:
2085:
2064:
2053:
2026:
2015:
2003:
1993:
1985:
1971:
1963:
1917:
1905:
1900:, p. 9.
1893:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1847:
1838:
1821:
1814:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1673:
1663:
1651:coat of arms
1644:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1619:Modern usage
1603:
1597:Gentilhombre
1595:
1589:
1574:
1565:Chapel Royal
1529:
1516:Chapel Royal
1493:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1427:
1407:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1357:
1345:
1340:
1318:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1271:such as the
1268:
1244:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1175:
1156:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1111:
1107:
1104:Confucianism
1097:
1088:Confucianism
1080:
1061:coat of arms
1056:
1054:
1046:
1024:
1016:
1007:
1004:
994:
985:
972:
916:(for of the
911:
902:coat of arms
891:
880:
876:
872:
868:
866:
851:
848:Jean de Meun
842:(ca. 1400),
837:
835:
824:
815:
802:
800:
687:
563:
398:Marcher lord
203:
191:
187:
179:
177:
171:
161:
156:
152:Maurice Keen
143:
139:
137:
129:coat of arms
124:
112:
107:and above a
96:
80:
76:
67:
66:
65:
59:
2031:Craven 2003
1910:Selden 1614
1761:aristocracy
1542:for women,
1530:At several
1485:romanticism
1434:aristocracy
1430:apprentices
1337:French wars
1333:Black Death
1305:Feudal Aids
1267:, the free
1241:Middle Ages
1050:court dress
812: 1386
725:Free tenant
184:John Selden
144:gentilhomme
77:gentilz hom
2383:Categories
1830:References
1500:Ootacamund
1477:de la Pole
1394:gentilesse
1287:including
1251:, such as
958:husbandman
930:university
718:Husbandman
677:Liege lord
658:Mesne lord
548:Druzhinnik
85:chivalrous
73:Old French
2308:Masculine
2211:gentleman
2190:501389868
2128:Gentleman
2126:(1911). "
1898:Keen 2002
1783:gentleman
1772:gentleman
1770:The term
1753:gentlemen
1725:gentleman
1693:gentleman
1682:education
1674:gentleman
1640:gentleman
1638:The word
1375:gentleman
1301:generosus
1297:gentleman
1285:peasantry
1281:franklins
1277:burgesses
1269:ignobiles
1100:East Asia
881:gentleman
869:Generosus
856:No. 207,
688:Gentleman
460:Advocatus
455:Landgrave
445:Castellan
429:Ealdorman
188:gentleman
162:gentlemen
140:gentleman
125:gentleman
113:gentleman
97:gentleman
89:courteous
68:Gentleman
18:Gentlemen
2284:Mistress
2264:Goodwife
2257:Feminine
2170:(2009).
2148:(1614).
2051:(1912).
1594:, e.g.,
1536:commoner
1532:monarchs
1462:heraldry
1360:Stafford
1341:generosi
1329:outlawry
1325:1 Hen. 5
1289:villeins
1273:citizens
1265:esquires
1249:chivalry
1234:medieval
1012:armigers
946:esquires
877:gentilis
739:Vagabond
711:Vavasour
699:Franklin
669:Overlord
491:Lendmann
470:Starosta
345:Princess
219:a series
217:Part of
206:(1827).
157:noblesse
2355:Neutral
2325:Esquire
2315:Goodman
2134:(ed.).
2042:Sources
1765:players
1741:cricket
1702:punning
1686:manners
1655:freemen
1518:at the
1454:Germany
1411:heralds
1398:heralds
1382:Margate
1367:Assizes
1350:at the
1261:knights
1245:nobiles
1161:of the
1137:Xiǎorén
1135:is the
1059:have a
1017:Henry V
962:buskins
926:England
922:British
898:virtues
750:Villein
707:Retinue
684:Esquire
559:Esquire
522:Fidalgo
408:Voivode
350:consort
338:consort
305:dowager
300:consort
295:regnant
285:dowager
280:consort
252:dowager
192:nobilis
117:baronet
105:esquire
2389:Gentry
2330:Master
2251:titles
2188:
2178:
2130:". In
2120:
2093:
2072:
1858:23 May
1757:gentry
1749:salary
1698:gentle
1659:yeomen
1577:France
1450:France
1384:(died
1309:yeomen
1279:, and
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954:yeoman
950:prince
942:master
873:Genii/
853:Tatler
758:Cottar
754:Bordar
703:Yeoman
527:Nobile
512:Ritter
496:Primor
465:Vidame
367:Herzog
333:Prince
310:mother
291:Queen
121:knight
109:yeoman
2289:Madam
1805:, by
1793:, by
1718:irony
1678:blood
1592:Spain
1473:de la
1438:trade
1386:circa
1293:serfs
1253:earls
1141:small
1133:Jūnzǐ
1112:Jūnzǐ
1108:Jūnzǐ
1094:Junzi
918:Saxon
765:Slave
501:Boyar
486:Thane
81:gent.
2345:Lord
2340:Sire
2299:Lady
2294:Dame
2274:Miss
2186:OCLC
2176:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2070:ISBN
1860:2017
1684:and
1664:The
1544:Page
1540:Lady
1319:Sir
1291:and
1275:and
1157:The
1057:must
938:arms
846:and
746:Serf
673:Vogt
424:Earl
372:Jarl
275:King
119:, a
2335:Sir
2269:Mrs
1813:in
1797:; "
1759:or
1590:In
1575:In
1522:of
1452:or
1436:of
1098:In
956:or
801:In
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2368:Dr
2363:Mx
2320:Mr
2279:Ms
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1926:^
1868:^
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