760:: "...As to the nethinim, however, let them be summoned and we shall pacify them. Immediately the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them … 'What shall I do for you? and wherewith should I make atonement, that ye may bless the inheritance of the Lord'? And the Gibeonites said to him: 'It is no matter of silver or gold between us and Saul, or his house,' neither is it for us any man etc. … Let seven men of his sons be delivered unto us and we will hang them up unto the Lord etc.' He tried to pacify them but they would not be pacified. Thereupon he said to them: This nation is distinguished by three characteristics: They are merciful, bashful and benevolent. 'Merciful', for it is written, And shew thee mercy, and have compassion upon thee, and multiply thee. 'Bashful', for it is written, That His fear may be before you. 'Benevolent', for it is written, That he may command his children and his household etc. Only he who cultivates these three characteristics is fit to join this nation. But the king took the two sons of Rizpah the daughter of Aiah, whom she bore into Saul, Armoni and Mephibosheth; and the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she bore to Adriel the son of Barzillai the Meholathite. Why just these? — R. Huna replied: They were made to pass before the Holy Ark. He whom the Ark retained to death and he whom the Ark did not retain was saved alive.
764:
favouritism is involved!, — The fact, however, is that he invoked divine mercy that the Ark should not retain him. But, surely, it is written, The fathers shall not be pit to death for the children etc.! — R. Hiyya b. Abba replied in the name of R. Johanan: It is better that a letter be rooted out of the Torah than that the Divine name shall be publicly profaned. And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on then by day, nor the beast of the field by night. But, surely, it is written, His body shall not remain all night upon the tree! — R. Johanan replied in the name of R. Simeon b. Jehozadak: It is proper that a letter be rooted out of the Torah so that thereby the heavenly name shall be publicly hallowed. For passers-by were enquiring, 'What kind of men are these?' — 'These are royal princes' — 'And what have they done?' — 'They laid their hands upon unattached strangers' — Then they exclaimed: 'There is no nation in existence which one ought to join as much as this one. If royal princes was so great. how much more that of common people; and if such unattached proselytes, how much more so for
Israelites
334:
86:
722:... went to Gibeon to sacrifice there; for that was the great high place; a thousand burnt offerings did Solomon offer upon that altar") confirms its existence and speaks out against it. These four verses, though, were more likely conceived by the Chronicler, ... is at pains to portray an uninterrupted and legitimate (sacrificial) cult spanning the entire period from the desert era (with its tabernacle), including the LORD's residence at Gibeon, right up to Solomon's establishment of the
79:
1142:
859:
1067:
768:
Israel did
Solomon make no bondservants. But that might have represented mere public service! — however, from the following: And Solomon numbered all the strangers that were in the Land of Israel, etc. And they were found a hundred and fifty thousand etc. And he set threescore and ten thousand of them to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand to be hewers in the mountains.
1092:
1109:
2360:
2281:
602:(1 Samuel 22:6–19). The culpability of Saul's family in the genocide could also imply that it wasn't a singular event. David asked the surviving Gibeonites what he could offer to make amends. In retribution, they asked for seven of Saul's male descendants to be given to them to kill, seven signalling the sign of completion. David handed over
66:
1050:. It is probable that there was a defensive wall, but this has not yet been found. Tombs cut into the rock on the east site of the hill contained EB jars and bowls, formed first by hand and then finished on a slow wheel. The Early Bronze city was destroyed by fire, but no date has been determined for this destruction.
1965:
The el-Jib = Gibeon equation, first suggested by VON TROILO in 1666 and later adopted by POCOCKE (1738), ROBINSON (1838), ALBRIGHT (1924), ABEL (1934), and others, was strongly contested during the thirty years before the discovery of the jar handles, principally on the basis of information preserved
763:
R. Hana b. Kattina raised an objection: But the king spared
Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan the son of Saul! — He did not allow him to pass. Was there favouritism then! — In fact he did let him pass and it retained him, but he invoked on his behalf divine mercy and it released him. But here, too,
1149:
The flat and fertile land with many springs which surrounds it gave rise to a flourishing economy, attested to in the large number of ancient jars and wine cellars discovered there. The jars could hold 45 litres of wine each and 66 wine cellars two meters deep and dug out of rock have been unearthed
1124:
just inside the wall. In a first phase it was cut with a diameter of 11.8 m to a depth of 10.8 m, with a spiral staircase of 79 steps cut into the walls of the pool, and in a second phase a tunnel was added that continues downwards to a water chamber 24 m below the level of the city. It is possible,
767:
A hundred and fifty thousand men immediately joined Israel; as it is said, And
Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bore burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the mountain. Might not these have been Israelites? — This cannot be assumed, for it is written, But of the children of
713:
suggests that worship before the tabernacle at Gibeon continued alongside worship in
Jerusalem after David brought the Ark of the Covenant back there, although "nothing ... is said of this in the Books of Samuel". Theologian Hans-Peter Mathys notes, "no other OT book mentions a regular (sacrificial)
771:
Was it David, however, who issued the decree of prohibition against the nethinim? Moses, surely, issued that decree, for it is written, from the hewer of thy wood to the drawer of thy water! — Moses issued a decree against that generation only while David issued a decree against all generations.
1153:
In the 8th and 7th century BCE there was a considerable wine industry there; cellars with room for 95,000 liters of wine have been found. Impressive among these finds are sixty-three wine cellars. Hebrew inscriptions of גבען (GBʻN) on the handles of wine storage jars, most of which were excavated
1082:
and
Cypriote pottery. It would appear that some, at least, of these tombs had been cut during earlier periods and were being reused. Pritchard suggested that somewhere in an area not touched by his four-year dig, remains of the Bronze Age "great city" from the Book of Joshua might still be found.
775:
But Joshua, in fact, issued the decree against them, for it is written, And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the Lord! — Joshua made his decree for the period during which the
Sanctuary was in existence while David made his
585:
and his restoration to the throne, the kingdom of Israel was visited by a three-year drought, which led David to ask God what was wrong. The drought was then revealed to be divine judgement against King Saul's decision to completely exterminate the
Gibeonites
458:. The Gibeonites appealed to Joshua, who led the subsequent victory over the Amorites amid miraculous circumstances, including deadly hailstones and the suspension of the movement of the Sun and Moon, until the Amorites were completely defeated (
829:, the offspring of illicit unions, and were prohibited from marrying Israellites of good standing, though intermarriage between the last four classes, which included freed slaves, was permitted. A child of such illicit unions was defined as a
702:(Xerxes). Nehemiah further records that those returnees were the very descendants of the people who had formerly resided in the town before their banishment from the country, who had all returned to live in their former places of residence.
1133:. Later in the Iron Age, another tunnel of 93 steps was constructed to a better water source below the city starting from a point near the pool. A second access point to this source from the base of the hill is still in use today.
809:). At the time of Nehemiah and Ezra, they were fully integrated into the Judean community, and were signatories to the former's covenant. Several centuries later, their status had declined rapidly. In the 10 genealogical classes (
398:
realised that he had been deceived. He kept the letter of his covenant with the
Gibeonites, however, to let them live in exchange for their servitude: they were assigned as woodcutters and water carriers and condemned (or
1099:
Gibeon flourished during the late Iron Age II, when the city had large fortifications, a large wine industry and an advanced water system. To the east of the tell, a lavish cemetery of the same period was discovered.
1737:
Deut. XXIX, 10. Since these were specially singled out they obviously did not form a part of the congregation of Israel, while their services were exactly those which were peculiar to the nethinim or the
849:
only applied for a certain number of generations or did not apply at all to their daughters, the ban on marriage with
Mamzerim and Nethinim was deemed "perpetual and applies both to males and females".
2719:
2411:
382:), the Israelites were commanded to destroy all non-Israelite Canaanites in the land. The Gibeonites presented themselves as ambassadors from a distant, powerful land. Without consulting God (
2739:
1885:
An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II
1158:. Pritchard published articles on their production of wine, the Hebrew inscriptions, the rock-cut wine cellars, and the well engineered water conduits that supplied the city water.
1074:
No trace of a Late Bronze age city has been found. Only seven tombs are known from the period, but they nevertheless point to a degree of sophistication, as they contained imported
2744:
546:). His anger at the Gibeonites was not personal hatred, but was induced by zeal for the welfare of the Israelites. Following Saul's death, fighting between the soldiers of
1040:(EB, c. 3300– 2000 BCE), for the excavators discovered 14 EB storage jars beneath the foundations of the Iron Age wall. Other EB remains were discovered at the top of the
333:
2404:
598:. This event is not itself recorded in the biblical narrative, although Gill refers to a Jewish tradition linking this slaughter to the slaughter of the priests at
2729:
390:
or peace treaty with the Gibeonites. The Israelites soon found out that the Gibeonites were actually their neighbors—living within three days' walk of them (
2208:
801:. The men of Gibeon, with Melatiah the Gibeonite at their head, repaired a piece of the wall of Jerusalem near the old gate on the west side of the city (
2397:
2724:
739:
1647:
Neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers (Deut. XXIV, 16). Why then were Saul's descendants made to suffer for the sin of Saul?
78:
2320:
2270:
2242:
2079:
1958:
1515:
127:
950:
2125:
2036:
1442:
1390:: "For indeed where do we find that Saul slew the Gibeonites? It must therefore be because he slew Nob, the city of the priests".
1205:
nation, and that their village was located about 4 milestones to the west of Bethel, near Ramah. The 10th-century lexicographer,
1166:
From the 6th to the beginning of the 1st century BCE, there is scant evidence of occupation. Potsherds and coinage from the Late
1012:
1058:
Permanent settlements in Gibeon appeared in Middle Bronze Age I-II. Many jar handles were stamped with the word gb ̨n(Gibeon).
923:
915:
910:
909:
889:
878:
877:
2749:
917:
913:
883:
881:
418:
In retaliation for allying with the Israelites, the city was later besieged by a coalition of five other Amorite kings led by
2714:
2566:
2162:
1889:
1316:
920:
886:
1020:
added weight to this identification. The remains of Gibeon were excavated in six expeditions from 1956 to 1962, led by the
2424:
2206:
Binyamin Har-Even, "Khirbet el-Jafir (West) – A Rural Settlement of the Second Temple Period in the El-Jib Highland", in:
970:
The earliest known mention of Gibeon in an extra-biblical source is in a list of cities on the wall of the Amun temple at
789:, are treated differently from ordinary Jews. They may not, for example, marry a Jew by birth. However, a Natin may marry
2195:
The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary of the Bible known as Kitab Jami al-Alfaz (Agron) of David ben Abraham Al-Fasi, the Karaite
1933:
The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary of the Bible known as Kitab Jami al-Alfaz (Agron) of David ben Abraham Al-Fasi, the Karaite
1154:
from a large pool matching the biblical description, made the identification of Gibeon secure and a landmark product of
2026:
735:
1130:
666:
2759:
2754:
2373:
1021:
2734:
2234:
1284:
1206:
1007:
987:
650:
474:, ancient Gibeon is described as "a large city, like one of the royal cities" located in the tribal territory of
1719:
Not the labour of slaves. perhaps a corruption of the Persian 'day labourer'. Cf. Golds. a.l. and Jast. s.v. .
459:
383:
1908:
Gibeon and Israel: The Role of Gibeon and the Gibeonites in the Political and Religious History of Early Israel
404:
1489:
2383:
2312:
2296:
1175:
603:
498:
379:
31:
2561:
1197:
1182:' reigns, were discovered at the site. During the Roman period there was considerable building, including
1121:
672:
517:
408:
248:
375:
1075:
270:
542:
pursued the Gibeonites and sought to kill them off "in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah" (
1241:
1222:
1192:
1155:
939:
695:
2480:
2420:
1893:
1338:
619:
509:
387:
371:
2015:"The Biblical World. A dictionary of Biblical Archaeology", ed. Charles F. Pfeiffer, art. "Gibeon"
1469:
2579:
2433:
Sites involved in the 13th–11th century BCE archaeological phenomenon of the Israelite Settlement
2364:
2339:
2061:
1656:
Which would have been the case had the crime against the Gibeonites been allowed to go unpunished
1167:
1042:
1025:
1017:
994:
with the ancient city Gibeon, which view was corroborated also by the Hebrew Lexicon compiled by
494:
323:
311:
216:
175:
2496:
756:
In regard to the Gibeonites and the killing of seven descendants of King Saul: According to the
2316:
2306:
2266:
2252:
2238:
2228:
2168:
2158:
2131:
2121:
2085:
2075:
2032:
1954:
1511:
1438:
1312:
1171:
1079:
757:
723:
623:
525:
2256:
2642:
2180:
1946:
1620:
Ibid. 7. Had the selection been made by the Ark, what need was there for David to spare him?
1226:
1037:
995:
946:
780:
691:
1189:
Gibeon was possibly a dependency of Jerusalem, and was probably not fortified at the time.
614:(Saul's daughter) to the Gibeonites, who hanged them. He saved Jonathan's son, also called
2377:
2149:
1493:
1430:
1367:
1047:
578:
236:
1883:
2287:
1387:
1379:
714:
cult in Gibeon. Its historical authenticity is sometimes supported by the argument that
2575:
2291:
2113:
1141:
1126:
555:
483:
471:
259:
2120:. Translated by G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville. Jerusalem: Carta. p. 41 (s.v. Gabaon).
1990:, article "Gibeon", Israel Exploration Society & Carta (1993), Vol 2, pp. 511-514.
2708:
2647:
2179:(original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography',
1280:
1214:
1201:, mentions Gibeon (Gabaon) as formerly being inhabited by the Gibeonites, who were a
1179:
1006:
city of Gibeon was made by Frantz Ferdinand von Troilo in 1666, and later adopted by
842:
595:
455:
367:
2389:
1866:
1232:
At a nearby ruin, built on the southern slope of a ridge at the western side of the
2616:
2262:
1868:
Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 5
699:
615:
179:
1683:
lit., 'dragged in'; proselytes who have not been admitted into the congregation, .
1593:
To be benevolent, lit. 'to practise charity' (E.V. righteousness) Gen. XVIII. 19.
1120:, a massive wall was constructed around the crown of the hill and a huge pool was
858:
1306:
2657:
2585:
2547:
2439:
New settlements at previously unoccupied sites in late 13th/early 12th centuries
1849:
1237:
676:
599:
563:
391:
42:
2330:
Poppers, H. L. (July 1958). "The Declassé in the Babylonian Jewish Community".
1218:
1066:
806:
710:
662:
571:
567:
529:
2089:
1457:
1410:
1399:
1383:
1268:
975:
802:
715:
654:
646:
631:
587:
543:
535:
521:
513:
487:
479:
419:
355:
303:
295:
167:
2135:
2118:
Palestine in the Fourth Century A.D.: The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea
1370:, note at 2 Samuel 21:2: "The account of these events has not been preserved"
742:, camped in Gibeon while en route to Jerusalem and again during his retreat.
142:
129:
2683:
2673:
2652:
2626:
2500:
2455:
2445:
2071:
1091:
983:
642:
641:
met with all of the kingdom of Israel's leaders at Gibeon and offered 1,000
502:
423:
319:
291:
287:
193:
115:
2230:
Rebuilding the House of Israel: Architectures of Gender in Jewish Antiquity
2172:
1638:
If he who was retained was released another would have to die in his place!
1108:
2359:
1508:
For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE
17:
2491:
1422:
1117:
979:
846:
834:
826:
591:
475:
307:
171:
2370:
1046:, but the stratigraphy had been destroyed by British gunfire during the
2693:
2688:
2632:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2513:
2509:
2472:
2450:
2343:
1774:
1249:
814:
719:
698:
and who helped to construct the walls of Jerusalem during the reign of
683:
638:
582:
447:
439:
351:
299:
2065:
694:
as one of the towns resettled by the Jewish exiles returning from the
2621:
2611:
2606:
2589:
2461:
1308:
Gibeon, Where the Sun Stood Still: The Discovery of the Biblical City
1245:
1202:
1183:
1003:
991:
971:
791:
776:
decree for the time during which the Sanctuary was not in existence.
658:
443:
431:
395:
363:
359:
338:
315:
283:
275:
189:
105:
38:
1486:
833:. Whereas the Biblical prohibitions against intermarriage with the
366:
and the Israelites into making a treaty with them. According to the
2286:
Executive Committee of the Editorial Board; Jacobs, Joseph (1905).
1988:
The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land
1311:. Princeton paperbacks. Vol. 304. Princeton University Press.
310:. The remains of Gibeon are located in the southern portion of the
2678:
2637:
2467:
1140:
1107:
1090:
1065:
857:
838:
797:
785:
751:
687:
627:
611:
559:
551:
451:
435:
427:
332:
65:
2386:, blog with photos and video (5 April 2018). Accessed March 2021.
1382:
on 2 Samuel, accessed 18 August 2017, quoting Babylonian Talmud:
607:
547:
539:
412:
2393:
2258:
The Significance of Yavneh and Other Essays in Jewish Hellenism
341:
showing the well (marked Ain), cisterns (marked Cis), and Caves
298:, the pre-Israelite-conquest inhabitants, the Gibeonites, were
2527:
New settlements at long deserted sites in 12th/11th centuries
1248:
with three descending staircases and an industrial zone with
501:
is mentioned as the "father of Gibeon" and is an ancestor of
263:
2157:(2 ed.). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. p. 435.
1850:
Executive Committee of the Editorial Board & Jacobs 1905
1433:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications. p. 236 (
2002:
J. B. Pritchard, Culture and History, in J. P. Hyatt (ed.)
1217:) with the ancient city Gibeon, which view was accepted by
2300:. Vol. 9. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 233.
590:), in his "zeal for Israel and Judah". The blame for this
2067:
Hasmonean realities behind Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles
1002:"). The first identification of al-Jib with the ancient
974:, celebrating the invasion of Israel by Egyptian Pharaoh
1225:
and described as such in the Hebrew Lexicon compiled by
1229:, and proved by Hebrew inscriptions unearthed in 1956.
805:), while the Nethinim dwelt at Ophel on the east side (
1785:
1783:
783:, the alleged descendants of the Gibeonites, known as
27:
Ancient city north of Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible
2720:
Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
1765:
As it was specifically stated, For the altar (ibid.).
653:). On this occasion, God appeared to him in a dream (
411:
suggests that this curse was a particular example of
2209:
Summaries (Part One): Bible, History and Archaeology
901:
869:
581:. Much later, after the death of his rebellious son
253:
2666:
2599:
2526:
2438:
222:
212:
204:
199:
185:
163:
158:
121:
111:
101:
1125:but cannot be proven, that this structure is the "
2740:Former populated places in the State of Palestine
1510:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 537.
1281:Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on Joshua 9
2667:Not destroyed in late 13th/early 12th centuries
637:On his accession to kingship, King David's son
618:, from this peril because of his covenant with
1998:
1996:
1860:
1858:
1470:Cambridge Bible for Schools on 1 Chronicles 13
512:by the Philistines, the remaining part of the
2405:
2154:The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography
1947:"Gibeon's History in the Light of Excavation"
1935:(New Haven: Yale 1936), 'Introd.' p. xxxviii.
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
85:
8:
48:
2600:Destroyed in late 13th/early 12th centuries
2197:(New Haven: Yale 1936), introd. p. xxxviii.
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
821:(people of whose paternity is unknown) and
362:people of Gibeon sent ambassadors to trick
2745:Bronze Age sites in the State of Palestine
2412:
2398:
2390:
1244:dwelling, in which were found a plastered
905:
873:
64:
47:
1953:. Vetus Testamentum, Supplements. Brill.
1910:(Cambridge University Press, 1972), p. 3.
1825:
1801:
1485:in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001),
1261:
1813:
1710:The labour spoken of in I Kings V, 29.
1611:All the surviving descendants of Saul.
1236:highland, archaeologists discovered a
2730:Archaeological sites in the West Bank
1837:
1789:
1380:Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
682:After the exile of the Israelites to
7:
2006:(Abingdon Press, 1965), pp. 313-324.
1078:and local potters attempted to copy
558:(2 Samuel 2:12). In this area, King
1629:To avoid the risk of being retained
1145:Rock-cut 2 meter deep wine cellars
403:) to work forever in these trades (
240:
982:placed Gibeon at 40 furlongs from
577:David then became the king of the
25:
1305:Pritchard, James Bennett (1962).
986:. The 10th-century lexicographer
386:), the Israelites entered into a
290:city, which was located north of
2384:Visiting Tel Gibeon Water system
2358:
2279:
1013:Biblical Researches in Palestine
84:
77:
2725:1956 archaeological discoveries
2028:Fifty Major Cities of the Bible
2004:The Bible in Modern Scholarship
1966:in the Onomasticon of Eusebius.
738:, the Roman governor of Syria,
734:During the early phases of the
1530:Babylonian Talmud: Yebamoth 79
1283:, accessed 26 March 2017; cf.
1:
2051:Pritchard (1962), pp. 157-158
1104:Wall, pool, and spring tunnel
690:. Gibeon is mentioned in the
508:Following the capture of the
1945:Pritchard, James B. (2015).
1882:Wallis Budge, E. A. (1920).
1506:Rogers, Guy MacLean (2021).
276:
2308:Jewish Slavery in Antiquity
1951:Congress Volume Oxford 1959
1487:The Oxford Bible Commentary
1472:, accessed 22 February 2020
254:
2776:
2305:Hezser, Catherine (2005).
2227:Baker, Cynthia M. (2002).
1112:The spring water at Gibeon
1036:Gibeon was founded in the
1022:University of Pennsylvania
749:
264:
93:Shown within the West Bank
36:
29:
2431:
2235:Stanford University Press
1207:David ben Abraham al-Fasi
1016:. Later discovery of the
988:David ben Abraham al-Fasi
825:(foundlings) but beneath
350:After the destruction of
241:
72:
63:
55:
53:
2371:Gibeon (BiblePlaces.com)
1865:Gauthier, Henri (1928).
817:, they are ranked above
37:Not to be confused with
2313:Oxford University Press
2297:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2102:Brooks, 2005, p. 93-94.
2025:Laughlin, John (2007).
1920:Antiquities of the Jews
1539:Pl. of nathin. V. Glos.
1427:Josephus Complete Works
951:3rd Intermediate Period
675:, came from this city (
604:Armoni and Mephibosheth
143:31.847451°N 35.183351°E
2750:Iron Age sites in Asia
2294:; et al. (eds.).
1468:Barnes, W. E. (1899),
1223:historical geographers
1146:
1122:cut in the living rock
1113:
1096:
1071:
998:and Frants Buhl ("now
863:
736:First Jewish–Roman War
673:Hananiah, son of Azzur
630:was also killed here (
594:is also attributed to
554:took place beside the
342:
2715:Gibeon (ancient city)
2332:Jewish Social Studies
1144:
1111:
1094:
1069:
861:
686:, Gibeon belonged to
610:and the five sons of
606:, two of the sons of
482:). It was given as a
336:
205:Excavation dates
2425:Israelite settlement
2367:at Wikimedia Commons
2112:Chapmann III, R.L.;
1816:, pp. 109, 137.
1557:II Sam. XXI, 2-4, 6.
1339:1 Chronicles 9:35–39
1242:Second Temple period
1186:and water conduits.
1156:biblical archaeology
696:Babylonian captivity
538:indicates that King
415:'s curse on Canaan.
148:31.847451; 35.183351
30:For other uses, see
2481:Khirbet el-Mastarah
2183:, Jerusalem (1962))
2062:Finkelstein, Israel
1804:, pp. 154–155.
1174:periods, dating to
1162:Classical antiquity
813:) set forth in the
667:2 Chronicles 1:7–12
510:Ark of the Covenant
372:book of Deuteronomy
139: /
50:
2477:Khirbet ed-Dawwara
2376:2015-10-08 at the
2253:Cohen, Shaye J. D.
1728:II Chron. II, 16f.
1492:2017-11-22 at the
1483:1 and 2 Chronicles
1147:
1114:
1097:
1072:
1026:James B. Pritchard
1018:Al Jib jar handles
955:(1069–664 BC)
864:
862:The Pool of Gibeon
711:1 Chronicles 16:39
657:) and granted him
572:1 Chronicles 14:16
530:1 Chronicles 21:29
495:Book of Chronicles
343:
217:James B. Pritchard
176:Hellenistic Period
2760:Tribe of Benjamin
2755:13 Kohanic cities
2702:
2701:
2510:Tell es-Sa'idiyeh
2488:Khirbet Ibn Nasir
2380:includes pictures
2363:Media related to
2322:978-0-199-28086-5
2272:978-3-161-50375-7
2244:978-0-804-74029-6
2081:978-0-88414-307-9
1960:978-90-04-27530-0
1517:978-0-300-24813-5
1116:During the early
1054:Middle Bronze Age
968:
967:
956:
931:
930:
927:
926:
897:
896:
893:
892:
758:Babylonian Talmud
273:
252:
230:
229:
16:(Redirected from
2767:
2735:Canaanite cities
2643:Tell Beit Mirsim
2558:Khirbet Marjameh
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2362:
2347:
2326:
2301:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2248:
2213:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2181:Bialik Institute
2177:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1986:E. Stern (ed.),
1984:
1969:
1968:
1942:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1906:J. Blenkinsopp,
1904:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1853:
1847:
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1835:
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1823:
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1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1665:II Sam. XXI, 10.
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1429:. Translated by
1419:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1302:
1287:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1227:Wilhelm Gesenius
1038:Early Bronze Age
1032:Early Bronze Age
996:Wilhelm Gesenius
954:
906:
902:
874:
870:
866:
865:
781:Rabbinic Judaism
692:Book of Nehemiah
651:2 Chronicles 1:6
329:Biblical account
318:in the occupied
281:
269:
267:
266:
257:
247:
245:
243:
154:
153:
151:
150:
149:
144:
140:
137:
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135:
132:
88:
87:
81:
68:
57:
51:
21:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2662:
2595:
2522:
2497:Tel Be'er Sheva
2485:Khirbet Ghuraba
2434:
2427:
2418:
2378:Wayback Machine
2355:
2350:
2329:
2323:
2304:
2292:Singer, Isidore
2285:
2280:
2273:
2251:
2245:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2193:Solomon Skoss,
2192:
2188:
2165:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2128:
2116:, eds. (2003).
2111:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2082:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1972:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:Solomon Skoss,
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1901:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:Of his own time
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:II Sam. XXI, 8.
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:Deut. XIII, 18.
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1494:Wayback Machine
1481:Mathys, H. P.,
1480:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1431:William Whiston
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1368:Jerusalem Bible
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1290:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1164:
1139:
1106:
1089:
1070:oil press cave
1064:
1062:Late Bronze Age
1056:
1048:First World War
1034:
1010:in 1838 in his
1008:Edward Robinson
978:(945–924 BCE).
953:
937:
916:
914:
882:
856:
754:
748:
732:
726:in Jerusalem."
708:
643:burnt offerings
624:2 Samuel 21:1–9
579:United Monarchy
526:1 Samuel 4:1–22
516:was moved from
468:
348:
331:
302:; according to
294:. According to
147:
145:
141:
138:
133:
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125:
97:
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35:
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15:
12:
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5:
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2655:
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2630:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2583:
2576:Tell en-Nasbeh
2573:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
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2507:
2504:
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2470:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2368:
2354:
2353:External links
2351:
2349:
2348:
2338:(3): 153–179.
2327:
2321:
2302:
2277:
2271:
2249:
2243:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2199:
2186:
2163:
2141:
2126:
2104:
2095:
2080:
2074:. p. 32.
2053:
2044:
2037:
2017:
2008:
1992:
1970:
1959:
1937:
1924:
1912:
1899:
1874:
1871:. p. 169.
1854:
1852:, p. 233.
1842:
1840:, p. 207.
1830:
1828:, p. 155.
1818:
1806:
1794:
1779:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1674:Deut. XXI, 23.
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
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1532:
1523:
1516:
1498:
1474:
1461:
1450:
1443:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1372:
1360:
1358:Num. Rashi 8:4
1351:
1342:
1331:
1317:
1288:
1285:Genesis 9:3–27
1273:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1163:
1160:
1138:
1135:
1127:pool of Gibeon
1105:
1102:
1088:
1085:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1033:
1030:
1024:archaeologist
966:
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:
943:
942:
933:
932:
929:
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925:
924:
921:
918:
911:
895:
894:
891:
890:
887:
884:
879:
855:
852:
750:Main article:
747:
744:
740:Cestius Gallus
731:
728:
707:
704:
562:conquered the
556:Pool of Gibeon
520:to the "great
484:Levitical city
472:Book of Joshua
467:
466:Israelite city
464:
460:Joshua 10:1–15
407:). Theologian
347:
346:Canaanite city
344:
337:A 1880 map of
330:
327:
228:
227:
224:
220:
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214:
213:Archaeologists
210:
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2557:
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2549:
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2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
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2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:Tell el-Ful (
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
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2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2212:, pp. 27 - 28
2211:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:965-220-500-1
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2038:9780203087657
2034:
2031:. Routledge.
2030:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1792:, p. 95.
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1692:I Kings V, 29
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
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1635:
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1590:
1587:
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1542:
1536:
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1524:
1519:
1513:
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1491:
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1484:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1444:0-8254-2951-X
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1349:2 Samuel 21:2
1346:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:and by other
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:stepped baths
1181:
1180:John Hyrcanus
1177:
1176:Antiochus III
1173:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1143:
1137:Wine industry
1136:
1134:
1132:
1131:2 Samuel 2:13
1128:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:Cypriote ware
1068:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:, identified
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
964:
963:
960:
959:
952:
948:
945:
944:
941:
935:
934:
922:
919:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
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888:
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880:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
860:
853:
851:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Nehemiah 3:26
804:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
759:
753:
746:In Jewish law
745:
743:
741:
737:
730:Later history
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
677:Jeremiah 28:1
674:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
632:2 Samuel 20:8
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Saul's family
593:
589:
588:2 Samuel 21:1
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
568:2 Samuel 5:25
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:and those of
549:
545:
544:2 Samuel 21:5
541:
537:
536:2 Samuel 21:2
533:
531:
527:
524:" in Gibeon (
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
493:In the first
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:, along with
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
405:Joshua 9:3–27
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
345:
340:
335:
328:
326:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:2 Samuel 21:2
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:and later an
285:
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117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
80:
71:
67:
62:
52:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2617:Beit Shemesh
2553:
2519:Tell Radanna
2456:Izbet Sartah
2335:
2331:
2307:
2295:
2263:Mohr Siebeck
2257:
2229:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2178:
2156:
2153:
2144:
2117:
2114:Taylor, J.E.
2107:
2098:
2066:
2056:
2047:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1987:
1964:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1902:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1845:
1833:
1826:Poppers 1958
1821:
1809:
1802:Poppers 1958
1797:
1770:
1761:
1756:Josh. IX, 27
1752:
1743:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1701:Ibid. IX. 22
1697:
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1535:
1526:
1507:
1501:
1482:
1477:
1464:
1458:Nehemiah 7:6
1453:
1434:
1426:
1417:
1411:Nehemiah 3:7
1406:
1400:Nehemiah 3:7
1395:
1375:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1307:
1276:
1264:
1233:
1231:
1210:
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1152:
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1115:
1098:
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1041:
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969:
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830:
822:
818:
810:
803:Nehemiah 3:7
796:
790:
784:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
733:
709:
706:Significance
700:Artaxerxes I
681:
671:
663:1 Kings 3:12
636:
616:Mephibosheth
576:
534:
507:
492:
488:Joshua 21:17
480:Joshua 18:25
469:
417:
400:
349:
322:area called
306:, they were
296:Joshua 11:19
277:
232:
231:
180:Roman Period
2658:Tel Megiddo
2586:Tel Rumeida
2150:Aharoni, Y.
1890:John Murray
1814:Hezser 2005
1435:Antiquities
1388:fol. 119. 1
1271:, 6th cent.
1246:ritual bath
1238:Hellenistic
1219:Frants Buhl
1209:identified
1198:Onomasticon
1168:Hellenistic
1095:Gibeon well
940:hieroglyphs
854:Archaeology
716:1 Kings 3:3
655:1 Kings 3:5
647:1 Kings 3:4
564:Philistines
392:Joshua 9:17
384:Joshua 9:14
314:village of
312:Palestinian
146: /
122:Coordinates
43:Geba (city)
2709:Categories
2569:(Kinneret)
2567:Tel Kinrot
2288:"Nethinim"
2164:0664242669
2090:1081371337
1892:. p.
1838:Baker 2002
1790:Cohen 2010
1738:Gibeonites
1584:Ex. XX, 17
1437:11.5.7.).
1384:Bava Kamma
1318:069100210X
1269:Madaba Map
1256:References
1250:lime kilns
976:Shoshenq I
522:high place
514:Tabernacle
422:, king of
420:Adonizedek
376:Deut 7:1–2
200:Site notes
168:Bronze Age
134:35°11′00″E
131:31°50′51″N
18:Gibeonites
2684:Jerusalem
2674:Beth-shan
2653:Tel Hazor
2648:Tel 'Eton
2629:(Succoth)
2627:Deir Alla
2572:Tel Masos
2506:Tel Esdar
2501:Beersheba
2446:Bull Site
2136:937002750
2072:SBL Press
1195:, in his
1172:Hasmonean
1080:Mycenaean
1004:Canaanite
984:Jerusalem
843:Egyptians
839:Ammonites
503:King Saul
424:Jerusalem
409:John Gill
320:West Bank
292:Jerusalem
288:Israelite
284:Canaanite
271:translit.
249:romanized
242:גִּבְעוֹן
223:Condition
208:1956–1962
194:Israelite
190:Canaanite
116:West Bank
56:גִּבְעוֹן
2492:Tel Arad
2374:Archived
2255:(2010).
2152:(1979).
2064:(2018).
1922:, 7.11.7
1496:, p. 277
1490:Archived
1425:(1981).
1423:Josephus
1324:18 March
1193:Eusebius
1150:in Jib.
1118:Iron Age
1087:Iron Age
980:Josephus
847:Edomites
835:Moabites
827:mamzerim
819:shetukim
792:Mamzerim
620:Jonathan
592:genocide
476:Benjamin
388:covenant
380:20:16–20
308:Amorites
282:) was a
226:In ruins
186:Cultures
172:Iron Age
102:Location
2694:Taanach
2689:Shechem
2633:Lachish
2544:Et-Tell
2539:Tel Dan
2534:Bethzur
2514:Zaretan
2473:Heshbon
2451:Tel Dor
2423:of the
2344:4465617
2220:Sources
2173:6250553
1775:Yebamot
1548:V. BaH.
1213:" (now
1178:'s and
936:ḳbꜣꜥꜣnꜣ
823:assufim
815:Mishnah
811:yuhasin
786:Natinim
720:Solomon
684:Babylon
639:Solomon
583:Absalom
470:In the
448:Lachish
440:Jarmuth
370:of the
352:Jericho
300:Hivites
255:Giḇəʻōn
251::
244:
164:Periods
159:History
58:
2622:Bethel
2612:Ashdod
2607:Azekah
2590:Hebron
2580:Mizpah
2562:Shiloh
2554:Gibeon
2462:Gibeah
2365:Gibeon
2342:
2319:
2284:
2269:
2241:
2171:
2161:
2134:
2124:
2088:
2078:
2035:
1957:
1566:Israel
1514:
1441:
1315:
1234:al-Jib
1215:al-Jib
1211:al-Ǧīb
1203:Hivite
1000:al-Ǧīb
992:al-Jib
972:Karnak
724:temple
659:wisdom
518:Shiloh
450:, and
444:Japhia
432:Hebron
401:cursed
396:Joshua
394:)—and
368:writer
364:Joshua
360:Hivite
358:, the
339:al Jib
324:Area C
316:al-Jib
278:GabaĹŤn
274:
265:Γαβαων
237:Hebrew
233:Gibeon
112:Region
106:Al Jib
49:Gibeon
39:Gibeah
32:Gibeon
2679:Gezer
2638:Rabud
2468:Giloh
2421:Sites
2340:JSTOR
2290:. In
1129:" of
831:natin
798:Gerim
752:Natin
688:Judea
628:Amasa
612:Merab
560:David
552:Abner
499:Jeiel
456:Eglon
452:Debir
436:Piram
428:Hoham
260:Greek
2317:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2169:OCLC
2159:ISBN
2132:OCLC
2122:ISBN
2086:OCLC
2076:ISBN
2033:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1894:1043
1512:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1326:2021
1313:ISBN
1170:and
1043:tell
845:and
795:and
608:Saul
570:and
548:Joab
540:Saul
413:Noah
354:and
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938:in
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