966:
659:
1000:
922:
945:
743:
55:
857:
1169:
985:
512:
837:
819:
906:
872:
77:
802:
888:
1187:
697:, long-tongued flies and several others. In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolus can be pollinated by small well-known wasps. Actually, they are not very good pollinators because of the large flowers of the plants and the small size of the wasps. Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known European Hawk-moth
965:
591:. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section. The adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf exhibit micro-striations with aligned micro-protrusions, which are coated with waxy nano-flakes. This three-level surface structure enables the leaf to shed rainfall droplets in a unidirectional manner due to anisotropic superhydrophobicity features, as reported by Mahesh C. Dubey
1027:
ground in regions with sufficiently dry winters. 'Nanus' is hardy to Zones 5–8. The large-flowered types require moisture during the growing season, and must be individually staked as soon as the sword-shaped flower heads appear. The leaves must be allowed to die down naturally before lifting and storing the corms. Plants are
1026:
of most species and hybrids should be lifted in autumn and stored over winter in a frost-free place, then replanted in spring. Some species from Europe and high altitudes in Africa, as well as the small 'Nanus' hybrids, are much hardier (to at least −26 °C or −15 °F) and can be left in the
5218:
921:
597:
The flowers of unmodified wild species vary from very small to perhaps 40 mm across, and inflorescences bearing anything from one to several flowers. The spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce are the products of centuries of hybridisation and selection.
999:
764:
and a wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from the many varieties. The main hybrid groups have been obtained by crossing between four or five species, followed by selection: 'Grandiflorus', 'Primulines' and 'Nanus'. They can make very good
658:
1031:
either from small cormlets produced as offsets by the parent corms, or from seed. In either case, they take several years to get to flowering size. Clumps should be dug up and divided every few years to keep them vigorous.
4511:
Goldblatt, Peter; Manning, John C.; Bernhardt, Peter (October 1997). "Notes on the
Pollination of Gladiolus brevifolius (Iridaceae) by Bees (Anthophoridae) and Bee Mimicking Flies (Psilodera: Acroceridae)".
944:
4933:(Routledge, 2003), p. 105, characterizing Pliny's entry on the plant as "confused." The correspondence of ancient plant names to modern species is always uncertain. Both the Greek
836:
5480:
5519:
818:
4990:
1220:
673:
These flowers are variously coloured, ranging from pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red.
1168:
4242:
5428:
1155:
5493:
5441:
856:
5555:
4434:"Exceptional anisotropic superhydrophobicity of sword-lily striated leaf surface and soft lithographic biomimicking using polystyrene replica"
4305:
4818:
5205:
5122:
5337:
4329:
984:
4896:
5342:
5467:
4905:
801:
1158:. This likely derives from their association with victory, from the time when gladiators were showered with them upon victory.
5594:
4721:
4669:
2076:
5498:
5506:
2222:
871:
5311:
5298:
5104:
4223:
1611:
1057:
887:
621:. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three
1186:
5599:
5568:
4995:
4247:
1296:
76:
20:
5524:
5650:
1758:
1269:
24:
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4051:
3856:
905:
4041:
3666:
2720:
2628:
2598:
1925:
742:
699:
4170:
3606:
3525:
3465:
3384:
3108:
2257:
1810:
1403:
1291:
54:
4190:
4155:
3898:
3646:
3626:
3555:
3150:
3098:
3047:
2962:
2922:
2689:
2578:
2061:
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1800:
1686:
1596:
1556:
1533:
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1450:
1041:
5640:
5415:
4210:
4082:
3960:
3929:
3919:
3846:
3826:
3766:
3676:
3636:
3495:
3455:
3394:
3354:
3304:
3294:
3119:
2882:
2361:
2288:
2196:
2125:
1910:
1872:
1768:
1629:
1433:
1415:
1360:
384:
283:
4145:
4092:
3888:
3746:
3656:
3445:
3243:
3223:
3077:
3037:
3027:
2912:
2892:
2841:
2800:
2730:
2709:
2668:
2618:
2588:
2415:
2278:
2237:
2206:
2165:
2155:
2051:
2011:
2001:
1930:
1900:
1890:
1857:
1606:
1480:
1383:
1337:
1259:
1247:
1143:
is known to dance with gladioli hanging from his back pocket or in his hands, especially during the era of
404:
5645:
5389:
5241:
4103:
3970:
3796:
3736:
3686:
3575:
3435:
3284:
3193:
3130:
3088:
2992:
2972:
2902:
2780:
2740:
2638:
2536:
2486:
2425:
2381:
2371:
2175:
2104:
2031:
1991:
1950:
1940:
1847:
1790:
1780:
1710:
1666:
1619:
1586:
1544:
1440:
1393:
1347:
1279:
825:
727:
5316:
4061:
4011:
3990:
3949:
3816:
3786:
3776:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3696:
3596:
3586:
3425:
3344:
3334:
3324:
3017:
2982:
2952:
2872:
2862:
2820:
2770:
2760:
2699:
2678:
2658:
2608:
2546:
2405:
2309:
2216:
1981:
1837:
1676:
1653:
1576:
5420:
5394:
4125:
4072:
4031:
4000:
3806:
3545:
3535:
3505:
3485:
3475:
3404:
3374:
3264:
3254:
3213:
3203:
3057:
2932:
2830:
2790:
2648:
2557:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2496:
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2391:
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2340:
2330:
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2083:
2071:
1880:
1867:
1696:
1639:
1501:
1428:
1353:
1303:
1099:
1061:
537:
31:
3756:
3616:
3565:
3415:
3364:
3314:
3274:
3233:
3171:
3140:
3067:
2851:
2435:
2320:
2299:
2247:
2135:
2094:
1971:
1960:
1470:
4135:
4021:
3980:
3939:
3836:
3182:
2750:
2145:
1566:
1521:
1511:
1490:
1324:
5534:
5446:
5350:
5148:
3867:
3515:
2942:
2476:
2230:
2185:
1702:
1330:
1252:
878:
784:
and possess 60 chromosomes (2n=4x=60). This is because the main parental species of these hybrids is
245:
35:
4590:"Pollinator-mediated selection on flower-tube length in a hawkmoth-pollinated Gladiolus (Iridaceae)"
1421:
4746:
4114:
3908:
3160:
2465:
1736:
1723:
1644:
1196:
1077:
844:
533:
5059:
1659:
1526:
5635:
5607:
5560:
5402:
4843:
4521:
3002:
2567:
2114:
2021:
1820:
1549:
1372:
951:
748:
464:
222:
71:
63:
790:
which is also tetraploid and includes a wide range of varieties (like the
Grandiflora hybrids).
453:
315:
167:
4348:
in
Southern Africa : Systematics, Biology, and Evolution. Fernwood Press, Cape Town; 1998.
511:
5542:
5485:
5324:
5126:
4887:
4704:
4686:
4665:
4638:
4619:
4570:
4494:
4467:
4433:
4393:
4325:
4301:
3877:
1920:
1747:
1148:
1117:
1106:
1028:
912:
786:
5017:
1408:
1284:
1120:
was said to wear a wreath of what is traditionally identified as a type of
Gladiolus, called
5547:
4609:
4601:
4560:
4552:
4445:
2810:
1313:
1178:
808:
761:
505:
5193:
in southern Africa: Systematics, Biology, and
Evolution, including 144 watercolor paintings
4822:
525:
It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural
4981:
4922:
4914:
2226:
1365:
1241:
has been divided into many sections. Most species, however, are only tentatively placed.
1095:
645:
519:
501:
495:
114:
5407:
5279:
5381:
4771:
685:
bees, but some changes in the pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by
5082:
5034:
4951:
4614:
4589:
4565:
4540:
1732:– occurring in Darling, South Africa, and locally called the "blou pypie" ("blue pipe")
1715:
1230:
endemic to southern Africa, and 76 in tropical Africa. About 10 species are native to
1019:
641:
630:
532:
The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The
101:
583:
are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved
5629:
4684:
Ramon
Albajes, Maria Lodovica Gullino, Joop C. van Lenteren and Yigal Elad (Editors)
1825:
1728:
935:
235:
184:
127:
5612:
5329:
5022:
4891:
4709:
4691:
4643:
4499:
4472:
4398:
1830:
1201:
1113:
1088:
682:
192:
5303:
5290:
4410:
1223:
had over 276 species in 1988, As of
February 2017, it accepted 300 species.
5511:
5454:
5273:
4901:
1129:
766:
723:
137:
4449:
4965:
4394:
Reconstructing the Tree of Life: Taxonomy and
Systematics of Species Rich Taxa
1144:
1136:
781:
777:
694:
634:
580:
157:
5264:
5376:
5363:
1140:
649:
588:
147:
5586:
5108:
4793:
4623:
4605:
4574:
5226:
5581:
5258:
4556:
4541:"Radiation of Pollination Systems in the Iridaceae of sub-Saharan Africa"
4274:
1049:
976:
956:
753:
666:
626:
4525:
1109:'s signature flowers were gladioli, which she referred to as "gladdies".
5433:
4639:
Pest
Lepidoptera of Europe: With Special Reference to the British Isles
1231:
1084:
773:
690:
686:
486:
440:
414:
325:
311:
273:
5459:
5177:. Tafelberg-Uitgewers Beperk 120 colour photographs and descriptions.
1773:
1036:
731:
681:
The South
African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued
622:
618:
602:
573:
301:
5472:
5235:
576:) that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics.
5368:
5018:
Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production
1045:, which burrow into the flowers causing them to collapse and die.
1023:
741:
719:
657:
614:
610:
606:
510:
491:
481:
394:
262:
88:
250:
652:
584:
569:
498:
5239:
5355:
629:
is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The
4372:
Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section B
1151:", where he swung a bunch of yellow gladioli while singing.
1147:. This trait of his was made known in the music video for "
4687:
Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops
1154:
Gladioli are traditionally given to people who finish the
934:'Priscilla' photographed in visible, ultraviolet (showing
703:
which usually pollinates many popular garden flowers like
637:, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex.
587:, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a
4495:
Somatic Embryogenesis in Ornamentals and Its Applications
605:, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery, green
4358:
Goldblatt, P.; De Vos, M. P. (1989). "The reduction of
3915:(sect. Blandus) – large white Afrikaner, wall gladiolus
4298:
The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification
4861:(Leipzig, 1824), p. 13; "L'origine dei maccheroni,"
4752:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43
4391:
Trevor R. Hodkinson and John A.N. Parnell (Editors)
1076:
Gladioli are the flowers associated with a fortieth
556:, formerly considered distinct, are now included in
5248:
4300:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 138–42.
617:are almost identical in appearance, and are termed
5217:Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014).
4941:("little sword") come from a word meaning "sword."
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
5231:. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
5191:Peter Goldblatt, J. C. Manning (1998). Gladiolus
4952:"Entertainment – Rainy-day voice of a generation"
4324:. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007.
648:, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally
601:The flower spikes are large and one-sided, with
5035:"Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus – The Plant List"
4863:Archivo per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari
4857:(Paris, 1819), pp. 315–316; Julius Billerbeck,
2574:(sect. Gladiolus) – Italian gladiolus, cornflag
5175:The winter-growing Gladioli of Southern Africa
4705:Sphecid Wasps of the World: A Generic Revision
4322:Shorter Oxford English dictionary: 6th edition
2398:(sect. Linearifolius) – small pink Afrikaner,
772:The majority of the species in this genus are
5173:G. R. Delpierre and N. M. du Plessis (1974).
1052:have been developed, of which ‘Robinetta’ (a
8:
5125:. the.botanical-magazine.com. Archived from
5015:Rina Kamenetsky and Hiroshi Okubo (Editors)
4250:: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
4539:Goldblatt, Peter; Manning, John C. (2006).
4514:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
4387:
4385:
3560:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
3369:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
2927:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
1905:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova
1056:hybrid), with pink flowers, has gained the
625:. The outer three tepals are narrower. The
16:Genus of perennial cormous flowering plants
5236:
4991:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
4461:
4459:
3178:(sect. Densiflorus) – goldblotch gladiolus
1221:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
53:
42:
4855:Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle
4613:
4564:
4366:, putative sunbird pollinated genera, in
1379:(sect. Blandus) – long-tubed painted lady
30:For the bacteria and fungus species, see
4655:
4653:
4651:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4296:Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008).
2957:G. Lewis ex Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
1967:(sect. Homoglossum) – small painted lady
1156:International Four Days Marches Nijmegen
1105:The Australian comedian and personality
1073:Gladiolus is the birth flower of August.
955:Bulbs of different sizes and ages (from
780:(2n=30) but the Grandiflora hybrids are
752:corms of different ages and sizes (from
718:Gladioli are used as food plants by the
4588:Alexandersson, R; Johnson, SD. (2002).
4268:
4266:
4234:
3975:(G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3791:(G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
3359:(G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
2846:(G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
1161:
797:
1829:(sect. Gladiolus) – common cornflag, (
568:Gladioli grow from round, symmetrical
4931:Food in the Ancient World from A to Z
1091:composed a rag called “Gladiolus Rag”
850:from Curtis's Botanical Magazine 1801
830:from Curtis's Botanical Magazine 1790
229:
7:
5600:c22f939d-bedf-457b-ba4f-42a6328a19b0
5535:e1f028b9-644d-40b3-ad09-20d4fe77120e
4664:. Cassell and Co. pp. 170–172.
2450:(N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
1754:(sect. Blandus) – large painted lady
644:is 3-locular with oblong or globose
4819:"Champions and their winning words"
4432:Dubey, Mahesh (19 September 2024).
4344:Goldblatt, P. &, J.C. Manning.
4130:(Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3582:– Saunders' gladiolus, Lesotho lily
3550:(Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P. de Vos
5574:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30066908-2
4886:, generally called "corn-flag" by
4821:. spellingbee.com/. Archived from
4413:. wordpress.com. 11 September 2011
3319:(N. E. Br.) Goldblatt & De Vos
14:
3965:(L. Bolus) Goldblatt & De Vos
1098:correctly spelled to win the 1st
5210:in GBIF Biodiversity Data Portal
2274:(sect. Homoglossum) – reed bells
1219:contains about 300 species, the
1185:
1167:
998:
983:
964:
943:
920:
904:
886:
870:
855:
835:
817:
800:
432:Salisb. ex N.E.Br., nom. illeg.
75:
5186:in tropical Africa (83 species)
3520:Lichtst. ex Roem. & Schult.
760:Gladioli have been extensively
5228:African plants – a Photo Guide
5081:Foden, W.; Potter, L. (2005).
4929:79, as cited by Andrew Dalby,
4844:Dame Edna Everage and gladioli
3893:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
2653:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
1274:P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal
1:
3013:) – Abyssinian gladiolus
1039:, (thrip simplex), and wasps
5195:. Cape Town: Fernwood Press.
3681:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
3500:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
3238:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
3198:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
2795:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
2521:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
2511:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
2325:Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
1743:(sect. Blandus) – cliff lily
1264:(Brongn. ex Lem.) B.D.Jacks.
4865:17 (1898), vol. 36, p. 428.
4660:Lloyd, Christopher (2000).
4370:L. (Iridaceae-Ixioideae)".
4224:List of Gladiolus cultivars
4077:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3601:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3591:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3440:J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
3420:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
3279:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
2613:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
2180:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
2170:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
2046:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
2036:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
1445:Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
1270:Gladiolus actinomorphanthus
1058:Royal Horticultural Society
5667:
4996:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
4248:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
4221:
4052:Gladiolus violaceolineatus
3857:Gladiolus trichonemifolius
3155:Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
2430:(Welw. ex Baker) Goldblatt
1581:Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
865:hybrid, Grandiflorus group
842:Waved-flowered Gladiolus (
29:
21:Gladiolus (disambiguation)
18:
5182:A monograph of the genus
5180:Peter Goldblatt (1996).
4747:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
4042:Gladiolus vinosomaculatus
3667:Gladiolus sericeovillosus
2721:Gladiolus longispathaceus
2629:Gladiolus lapeirousioides
2599:Gladiolus kamiesbergensis
1759:Gladiolus caryophyllaceus
1226:There are 260 species of
1094:"Gladiolus" was the word
228:
221:
214:
209:
198:
191:
72:Scientific classification
70:
61:
52:
45:
25:Gladiola (disambiguation)
4450:10.1088/1402-4896/ad7549
4360:Oenostachys, Homoglossum
3607:Gladiolus schweinfurthii
3526:Gladiolus rufomarginatus
3466:Gladiolus robiliartianus
3385:Gladiolus quadrangularis
3109:Gladiolus oppositiflorus
2258:Gladiolus goldblattianus
1811:Gladiolus chevalierianus
1404:Gladiolus appendiculatus
1292:Gladiolus aequinoctialis
700:Macroglossum stellatarum
4187:): Colville's gladiolus
4166:Known hybrids include:
4156:Gladiolus zimbabweensis
4110:– Mackinder's gladiolus
4016:De Wild. & T.Durand
3899:Gladiolus uitenhagensis
3647:Gladiolus serapiiflorus
3627:Gladiolus sekukuniensis
3556:Gladiolus salmoneicolor
3151:Gladiolus overbergensis
3120:Gladiolus orchidiflorus
3099:Gladiolus oligophlebius
3048:Gladiolus nigromontanus
2963:Gladiolus mosambicensis
2923:Gladiolus microspicatus
2690:Gladiolus linearifolius
2579:Gladiolus jonquilodorus
2062:Gladiolus dzavakheticus
2042:Gladiolus dolichosiphon
1801:Gladiolus chelamontanus
1687:Gladiolus canaliculatus
1597:Gladiolus brachyphyllus
1557:Gladiolus blommesteinii
1534:Gladiolus benguellensis
1461:Gladiolus atroviolaceus
1451:Gladiolus atropurpureus
1042:Dasyproctus bipunctatus
4772:"August Birth Flowers"
4606:10.1098/rspb.2001.1928
4411:"The Purple Gladiolus"
4205:G. oppositiflorus
4104:Gladiolus watsonioides
4083:Gladiolus viridiflorus
3961:Gladiolus vandermerwei
3930:Gladiolus usambarensis
3920:Gladiolus unguiculatus
3851:Goldblatt & De Vos
3847:Gladiolus teretifolius
3827:Gladiolus taubertianus
3767:Gladiolus subcaeruleus
3691:Goldblatt & Thulin
3677:Gladiolus serpenticola
3637:Gladiolus sempervirens
3496:Gladiolus roseovenosus
3456:Gladiolus robertsoniae
3395:Gladiolus quadrangulus
3355:Gladiolus pulcherrimus
3305:Gladiolus pretoriensis
3295:Gladiolus praecostatus
3285:Gladiolus pole-evansii
2883:Gladiolus meridionalis
2362:Gladiolus hajastanicus
2289:Gladiolus grandiflorus
2197:Gladiolus flavoviridis
2126:Gladiolus erectiflorus
1911:Gladiolus cylindraceus
1848:Gladiolus crassifolius
1769:Gladiolus cataractarum
1630:Gladiolus buckerveldii
1416:Gladiolus aquamontanus
1361:Gladiolus andringitrae
1175:Vase with Red Gladioli
757:
728:Large Yellow Underwing
726:species including the
670:
522:
4146:Gladiolus zambesiacus
4093:Gladiolus watermeyeri
3889:Gladiolus tshombeanus
3747:Gladiolus stenosiphon
3657:Gladiolus serenjensis
3446:Gladiolus richardsiae
3389:(Burm. f.) Ker Gawler
3244:Gladiolus permeabilis
3224:Gladiolus pauciflorus
3214:Gladiolus patersoniae
3078:Gladiolus ochroleucus
3038:Gladiolus nerineoides
3028:Gladiolus negeliensis
2913:Gladiolus microcarpus
2893:Gladiolus metallicola
2877:(Schweinf.) Goldblatt
2842:Gladiolus meliusculus
2801:Gladiolus manikaensis
2731:Gladiolus loteniensis
2710:Gladiolus longicollis
2669:Gladiolus leptosiphon
2619:Gladiolus kotschyanus
2589:Gladiolus juncifolius
2416:Gladiolus horombensis
2357:(sect. Linearifolius)
2279:Gladiolus gracillimus
2238:Gladiolus gandavensis
2207:Gladiolus floribundus
2166:Gladiolus ferrugineus
2156:Gladiolus fenestratus
2052:Gladiolus dolomiticus
2012:Gladiolus deserticola
2002:Gladiolus densiflorus
1901:Gladiolus curtilimbus
1891:Gladiolus curtifolius
1858:Gladiolus crispulatus
1615:(sect. Linearifolius)
1607:Gladiolus brevifolius
1481:Gladiolus aurantiacus
1384:Gladiolus antakiensis
1338:Gladiolus amplifolius
1304:Gladiolus aladagensis
1260:Gladiolus abyssinicus
1248:Gladiolus abbreviatus
1100:National Spelling Bee
1062:Award of Garden Merit
1035:They are affected by
938:), and infrared light
745:
661:
538:Cape Floristic Region
514:
32:Burkholderia gladioli
5149:"Gladiolus communis"
5123:"Gladiolus Communis"
5085:. redlist.sanbi.org/
5060:"Gladiolus bullatus"
4970:– via YouTube.
4888:historical botanists
4273:Perry, Dr. Leonard.
3971:Gladiolus variegatus
3944:L. Bolus ex G. Lewis
3903:Goldblatt & Vlok
3868:Gladiolus triphyllus
3797:Gladiolus sulculatus
3737:Gladiolus stenolobus
3687:Gladiolus somalensis
3576:Gladiolus saundersii
3436:Gladiolus rhodanthus
3194:Gladiolus pardalinus
3131:Gladiolus oreocharis
3089:Gladiolus oliganthus
2993:Gladiolus murgusicus
2973:Gladiolus mostertiae
2903:Gladiolus micranthus
2781:Gladiolus magnificus
2741:Gladiolus lundaensis
2735:Hilliard & Burtt
2639:Gladiolus laxiflorus
2537:Gladiolus invenustus
2487:Gladiolus inandensis
2477:Gladiolus imbricatus
2426:Gladiolus huillensis
2382:Gladiolus harmsianus
2372:Gladiolus halophilus
2186:Gladiolus flanaganii
2176:Gladiolus filiformis
2105:Gladiolus engysiphon
2032:Gladiolus diluvialis
1992:Gladiolus delpierrei
1951:Gladiolus debeerstii
1941:Gladiolus davisoniae
1791:Gladiolus ceresianus
1781:Gladiolus caucasicus
1711:Gladiolus cardinalis
1667:Gladiolus calcaratus
1634:(L. Bolus) Goldblatt
1620:Gladiolus brevitubus
1587:Gladiolus boranensis
1545:Gladiolus bilineatus
1441:Gladiolus atropictus
1394:Gladiolus antandroyi
1348:Gladiolus anatolicus
1308:Eker & Sağıroğlu
1280:Gladiolus acuminatus
879:Gladiolus imbricatus
826:Gladiolus cardinalis
484:, the diminutive of
246:Christoph Jakob Trew
216:About 260, see text
36:Penicillium gladioli
4954:. BBC. 17 May 2004.
4937:and the Latin word
4874:Ancient sources on
4825:on 17 November 2012
4798:Library of Congress
4722:"RHS Plantfinder –
4207:) (sect. Ophiolyza)
4121:(sect. Homoglossum)
4115:Gladiolus watsonius
4062:Gladiolus virescens
4012:Gladiolus verdickii
3991:Gladiolus velutinus
3956:(sect. Homoglossum)
3950:Gladiolus vaginatus
3934:Marais ex Goldblatt
3909:Gladiolus undulatus
3884:(sect. Homoglossum)
3863:(sect. Homoglossum)
3817:Gladiolus szovitsii
3787:Gladiolus sufflavus
3777:Gladiolus sudanicus
3727:Gladiolus stellatus
3717:Gladiolus stefaniae
3707:Gladiolus splendens
3697:Gladiolus speciosus
3597:Gladiolus scabridus
3587:Gladiolus saxatilis
3426:Gladiolus rehmannii
3411:(sect. Homoglossum)
3399:(Delaroche) Barnard
3345:Gladiolus pubigerus
3335:Gladiolus puberulus
3325:Gladiolus pritzelii
3161:Gladiolus palustris
3084:(sect. Densiflorus)
3018:Gladiolus mutabilis
3011:G. callianthus
2983:Gladiolus muenzneri
2953:Gladiolus monticola
2873:Gladiolus mensensis
2863:Gladiolus menitskyi
2837:(sect. Homoglossum)
2821:Gladiolus marlothii
2771:Gladiolus maculatus
2761:Gladiolus macneilii
2716:(sect. Homoglossum)
2700:Gladiolus lithicola
2685:(sect. Homoglossum)
2679:Gladiolus liliaceus
2659:Gladiolus leonensis
2609:Gladiolus karooicus
2547:Gladiolus involutus
2466:Gladiolus illyricus
2406:Gladiolus hollandii
2376:Boiss. & Heldr.
2316:(sect. Densiflorus)
2310:Gladiolus gregarius
2217:Gladiolus fourcadei
2192:– suicide gladiolus
2026:(Bullock) Goldblatt
1982:Gladiolus decoratus
1838:Gladiolus comptonii
1737:Gladiolus carmineus
1724:Gladiolus carinatus
1677:Gladiolus calcicola
1654:Gladiolus caeruleus
1649:– Caledon bluebell.
1577:Gladiolus bonaespei
1078:wedding anniversary
845:Gladiolus undulatus
534:center of diversity
293:Sweet, nom. inval.
5111:on 28 August 2017.
5083:"Caledon Bluebell"
4897:Historia Plantarum
4557:10.1093/aob/mcj040
4492:A. Mujib (Editor)
4181:G. cardinalis
4126:Gladiolus wilsonii
4073:Gladiolus virgatus
4032:Gladiolus vigilans
4001:Gladiolus venustus
3807:Gladiolus symonsii
3546:Gladiolus saccatus
3536:Gladiolus rupicola
3506:Gladiolus rubellus
3486:Gladiolus roseolus
3476:Gladiolus rogersii
3405:Gladiolus recurvus
3375:Gladiolus pusillus
3265:Gladiolus persicus
3255:Gladiolus perrieri
3204:Gladiolus parvulus
3058:Gladiolus nyasicus
3003:Gladiolus murielae
2933:Gladiolus miniatus
2831:Gladiolus martleyi
2791:Gladiolus malvinus
2649:Gladiolus ledoctei
2583:Eckl. ex G.J.Lewis
2568:Gladiolus italicus
2558:Gladiolus iroensis
2527:Gladiolus intonsus
2517:Gladiolus insolens
2507:Gladiolus inflexus
2497:Gladiolus inflatus
2456:Gladiolus hyalinus
2446:Gladiolus huttonii
2392:Gladiolus hirsutus
2351:Gladiolus guthriei
2341:Gladiolus gunnisii
2331:Gladiolus gueinzii
2268:Gladiolus gracilis
2115:Gladiolus equitans
2084:Gladiolus elliotii
2072:Gladiolus ecklonii
2022:Gladiolus dichrous
1881:Gladiolus cunonius
1868:Gladiolus cruentus
1821:Gladiolus communis
1697:Gladiolus candidus
1640:Gladiolus bullatus
1502:Gladiolus balensis
1497:– golden gladiolus
1429:Gladiolus arcuatus
1373:Gladiolus angustus
1007:Gladiolus italicus
991:Gladiolus italicus
973:Gladiolus italicus
952:Gladiolus italicus
812:, Clanwilliam, RSA
758:
749:Gladiolus italicus
671:
663:Gladiolus italicus
523:
516:Gladiolus italicus
200:Gladiolus communis
64:Gladiolus italicus
5623:
5622:
5543:Open Tree of Life
5242:Taxon identifiers
4907:De Materia Medica
4600:(1491): 631–636.
4594:Proc R Soc Lond B
4307:978-0-88192-897-6
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4120:
4109:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4027:
4017:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3883:
3878:Gladiolus tristis
3873:
3862:
3852:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3812:
3802:
3792:
3782:
3772:
3762:
3757:Gladiolus stokoei
3752:
3742:
3732:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3617:Gladiolus scullyi
3612:
3602:
3592:
3581:
3571:
3566:Gladiolus salteri
3561:
3551:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3416:Gladiolus reginae
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3365:Gladiolus pungens
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3315:Gladiolus priorii
3310:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3275:Gladiolus phoenix
3270:
3260:
3249:
3239:
3234:Gladiolus pavonia
3229:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3188:
3177:
3172:Gladiolus papilio
3167:– marsh gladiolus
3166:
3156:
3146:
3141:Gladiolus ornatus
3136:
3125:
3115:(sect. Ophiolyza)
3114:
3104:
3094:
3083:
3073:
3068:Gladiolus oatesii
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2978:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2898:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2858:(sect. Ophiolyza)
2857:
2852:Gladiolus melleri
2847:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2796:
2786:
2785:(Harms) Goldblatt
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2726:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2573:
2563:
2562:(A. Chev.) Marais
2552:
2542:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2436:Gladiolus humilis
2431:
2421:
2411:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2326:
2321:Gladiolus griseus
2315:
2305:
2300:Gladiolus grantii
2294:
2284:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2248:Gladiolus geardii
2233:
2212:
2202:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2141:
2136:Gladiolus exiguus
2131:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2095:Gladiolus emiliae
2090:(sect. Ophiolyza)
2089:
2079:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1972:Gladiolus decaryi
1966:
1961:Gladiolus debilis
1956:
1946:
1936:(sect. Ophiolyza)
1935:
1921:Gladiolus dalenii
1916:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:(sect. Ophiolyza)
1875:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1828:
1816:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1764:
1763:(Burm. f.) Poiret
1753:
1748:Gladiolus carneus
1742:
1731:
1718:
1706:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1648:
1635:
1625:
1614:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1571:(Baker) Goldblatt
1562:
1552:
1540:(sect. Ophiolyza)
1539:
1529:
1517:
1507:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1471:Gladiolus attilae
1466:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1424:
1411:
1399:
1389:
1378:
1368:
1356:
1343:
1333:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1149:This Charming Man
1107:Dame Edna Everage
913:Gladiolus carneus
787:Gladiolus dalenii
473:
472:
467:
456:
443:
433:
425:
417:
407:
397:
387:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
318:
304:
294:
286:
276:
266:
255:
238:
187:
5658:
5651:Iridaceae genera
5616:
5615:
5603:
5602:
5590:
5589:
5577:
5576:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5550:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5527:
5515:
5514:
5512:NHMSYS0000459069
5502:
5501:
5489:
5488:
5476:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5449:
5437:
5436:
5424:
5423:
5411:
5410:
5398:
5397:
5385:
5384:
5372:
5371:
5359:
5358:
5346:
5345:
5333:
5332:
5320:
5319:
5307:
5306:
5294:
5293:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5237:
5232:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5107:. Archived from
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5039:theplantlist.org
5031:
5025:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4942:
4872:
4866:
4852:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4718:
4712:
4702:Arnold S. Menke
4700:
4694:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4657:
4646:
4636:David J. Carter
4634:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4568:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4508:
4502:
4490:
4475:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4407:
4401:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4355:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4239:
4159:
4149:
4139:
4136:Gladiolus woodii
4129:
4118:
4107:
4096:
4086:
4076:
4065:
4055:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4022:Gladiolus vernus
4015:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3981:Gladiolus varius
3974:
3964:
3953:
3943:
3940:Gladiolus uysiae
3933:
3923:
3912:
3902:
3892:
3881:
3871:
3860:
3850:
3840:
3837:Gladiolus tenuis
3830:
3820:
3810:
3800:
3790:
3780:
3770:
3760:
3750:
3740:
3730:
3720:
3710:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3600:
3590:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3419:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3247:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3186:
3183:Gladiolus pappei
3175:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3123:
3112:
3102:
3092:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3021:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2855:
2845:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2811:Gladiolus mariae
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2751:Gladiolus luteus
2744:
2734:
2724:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2571:
2561:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2472:– wild gladiolus
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2313:
2303:
2292:
2282:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2243:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2146:Gladiolus exilis
2139:
2129:
2118:
2108:
2098:
2087:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1772:
1762:
1751:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1670:
1658:Goldblatt &
1657:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1567:Gladiolus bojeri
1560:
1548:
1537:
1525:
1522:Gladiolus bellus
1515:
1512:Gladiolus baumii
1505:
1494:
1491:Gladiolus aureus
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1432:
1420:Goldblatt &
1419:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1376:
1364:
1351:
1341:
1329:Goldblatt &
1328:
1325:Gladiolus albens
1317:
1314:Gladiolus alatus
1307:
1295:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1251:
1205:
1189:
1179:Vincent van Gogh
1171:
1163:Gladiolus in art
1048:Numerous garden
1002:
987:
968:
947:
924:
908:
890:
874:
859:
839:
821:
809:Gladiolus alatus
804:
730:, and gladiolus
502:flowering plants
490:, a sword) is a
463:
452:
439:
431:
423:
413:
403:
393:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
324:
310:
300:
292:
282:
272:
261:
254:
244:
234:
183:
80:
79:
57:
43:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5606:
5598:
5593:
5585:
5580:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5533:
5531:
5523:
5518:
5510:
5505:
5497:
5492:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5440:
5432:
5427:
5419:
5414:
5406:
5401:
5393:
5388:
5380:
5375:
5367:
5362:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5336:
5328:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5302:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5244:
5216:
5202:
5170:
5165:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5129:on 3 March 2018
5121:
5120:
5116:
5105:"More About Us"
5103:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4923:Pseudo-Apuleius
4919:Natural History
4873:
4869:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4794:"Gladiolus Rag"
4792:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4701:
4697:
4683:
4679:
4672:
4659:
4658:
4649:
4635:
4631:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4491:
4478:
4465:William Berman
4464:
4457:
4438:Physica Scripta
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4390:
4383:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4201:G. dalenii
4185:G. tristis
4164:
3872:(Sm.) Ker Gawl.
3711:(Sweet) Herbert
3516:Gladiolus rudis
3189:(sect. Blandus)
2943:Gladiolus mirus
2345:(Rendle) Marais
2295:(sect. Blandus)
2241:
1928:
1719:(sect. Blandus)
1213:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1096:Frank Neuhauser
1070:
1020:temperate zones
1016:
1009:
1003:
994:
988:
979:
969:
960:
948:
939:
925:
916:
909:
900:
891:
882:
875:
866:
860:
851:
849:
840:
831:
829:
822:
813:
805:
796:
740:
679:
566:
248:
205:
202:
182:
74:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5664:
5662:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5641:Cormous plants
5638:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5613:wfo-4000015694
5604:
5591:
5578:
5565:
5552:
5539:
5529:
5516:
5503:
5490:
5477:
5464:
5451:
5438:
5425:
5412:
5399:
5386:
5373:
5360:
5347:
5334:
5321:
5308:
5295:
5285:
5270:
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5213:
5212:
5201:
5200:External links
5198:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5188:. Timber Press
5178:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5140:
5114:
5096:
5073:
5051:
5026:
5008:
4973:
4957:
4943:
4867:
4859:Flora classica
4847:
4836:
4810:
4785:
4763:
4738:
4713:
4695:
4677:
4670:
4662:Garden Flowers
4647:
4629:
4580:
4551:(3): 317–344.
4531:
4520:(4): 297–304.
4503:
4476:
4468:How to Dissect
4455:
4424:
4402:
4381:
4350:
4337:
4331:978-0199206872
4330:
4313:
4306:
4288:
4262:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4220:
4219:
4208:
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4122:
4111:
4100:
4089:
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3997:
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3412:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
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3341:
3331:
3321:
3311:
3301:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3261:
3251:
3240:
3230:
3228:Baker ex Oliv.
3220:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3179:
3168:
3157:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3116:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3024:
3014:
2999:
2989:
2979:
2969:
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2929:
2919:
2909:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2859:
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2827:
2817:
2807:
2797:
2787:
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2767:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2727:
2717:
2706:
2696:
2686:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2605:
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2575:
2564:
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2523:
2513:
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2432:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2388:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2314:Welw. ex Baker
2306:
2296:
2285:
2275:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2080:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1877:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1765:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1720:
1707:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1650:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1541:
1530:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1425:
1412:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1369:
1357:
1344:
1334:
1321:
1310:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1243:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1133:
1110:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1004:
997:
995:
989:
982:
980:
970:
963:
961:
949:
942:
940:
926:
919:
917:
910:
903:
901:
892:
885:
883:
876:
869:
867:
861:
854:
852:
841:
834:
832:
823:
816:
814:
806:
799:
795:
792:
739:
736:
678:
675:
565:
562:
520:Behbahan, Iran
471:
470:
469:
468:
457:
445:
444:
434:
426:
418:
408:
398:
388:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
319:
305:
295:
287:
277:
267:
265:, nom. illeg.
256:
242:Liliogladiolus
239:
226:
225:
219:
218:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
196:
195:
189:
188:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
59:
58:
50:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5663:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Garden plants
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5614:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5238:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5084:
5077:
5074:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5012:
5009:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4774:. almanac.com
4773:
4767:
4764:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4727:
4725:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:, p. 420, at
4707:
4706:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:, p. 513, at
4689:
4688:
4681:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4642:, p. 302, at
4641:
4640:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:, p. 188, at
4497:
4496:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:, p. 207, at
4470:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:, p. 158, at
4396:
4395:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4378:(4): 417–428.
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4289:
4277:. pss.uvm.edu
4276:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4228:
4225:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:(sect. Hebea)
4095:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:(sect. Hebea)
4064:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:(sect. Hebea)
4003:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:(sect. Hebea)
3246:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:(sect. Hebea)
3122:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:van der Burgt
2813:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:(sect. Hebea)
2549:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:(sect. Hebea)
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1739:
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1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
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1713:
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1708:
1704:
1699:
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1689:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:(sect. Hebea)
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1197:Philipp Ernst
1194:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1001:
996:
992:
986:
981:
978:
974:
967:
962:
958:
954:
953:
946:
941:
937:
936:Nectar guides
933:
929:
923:
918:
915:
914:
907:
902:
899:
895:
889:
884:
881:
880:
873:
868:
864:
858:
853:
847:
846:
838:
833:
828:
827:
820:
815:
811:
810:
803:
798:
793:
791:
789:
788:
783:
779:
775:
770:
769:for display.
768:
763:
755:
751:
750:
744:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
676:
674:
668:
664:
660:
656:
654:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
595:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:. The genera
539:
535:
530:
528:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:(Iridaceae).
507:
503:
500:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
479:
478:
466:
462:
458:
455:
451:
447:
446:
442:
438:
435:
430:
427:
422:
419:
416:
412:
409:
406:
402:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
349:
346:
341:
338:
333:
330:
327:
323:
320:
317:
313:
309:
306:
303:
299:
296:
291:
288:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
257:
252:
247:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
208:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:Tracheophytes
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
66:
65:
60:
56:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
26:
23: and
22:
5249:
5227:
5220:
5207:
5206:Taxonomy of
5192:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5168:Bibliography
5153:. Retrieved
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5127:the original
5117:
5109:the original
5099:
5087:. Retrieved
5076:
5064:. Retrieved
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5038:
5029:
5023:Google Books
5021:, p. 24, at
5016:
5011:
4999:. Retrieved
4989:
4983:
4982:"Search for
4976:
4966:
4960:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4921:21.107–115;
4918:
4910:
4906:
4895:
4892:Theophrastus
4883:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4839:
4827:. Retrieved
4823:the original
4813:
4801:. Retrieved
4797:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4766:
4754:. Retrieved
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4726:'Robinetta'"
4723:
4716:
4710:Google Books
4703:
4698:
4692:Google Books
4685:
4680:
4661:
4644:Google Books
4637:
4632:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4500:Google Books
4493:
4473:Google Books
4466:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4405:
4399:Google Books
4392:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4345:
4340:
4321:
4316:
4297:
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4253:. Retrieved
4246:
4237:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4154:
4144:
4134:
4124:
4113:
4102:
4091:
4081:
4071:
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
3999:
3989:
3979:
3969:
3959:
3948:
3938:
3928:
3918:
3907:
3897:
3887:
3876:
3866:
3855:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3795:
3785:
3775:
3765:
3755:
3745:
3735:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3685:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3631:P.J.D.Winter
3625:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3574:
3564:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3504:
3494:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3373:
3363:
3353:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3313:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3263:
3253:
3242:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3181:
3170:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3118:
3107:
3097:
3087:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3010:
3001:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2861:
2850:
2840:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2577:
2566:
2556:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2399:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2308:
2298:
2287:
2277:
2266:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2082:
2070:
2060:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1970:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1885:(L.) Gaertn.
1879:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1831:type species
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1767:
1757:
1746:
1741:C. H. Wright
1735:
1722:
1709:
1695:
1685:
1675:
1665:
1660:J.C. Manning
1652:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1543:
1532:
1527:C. H. Wright
1520:
1510:
1500:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1427:
1414:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1371:
1359:
1346:
1336:
1323:
1312:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1246:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1192:
1174:
1125:
1121:
1114:Graeco-Roman
1112:The ancient
1089:Scott Joplin
1053:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1017:
1006:
990:
972:
950:
931:
927:
911:
897:
893:
877:
862:
843:
824:
807:
785:
771:
759:
747:
738:Horticulture
717:
715:and others.
712:
708:
704:
698:
683:anthophorini
680:
672:
662:
639:
600:
596:
592:
578:
572:(similar to
567:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
531:
526:
524:
515:
504:in the iris
485:
476:
475:
474:
460:
449:
436:
428:
421:Kentrosiphon
420:
410:
400:
390:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
321:
307:
297:
290:Sphaerospora
289:
279:
269:
258:
241:
231:
215:
199:
193:Type species
178:
177:
121:
108:
95:
62:
46:
40:
5455:iNaturalist
5274:Wikispecies
4902:Dioscorides
4731:16 February
4275:"Gladiolus"
4243:"Gladiolus"
4196:gandavensis
3470:P.A.Duvign.
2907:Baker, 1901
2551:D.Delaroche
2541:G. J. Lewis
1929: [
1752:F.Delaroche
1705:) Goldblatt
1647:ex G. Lewis
1550:G. J. Lewis
1331:J.C.Manning
1200: [
1130:Koine Greek
1054:G. recurvus
1014:Cultivation
993:in Behbahan
778:chromosomes
767:cut flowers
724:Lepidoptera
564:Description
554:Oenostachys
550:Homoglossum
542:Acidanthera
450:Gladanthera
401:Oenostachys
380:Solenanthus
372:Symphydolon
340:Homoglossum
332:Ballosporum
322:Acidanthera
249: [
154:Subfamily:
138:Asparagales
115:Angiosperms
5630:Categories
5473:30066908-2
5001:2 February
4890:, include
4876:phasganion
4829:2 February
4803:14 October
4778:2 February
4671:0304354279
4417:2 February
4364:Anomalesia
4281:2 February
4229:References
4222:See also:
4216:hortulanus
2867:Gabrieljan
2470:W.D.J.Koch
2366:Gabrieljan
2242:Van Houtte
2231:M.P.de Vos
1965:Ker Gawler
1237:The genus
1215:The genus
1177:(1886) by
1145:The Smiths
1122:phasganion
1068:In culture
1029:propagated
932:hortulanus
898:hortulanus
782:tetraploid
762:hybridized
695:Hawk-moths
633:has three
546:Anomalesia
536:is in the
454:J.M.Wright
411:Anomalesia
383:Steud. ex
316:J.W.Loudon
280:Anisanthus
168:Gladioleae
158:Crocoideae
5636:Gladiolus
5408:Gladiolus
5377:FloraBase
5343:Gladiolus
5280:Gladiolus
5250:Gladiolus
5221:Gladiolus
5208:Gladiolus
5184:Gladiolus
5151:. rhs.org
5062:. rhs.org
4984:Gladiolus
4939:gladiolus
4927:Herbarius
4884:gladiolus
4724:Gladiolus
4368:Gladiolus
4346:Gladiolus
4212:Gladiolus
4192:Gladiolus
4176:colvillii
4172:Gladiolus
4160:Goldblatt
4056:G.J.Lewis
3861:Ker Gawl.
3801:Goldblatt
3781:Goldblatt
3761:G.J.Lewis
3751:Goldblatt
3741:Goldblatt
3661:Goldblatt
3651:Goldblatt
3641:G.J.Lewis
3540:F. Vaupel
3530:G.J.Lewis
3510:Goldblatt
3450:Goldblatt
3379:Goldblatt
3259:Goldblatt
3248:Delaroche
3062:Goldblatt
3052:Goldblatt
3032:Goldblatt
3022:G.J.Lewis
2897:Goldblatt
2887:G.J.Lewis
2805:Goldblatt
2745:Goldblatt
2704:Goldblatt
2633:Goldblatt
2593:Goldblatt
2531:Goldblatt
2420:Goldblatt
2227:Goldblatt
2201:Goldblatt
2160:Goldblatt
2150:G.J.Lewis
2016:Goldblatt
1996:Goldblatt
1976:Goldblatt
1842:G.J.Lewis
1805:Goldblatt
1691:Goldblatt
1681:Goldblatt
1591:Goldblatt
1506:Goldblatt
1398:Goldblatt
1366:Goldblatt
1352:(Boiss.)
1342:Goldblatt
1239:Gladiolus
1228:Gladiolus
1217:Gladiolus
1141:Morrissey
1137:Mancunian
1087:composer
1083:American
1050:cultivars
928:Gladiolus
894:Gladiolus
863:Gladiolus
650:dehiscent
589:cataphyll
558:Gladiolus
496:perennial
477:Gladiolus
429:Petamenes
356:Ophiolyza
308:Petamenes
232:Antholyza
179:Gladiolus
148:Iridaceae
85:Kingdom:
47:Gladiolus
5595:VicFlora
5587:40014607
5582:Tropicos
5338:eFloraSA
5259:Wikidata
4900:7.12.3;
4624:11916480
4575:16377653
4545:Ann. Bot
4526:25085792
4255:10 April
4087:G. Lewis
4005:G. Lewis
3995:De Wild.
3985:Bolus f.
3954:Bolus f.
3841:M. Bieb.
3771:G. Lewis
3731:G. Lewis
3671:Hook. f.
3580:Hook. f.
3570:G. Lewis
3460:Bolus f.
3349:G. Lewis
3218:Bolus f.
3176:Hook. f.
3042:G. Lewis
2977:L. Bolus
2917:G. Lewis
2835:L. Bolus
2825:G. Lewis
2673:Bolus f.
2603:G. Lewis
2572:P. Mill.
2410:L. Bolus
2262:Geerinck
2252:L. Bolus
2140:G. Lewis
2109:G. Lewis
2099:L. Bolus
2066:Eristavi
1955:De Wild.
1926:Van Geel
1915:G. Lewis
1873:T. Moore
1862:L. Bolus
1795:L. Bolus
1671:G. Lewis
1624:G. Lewis
1601:Bolus f.
1388:A.P.Ham.
1193:Gladiole
1102:in 1925.
977:Behbahan
957:Behbahan
776:with 30
754:Behbahan
722:of some
713:Dianthus
687:sunbirds
667:Behbahan
646:capsules
635:filiform
627:perianth
613:and the
574:crocuses
527:gladioli
461:Homoglad
437:Dortania
424:N.E.Br.
375:Salisb.
367:Salisb.
359:Salisb.
351:Salisb.
348:Hyptissa
343:Salisb.
335:Salisb.
223:Synonyms
210:Species
144:Family:
128:Monocots
5486:1060023
5434:2749747
5265:Q156207
5155:3 March
5133:3 March
5089:3 March
5066:3 March
5044:9 April
4967:YouTube
4935:xiphion
4913:2.101;
4880:xiphion
4756:2 March
4615:1690929
4566:2803647
4097:L.Bolus
4036:Barnard
3831:Schltr.
3821:Grossh.
3811:F.Bolus
3208:Schltr.
3135:Schltr.
3124:Andrews
3113:Herbert
2997:Mikheev
2987:F. Vaup
2400:lapmuis
2355:F. Bol.
2293:Andrews
2223:L.Bolus
1945:F.Bolus
1561:L.Bolus
1475:Kit Tan
1409:G.Lewis
1285:F.Bolus
1253:Andrews
1232:Eurasia
1211:Species
1139:singer
1126:xiphion
1085:Ragtime
959:, Iran)
794:Gallery
774:diploid
705:Petunia
691:noctuid
677:Ecology
623:stamens
499:cormous
487:gladius
441:A.Chev.
415:N.E.Br.
405:Bullock
364:Ranisia
326:Hochst.
312:Salisb.
298:Bertera
274:R.Hedw.
259:Cunonia
174:Genus:
164:Tribe:
134:Order:
89:Plantae
5556:PLANTS
5548:524985
5532:NZOR:
5421:113591
5395:113591
5317:306458
5304:110572
5291:190982
5288:APDB:
4668:
4622:
4612:
4573:
4563:
4524:
4444:(10).
4328:
4304:
4119:Thunb.
4066:Thunb.
4026:Oberm.
3721:Oberm.
3701:Thunb.
3490:Chiov.
3339:Vaupel
3309:Kuntze
3299:Marais
3269:Boiss.
3165:Gaudin
3009:(syn.
3007:Kelway
2947:Vaupel
2765:Oberm.
2725:Cufod.
2694:Vaupel
2683:Houtt.
2663:Marais
2623:Boiss.
2501:Thunb.
2386:Vaupel
2229:&
2119:Thunb.
2056:Oberm.
1895:Marais
1815:Marais
1774:Oberm.
1716:Curtis
1703:Rendle
1645:Thunb.
1465:Boiss.
1037:thrips
1022:, the
732:thrips
720:larvae
709:Zinnia
669:, Iran
619:tepals
615:petals
611:sepals
609:. The
607:bracts
603:secund
593:et al.
585:leaves
579:Their
552:, and
506:family
480:(from
465:Ingram
391:Keitia
302:Steud.
5561:GLADI
5525:49747
5499:43293
5481:IRMNG
5460:59945
5403:FoAO2
5382:21248
5369:1GLAG
5356:61025
5330:8VXVR
4915:Pliny
4750:(PDF)
4522:JSTOR
4150:Baker
4140:Baker
4108:Baker
3924:Baker
3621:Baker
3611:Baker
3480:Baker
3430:Baker
3329:Diels
3289:Verd.
3187:Baker
3145:Klatt
3103:Baker
3093:Baker
3082:Baker
3072:Rolfe
2967:Baker
2937:Eckl.
2856:Baker
2775:Sweet
2714:Baker
2643:Baker
2491:Baker
2460:Jacq.
2440:Stapf
2396:Jacq.
2335:Kunze
2304:Baker
2283:Baker
2272:Jacq.
2211:Jacq.
2190:Baker
2130:Baker
2088:Baker
2077:Lehm.
2006:Baker
1986:Baker
1933:]
1852:Baker
1785:Herb.
1729:Aiton
1612:Jacq.
1538:Baker
1516:Harms
1495:Baker
1485:Klatt
1455:Baker
1434:Klatt
1354:Stapf
1297:Herb.
1204:]
1118:Pluto
1024:corms
1005:Wild
971:Wild
746:Wild
653:seeds
642:ovary
631:style
581:stems
570:corms
492:genus
482:Latin
395:Regel
385:Klatt
284:Sweet
270:Hebea
263:Mill.
253:]
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
5569:POWO
5520:NCBI
5494:ITIS
5468:IPNI
5447:4969
5442:GRIN
5429:GBIF
5364:EPPO
5312:BOLD
5299:APNI
5157:2018
5135:2018
5091:2018
5068:2018
5046:2018
5003:2017
4882:and
4831:2017
4805:2020
4780:2017
4758:2018
4733:2018
4666:ISBN
4620:PMID
4571:PMID
4419:2017
4362:and
4326:ISBN
4302:ISBN
4283:2017
4257:2014
4046:Kies
2755:Lam.
1422:Vlok
1135:The
1116:god
693:and
640:The
34:and
5608:WFO
5507:NBN
5416:FoC
5390:FNA
5351:EoL
5325:CoL
4610:PMC
4602:doi
4598:269
4561:PMC
4553:doi
4446:doi
1195:by
1128:in
1124:or
1060:'s
1018:In
975:in
529:).
494:of
314:ex
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4988:.
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4894:,
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4796:.
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4618:.
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4458:^
4442:99
4440:.
4436:.
4384:^
4376:11
4374:.
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4245:.
4214:×
4203:×
4194:×
4183:×
4174:×
3913:L.
3882:L.
3409:L.
2481:L.
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1931:nl
1826:L.
1377:L.
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930:×
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734:.
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