50:
73:
422:, which migrates from its breeding grounds in Madagascar to East Africa; in contrast the black-winged pratincole migrates from the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia to West and Southern Africa. The migration, which can measure 10,000 km (6,200 mi) in distance, is often undertaken as a single non-stop flight and is flown at high altitude. The coursers are not particularly migratory, although the
452:
street lights. Swarming insects, such as locusts or termites, are particularly targeted. Coursers are exclusively terrestrial, and feed in a plover-like fashion, running, then stopping to scan for prey before moving on. Some species may dig for insects in soft soil with their bills. In addition to insects, coursers may also take molluscs and some seeds.
31:
451:
Insects form the majority of the diet of the
Glareolidae. The pratincoles forage mainly on the wing, but are able to take prey on the ground as well. They are opportunistic, and have been recorded attending herds of antelope to snatch insects flushed up by their movement, or even insects attracted to
402:
The coursers are typically found in open and arid environments such as deserts and scrub. The three-banded courser and bronze-winged courser are exceptions, being found in woodland and usually away from open land. The subfamily is usually also associated with lowland areas, although the
442:
in their habits, and are generally inconspicuous, particularly the woodland species. They are not as social as the highly gregarious and noisy pratincoles, some species of which may also be active at dawn and dusk.
407:
is found in southern Africa's Afro-alpine areas. The pratincoles are associated with wetlands, rivers, estuaries and other inland waterways. As with the coursers there are exceptions, particularly the
272:
have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails. They have a buoyant flight that allows them the unusual (for the order) hunting technique of taking their
692:
818:
731:
284:
have long legs, which are used to run (giving the group its name). The wings are shorter and have a more sustained flight than that of the pratincoles.
666:
426:
does migrate from the northern extremes of its range in the winter. The coursers are fairly nomadic, but do not undertake long-distance migrations.
705:
49:
523:
780:
710:
718:
601:
588:
72:
645:
469:
736:
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59:
253:), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to be only distantly related (basal of clade Charadrii).
408:
813:
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149:
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767:
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423:
419:
404:
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in Africa, which is where the family achieves its greatest diversity, although fossils of the genus
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226:
351:
246:
124:
40:
653:
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415:
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329:
802:
367:
619:
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518:. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 364–383.
277:
477:
723:
679:
573:
435:
382:
Ballmann, 1979 Early
Miocene of the Czech Republic and Middle Miocene of Germany
209:
191:
165:
134:
30:
309:
269:
238:
169:
564:
439:
317:
313:
293:
202:
84:
336:
also from
European deposits. The older glareolid fossils are of the genus
558:
183:
104:
281:
242:
195:
176:
264:
The feature that defines the family from the rest of the order is the
305:
297:
273:
94:
684:
671:
535:
234:
301:
280:. The wings also allow for long migrations in some species. The
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230:
114:
539:
632:
268:, which is arched and has the nostrils at the base. The
514:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
360:
G. Mayr and R. Smith, 2001 Early
Oligocene of Belgium
237:
suborder Lari. It contains two distinct groups, the
548:
509:
332:of Europe, while of similar age is of the extinct
376:(Švec, 1980) Early Miocene of the Czech Republic
511:"Family Glareolidae (Coursers and Pratincoles)"
414:Some species of pratincole are long-distance
8:
256:The family contains 17 species in 4 genera.
478:"Sandpipers, snipes, Crab-plover, coursers"
536:
418:. Shorter migrations include those of the
48:
29:
20:
340:from the Lower Miocene of North America.
411:which breeds and feeds on open steppes.
388:Ballmann, 1979 Middle Miocene of Germany
461:
503:
501:
499:
484:. International Ornithologists' Union
292:The pratincoles and coursers have an
7:
819:Taxa named by Christian Ludwig Brehm
747:49ead22b-20dc-407f-aa39-875cad12cb22
659:1999382d-244a-444d-b0c0-4a991af078a9
296:distribution, occurring in southern
343:The fossil genera and species are:
516:Handbook of the Birds of the World
14:
482:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
324:belonging to an extinct species
316:. The family is thought to have
71:
1:
350:G. Mayr and R. Smith, 2001
835:
162:
157:
68:Scientific classification
66:
56:
47:
37:
28:
24:Pratincoles and coursers
23:
364:Paractiornis perpusillus
288:Distribution and habitat
60:Cursorius coromandelicus
409:black-winged pratincole
374:Mioglareola dolnicensis
508:Maclean, G.L. (1996).
276:prey on the wing like
768:Paleobiology Database
424:cream-colored courser
420:Madagascar pratincole
654:Fauna Europaea (new)
476:, eds. (July 2021).
392:"Gallinago" veterior
380:Mioglareola gregaria
334:Mioglareola gregaria
358:Boutersemia parvula
348:Boutersemia belgica
328:are known from the
251:Pluvianus aegyptius
38:Little pratincole,
472:; Donsker, David;
405:Burchell's courser
796:
795:
755:Open Tree of Life
542:Taxon identifiers
525:978-84-87334-20-7
474:Rasmussen, Pamela
434:The coursers are
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826:
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724:NBNSYS0000160064
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447:Diet and feeding
386:Glareola neogena
326:Glareola neogena
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57:Indian courser,
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352:Early Oligocene
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247:Egyptian plover
245:. The atypical
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125:Charadriiformes
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41:Glareola lactea
17:
16:Family of birds
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641:Fauna Europaea
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396:Early Pliocene
394:Jánossy, 1979
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366:Wetmore, 1930
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330:Middle Miocene
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814:Bird families
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368:Early Miocene
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486:. Retrieved
481:
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357:
347:
342:
338:Paractiornis
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223:Glareolidae
222:
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182:
175:
144:
58:
39:
18:
809:Glareolidae
680:iNaturalist
594:Glareolidae
580:Glareolidae
574:Wikispecies
550:Glareolidae
488:19 December
470:Gill, Frank
436:crepuscular
370:of Nebraska
308:(including
270:pratincoles
260:Description
239:pratincoles
210:Rhinoptilus
192:Cursoriinae
170:Pratincoles
166:Glareolinae
145:Glareolidae
803:Categories
456:References
398:of Hungary
354:of Belgium
310:Madagascar
131:Suborder:
440:nocturnal
430:Behaviour
314:Australia
294:Old World
203:Cursorius
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
559:Wikidata
416:migrants
322:Glareola
282:coursers
278:swallows
243:coursers
241:and the
196:Coursers
184:Glareola
150:CL Brehm
141:Family:
105:Chordata
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
565:Q217272
318:evolved
312:), and
233:in the
177:Stiltia
158:Genera
121:Order:
111:Class:
786:196043
760:980445
744:NZOR:
711:176756
698:105032
522:
306:Africa
298:Europe
274:insect
227:family
152:, 1831
781:WoRMS
773:39595
737:43314
693:IRMNG
646:10780
620:623H5
607:52516
235:wader
231:birds
225:is a
732:NCBI
706:ITIS
685:4590
672:5245
667:GBIF
633:8004
602:BOLD
520:ISBN
490:2021
438:and
302:Asia
266:bill
135:Lari
115:Aves
719:NBN
628:EoL
615:CoL
589:AFD
229:of
805::
783::
770::
757::
734::
721::
708::
695::
682::
669::
656::
643::
630::
617::
604::
591::
576::
561::
498:^
480:.
304:,
300:,
198:)
172:)
528:.
492:.
249:(
194:(
168:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
