41:
637:
part of the industrial and commercial life. They led in trade and other services. Jews were also represented in the
Municipal Authorities at this time. There were 22 members of the Town Council who were Jewish in 1924 and during municipal elections that year there were 23 Jews elected. Not only were they thriving in the economy, the Jewish life was also ideal culturally and religiously at this time. Cultural and religious life was centered around two synagogues in the city, one on Mickiewicza Street and another newer one on Piekarska Street.
778:
609:
though there were only a few Jewish families during the 18th century, when the 19th century came around there was already a Jewish community forming including their own cemetery and synagogue. It was not until the later half of the 19th century that Jewish people started really settling into the city. The Jews settling in
Gorlice at that time were mostly settling in the area by the market square and its nearby streets. This area that most Jews were settling in would in the future, under German occupation, become the
67:
86:
1337:
1448:
621:
523:
650:
441:
57:
859:
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898:
534:. On May 1, 1915, the combined forces of Austria-Hungary and Germany initiated artillery barrages against Russian soldiers stationed on the battle line stretching from Gorlice to Tarnow. The following day, Austro-German infantry units launched an unsuccessful attack near Tarnow. In Gorlice, the weakened Russian forces were unable to defend against the Austrian and German attackers. On May 6,
154:
93:
629:(4,755) were Jews. Just in the city of Gorlice itself, there were 2,257 Jews out of the around 5,000 residents of the city which is close to 50%. The population of Jews in Gorlice grew to 7.5% of the Gorlice district composed of Jews in 1910 and 51% of residents in the City of Gorlice were Jewish at that time (3,495 out of 6,600).
515:
506:, in May 1915. Extremely heavy and prolonged fighting took place here, Gorlice frequently changed hands, and as a result, the town was completely destroyed. Hence the "Gorlice fair" or "Gorlice days" held every year during the May Bank Holidays and adjoining days, which are enjoyed by many visitors both domestic and from abroad.
40:
946:
Początki Gorlic wiążą się z osobą stolnika sandomierskiego Dersława I Karwacjana, pochodzącego z rodu krakowskich bankierów i kupców. On to, w uznaniu zasług w 1354 roku otrzymuje od króla
Kazimierza Wielkiego przywilej utworzenia miasta u zbiegu Ropy i Sękówki. Początkowo Gorlice rządzą się prawem
640:
When World War II started in 1939, the population of the Jews in
Gorlice was back up to around 5000 which was once again above half of the residents of the city. Approximately 3,400 persons were sent to the Gorlice Ghetto. When that was liquidated in September 1942 the remaining Jews were sent to
636:
Even though the war affected the Jewish population, they were able to get back on their feet and restore their economic status to what it was pre-war. 90% of shops in
Gorlice were Jewish and 30% of craft workshops. Jews contributed much to the Gorlice economy and their activity was an important
616:
In the 19th century, when more Jews started settling inside of
Gorlice, the current non-Jewish residents worked mostly in crafts and agriculture. At the time that the Jews were moving into Gorlice, there was also the discovery of oil in the Gorlice region in that later half of the 19th century.
608:
In the 18th century there were a few Jewish families living in
Gorlice. When the Jews first settled in Gorlice they were mostly making a living through trading wine and corn. The first Jewish families also had a sawmill to process wood as well as trading items like wine, corn, and tobacco. Even
1031:
2 maja 1915 roku rozpoczęła się wielka ofensywa wojsk państw centralnych przeciwko armii rosyjskiej. Bitwa pod
Gorlicami uznana została za jedną z największych na froncie wschodnim – poległo w niej ponad 20 tys. żołnierzy. Miasto zapłaciło straszliwą cenę za wejście na karty historii. Zniszczone
628:
The population of the Jews in
Gorlice is not well documented or reliable before the latter half of the 19th century. There are statistics on the Jewish population from 1880 to 1910 though. Looking first at the Gorlice district in 1880 there was a total of 74,072 residents and out of those 6.4%
632:
Because of World War I, the population did drop during the period of 1910 to 1921. In 1921, after the war, there were about 2,300 Jews left, which was about 41% of the population. During World War I, the
Russian army was one of the main reasons for this drop in the number of Jews. There were
722:
is 380 metres (1,247 feet), although there are some more considerable hills located within the confines of the city. The city is nowadays situated in a heavily populated region 14.6 miles (23.5 kilometres) from Jasło, 21.2 mi (34.1 km) from Nowy Sącz, 25.5 mi (41.0 km) from
807:
Shmuel Fuhrer (1863-1942), rabbi (born in Sękowa, he was ordained at age 20 and led the Jewish community of Milowka. In 1904, he was chosen to organize the growing Jewish population of Krosno. During his thirty-five-year tenure serving the Krosno Jewish community, rabbi Fuhrer oversaw the
413:, Derslaw Karwacjan, received royal permission to found a town in a densely forested area of the Carpathian foothills. The existence of the town is mentioned in sources from 1388, 1404 and 1417. In the 15th century, Gorlice remained private property of the Karwacjan family.
758:
538:, commander of the Russian Third Army, ordered his troops to retreat. An attempt by General Radko-Dmitriev to counterattack on May 7 and 8 resulted in disaster for the Russians, as German reinforcements outnumbered the defenders. The following spring,
617:
While the non-Jewish residents were working with agriculture, the Jews were prevailing in the oil industry with trade and development. In 1874, Jewish investors helped with the development of an oil refinery, along with another one nearby in 1883.
588:
When Gorlice was first founded there were not any Jewish communities. Most of the Jews in the area would live in villages or Polish landowners estates. There were a few reasons for Jews at this time to not live within Gorlice. One was the
45:
Top: Aerial view of Gorlice; 2nd left: Gorlice City Hall and City Square; 2nd right: A monument of the first timekerosene lamp set place; bottom left: Sztuki Dwor Karwacjanow Gallery in Wroblewskiege; bottom right: Three Maja
1538:
605:
This was a ruling that some cities had during the 16th century, forbidding Jews from living in them. (These were anti-Semitic edicts, used to prevent competition in business and other areas of work).
416:
The town quickly developed, becoming a regional center of crafts and trade. In 1504, Jan Karwacjan received royal permission for two fairs annually and a weekly market. In the period known as
561:. This resulted in widespread unemployment, street demonstrations and increased popularity of Communist ideology among local workers. On 1 May 1936, a May Day rally attracted 20,000 people.
1523:
593:, by living outside of Gorlice in villages or on estates, the Jewish communities did not have to follow the city's laws. Some of the suburbs that Jews did live in were
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853:
479:
province (Crown land). By mid-19th century, the population of Gorlice reached 4000. The town entered the period of its prosperity after its 1854–1858 resident
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Belzec, the first mass extermination camp, where the Nazis perfected their use of the gas chamber. It achieved an average kill rate of 50,000 a month.
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554:
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601:, Strezeszyn, Marianpolski and Magdaleni. Another reason that Jews were not residing in Gorlice in earlier times was because of "
457:
1336:
85:
420:, Gorlice prospered. Its artisans and merchants had contacts not only with other Polish towns, but also with merchants from
66:
1010:
Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
542:, commander of the Russian Eighth Army, launched a counteroffensive that nearly destroyed the Austro-Hungarian Army. The
1502:
1274:
284:
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1407:
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432:(1655–60) brought widespread destruction: the population of Gorlice fell from 1200 (in 1657) to only 284 (in 1662).
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715:
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573:
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rapes, robberies, and murders, and many Jews fled Gorlice to other countries and never came back after the war.
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487:
in 1853. In a few years, sprawling oil wells emerged in Gorlice, and the town was called the cradle of Polish
386:
1528:
1267:
535:
1467:
1400:
550:
460:). In 1806, the Austrian government sold the town to a local nobleman, Jan Nepomucen Stadnicki of Roznow.
425:
166:
557:. Since local oil wells had been almost exhausted, the center of Polish oil industry moved eastwards, to
424:. In the second half of the 16th century, Gorlice became property of the Odrowaz family, which supported
1217:
263:
828:
781:
56:
568:). During the war, the town's Jewish community was first herded by Nazi Germans into the newly formed
719:
707:
449:
273:
1250:
990:
1139:
840:
728:
565:
543:
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By early 20th century, the population of Gorlice grew to 6000, but its development was halted by
488:
480:
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336:
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620:
546:, as it is known, is regarded as one of the most successful operations in the First World War.
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831:(1822-1882), pharmacist, engineer, inventor, petroleum industry pioneer (lived in the town)
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522:
331:
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649:
530:
During the First World War, Gorlice played a strategically significant role in the 1915
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808:
establishment of a Jewish cemetery. In 1942, the Germans shot and killed rabbi Fuhrer.)
795:
610:
569:
440:
390:
183:
491:; its rapid industrialization was spurred with the construction of a railroad (1883).
1517:
1423:
1356:
1351:
872:
484:
421:
858:
1487:
1326:
801:
703:
594:
464:
1021:
378:
452:(Treaty of St-Petersburg dated 5 July 1772), the town area was attributed to the
1321:
1046:"Prof. Szlanta: sukces ofensywy Brusiłowa mógł zapobiec rewolucji bolszewickiej"
711:
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20:
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1088:"Karta historii. Niechciana Armia Radziecka wkroczyła do Gorlic w 1945 roku"
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881:
577:
558:
374:
947:
polskim, początkiem XV wieku przeniesione zostają na prawo magdeburskie.
980:
Atlas des peuples d'Europe centrale, André et Jean Sellier, 1991, p. 88
906:
902:
897:
406:
362:
280:
259:
178:
159:
727:, and 62.6 mi (100.7 km) from Kraków. Gorlice is known in
471:, head (since 1865) of the county with the same name, one of the 78
365:
with around 29,500 inhabitants (2008). It is situated south east of
514:
1290:
932:, Urząd Miejski w Gorlicach (Gorlice City Council), archived from
857:
776:
598:
513:
439:
358:
190:
817:
Eugeniusz Kozierowski, 19th century physician (Using a method of
1392:
564:
The German occupation of Gorlice began on 7 September 1939 (see
1396:
1263:
804:(1882–1974), American real estate developer and philanthropist
706:
river valleys, surrounded by several mountain ranges of the
1539:
Populated places in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
315:
463:
Until 1918, the town remained part of Austria-Hungary (
350:
1218:"Jewish Families from Biecz, Poland genealogy project"
1455:
1430:
1344:
1314:
584:
History of Jews in Gorlice before German occupation
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177:
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714:) massive. It is located in the heartland of the
16:Municipality in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
672:Gorlicki Klub Piłki Siatkowej – men's volleyball
624:Church of the Nativity of Virgin Mary in Gorlice
687:Klub Narciarski Magura P&P Gorlice – skiing
444:Austrian KK stamp issue 1861, cancelled GORLICE
1020:Urząd Miejski w Gorlicach (30 December 2015),
854:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
666:Miejski Klub Sportowy w Gorlicach – basketball
1524:Cities and towns in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
1408:
1275:
1116:"Gorlice Yizkor Book, Poland Pages 9–20]"
1024:[Bitwa, która zmieniła losy Europy],
1022:"The battle which changed the fate of Europe"
498:. The city was the focal point of the German
8:
1026:O Gorlicach. GORLICE – musisz tu przyjechać!
1415:
1401:
1393:
1282:
1268:
1260:
28:
26:Place in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
825:, he diagnosed neoplastic pylorostenosis)
710:, namely their part called Beskid Niski (
518:An early 20th century postcard of Gorlice
648:
619:
521:
401:Gorlice was founded during the reign of
357:) is a city and an urban municipality ("
918:
843:(1825–1903), priest, Jesuit, and artist
310:
300:
290:
252:
231:
218:
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109:
78:
50:
37:
693:Grupetto Gorlice – cycling and running
1544:Historic Jewish communities in Poland
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176:
164:
7:
678:Gorlicki Klub Zapaśniczy – wrestling
456:(for more details, read the article
228:23.56 km (9.10 sq mi)
740:
663:GKS Glinik – associtation football
389:(1975–1998). It is the capital of
14:
690:Gorlicki Klub Cyklistów – cycling
1446:
1335:
896:
880:
862:Sign in Pápa showing twin towns.
756:
669:KRS Ekstrim – women's volleyball
653:Sports infrastructure in Gorlice
458:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
152:
91:
84:
65:
55:
39:
92:
1199:. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
1:
1534:Holocaust locations in Poland
1431:Seat (not part of the gmina)
1032:zostało ponad 80% zabudowań.
718:, and its average elevation
385:(since 1999), previously in
1245:Jewish Community in Gorlice
1140:"De Non Tolerandis Judaeis"
681:LKS Pogórze – weightlifting
603:De non tolerandis Judaeis".
405:in 1354. In that year, the
351:
249:1,300/km (3,200/sq mi)
1560:
1170:"History | Virtual Shtetl"
851:
702:The city lies between the
576:. On 16 January 1945, the
430:Swedish invasion of Poland
18:
1444:
1333:
1301:
814:(born 1945), immunologist
767:Panoramic view of Gorlice
732:
684:Maraton Gorlice – running
675:MKS Radość – table tennis
448:As a result of the first
383:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
340:
110:
79:
51:
38:
1028:, Gorlice City Council,
867:Twin towns—Sister cities
532:Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive
500:Gorlice-Tarnów Offensive
473:Bezirkshauptmannschaften
19:Not to be confused with
961:"Historia miejscowości"
848:International relations
798:(born 1983), footballer
792:(born 1967), politician
540:General Alexei Brusilov
1142:. Israel National News
863:
785:
654:
625:
553:, Gorlice belonged to
551:Second Polish Republic
536:General Radko-Dmitriev
527:
519:
445:
426:Protestant Reformation
1382:Gmina Uście Gorlickie
861:
837:(1984–2007), novelist
780:
652:
623:
572:and then murdered at
526:Gorlice market square
525:
517:
443:
387:Nowy Sącz Voivodeship
332:[ɡɔrˈlʲit͡sɛ]
316:http://www.gorlice.pl
272: • Summer (
130:49.65472°N 21.15972°E
733:as Horlytsi, Горлиці
708:Carpathian Mountains
361:") in south eastern
246: • Density
1118:. www.jewishgen.org
1067:"Getto w Gorlicach"
926:UM Gorlice (2018),
580:liberated Gorlice.
450:Partition of Poland
126: /
1315:Urban-rural gminas
864:
841:Antoni Reichenberg
829:Ignacy Łukasiewicz
786:
782:Ignacy Łukasiewicz
741:גאָרליץ as Gorlitz
658:Major sports clubs
655:
626:
566:Invasion of Poland
555:Kraków Voivodeship
544:Brusilov Offensive
528:
520:
481:Ignacy Lukasiewicz
469:compromise of 1867
446:
238: • Total
225: • Total
208: • Mayor
135:49.65472; 21.15972
1511:
1510:
1390:
1389:
1367:Gmina Moszczenica
1247:on Virtual Shtetl
991:"Historia miasta"
819:transillumination
436:Age of Partitions
418:Polish Golden Age
403:Casimir the Great
349:
321:
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296:38–300 and 38–320
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1417:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1339:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1222:geni_family_tree
1214:
1208:
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901:
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885:
884:
760:
742:
734:
704:Ropa and Sękówka
591:Magdeburg Rights
477:Austrian Galicia
356:
344:
342:
334:
329:
277:
196:
158:
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1251:Gorlice, Poland
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773:Notable figures
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454:Habsburg Empire
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24:
17:
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5:
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1529:Gorlice County
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1295:Gorlice County
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1424:Gmina Gorlice
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1357:Gmina Lipinki
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1352:Gmina Gorlice
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211:Rafał Kukla (
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172:Lesser Poland
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111:Coordinates:
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1488:Kwiatonowice
1473:Dominikowice
1437:
1377:Gmina Sękowa
1345:Rural gminas
1327:Gmina Bobowa
1306:
1303:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1177:. Retrieved
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1144:. Retrieved
1120:. Retrieved
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934:the original
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802:Joseph Durst
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510:20th century
493:
489:oil industry
472:
467:) after the
465:Cisleithania
462:
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352:
323:
322:
71:Coat of arms
1362:Gmina Łużna
1322:Gmina Biecz
871:Gorlice is
796:Robert Drąg
716:Doły (Pits)
712:Low Beskids
504:World War I
496:World War I
292:Postal code
167:Voivodeship
133: /
1518:Categories
1372:Gmina Ropa
1227:2018-05-05
1203:2018-05-04
1179:2018-05-05
1146:2018-05-04
1122:2018-05-04
940:2018-05-04
913:References
852:See also:
411:Sandomierz
328:pronounced
303:Car plates
233:Population
203:Government
118:49°39′17″N
1503:Zagórzany
1493:Stróżówka
1483:Kobylanka
1255:JewishGen
1197:"Gorlice"
743:; and in
729:Ukrainian
698:Geography
379:Nowy Sącz
346:romanized
337:Ukrainian
255:Time zone
121:21°9′35″E
1498:Szymbark
1478:Klęczany
1463:Bielanka
1456:Villages
1093:15 April
1072:15 April
1051:15 April
996:15 April
966:15 April
891:Slovakia
887:Bardejov
578:Red Army
559:Boryslaw
373:between
353:Horlytsi
195:Gorlice
1438:Gorlice
1307:Gorlice
907:Hungary
873:twinned
749:Görlitz
737:Yiddish
549:In the
502:during
407:Stolnik
397:History
381:in the
348::
341:Горлиці
324:Gorlice
312:Website
184:Gorlice
147:Country
99:Gorlice
33:Gorlice
21:Görlitz
1468:Bystra
1291:Gminas
875:with:
745:German
725:Tarnów
574:Belzec
371:Tarnów
367:Kraków
363:Poland
241:29,500
179:County
160:Poland
157:
46:Street
1304:Seat:
747:: as
735:; in
645:Sport
599:Siary
375:Jasło
359:gmina
281:UTC+2
260:UTC+1
191:Gmina
1095:2020
1074:2020
1053:2020
998:2020
968:2020
903:Pápa
377:and
285:CEST
220:Area
61:Flag
1293:of
1253:at
475:in
409:of
307:KGR
274:DST
264:CET
1520::
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213:NL
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23:.
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