Göttingen - Knowledge (XXG)

3941: 281: 1298:) and the territory of Brunswick. These dukes joined Göttingen and surrounding towns in battles against aristocratic knights in the surroundings of Göttingen, in the course of which the citizens of Göttingen succeeded in destroying the fortress of Grone between 1323 and 1329, as well as the fortress of Rosdorf. Since Otto the Mild died without leaving any children, his brothers Magnus and Ernest divided the land between themselves. Ernest I received Göttingen, the poorest of all the Welf principalities, which was to remain separate from Brunswick for a long time to come. At this time, the territory consisted of the regions formerly owned by Northeim, the towns of Göttingen, Uslar, Dransfeld, Münden, Gieselwerder and half of Moringen. Not much is known about the rule of Duke Ernest I, but it is generally assumed that he continued to fight against aristocratic knights. 287: 1310:

After losing control of the provincial court at the Leineberg to Göttingen in 1375, Otto finally tried to impose his influence on Göttingen in 1387, but with little success. In April 1387, Göttingen's citizens stormed and destroyed the fortress within the city's walls. In retaliation, Otto destroyed villages and farms in the town's surroundings. However, Göttingen's citizens gained a victory over the Duke's army in a battle between the villages of Rosdorf and Grone, under their leader Moritz of Uslar, forcing Otto to acknowledge the independence of the town and its surrounding properties. 1387 thus marks an important turning point in the history of the town. Göttingen's relative autonomy was further strengthened under Otto's successor Otto II "the One-eyed" of Göttingen (

288: 252: 284: 285: 240: 1058:, is given as the lord over Göttingen between 1201 and 1208. The original Welf residency in the town consisted of a farm building and the stables of the Welf dukes, which occupied the oldest part of the city's fortifications built prior to 1250. In its early days, Göttingen became involved in the conflicts of the Welfs with their enemies. The initial conflicts in the first decades of the 13th century benefited the burghers of Göttingen, who were able to use the political and military situation to be courted by various parties, thus forcing the Welf town lords to make certain compromises with the town. In a document from 1232, Duke 3665: 894: 282: 1451: 3383: 4292: 236: 3204: 279: 191: 3177: 747: 249: 248: 1334: 5291: 1526: 339: 6115: 307: 258: 3645: 271: 251: 3372: 270: 3089: 268: 3556: 2778: 4217: 1557: 216: 250: 3655: 206: 1750: 2827:. In 1746, Catholic services in Göttingen were resumed, at first only for the students of the new university, but a year later for all citizens who wished to attend. However, it was not until 1787 that the first Catholic church since the Reformation, St. Michael's, was built. In 1929 a second Catholic church, St. Paul's, was erected. Today, the major religions are Lutheran and Catholicism. In addition, there has been a 4235: 4199: 3164: 239: 1360:). After completion of the work on St John's Church, the rebuilding of St James's Church was begun in the second half of the 14th century. The original, smaller church that preceded this building was probably initiated by Henry the Lion or his successor, and functioned as a fortress chapel to the city fortress that lay immediately behind it. The representative old town hall was built between 1366 and 1444. 1192:) west of the original town, across the Leine Canal and outside of the Groner City Gate. This competing settlement consisted of a single street, no more than 73 metres (80 yd) long, with houses on either side of the street. The Duke, however, could not prevent Göttingen's westward expansion nor the success of the Göttingen City Council in effectively checking any hope of economic development in the 4310: 1149: 1070: 5301: 2921: 2681: 1342: 886: 50: 3128: 3115: 3102: 3194: 3151: 906: 1427:, to the first meeting of which it was invited in 1351. Göttingen's relationship with the Hanseatic League remained distant, however. As an inland town, Göttingen enjoyed the economic connections of the League, but it did not want to get involved in the politics of the alliance. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and left as early as 1572. 1408:. From 1475, textile production was augmented by the addition of new weavers who brought novel weaving techniques to Göttingen and consolidated the position of the town as a textile exporter for three generations. Only at the end of the 16th century did the decline of the local textile industry occur when Göttingen could not compete anymore with cheap 346: 314: 3025:

rights. In the bottom field is a golden lion on a red field. This lion represents the lion of the Welf dynasty, which in its various branches ruled the area of Göttingen for 850 years. This coat of arms was first documented in 1278. The city has sometimes used a simpler one, consisting of a black capital "G" on a golden field, topped with a crown.

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came from Otto I's incessant feuds. Breaking with the policies of his predecessors, he frequently aligned himself with the aristocratic knights of the neighbourhood in battles against the cities, whose growing power disturbed him. Under Otto the Evil, Göttingen gained a large degree of independence.

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With time, a trading settlement started to form at the river crossing of the Leine to the west of the village, from which it took its name. It is this settlement that was eventually given city rights. The original village remained recognisable as a separate entity until about 1360, at which time it

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was established. During the Austro-Prussian War (1866), the Kingdom of Hanover had attempted to maintain a neutral position. After Hanover voted in favor of mobilizing confederation troops against Prussia on 14 June 1866, Prussia saw this as a just cause for declaring war. In 1868, the Kingdom of

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of Göttingen shows in the top half three silver towers with red roofs on a field of blue. The lateral towers possess four windows each and are crowned by golden crosses. Around the central tower are four silver balls. The city towers represent the status as a city which has been granted certain

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There was considerable support in the population of Göttingen for Hitler and Nazism from the start of the National Socialist era. As early as 1933 the Theaterplatz (Theater Square) was renamed Adolf-Hitlerplatz, and by the end of World War II 70 streets had been renamed in reference to the Nazi

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The fortress then lost its function as a palace in 1025, after Henry II died there, having retreated to it in ill health. It was subsequently used by the lords of Grone. The fortress was destroyed by the citizens of Göttingen between 1323 and 1329, and finally razed to the ground by Duke Otto I

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After Duke Otto I of Göttingen relinquished his jurisdiction over Jews to the town of Göttingen in the years 1369–70, conditions for Jews greatly deteriorated, and several bloody persecutions and evictions from the town followed. Between 1460 and 1599, no Jews lived in Göttingen at all.

1683:, were heavily damaged. The Institute of Anatomy and 57 residential buildings, especially in Untere Masch Street in the centre of the city, were completely destroyed. Overall, only about 107 deaths were caused by the air raids, a comparatively small number. However, the neighbouring 840:, the inner city of Göttingen is now an attractive place to live with many shops, cafes and bars. For this reason, many university students live in the inner city and give Göttingen a youthful feel. In 2003, 45% of the inner city population was only between 18 and 30 years of age. 1447:, declare the town of Göttingen outlawed. The subsequent tensions economically weakened Göttingen, leading to the town finally paying its homage to Eric I in 1512. Afterward the relationship between Eric and the town improved, because of Eric's financial dependence on Göttingen. 246: 1164:

inherited their father's territories. Duke Albrecht I governed for his brother, a minor, at first. Subsequently, the brothers agreed to divide the territory between themselves in 1267, effective 1269. The city of Göttingen went to Albert I, and was inherited by his son Duke

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settled in Göttingen in the late 13th century. On 1 March 1289, the Duke gave the City Council permission to allow the first Jew, Moses, to settle inside the town limits. The subsequent Jewish population lived predominantly close to St. James's Church on the

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The city's population has increased since the Middle Ages. With the arrival of the early modern period, the growth rate greatly accelerated. The population peaked at 132,100 in 1985. In 2004, it stood at 129,466, of which around 24,000 were students.

1066:. These included privileges concerning self-governance of the town, protection of traders, and facilitating trade. At this time Göttingen possessed a city council of burghers. The names of council members are first given in a document from 1247. 264: 1399:

weavers, the guild of wool weavers gained in importance. The wool for the weaving originated in the immediate surroundings of the town, where up to 3000 sheep and 1500 lambs were kept. Woollen cloth was successfully exported all the way to the

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Like most German cities, the town is bicycle-friendly, with bicycle paths throughout the commercial areas (except for in pedestrian-only shopping areas) and beyond. The time to pedal downtown from the outskirts is fifteen to twenty minutes.

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In 1584 the city came into the possession of the dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, also of the Welf dynasty, and in 1635 it passed to the house of Lüneburg, which ruled it thenceforth. In 1692 it was named as part of the indivisible territory

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The trend towards ever diminishing Welf influence over the town continued until the end of the 15th century, although the town officially remains a Welf property. Nevertheless, it is counted in some contemporaneous documents among the

1371:. In the course of this construction work, the four city gates were moved farther out, and the town's area grew to roughly 75 hectares (190 acres). The city council forged alliances with surrounding towns, and Göttingen joined the 1386:

was the growing economic strength of the town. This depended largely on its good connections with the north–south trade route, particularly the north–south trade route that followed the Leine Valley, which greatly aided the local

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or leave the church. This trend is especially noticeable since the 1990s, percentagewise between 1990 and 2014 the Protestants in Göttingen dropped from 56.2 to 40.6% and the Catholics dropped from 17.1 to 15.6%.

3005:. In the following decades there were more reforms to the city administration, which reflected the constitutional and territorial reorganisations of Germany. During the Third Reich the mayor was appointed by the 254: 686: 266: 2993:(mayor). In 1669 the number of councillors was reduced to 16, and later to 12. In 1690 the city administration was reorganised again. Then the council consisted of the judge, two mayors, the city lawyer ( 1318:), not least because the Welf line of Brunswick-Göttingen died out with Otto II, and the resulting questions surrounding his succession after his abdication in 1435 destabilized the regional aristocracy. 1113:

The town was initially protected by a rampart, as of the late 13th century, then also by walls on top of the mound-like ramparts. Of these, only one tower with a short stretch of the wall survives in the

261: 259: 4868: 2989:(29 September). Starting in 1611 all citizens were able to elect the 24 councillors. Previously this right was restricted and depended on income and profession. Afterwards, the council elected the 1660:, Göttingen suffered comparatively little damage. Only about 2.1% of the city was destroyed. Beginning in July 1944, the air raids were sometimes heavier, but these mainly hit the area of the main 1349:

The 14th and 15th centuries thus represent a time of political and economic power expansion, which is also reflected in the contemporary architecture. The expansion of the St. Johannis Church to a

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107.1 MHz and covers all parts of the city and some surrounding towns and villages. Its hourly news bulletins are the population's main source of local news. Additionally, the radio stations

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monastery was built as early as 1268, according to the city chronicler Franciscus Lubecus. Since the Franciscans walked barefoot as part of their vow of poverty, they were known colloquially as

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Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own quaint traditions. On the day they are awarded their doctorate degrees, students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the

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suffered greatly as a result. The Göttingen eight were expelled, and these men were forced to emigrate to the West in 1938. Szilárd and Teller went on to become key members of the

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During the 1930s, Göttingen housed the top math-physics faculty in the world, led by eight men, almost all Jews, who became known as the Göttingen eight. Their members included

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regime or military topics. The absorption of Nazi culture into the everyday life of the citizens of Göttingen has been documented by historian David Imhoof. The

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In 1946 the authorities of the British Occupation Zone, to which Göttingen then belonged, introduced a communal constitution which reflected the British model.

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arrived in Göttingen on 8 April 1945, all of the Wehrmacht's combat units had departed from this area, hence Göttingen experienced no heavy ground fighting,

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has editorial offices in Göttingen. Its local news service is available for free on the internet and competes directly with the "Stadtradio" news service:

3976: 1550: 1671:, a historic half-timbered house, was destroyed in a 1945 air-raid and the exterior was not properly reconstructed until the 1980s. Two of the churches ( 1789: 4417:

Cheltenhampark, a park next to the historic city wall of Göttingen. The park is named after one of Göttingen's twin cities and is located next to the

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village). This village was only to a limited extent under Welfish control and thus could not be included in the town's privileges and fortifications.

373: 6152: 4526: 4508: 3001:, and there was also a city council. In 1831 there was another reform of the constitution and the administration. The title of the mayor changed to 2653:

The Göttingen bus system is run by the GöVB (Göttinger Verkehrsbetriebe). Buses run throughout the city and to the neighboring villages, as well as

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created a considerable popular impetus towards post-war Franco-German reconciliation. A street in the city – Barbarastraße – is named after her.

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has permanent and temporary exhibitions of historical and artistic materials, although most of the building is currently closed for renovation.

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first mentioned in a document in 953 AD. The city was founded northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200 AD, and adopted its name. In

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on 9 November 1938, as were many others throughout Germany. The Jewish community was persecuted, and many of its members were murdered in

945:. Archaeological findings point to extensive commercial relations with other regions and a developed craftsmanship in this early period. 5845: 4670: 2856:. In recent years, the Jewish community has again been flourishing, with the immigration of Jewish people from the states of the former 1510: 1491: 1464: 338: 4836: 4542: 4736: 2997:), the secretary and eight councillors. All of these were appointed by the government. During the Napoleonic era the mayor was called 470: 1082:

The area secured by the initial fortification included the old market place, the old town hall, the two main churches, St. Johannes (

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It is likely the present city was founded between 1150 and 1180, although the exact circumstances are not known. It is presumed that

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which specialises in bio-technology and measurement equipment—the region around Göttingen advertises itself as "Measurement Valley".

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Imhoof, David (2013). Becoming a Nazi Town: Culture and Politics in Göttingen between the World Wars. University of Michigan Press.

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includes an internationally significant South Seas exhibition (Cook/Forster collection) and mostly 19th-century materials from the

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After several dynastic splits and shifts in power that followed the death of Otto the One-Eyed, Duke Eric I "the Elder", Prince of

893: 4897: 1022:, and it has been proposed that the inception of the town followed a planned design. At this time, the town was known by the name 306: 6147: 3394: 3347: 1444: 833:). This practice is actually forbidden, but the law is not enforced. The statue is considered the most kissed girl in the world. 6137: 5855: 5369: 4469: 3501: 3119: 974:, with 18 visits of kings and emperors documented between 941 and 1025 AD. The last Holy Roman emperor to use the fortress of 5314: 3733: 3709: 2946: 2745: 2702: 1062:

restored to the citizens of Göttingen the rights that they had held at the time of his uncles Otto IV and Henry the Elder of

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A town council with 24 councillors dates from the 12th century. In 1319 this council took control of the new city district (

1593:'s breakthrough insights to physics, a policy which stifled the further development of physics in Germany. After the end of 4291: 2717: 86: 5697: 5257: 4813: 3664: 2942: 2698: 1733:

from 1948 to 1961. In a reform in 1973 the district of Göttingen was enlarged by incorporating the dissolved districts of

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evidence points towards a settlement as early as the 7th century. It is first historically mentioned in a document by the

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to the immediate south-east of the present city. The name of the village probably derives from a small stream, called the

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began in the first half of the 14th century. As of 1330, a Gothic structure also replaced the smaller St Nikolai Church (

1305:) (d. 1394), who initially lived in the city's fortress and attempted to make it a permanent Welf residency. The epithet 843:

Commercially, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and precision-engineered machinery, being the seat of the

5677: 4410: 3491: 3382: 2790: 1770: 1287: 979: 550: 1242:(Barefoot People's Street) for the road that led to the monastery. In 1294, Albert the Fat permitted the founding of a 3675: 3648: 3330: 2724: 1538: 1055: 93: 2931: 1796: 1180:

Albert II attempted to gain further control over the economically and politically rapidly growing town by founding a

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Emigration of Mathematicians and Transmission of Mathematics: Historical Lessons and Consequences of the Third Reich

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The local radio station Stadtradio Göttingen which is funded indirectly by the state of Lower Saxony broadcasts on

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congregations. Islam gained a foothold in Göttingen, as it did in other German cities, with the immigration of the

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in 1813 after Napoleon's defeat. In 1814 the prince-electors of Hanover were elevated to kings of Hanover and the

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Because of the city's long association with academics and scholarly journals, Göttingen has acquired the motto

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in the Historical University Library building has various temporary exhibitions, usually of a historic nature.

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were also founded on the edge of the town at the end of the 13th century. To the east, in the area of today's

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are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organised as a true city. It was not, however, a

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period. Their impact was essential on romanticism in the German-speaking area and on folklore in general.

825:-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the 205: 5052: 4649:, Joachim Schwermer, & Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. (30 October – 5 November 2011). Retrievable from: 6069: 4621: 4348:

The Old City Hall (Altes Rathaus) has temporary art shows of local, regional, and international artists.

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Tamke G. & Driever R. (2012). Göttinger Straßennamen (Veröffentlichung des Stadtarchivs Göttingen (

4069: 4035: 3878: 3797: 3479: 1762: 1738: 1219:, and obtained a promise from the Duke that he would not erect any fortress within a mile of the town. 5166: 5536: 5188: 5144: 4671:

http://www.stadtarchiv.goettingen.de/strassennamen/tamke-driever%20goettinger%20strassennamen_01.pdf2

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Because the city had many hospitals, those hospitals had to take care of up to four thousand wounded

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There is a documented Jewish community dating back to the 16th century. During the Third Reich, the

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in the 1960s and 1970s. They constitute the majority of Muslims in Göttingen. Other Muslims are of

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soldiers and airmen during World War II. Göttingen was also fortunate in that before troops of the

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Ernest I was succeeded after his death in 1367 by his son Otto I of Göttingen (the Evil; German:

1215:, the city council bought up the uncomfortable competition to the west in 1319 for three hundred 1039: 990:. The current church building that occupies this site, the St. Albani Church, was built in 1423. 935: 771: 5596: 3768: 3371: 1761:, a group of German poets that had studied at this university between 1772 and 1776, formed the 775: 6009: 5747: 5632: 3851: 3812: 3777: 3742: 3506: 3386: 3320: 2879: 2369: 2321: 1653: 1582: 1570: 1546: 1420: 941:

in 953 AD, in which he gives some of his belongings in the village to the Moritz monastery in

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lies west of the medieval town center and provides links to several destinations in Germany.

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is held each summer with performances in the Stadthalle Göttingen and a number of churches.

1443:. The town refused to pay homage to Eric I in 1504, and as a result, Eric I had the Emperor 1424: 1372: 1205: 1102:

city gate lay the old village with the Church of St. Alban, which was subsequently known as

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Since the 1920s, the town has been associated with the revival of interest in the music of

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via a channel at about this time and the waterway has since been known as the Leine Canal.

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Göttingen is officially a 'University town' and is known particularly for its University.

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last on 7 April 1945. The historic old town of Göttingen remained practically undamaged.

1131: 963:, historically documented from the year 915 AD as a newly built fortress, lying opposite 866: 3654: 6024: 5979: 5924: 5797: 5777: 5095: 4954: 4646: 4418: 3981: 3909: 3842: 3821: 3696: 3555: 3469: 3406: 3353: 3310: 3262: 3244: 3232: 3207: 3197: 3181: 3088: 1749: 1642: 1460: 1007: 783: 779: 751: 4393:

Forstbotanischer Garten und Pflanzengeographisches Arboretum der Universität Göttingen

4234: 4198: 2985:) just in front of the wall. The council election took place on the Mondays following 1795:

The city is home to several ensembles such as the Göttinger Sinfonie Orchester or the

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held his first professorship here. Some of the most famous mathematicians in history,

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monastery church. For many centuries, nearly all of the population of the city were

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Unemployment in Göttingen was 12.6% in 2003 and is now 7% (March 2014). The city's

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and the German Association of International Gardens (Internationale Gärten e.V.).

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could be celebrated in the new Jewish community centre. Finally, there are many

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Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. source:

959: 6089: 5959: 5934: 5929: 5802: 5792: 5782: 5737: 5722: 5707: 5702: 5687: 5601: 5591: 5300: 3896: 3578: 3559: 3522: 3132: 3093: 3062: 3006: 2986: 2891: 1734: 1680: 1631: 1439:, annexed the principality of Göttingen, which became an integral part of the 1379:(currently Grone) and several other surrounding villages in the Leine Valley. 1363:

Around 1360, the town's fortifications were rebuilt to encompass now also the

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World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

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polar region (Baron von Asch collection) as well as major displays on Africa.

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Göttingen's traders also profited from the important trade route between

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to the west of the city centre is on Germany's main north–south railway.

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provide specific local newscasts on their affiliate local frequencies.

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stream that flowed south of the walls of the town was connected to the

1119: 1094:), as well as the large Weender Straße, Groner Straße and Rote Straße ( 708: 408: 4453: 3975:(born 1973), a former women's basketball player, played 106 times for 1852:

The following communities were incorporated in the city of Göttingen:

5807: 5556: 5531: 5506: 5491: 5430: 5414: 5399: 4645:, Report No. 51/2011; organized by June Barrow-Green, Milton-Keynes, 4556: 4502:"Stichwahlen zu Direktwahlen in Niedersachsen vom 26. September 2021" 4342: 3984:(born 1976) a field hockey midfielder and team gold medallist at the 3913: 3403:(1764–1829), author, one of a group of five academically active women 3314: 3114: 3101: 3046: 2869: 1802:

In the mid-1960s, the song named after the city by the French singer

1774: 1696: 1684: 1646: 930:

denoted "living by", the name can be understood as "along the Gote".

4955:"The 5 mosques and prayer times in Göttingen (37073) – Local Masjid" 4458: 4359:

The university has a number of significant museums and collections.

4166:

Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity

1204:

which, together with all adjoining farm buildings, was given to the

622: 4331: 4150: 3931:(born 1980), astronomer working on the oldest stars in the universe 6084: 5817: 5742: 5732: 5682: 5672: 5581: 5450: 4650: 4435: 3295:(1903–1958), a Russian Eastern Orthodox theologian exiled in Paris 3176: 3150: 3056: 2887:

origin or come from West Asia. There are two mosques in the city.

2865: 1609:

departments, a process which has continued into the 21st century.

1449: 1396: 1392: 1382:

The reason for the progressive increase in importance in the late

1147: 1068: 967:

on a hill west of the River Leine. It was subsequently used as an

745: 4875:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from 4869:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 2657:

from the station Göttingen ZOB, adjacent to the railway station.

1454:

Woodcut showing the town in the year 1585 as viewed from the west

723:

runs through it. At the end of 2019, the population was 118,911.

5712: 5561: 5511: 4268: 4116:

http://www.dlr.de/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-343/470_read-664/

4097: 3824:(1875–1953), fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist 3466:(1950–2017), an art historian, focused on historical photography 2444: 1577:. This faculty was not tolerable to the Reich, however, and the 1518:

Hanover was dissolved and Göttingen became part of the Prussian

5875: 5358: 3409:(1805–1891), art historian and oil painter with Biblical themes 918:

The origins of Göttingen can be traced back to a village named

5822: 5254:"The collections, museums and gardens of Göttingen University" 4134: 4106: 3922: 3767:(1814–1865), anatomist, physiologist and biologist, developed 3415:(1861–1940), composer who set the works of many poets to music 3356:(1965–1989), antifascist activist, killed during a police raid 2914: 2674: 778:". Its alumni include some well-known historical figures: the 43: 5284: 4482:

Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region

2785:

After the Middle Ages, the area of Göttingen was part of the

1505:

in 1806, turned over in 1807 to the newly created Napoleonic

6113: 4758: 3830:(1880–1959), physicist, worked on electricity, invented the 2797:

became more and more popular in the city. In 1529 the first

2439: 594: 234: 3712:(1790-1860), manufacturer of brass and woodwind instruments 3482:(born 1956), singer, musician, producer, composer and actor 663: 634: 631: 3912:(born 1950), printer and publisher, founded the publisher 3500:(born 1965), contemporary artist and metalsmith, works at 1695:

experienced a much greater impact from the bombing raids.

1529:

Market Place and Weender Strasse at Göttingen. Drawing by

1282:

After Albert the Fat's death in 1318, Göttingen passed to

4062:

an indoor swimming complex and a number of outdoor pools.

3881:

CBE FRS (1911–1976), aerodynamicist, worked in the UK on

3421:(1886–1965), violinist, conductor and university lecturer 3362:(1977–1998), unsolved US murder victim at Yale University 982:(1002–1024), also had a church built in the neighbouring 660: 628: 619: 4759:"Startseite – GSO :: Göttinger Symphonie Orchester" 3845:(1885–1954), mathematician and physicist, worked on the 1050:), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. 5176:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769. 5128:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 586–587. 4171:

Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization

4076:(playing since 2007 in the first league in Germany and 3839:(1884–1970), psychiatrist, developed autogenic training 4072:(national champions in 1979–80, 1982–83, 1983–84) and 3899:(born 1939), physician and biochemist, founder of the 3397:(1750–1822), a portrait, history and landscape painter 2835:

congregation since 1946, as well as a congregation of

1522:. The Province of Hanover was disestablished in 1946. 774:; they lost their positions, but became known as the " 5106:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 38–39. 4631:. Vol. X (9th ed.). 1879. pp. 854–855. 4128: 4017:(born 2002), footballer with over 60 club caps so far 2793:. Starting in 1528, the teachings of church reformer 1753:

Göttingen Nacht der Kultur (Göttingen Cultural Night)

1034:

ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen

994:

during his feuds with the city of Göttingen in 1387.

637: 5211:"Waltershausen, Wolfgang Sartorius, Baron von" 4332:

Göttingen City Museum (Städtisches Museum Göttingen)

4184: 3286:(1892–1985), philosopher and sociologist, advocated 2809:. As of today, the area of Göttingen is part of the 2801:

sermon was preached in the Paulinerkirche, a former

1623:

on 9 November 1938. Many of the Jews were killed in

1156:

After the death of Otto the Child in 1257, his sons

1122:, but larger than the neighbouring Welfish towns of 666: 625: 5625: 5484: 5423: 5392: 3999:(born 1989), a former footballer with 248 club caps 3969:(born 1955), a former footballer with 286 club caps 3724:(1800–1882), chemist, worked on inorganic chemistry 2705:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 758:

Today, Göttingen is famous for its old university (

657: 616: 589: 579: 569: 557: 536: 519: 511: 503: 498: 490: 482: 477: 459: 454: 446: 438: 426: 414: 404: 153: 74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5220:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 297. 5198:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 458. 5084:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 321. 5062:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 899. 5040:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 319. 4784:"Göttinger Knabenchor – Musik. Gestalten. Erleben" 4388:Neuer Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen 4383:Alter Botanischer Garten der Universität Göttingen 3993:(born 1981), retired footballer with 220 club caps 3611:(1882–1970), physicist and mathematician, won the 3460:(born 1946), writer, singer-songwriter and teacher 3427:(1907–1969), actor, screenwriter and film director 1003:was incorporated within the town's fortification. 877:season, both teams will play in the 1st division. 231:Location of Göttingen within Göttingen district 5242:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 801. 5154:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 535–536. 4660:. Accessed 13 July 2014. DOI: 10.4171/OWR/2011/51 3678:, (1742–1799), physicist, satirist and Anglophile 1501:period, the city was briefly in the hands of the 802:attended law school at the Göttingen University. 731:The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called 4034:(soccer) teams, playing in amateur leagues e.g. 3925:researcher, epidemiologist and clinical trialist 3776:(1818–1884), contributed to the birth of modern 3265:(1869–1962), politician and Minister during the 1729:were a significant centre of film production in 1679:) in the old town, and several buildings of the 926:, that once flowed through it. Since the ending 161: 4641:Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, 4011:(born 1991), footballer with over 280 club caps 4005:(born 1990), footballer with over 250 club caps 3521:(born 1976), singer, vocalist of the rock band 3333:(born 1932), politician, Minister President of 3280:(1891–1945), Nazi Party official and politician 3074:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 2837:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1893:Climate data for Göttingen (1991–2020 normals) 869:; both the men's and women's teams play in the 238: 4176:Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research 4161:Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine 4156:Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry 5887: 5370: 4937:"HNA Kommentar zum E-Bike-Test in Goettingen" 4280:, which mostly presents student productions. 4260:Göttingen has two professional theatres, the 1246:monastery along the Leine Canal opposite the 1098:). Outside the fortification in front of the 8: 4282: 4273: 4202:Göttingen State and University Library (SUB) 4189: 4103:Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities 3815:, (1864–1909), mathematician, developed the 3515:(born 1967), theatre director and playwright 3235:(1789–1850), theologian and church historian 2430: 1869:1973: Deppoldshausen, Elliehausen, Esebeck, 1773:, they revived the folksong and wrote lyric 1589:" prevented German scientists from applying 3736:(1805–1859), mathematician, contributed to 2949:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2902:, where a growing number of people are not 1829:) means 'the city that creates knowledge.' 1630:. Also, there was a concentration camp for 1375:in 1351 (see below). Göttingen also gained 5894: 5880: 5872: 5377: 5363: 5355: 5289: 3621:(1927–2019), biophysical chemist, won the 2429: 1889: 1769:" ('circle of poets'). Being disciples of 1585:team. Ironically, the Nazi insistence on " 1560:"The Navel", centre of the pedestrian zone 1537:In 1854 the city was connected to the new 978:(said to have been fond of the location), 150: 5861:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 4238:View from University Campus looking South 4133:University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 3509:(born 1965), theatre, TV and film actress 3472:(born 1955), pianist and harpsichordist, 3439:(1919–2004), German-American actress and 3433:(1911–1997), operatic soprano and actress 2969:Learn how and when to remove this message 2765:Learn how and when to remove this message 134:Learn how and when to remove this message 5097:"Ewald, Georg Heinrich August von" 4998: 4996: 4308: 4303: 4290: 4285: 4233: 4228: 4215: 4210: 4197: 4192: 4127:Private University of Applied Sciences, 3939: 3718:(1799–1861), surgeon and ophthalmologist 3693:(1777–1855), mathematician and physicist 3663: 3653: 3643: 3554: 3381: 3370: 3247:(1803–1875), theologian and orientalist. 3202: 3192: 2776: 1799:, which are also performing nationwide. 1748: 1555: 1524: 1340: 1332: 904: 892: 884: 195:Gänseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone 4608:Statistische Monatshefte Niedersachsen 4493: 1790:Göttingen International Handel Festival 1431:Loss of independence to the present day 1263:), completed in 1331, was constructed. 588: 556: 518: 497: 489: 476: 453: 445: 403: 368: 298: 227: 199: 187: 5075:"Neander, Johann August Wilhelm" 4739:from the original on 19 September 2018 4694:"Vor 74 Jahren in Flammen aufgegangen" 4692:Klocke, Katharina (11 November 2012). 3963:(1883–1975), a family of chess masters 3872:(1907–1984), mathematician, worked on 3863:(1896–1981), mathematician, worked on 3854:(1893–1971), mathematician, worked on 3806:(1862–1943), mathematician, worked on 3791:(1849–1925), mathematician, worked on 3684:FRSE (1776–1835), chemist, discovered 3494:(born 1964), composer and musicologist 3223:(1763–1809), noted German intellectual 1638:, which was not liberated until 1945. 836:Nearly untouched by Allied bombing in 486:116.89 km (45.13 sq mi) 5348:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. 5260:from the original on 12 February 2019 4935:Kopietz, Thomas (26 September 2014). 4835:Tamke, Gerd; Driever, Rainer (2012). 4527:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen 4509:Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen 4438:, Hitradio Antenne Niedersachsen and 4375:The university maintains three major 3633:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 3488:(born 1963), author and film director 678: 578: 568: 535: 510: 502: 481: 458: 437: 425: 413: 7: 5333:. Vol. 10 (9th ed.). 1879. 5119:"Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph" 4916:from the original on 3 December 2017 4700:from the original on 7 November 2018 4454:local news from Stadtradio Göttingen 4447:Hessisch-Niedersächsische Allgemeine 4094:Georg-August University of Göttingen 3749:Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen 3346:(1943–2012), lawyer and politician, 2947:adding citations to reliable sources 2703:adding citations to reliable sources 1821:(identical pronunciation apart from 1391:industry in particular. Next to the 1286:(d. 1344), who ruled over both the " 72:adding citations to reliable sources 4816:from the original on 9 January 2019 4806:"BBC News website, 22 January 2013" 3890:(1932–2014), astronomer, worked on 3757:(1811–1899), chemist, investigated 1090:), the smaller church St. Nikolai ( 739:times the city was a member of the 5233:"Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm von" 4943:from the original on 2 April 2015. 4696:(in German). Göttinger Tageblatt. 4220:Assembly Hall on the Wilhelmsplatz 3259:(1845–1923), classical philologist 2789:, and most of the population were 1617:in Göttingen was destroyed during 25: 5053:"Matthiae, August Heinrich" 4969:"Religion in Göttingen 1990–2014" 4849:from the original on 4 March 2016 4326:Museums, collections, exhibitions 4068:some basketball teams, including 3631:(born 1955), biochemist, won the 3544:Museum im Kulturspeicher Würzburg 3536:, electronic dance music producer 3474:Historically Informed Performance 2417:World Meteorological Organization 1533:, engraved in 1828 by W. R. Smith 1463:State of Hanover (officially the 909:Watermill from early 13th century 345: 313: 5299: 4414:is planted with groves of trees. 4151:http://www.goethe.de/goettingen/ 3699:(1788–1853), chemist, worked on 3581:(1858–1947), physicist, won the 3551:(born 1990), classical violinist 3395:Friedrich Ludwig Heinrich Waagen 3253:(1823–1894), Lutheran theologian 3175: 3162: 3149: 3126: 3113: 3100: 3096:, England, United Kingdom (1951) 3087: 2919: 2894:trend in Germany, especially in 2679: 1551:Hanover–Würzburg high-speed line 1465:Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1200:) was built to the south of the 818:, were professors at Göttingen. 653: 612: 344: 337: 312: 305: 214: 204: 189: 48: 6153:Members of the Hanseatic League 5386:Cities in Germany by population 4651:http://www.mfo.de/occasion/1144 4470:Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung 4065:a sports stadium (Jahn-Stadion) 3502:Cranbrook Educational Community 3061:Coats of arms of twin towns of 2690:needs additional citations for 59:needs additional citations for 6158:Holocaust locations in Germany 5315:New International Encyclopedia 4582:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4472:on Mondays through Saturdays. 3734:Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet 3710:Heinrich Christian Eisenbrandt 3601:(1879–1968), chemist, won the 3591:(1865–1929), chemist, won the 3229:(1769–1835), classical scholar 1811:Die Stadt, die Wissen schafft. 1757:Prior to the period of German 1: 5189:"Weber, Wilhelm Eduard" 5145:"Gauss, Karl Friedrich" 4459:local news from HNA newspaper 4098:http://www.uni-goettingen.de/ 4059:at least two skittles alleys. 3563: 3542:(born 1984), director of the 1819:Die Stadt, die Wissen schafft 1817:means 'the city of science,' 1699:was destroyed several times. 867:professional basketball teams 148:City in Lower Saxony, Germany 27:City in Lower Saxony, Germany 5902:Towns and municipalities in 1873:, Hetjershausen, Holtensen, 1177:(fortress street) is named. 851:, Inc., and a main site for 5031:"Schelling, Karoline" 4733:"Chronik für das Jahr 1945" 4313:Junges Theater, Wochenmarkt 4135:http://www.fh-goettingen.de 4107:https://adw-goe.de/en/home/ 3676:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg 3649:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg 3640:More science & business 3144:Göttingen cooperates with: 2831:congregation since 1894, a 2226:Average precipitation days 2082:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1942:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1844:: Deutsche Märchenstraße). 1836:attraction in Germany, the 1549:) high-speed trains on the 1539:Hanoverian Southern Railway 794:. Also, German Chancellors 754:fountain at the main market 515:1,000/km (2,600/sq mi) 6174: 4368:Göttingen is home to four 3905:German Democratic Republic 3716:Friedrich August von Ammon 3454:(1930–2024), organ builder 3288:philosophical anthropology 3239:Friedrich August Grotefend 3140:Cooperation and solidarity 3071: 3053:Twin towns – sister cities 2811:Lutheran Church of Hanover 2414: 1892: 1815:Die Stadt der Wissenschaft 1488:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 764:"Georg-August-Universität" 743:and hence a wealthy town. 39:Göttingen (disambiguation) 36: 29: 6111: 5910: 5841: 5167:"Wöhler, Friedrich" 4842:. Stadtarchiv Göttingen. 4085:Universities and colleges 4053:an American football team 3837:Johannes Heinrich Schultz 3530:(born 1979), stage name, 3323:(1926–2020), politician, 3317:commander in World War II 2819:other Protestant churches 2661:Göttingen railway station 2637: 2457:— 2367: 2319: 2272: 2225: 2151: 2081: 2011: 1941: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1832:Göttingen is a part of a 1543:Göttingen railway station 1492:prince-elector of Hanover 1441:Principality of Calenberg 1288:Principality of Göttingen 1211:After the failure of the 1196:. The St. Marien Church ( 1030:. Its inhabitants obeyed 369: 299: 228: 200: 188: 179: 4272:. In addition, there is 3623:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 3603:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 3593:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 3257:Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher 3251:August Wilhelm Dieckhoff 3241:(1798–1836), philologist 3227:August Heinrich Matthiae 2854:Nazi concentration camps 949:Imperial palace of Grona 889:St. Alban's Church today 494:150 m (490 ft) 360:Show map of Lower Saxony 30:Not to be confused with 5345:Encyclopædia Britannica 5330:Encyclopædia Britannica 5239:Encyclopædia Britannica 5217:Encyclopædia Britannica 5195:Encyclopædia Britannica 5173:Encyclopædia Britannica 5151:Encyclopædia Britannica 5125:Encyclopædia Britannica 5103:Encyclopædia Britannica 5081:Encyclopædia Britannica 5059:Encyclopædia Britannica 5037:Encyclopædia Britannica 4837:"Göttinger Staßennamen" 4628:Encyclopædia Britannica 4563:Oxford University Press 4445:The regional newspaper 4408:The city cemetery, the 4339:Ethnographic Collection 4251:Cultural establishments 4112:German Aerospace Centre 4040:Landesliga Braunschweig 3808:Hilbert's basis theorem 3785:(1838–1915), astronomer 3589:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy 3029:International relations 2821:in Göttingen, known as 1838:German Fairy Tale Route 1717:or other major combat. 1579:University of Göttingen 1474:was founded in 1737 by 1472:University of Göttingen 1278:Growth and independence 696: 162: 6138:Cities in Lower Saxony 6119: 5010:(in German). Göttingen 4722:, p. 95. Hannover 1985 4468:, is published by the 4314: 4296: 4274: 4239: 4221: 4203: 3948: 3865:analytic number theory 3751:(1809–1876), geologist 3745:(1809–1858), physicist 3730:(1804–1891), physicist 3671: 3661: 3651: 3613:Nobel Prize in Physics 3583:Nobel Prize in Physics 3569: 3513:Roland Schimmelpfennig 3390: 3379: 3211: 3200: 3069: 2787:archbishopric of Mainz 2782: 2655:intercity bus services 1862:1964: Geismar, Grone, 1786:George Frideric Handel 1754: 1641:During the widespread 1561: 1534: 1509:, and returned to the 1455: 1346: 1338: 1315: 1295: 1189: 1153: 1074: 1047: 998:Foundation of the town 910: 902: 890: 755: 717:the eponymous district 292: 6117: 5304:Texts on Wikisource: 4910:"Göttingen: Stations" 4559:UK English Dictionary 4545:31 March 2019 at the 4370:intercultural gardens 4312: 4294: 4237: 4219: 4201: 4181:German Primate Center 3943: 3856:differential geometry 3667: 3657: 3647: 3558: 3419:Heinrich Schachtebeck 3385: 3374: 3206: 3196: 3060: 2860:. In 2004, the first 2846:was destroyed in the 2780: 2431:Historical population 1813:The phrase is a pun: 1797:Göttingen Boys' Choir 1752: 1559: 1528: 1507:Kingdom of Westphalia 1453: 1344: 1336: 1158:Albert I of Brunswick 1151: 1072: 908: 896: 888: 871:Basketball-Bundesliga 749: 538: • Summer ( 291: 6148:Göttingen (district) 5904:Göttingen (district) 5856:Metropolitan regions 5537:Freiburg im Breisgau 4656:14 July 2014 at the 4140:15 July 2006 at the 3986:2004 Summer Olympics 3728:Wilhelm Eduard Weber 3691:Carl Friedrich Gauss 3659:Wilhelm Eduard Weber 3441:theatre practitioner 3335:Rhineland-Palatinate 3043:Halifax, Nova Scotia 2943:improve this section 2817:, there are several 2699:improve this article 1565:Nazi era (1933–1945) 1328:Imperial Free Cities 1316:Cocles/der Einäugige 1296:Fürstentum Göttingen 1104:Geismarer altes Dorf 957:was overshadowed by 808:Carl Friedrich Gauss 788:Wilhelm Eduard Weber 581:Vehicle registration 512: • Density 389:51.53389°N 9.93556°E 68:improve this article 37:For other uses, see 5738:Mülheim an der Ruhr 4812:. 22 January 2013. 4557:Oxford Dictionaries 4466:Göttinger Tageblatt 4121:4 June 2011 at the 4080:winners of 2009–10) 3967:Christian Sackewitz 3874:arithmetic geometry 3847:Kaluza–Klein theory 3817:geometry of numbers 3682:Friedrich Stromeyer 3573:Nobel Prize winners 3348:Minister of Defence 2432: 2273:Average snowy days 2012:Daily mean °C (°F) 1628:extermination camps 1520:Province of Hanover 1345:St. Jacobi's Church 1236:the barefoot people 953:In its early days, 385: / 328:Show map of Germany 6120: 4912:. Travelinho.com. 4879:on 12 October 2023 4720:Niedersachsen 1945 4718:Ulrich Schneider: 4511:. 13 October 2021. 4315: 4297: 4240: 4222: 4204: 4129:http://www.pfh.de/ 4070:ASC 1846 Göttingen 4036:1. SC Göttingen 05 4003:Maximilian Beister 3973:Sophie von Saldern 3959:(1880–1954) & 3949: 3892:infrared astronomy 3879:Dietrich Küchemann 3861:Carl Ludwig Siegel 3798:Lou Andreas-Salomé 3761:of heated elements 3672: 3662: 3652: 3570: 3480:Herbert Grönemeyer 3391: 3380: 3221:Caroline Schelling 3212: 3201: 3171:, Nicaragua (1989) 3070: 2898:, but also in the 2813:. Apart from this 2783: 2781:St. Michael Church 1763:Göttinger Hainbund 1755: 1745:Cultural relevance 1739:Hannoversch Münden 1562: 1535: 1515:Kingdom of Hanover 1478:, who was king of 1476:George II Augustus 1456: 1347: 1339: 1173:, after which the 1154: 1086:) and St. Jacobi ( 1075: 1040:Free Imperial City 936:Holy Roman Emperor 911: 903: 891: 865:Göttingen has two 756: 680:[ˈɡœtɪŋən] 504: • Total 483: • Total 293: 6125: 6124: 5869: 5868: 5748:Offenbach am Main 5633:Bergisch Gladbach 5456:Frankfurt am Main 4763:www.gso-online.de 4622:"Göttingen" 4585:. Merriam-Webster 4377:botanical gardens 4337:The university's 4323: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4301: 4300: 4295:Deutsches Theater 4263:Deutsches Theater 4248: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4226: 4225: 4208: 4207: 4185:http://www.dpz.eu 3852:Kurt Reidemeister 3813:Hermann Minkowski 3778:organic chemistry 3743:Rudolf Kohlrausch 3528:Christian Büttner 3492:Michael Schneider 3327:from 1960 to 1972 3321:Hans-Jochen Vogel 3003:Oberbürgermeister 2979: 2978: 2971: 2880:Wirtschaftswunder 2849:Reichspogromnacht 2775: 2774: 2767: 2749: 2642: 2641: 2422: 2421: 2322:relative humidity 1871:Groß Ellershausen 1727:Göttingen Studios 1583:Manhattan Project 1421:Frankfurt am Main 1337:St. John's Church 1238:, hence the name 796:Otto von Bismarck 605: 604: 469:Petra Broistedt ( 394:51.53389; 9.93556 174: 144: 143: 136: 118: 16:(Redirected from 6165: 6095:Wollbrandshausen 6040:Osterode am Harz 6005:Herzberg am Harz 5896: 5889: 5882: 5873: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5356: 5349: 5334: 5319: 5303: 5296: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5285:Official website 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5235: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5213: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5191: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5169: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5147: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5121: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5099: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5077: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5055: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5033: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4980: 4974:. Archived from 4973: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4906: 4900: 4895: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4848: 4841: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4723: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4674: 4667: 4661: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4498: 4401:botanical garden 4305: 4304: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4230: 4229: 4212: 4211: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4009:Adriano Grimaldi 3888:Gerry Neugebauer 3759:emission spectra 3722:Friedrich Wöhler 3629:Thomas C. Südhof 3568: 3565: 3413:Anna Teichmüller 3284:Helmuth Plessner 3180: 3179: 3167: 3166: 3154: 3153: 3135:, Germany (1988) 3131: 3130: 3118: 3117: 3105: 3104: 3092: 3091: 3065:, Göttingen and 3039:Göttingen Street 3033:The city is the 2974: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2923: 2915: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2707: 2683: 2675: 2446: 2441: 2433: 2276: 2229: 1890: 1511:State of Hanover 1425:Hanseatic League 1373:Hanseatic League 1250:, for which the 1206:Teutonic Knights 1160:(the Great) and 845:light microscopy 812:Bernhard Riemann 800:Gerhard Schröder 741:Hanseatic League 690: 689: 688: 682: 677: 673: 672: 669: 668: 665: 662: 659: 652: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 601: 598: 596: 543: 466: 465:(2021–26) 400: 399: 397: 396: 395: 390: 386: 383: 382: 381: 378: 361: 354: 348: 347: 341: 329: 322: 316: 315: 309: 237: 218: 208: 193: 173: 165: 160: 157: 151: 139: 132: 128: 125: 119: 117: 76: 52: 44: 21: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6162: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6109: 6105:Wulften am Harz 6000:Hattorf am Harz 5906: 5900: 5870: 5865: 5837: 5626:100,000–199,999 5621: 5597:Mönchengladbach 5485:200,000–499,999 5480: 5424:500,000–999,999 5419: 5388: 5383: 5337: 5322: 5307: 5294: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5274: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5004:"Partnerstädte" 5002: 5001: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4981:on 4 March 2016 4978: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4892: 4882: 4880: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4668: 4664: 4658:Wayback Machine 4640: 4636: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4550: 4547:Wayback Machine 4538: 4534: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4478: 4428: 4365: 4328: 4258: 4253: 4147:Goethe-Institut 4142:Wayback Machine 4123:Wayback Machine 4087: 4056:a baseball team 4050:a bowling alley 4026:Göttingen has: 4024: 3997:Michael Schulze 3938: 3919:Hendrik Streeck 3832:Schering Bridge 3828:Harald Schering 3769:Bergmann's rule 3642: 3575: 3566: 3498:Iris Eichenberg 3464:Bodo von Dewitz 3446:Ingrid Brainard 3369: 3325:Mayor of Munich 3313:(1915–1997), a 3293:Vladimir Lossky 3267:Weimar Republic 3217: 3191: 3182:Qixia (Nanjing) 3174: 3161: 3148: 3142: 3125: 3122:, France (1983) 3112: 3109:, Poland (1978) 3099: 3086: 3076: 3055: 3031: 3018: 2975: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2940: 2924: 2913: 2896:Eastern Germany 2771: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2708: 2706: 2696: 2684: 2673: 2651: 2428: 2423: 2274: 2227: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 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6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6025:Landolfshausen 6022: 6017: 6012: 6010:Hörden am Harz 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5980:Gieboldehausen 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5925:Bad Lauterberg 5922: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5851:Municipalities 5848: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5778:Recklinghausen 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5335: 5320: 5297: 5278: 5277:External links 5275: 5272: 5271: 5245: 5223: 5201: 5179: 5157: 5140:Cayley, Arthur 5131: 5109: 5087: 5065: 5043: 5021: 4992: 4960: 4946: 4927: 4901: 4890: 4860: 4827: 4797: 4775: 4750: 4724: 4711: 4684: 4675: 4662: 4634: 4612: 4596: 4568: 4532: 4514: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4419:Albanifriedhof 4415: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4390: 4385: 4373: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4353:Paulinerkirche 4349: 4346: 4335: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4269:Junges Theater 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4188: 4187: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4144: 4131: 4125: 4109: 4100: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4042: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982:Franziska Gude 3979: 3970: 3964: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3916: 3910:Gerhard Steidl 3907: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3843:Theodor Kaluza 3840: 3834: 3825: 3822:Ludwig Prandtl 3819: 3810: 3801: 3795: 3786: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3697:Leopold Gmelin 3694: 3688: 3679: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3616: 3606: 3596: 3586: 3574: 3571: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3537: 3525: 3516: 3510: 3507:Juliane Köhler 3504: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3470:Andreas Staier 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3407:Carl Oesterley 3404: 3398: 3387:Juliane Köhler 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3354:Conny Wessmann 3351: 3350:, 2002 to 2005 3341: 3331:Bernhard Vogel 3328: 3318: 3311:Harald Gelhaus 3308: 3302: 3299:Woldemar Voigt 3296: 3290: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263:Rudolf Wissell 3260: 3254: 3248: 3245:Heinrich Ewald 3242: 3236: 3233:August Neander 3230: 3224: 3216: 3215:Public service 3213: 3208:Heinrich Ewald 3198:August Neander 3190: 3189:Notable people 3187: 3186: 3185: 3184:, China (2010) 3172: 3159: 3158:, Japan (1987) 3141: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3123: 3110: 3097: 3054: 3051: 3030: 3027: 3017: 3014: 2977: 2976: 2927: 2925: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2791:Roman Catholic 2773: 2772: 2687: 2685: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2650: 2647: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2370:sunshine hours 2365: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2317: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 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780:Brothers Grimm 728: 725: 603: 602: 591: 587: 586: 583: 577: 576: 573: 571:Dialling codes 567: 566: 563: 561: 555: 554: 544: 534: 533: 523: 517: 516: 513: 509: 508: 505: 501: 500: 496: 495: 492: 488: 487: 484: 480: 479: 475: 474: 467: 457: 456: 452: 451: 448: 444: 443: 440: 436: 435: 430: 424: 423: 418: 412: 411: 406: 402: 401: 367: 366: 351: 350: 343: 342: 336: 335: 334: 333: 319: 318: 311: 310: 304: 303: 302: 301: 300: 297: 296: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 219: 213: 209: 203: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 186: 185: 180: 177: 176: 159: 154: 147: 142: 141: 56: 54: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6170: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6116: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100:Wollershausen 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5846:Complete list 5844: 5843: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 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4947: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4928: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4894: 4891: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4828: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4738: 4735:(in German). 4734: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4647:Della Fenster 4644: 4638: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4600: 4597: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4536: 4533: 4528: 4525:(in German). 4524: 4518: 4515: 4510: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411:Stadtfriedhof 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4276:Theater im OP 4271: 4270: 4265: 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Auwers 3781: 3779: 3775: 3774:Hermann Kolbe 3772: 3770: 3766: 3765:Carl Bergmann 3763: 3760: 3756: 3755:Robert Bunsen 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3738:number theory 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3705:Gmelin's test 3702: 3701:red prussiate 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3669:Robert Bunsen 3666: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3619:Manfred Eigen 3617: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3561: 3557: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3452:Jürgen Ahrend 3450: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431:Tresi Rudolph 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401:Therese Huber 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3377: 3376:Therese Huber 3373: 3366: 3361: 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2796: 2795:Martin Luther 2792: 2788: 2779: 2769: 2766: 2758: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2716: – 2715: 2711: 2710:Find sources: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2688:This article 2686: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2648: 2646: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368:Mean monthly 2366: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 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914:Early history 913: 907: 901:fortress site 900: 895: 887: 880: 878: 876: 872: 868: 863: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 819: 817: 816:David Hilbert 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 753: 748: 744: 742: 738: 734: 726: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 687: 681: 671: 650: 642: 609: 600: 592: 584: 582: 574: 572: 562: 560: 552: 548: 545: 541: 531: 527: 524: 522: 514: 506: 493: 485: 472: 468: 463: 460: • 449: 441: 434: 431: 429: 422: 419: 417: 410: 407: 398: 370:Coordinates: 340: 308: 217: 207: 192: 183: 178: 171: 164: 152: 146: 138: 135: 127: 116: 113: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: – 84: 80: 79:Find sources: 73: 69: 63: 62: 57:This article 55: 51: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 6118:Coat of arms 6060:Rüdershausen 5995:Hann. 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Retrieved 4580: 4571: 4555: 4535: 4517: 4496: 4463: 4444: 4429: 4409: 4358: 4267: 4261: 4259: 4088: 4074:BG Göttingen 4046:cricket club 4025: 3961:Andreas Duhm 3793:group theory 3703:and created 3549:Niklas Liepe 3531: 3519:Sandra Nasić 3425:Helmut Weiss 3344:Peter Struck 3278:Alfred Meyer 3143: 3077: 3032: 3022:coat of arms 3019: 3016:Coat of arms 3011: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2980: 2965: 2956: 2941:Please help 2929: 2889: 2878: 2874:Gastarbeiter 2872: 2858:Soviet Union 2847: 2841: 2822: 2815:state church 2784: 2761: 2752: 2742: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2709: 2697:Please help 2692:verification 2689: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2643: 2426:Demographics 2156:mm (inches) 1866:, and Weende 1864:Nikolausberg 1858:Herberhausen 1851: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1801: 1794: 1783: 1766: 1756: 1731:West Germany 1724: 1715:bombardments 1701: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1666: 1658:Nazi Germany 1640: 1618: 1611: 1595:World War II 1568: 1536: 1531:Robert Batty 1496: 1469: 1457: 1445:Maximilian I 1434: 1414: 1381: 1376: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1357: 1348: 1324: 1320: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1281: 1271: 1265: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1239: 1235: 1227: 1221: 1212: 1210: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1181: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1155: 1152:Marienkirche 1138: 1136: 1132:Hann. Münden 1115: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1081: 1027: 1023: 1005: 1001: 992: 983: 975: 964: 958: 954: 952: 927: 923: 919: 917: 898: 897:Memorial at 870: 864: 857: 853:Sartorius AG 847:division of 842: 838:World War II 835: 830: 826: 822: 820: 759: 757: 732: 730: 705:Lower Saxony 607: 606: 559:Postal codes 450:18 districts 447:Subdivisions 421:Lower Saxony 220:Coat of arms 145: 130: 124:January 2010 121: 111: 104: 97: 90: 78: 66:Please help 61:verification 58: 6080:Staufenberg 6050:Rollshausen 6045:Rhumspringe 5970:Elbingerode 5798:Saarbrücken 5643:Bremerhaven 5295:(in German) 5264:11 February 4853:13 February 4786:(in German) 4743:13 February 4704:11 February 4604:(in German) 4577:"Göttingen" 4552:"Göttingen" 4540:"Göttingen" 4426:Local media 4149:Göttingen, 3929:Anna Frebel 3870:Max Deuring 3789:Felix Klein 3567: 1930 3540:Luisa Heese 3486:Chris Kraus 3458:Kai Engelke 3305:Kurt Vieweg 3272:Emma Sachse 2890:There is a 2877:during the 2824:Freikirchen 2714:"Göttingen" 1767:Dichterbund 1759:romanticism 1632:adolescents 1625:Nazi German 1603:mathematics 1571:Leó Szilárd 1497:During the 1402:Netherlands 1384:Middle Ages 1369:old village 1354:hall church 1272:Jüdenstraße 1224:monasteries 1143:River Leine 1088:St. James's 1073:Geismar Tor 1048:Reichsstadt 988:Saint Alban 980:Heinrich II 827:Gänseliesel 823:Gänseliesel 752:Gänseliesel 721:River Leine 597:.goettingen 564:37001–37085 433:Göttingen 392: / 83:"Göttingen" 6132:Categories 6090:Walkenried 5965:Ebergötzen 5960:Duderstadt 5935:Bilshausen 5930:Bad Sachsa 5803:Salzgitter 5793:Reutlingen 5783:Regensburg 5723:Leverkusen 5708:Ingolstadt 5703:Hildesheim 5688:Heidelberg 5602:Oberhausen 5446:Düsseldorf 5393:1,000,000+ 5014:3 February 4985:16 October 4920:2 December 4883:12 October 4488:References 3897:Jens Reich 3579:Max Planck 3560:Max Planck 3523:Guano Apes 3476:specialist 3133:Wittenberg 3094:Cheltenham 3072:See also: 3063:Cheltenham 3007:Nazi Party 2987:Michaelmas 2959:March 2024 2799:Protestant 2755:March 2024 2725:newspapers 2275:(≥ 1.0 cm) 2228:(≥ 1.0 mm) 1875:Knutbühren 1735:Duderstadt 1681:university 1499:Napoleonic 1412:textiles. 1232:Franciscan 1198:St. Mary's 1175:Burgstraße 1128:Duderstadt 1116:Turmstraße 1096:red street 1010:, Duke of 873:. For the 849:Carl Zeiss 831:goose girl 804:Karl Barth 707:, central 697:Chöttingen 693:Low German 499:Population 462:Lord mayor 455:Government 380:09°56′08″E 377:51°32′02″N 353:Göttingen 321:Göttingen 170:Low German 163:Chöttingen 156:Göttingen 94:newspapers 6143:Göttingen 6075:Seulingen 6035:Obernfeld 5990:Göttingen 5975:Friedland 5955:Dransfeld 5920:Bad Grund 5915:Adelebsen 5828:Wolfsburg 5788:Remscheid 5768:Pforzheim 5763:Paderborn 5758:Osnabrück 5753:Oldenburg 5693:Heilbronn 5668:Gütersloh 5663:Göttingen 5648:Darmstadt 5617:Wuppertal 5612:Wiesbaden 5577:Magdeburg 5552:Karlsruhe 5502:Bielefeld 5476:Stuttgart 5471:Nuremberg 5340:Göttingen 5325:Göttingen 5310:Göttingen 4549:(US) and 4440:Radio ffn 4397:arboretum 3991:Timo Ochs 3953:Hans Duhm 3901:New Forum 3599:Otto Hahn 3533:TheFatRat 3437:Uta Hagen 3339:Thuringia 3156:Hiroshima 2930:does not 2844:synagogue 2833:Mennonite 2807:Lutherans 2803:Dominican 2649:Transport 1771:Klopstock 1712:artillery 1708:U.S. Army 1704:Wehrmacht 1693:Brunswick 1654:air raids 1615:synagogue 1607:chemistry 1541:. Today, 1461:Electoral 1437:Calenberg 1303:der Quade 1244:Dominican 1208:in 1318. 1171:Ballerhus 1167:Albert II 1084:St John's 1078:Expansion 1064:Brunswick 943:Magdeburg 750:Landmark 733:Gutingi, 608:Göttingen 547:UTC+02:00 526:UTC+01:00 521:Time zone 491:Elevation 32:Göppingen 18:Gottingen 6030:Niemetal 5985:Gleichen 5945:Bovenden 5940:Bodensee 5833:Würzburg 5813:Solingen 5653:Erlangen 5587:Mannheim 5527:Duisburg 5522:Chemnitz 5497:Augsburg 5436:Dortmund 5258:Archived 5142:(1911). 4941:Archived 4914:Archived 4844:Archived 4814:Archived 4810:BBC News 4737:Archived 4698:Archived 4654:Archived 4589:31 March 4543:Archived 4476:See also 4266:and the 4138:Archived 4119:Archived 4032:football 3883:Concorde 3609:Max Born 3367:The arts 3035:namesake 2995:Syndikus 2983:Neustadt 2911:Politics 2904:baptised 2671:Religion 2415:Source: 2410:1,556.1 2320:Average 2152:Average 1879:Roringen 1651:American 1647:Canadian 1636:Moringen 1367:and the 1365:new town 1307:the Evil 1248:Neustadt 1213:new town 1202:Neustadt 1194:Neustadt 1190:Neustadt 1182:new town 1124:Northeim 1036:burghers 1028:Gotingen 1026:or also 1024:Gudingin 1020:pentagon 969:Ottonian 737:medieval 727:Overview 428:District 6070:Seeburg 6065:Scheden 6055:Rosdorf 6020:Krebeck 5773:Potsdam 5718:Koblenz 5638:Bottrop 5607:Rostock 5592:Münster 5567:Krefeld 5466:Leipzig 5461:Hanover 5441:Dresden 5410:Hamburg 5405:Cologne 5318:. 1905. 4939:. 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The 1775:poetry 1697:Kassel 1685:cities 1417:Lübeck 1406:Lübeck 1351:Gothic 1312:German 1292:German 1261:church 1186:German 1162:Johann 1044:German 1012:Saxony 939:Otto I 719:. 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