153:
1390:
65:
725:
644:
713:
1741:
546:
46:
466:
862:
31:
564:, German border guards shelled the town and then occupied it, setting up a military command post in the town. Adult Jews were employed in forced labor by the Germans. On 29 June 1941, following Sunday mass, local Polish anti-Semites carried out a pogrom killing 10 Jews and injuring dozens of others. However the next day on 30 June the Jews of the town were assembled at the market square by the German
822:
846:
133:
72:
303:
434:, on March 12, 1864, a clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops took place near the town, won by Poles. Due to the participation of the population in the January Uprising, the town lost its municipal rights in 1870. With the establishment of a rail link between the then-German-controlled city of
630:
marched into
Grajewo on January 23, 1945. According to data from 1945, 5,366 inhabitants of the Grajewo county lost their life during the war, only 163 in military operations, 5,009 as a result of the crimes of the occupiers. About 3000 of the deaths were of the town's Jewish population; only a few
377:
The first settlements in the region of modern
Grajewo already existed in the early 15th century. The first documented mention is from the year 1426. In the late 15th century the village was a small center of trade and crafts. In 1540 the town obtained municipal rights from Polish King
603:. Around 3,500 people passed through it. In autumn of 1941, the occupiers established another transit camp for people deported from various regions to forced labour in Germany. The camp could accommodate about 1,000 people at a time. Some ill people were sent from it to the
449:), at times Jews formed a majority of the town population. In 1808, 197 Jews lived in the town, 39% of the total population. In 1827 they made up a majority, with 57% of the population. In 1857 the percentage rose to 76% and in 1897 over 4,000 Jews lived in the town. During
622:
murdered about 150 Poles, most of them inhabitants of
Grajewo. On January 20, 1945, the Germans committed another mass murder in the Kosówka forest, killing 300 Polish inhabitants of the town. Five Polish Girl Scouts were murdered by the Germans in Grajewo.
568:
and the Polish perpetrators of the pogrom were asked to identify communists who were then brutally beaten. 300 Jews, alleged communists, were arrested and placed in the old
Synagogue. The Germans executed the survivors in August.
477:, and was granted municipal rights again on July 4, 1919. Between the world wars, Grajewo was the seat of a district office and had around 9,500 inhabitants. New schools were established in Grajewo in 1919 and 1931.
652:
596:
1776:
1255:
1207:
Massalski, Adam (2020). "Eksterminacja młodocianych harcerek i harcerzy na ziemiach polskich w okresie okupacji niemieckiej (1939 – 1945)". In
Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.).
390:
took place nearby. The town's population decreased dramatically as a result of the war. In 1692 the town came into the possession of the
Wilczewski family, hailing from
1123:
426:
took place near
Grajewo. In the second half of the 19th century, trade and handicrafts developed. After the massacres of Polish protesters committed by the Russians in
631:
dozen survived. About 30% of the town was destroyed. It was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the
830:
1334:
1009:
1447:
1148:
Bender, Sara (2013). "Not Only in
Jedwabne: Accounts of the Annihilation of the Jewish Shtetlach in North-eastern Poland in the Summer of 1941".
1786:
1414:
1239:
581:
554:
507:
659:
1615:
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The pre-war population of 9,500 included 3,000 Jews. The
Germans occupied the town for three weeks from 6–7 September 1939. During the
93:
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611:
1389:
1259:
1660:
1625:
673:, it became one of the largest dairy cooperatives in Poland. In 2016, the first Milk Museum in Poland was opened in Grajewo.
64:
572:
According to survivor testimony only some 1,600 of the 3,000 Jews of the town survived in August, and they were placed in a
1089:
1680:
1560:
480:
Following the war, the Jewish population fell sharply. In 1921, when 2,834 Jews lived in the town, 39% of the population.
445:
A Jewish community existed in
Grajewo from the late 18th century. As a result of the discriminatory Russian regulations (
1530:
1327:
836:
589:
585:
258:
1440:
604:
600:
1715:
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the synagogue and Bet Midrash were burned down by Germans and 300 Jewish men were deported to a forced labor camp in
1216:
526:, military, policemen, foresters, officials, wealthier merchants, farmers and craftsmen and their families, to the
491:
30:
1720:
1630:
1058:
1055:
Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu
850:
684:
407:
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125:
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691:
45:
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1665:
1645:
1570:
1565:
1433:
474:
395:
391:
145:
1620:
1192:
Sędziak, Zdzisław (2000). "Eksploatacja ludności regionu łomżyńskiego przez pracę na rzecz III Rzeszy".
1017:
342:
237:
158:
1475:
1289:
484:
930:
1670:
1600:
1409:
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810:
561:
415:
398:
were fought near Grajewo. In 1777, the town had 258 inhabitants, and in 1800 it had 218 inhabitants.
247:
798:
488:
430:
in 1861, Polish demonstrations and clashes with Russian soldiers took place in Grajewo. During the
379:
1302:
1209:
Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945)
1165:
906:
888:
527:
446:
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surrounded the ghetto, and drove out the Jewish inhabitants to a transit camp in the village of
495:
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1500:
1235:
632:
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1042:(in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 9.
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383:
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camp and a transit camp for Poles deported either to forced labour in Germany or to the
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A 1928-monument commemorating the 10th anniversary of Poland regaining independence
1710:
1610:
1505:
950:
439:
1510:
1234:. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II 887–889.
615:
473:
Following the war, the town became part of the re-established Polish state, the
450:
366:
821:
483:
The highest Polish dignitaries visited Grajewo in the interwar period: Marshal
1725:
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108:
95:
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In July 1941, the Germans established a camp, which served both as a penal
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411:
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Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim
933:- Founder, American Greetings Corporation, greeting card manufacturer.
680:. In 1990, the Independence Monument was unveiled in the city center.
1540:
1535:
1515:
854:
845:
427:
334:
254:
233:
138:
687:
visited Grajewo. A few years later, in 2006, Grajewo was visited by
435:
418:
by the neighbouring empires, in 1815 Grajewo became part of Russian
302:
1343:
820:
666:
642:
544:
464:
1425:
1429:
1316:
1256:"75th Anniversary of the Extermination of the Grajewo Ghetto"
1295:
1283:
1277:
1090:"60 lat Gazety Współczesnej. Grajewo- miasto mleka i płyt"
915:- Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset
676:
From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the
457:. During the war a large part of the town was destroyed.
313:
549:
A monument commemorating Poles of Grajewo deported to
744:
chapel of Wilczewski family from 1839 at the cemetery
337:
with 21,499 inhabitants (2016). It is the capital of
1748:
1463:
1397:
1367:
885:- Israeli politician and religious Zionist activist
309:
295:
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275:
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21:
1135:, and Mel Hecker, Volume II, part A, page 887-889.
891:- Shipping agent in Hamburg and banker in New York
647:Independence Monument from 1990 in the town center
669:Plant in Grajewo was established. Over time, as
414:stopped in the town in December 1812. After the
951:Grajewo: Official website. General information.
801:– defunct basketball club, which played in the
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
831:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland
769:Building of a local Secondary School from 1931
345:. It is located within the historic region of
1441:
1328:
1258:. Jewish Historical Institute. Archived from
8:
1124:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
1121:The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1057:(in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy
592:and most of them were murdered on arrival.
365:At one time, the area was inhabited by the
1448:
1434:
1426:
1335:
1321:
1313:
442:, the town's development was accelerated.
18:
1777:Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship
662:in Grajewo and freed over 100 prisoners.
1301:This article incorporates text from the
1143:
1141:
438:and the then-Russian-controlled city of
1074:Yizkor Project (Yiddish & English).
943:
897:- Polish painter and performance artist
772:The market square from the 18th century
514:. The town was then handed over to the
308:
294:
284:
264:
226:
205:
192:
179:
163:
123:
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57:
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27:
1196:(in Polish). No. 11. p. 206.
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1001:
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993:
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989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
766:Roadside chapels from mid 19th century
658:seized the buildings of the communist
16:Place in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
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1082:
1080:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
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963:
961:
959:
705:Historic sights of Grajewo (examples)
694:, whose father was born in the town.
328:
274:
243:
218:
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197:
184:
171:
143:
7:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
813:cycling route ran through the city.
750:church of the Holy Trinity from 1882
422:. In 1831 victorious battles of the
202:18.93 km (7.31 sq mi)
738:Wooden houses from the 19th century
1014:Grajewo - oficjalny serwis miejski
14:
1232:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
1010:"Historyczne kalendarium Grajewa"
730:Wilczewski chapel at the cemetery
1739:
1388:
953:(Polish, with Google translate).
927:- Polish film director and actor
860:
844:
723:
711:
394:. In 1794 battles of the Polish
301:
151:
131:
70:
63:
44:
29:
1059:Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu
584:. From there they were sent to
71:
1162:10.1080/17504902.2013.11087369
1:
1787:Holocaust locations in Poland
1053:Zieliński, Stanisław (1913).
921:- American Jewish philosopher
406:During the retreat after the
333:) is a town in north-eastern
1749:Seat (not part of the gmina)
760:Tavern from mid 19th century
590:Auschwitz concentration camp
586:Treblinka extermination camp
522:inhabitants, especially the
518:. The Soviets deported many
1016:(in Polish). Archived from
877:Notable people from Grajewo
605:Majdanek concentration camp
601:Stutthof concentration camp
384:Deluge (Polish-Swedish war)
223:1,100/km (2,900/sq mi)
35:Piłsudski Street in Grajewo
1803:
828:
718:Church of the Holy Trinity
1737:
1386:
1354:
763:Railway station from 1873
610:On July 15, 1943, in the
576:. On 2 November 1942 the
560:On June 22, 1941, during
453:the town was occupied by
408:French invasion of Russia
89:
58:
40:
28:
1213:Uniwersytet Jagielloński
618:in cooperation with the
1217:Biblioteka Jagiellońska
883:Eliyahu-Moshe Ganhovsky
817:International relations
492:Stanisław Wojciechowski
349:, near the border with
1566:Kolonie Sojczyn Borowy
1303:German Knowledge (XXG)
826:
685:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
648:
557:
494:in 1925 and President
475:Second Polish Republic
470:
382:. In 1656, during the
1211:(in Polish). Kraków:
1072:Grajewo Memorial Book
824:
775:Former officer's mess
646:
548:
468:
343:Podlaskie Voivodeship
314:http://www.grajewo.pl
246: • Summer (
1230:Megargee, g (2012).
1129:Geoffrey P. Megargee
1008:Henryk Modzelewski.
938:Notes and references
811:2008 Tour de Pologne
651:On May 8, 1945, the
562:Operation Barbarossa
416:Partitions of Poland
402:Partitions of Poland
220: • Density
909:- Polish footballer
825:Panorama of Grajewo
683:In 2000, President
614:forest, the German
396:Kościuszko Uprising
380:Sigismund I the Old
105: /
1486:Białogrądy-Kolonia
1476:Białaszewo-Kolonia
1368:Urban-rural gminas
1296:Ogłoszenia Grajewo
1094:Gazeta Współczesna
1020:on August 10, 2019
907:Maciej Makuszewski
889:Sender Jarmulowsky
827:
698:Points of interest
692:Jarosław Kaczyński
649:
558:
471:
447:Pale of Settlement
330:[ɡraˈjɛvɔ]
212: • Total
199: • Total
186: • Mayor
1764:
1763:
1423:
1422:
1272:Grajewska Plotka
1241:978-0-253-35599-7
1194:Studia Łomżyńskie
1150:Holocaust Studies
903:- prominent rabbi
678:Łomża Voivodeship
633:Fall of Communism
555:Soviet occupation
508:German occupation
424:November Uprising
388:Battle of Prostki
373:Kingdom of Poland
319:
318:
109:53.650°N 22.450°E
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925:Andrzej Szczytko
919:Simon Rawidowicz
895:Antoni Karwowski
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864:
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1691:Sojczyn Grądowy
1576:Konopki-Kolonie
1491:Boczki-Świdrowo
1459:
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913:Eliyahu Meridor
879:
859:
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833:
819:
795:– football club
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660:Public Security
641:
639:Post-war period
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496:Ignacy Mościcki
485:Józef Piłsudski
463:
461:Interwar Poland
420:Congress Poland
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189:Maciej Bednarko
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1782:Grajewo County
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1501:Brzozowa Wólka
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1348:Grajewo County
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1290:Zapasy Grajewo
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1262:on 2020-10-30.
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1219:. p. 243.
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1133:Martin C. Dean
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1061:. p. 312.
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793:Warmia Grajewo
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689:Prime Minister
653:anti-communist
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635:in the 1980s.
524:intelligentsia
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339:Grajewo County
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114:53.650; 22.450
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1457:Gmina Grajewo
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799:Płyty Grajewo
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778:Milk Museum (
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532:Arctic Circle
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90:Coordinates:
66:
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32:
20:
1755:
1606:Łamane Grądy
1415:Gmina Wąsosz
1398:Rural gminas
1359:
1356:
1260:the original
1250:
1231:
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1149:
1122:
1098:. Retrieved
1093:
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1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:the original
1013:
946:
901:Elyah Lopian
834:
808:
803:top division
780:Muzeum Mleka
779:
682:
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664:
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516:Soviet Union
512:East Prussia
505:
502:World War II
482:
479:
472:
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405:
376:
364:
321:
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168:15th century
50:Coat of arms
1511:Ciemnoszyje
1156:(1): 1–38.
1096:(in Polish)
835:Grajewo is
616:gendarmerie
553:during the
451:World War I
367:Yotvingians
341:within the
266:Postal code
173:Town rights
165:Established
146:Voivodeship
112: /
1771:Categories
1726:Wojewodzin
1586:Koty-Rybno
1581:Koszarówka
1481:Białogrądy
1471:Białaszewo
1100:August 11,
1024:August 10,
829:See also:
805:in 1997-98
748:Neo-Gothic
742:Classicist
540:Kazakhstan
326:pronounced
287:Car plates
207:Population
181:Government
1721:Wierzbowo
1711:Toczyłowo
1696:Sojczynek
1676:Sienickie
1656:Pieniążki
1616:Lipińskie
1591:Kurejewka
1531:Elżbiecin
1506:Chojnówek
1170:142940545
871:Lithuania
757:from 1837
656:Home Army
528:Far North
498:in 1929.
489:President
487:in 1921,
440:Białystok
351:Podlachia
277:Area code
229:Time zone
159:Podlaskie
1731:Zaborowo
1716:Uścianki
1661:Podlasek
1641:Mierucie
1636:Mareckie
1556:Kacprowo
1496:Brzozowa
1464:Villages
1305:article
1298:(Polish)
1292:(Polish)
1286:(Polish)
1280:(Polish)
1274:(Polish)
628:Red Army
412:Napoleon
392:Wilczewo
1756:Grajewo
1701:Szymany
1646:Modzele
1596:Kurejwa
1571:Konopki
1551:Grozimy
1546:Godlewo
1521:Danówek
1360:Grajewo
1307:Grajewo
837:twinned
753:Church
671:Mlekpol
620:Gestapo
612:Kosówka
582:Bogusze
566:Gestapo
551:Siberia
536:Siberia
455:Germany
361:History
355:Masuria
347:Masovia
322:Grajewo
310:Website
126:Country
100:22°27′E
97:53°39′N
78:Grajewo
23:Grajewo
1681:Sikora
1666:Popowo
1631:Łosewo
1621:Lipnik
1611:Łękowo
1561:Kapice
1541:Gackie
1536:Flesze
1516:Cyprki
1344:Gminas
1238:
1168:
867:Varėna
855:Russia
839:with:
787:Sports
755:belfry
574:ghetto
520:Polish
428:Warsaw
386:, the
335:Poland
281:+48 86
270:19-200
215:21,499
156:
139:Poland
136:
1626:Łojki
1601:Kurki
1526:Dybła
1357:Seat:
1166:S2CID
851:Gusev
667:Dairy
255:UTC+2
234:UTC+1
1671:Ruda
1651:Okół
1236:ISBN
1102:2019
1026:2019
809:The
626:The
588:and
538:and
353:and
259:CEST
194:Area
176:1540
1346:of
1158:doi
534:),
436:Ełk
291:BGR
248:DST
238:CET
1773::
1215:,
1178:^
1164:.
1154:19
1152:.
1140:^
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958:^
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607:.
578:SS
542:.
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369:.
357:.
1449:e
1442:t
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1028:.
782:)
530:(
324:(
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257:(
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240:)
236:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
