486:
498:
474:
768:
31:
47:
485:
170:
and cause mixed-sediment slurries, in which the resulting deposits may exhibit a variety of sedimentary features. Supporting the turbidity origin theory is the fact that deposits of greywacke are found on the edges of the
427:
was founded in 1807, and excited much public interest in geology. Greywacke was interesting because it was found in many places in
Britain and its occurrence in particular places was evidence of the pattern of
190:, but organic remains may be common in the finer beds associated with them. Their component particles are usually not very rounded or polished, and the rocks have often been considerably
451:. Its wide use in sculpture and vessels is thought to have been due to its fine grain size and resistance to fracturing, making it suitable for fine detail and intricate shapes.
662:
677:
In 1839, when
Roderick Murchison published The Silurian System, a plump and ponderous study of a type of rock called greywacke, it was an instant best seller...
462:, because due to its unusually mixed nature, it remains looking natural when portraying a wide range of miniature scale ratios, from 1:1 to as high as 1:600.
792:
249:
The term "greywacke" can be confusing, since it can refer to either the immature (rock fragment) aspect of the rock or its fine-grained (clay) component.
440:
Greywacke stone has been used as a building material and a sculptural material across many eras and societies. Its oldest known uses date to the early
783:
497:
839:
587:"Modal composition and tectonic provenance of the sandstones of Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa"
252:
Greywackes are mostly grey, brown, yellow, or black, dull-colored sandy rocks that may occur in thick or thin beds along with
716:
807:
202:. In some districts, the greywackes are cleaved, but they show phenomena of this kind much less perfectly than the slates.
448:
205:
Although the group is so diverse that it is difficult to characterize mineralogically, it has a well-established place in
424:
389:
195:
1848:
119:
100:
560:
473:
904:
872:
832:
732:
1324:
779:
637:
229:
strata. Their essential features are their gritty character and their complex composition. By increasing
1289:
459:
361:
39:
35:
598:
292:
and graphitic, carbonaceous matters, together with (in the coarser kinds) fragments of such rocks as
1574:
1843:
1120:
825:
709:
The greywacke: how a priest, a soldier and a schoolteacher uncovered 300 million years of history
695:
Martin J. S. Rudwick's excellent and somber account of the issue, The Great
Devonian Controversy.
523:
88:
812:
504:
1080:
712:
616:
455:
441:
172:
135:
1772:
1484:
1271:
1140:
606:
179:, and at the bases of mountain formational areas. They also occur in association with black
123:
108:
1584:
1344:
1197:
73:
55:
736:
602:
1777:
1619:
1212:
1135:
897:
518:
413:
321:
176:
46:
1837:
1822:
1737:
1702:
1549:
1115:
1020:
892:
787:
774:
397:
143:
34:
Photomicrographs of feldspathic (L) and lithic (R) greywacke. The top images are in
1747:
1727:
1599:
1246:
1224:
1165:
1070:
1015:
1000:
854:
409:
230:
1636:
1527:
1507:
1497:
1424:
1374:
1299:
1145:
1085:
1055:
1010:
968:
941:
936:
926:
877:
401:
281:
30:
1802:
1787:
1762:
1757:
1667:
1652:
1569:
1537:
1502:
1492:
1474:
1454:
1399:
1379:
1334:
1256:
1241:
1217:
1177:
1150:
1130:
1105:
1065:
1040:
1030:
1025:
1005:
914:
444:
405:
365:
341:
325:
289:
277:
272:, rich in other tiny rock fragments. They can contain a very great variety of
620:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1782:
1752:
1732:
1717:
1712:
1677:
1672:
1631:
1624:
1589:
1559:
1544:
1522:
1464:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1414:
1394:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1314:
1279:
1192:
1160:
1110:
1100:
1075:
1050:
1045:
985:
946:
909:
357:
313:
257:
206:
191:
163:
159:
139:
112:
80:
611:
586:
458:
taken from it) is valuable to practitioners of traditional motion picture
17:
1792:
1767:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1579:
1564:
1532:
1512:
1409:
1384:
1261:
1236:
1229:
1207:
1202:
1155:
1095:
980:
931:
921:
867:
381:
265:
226:
222:
218:
214:
167:
96:
84:
51:
796:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 592.
1812:
1742:
1707:
1682:
1614:
1449:
1389:
1329:
1294:
1187:
1035:
995:
963:
958:
862:
429:
393:
385:
333:
329:
317:
293:
285:
273:
210:
115:
1722:
1697:
1594:
1554:
1517:
1419:
1284:
1182:
1172:
1125:
1090:
1060:
990:
975:
953:
887:
882:
353:
349:
345:
337:
309:
305:
238:
234:
199:
187:
147:
92:
126:
materials generally constitute more than 15% of the rock by volume.
585:
Baiyegunhi, Christopher; Liu, Kuiwu; Gwavava, Oswald (2017-10-28).
491:
Example of greywacke cliffs, Mangaweka, Nthrn.Manawatu, New
Zealand
423:
They were an early object of geological study in
Britain where the
1687:
1609:
1604:
1469:
1434:
1354:
1309:
1304:
773:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
377:
301:
297:
253:
180:
59:
45:
29:
817:
1459:
1404:
1319:
1251:
417:
404:. Both feldspathic and lithic greywacke have been recognized in
151:
104:
821:
155:
142:
were understood, since, according to the normal laws of
738:
Worldbuilding a "Bigature" for Wētā Workshop
Unleashed!
454:
Aside from its structural uses, greywacke stone (or
1645:
1483:
1270:
853:
543:
541:
539:
27:
Sandstone with angular grains in a clay-fine matrix
166:or strong turbidity currents. These actions churn
79:, signifying a grey, earthy rock) is a variety of
566:. The County Longford Geological Heritage Project
209:classifications because these peculiar composite
638:"Ancient Egyptian Materials: Greywacke (schist)"
54:'s greywacke statue, 25th century BCE, from the
833:
8:
561:"The Geological Heritage of County Longford"
412:. Greywackes are also found in parts of the
198:, such as the introduction of interstitial
840:
826:
818:
134:The origin of greywacke was unknown until
107:-fine matrix. It is a texturally immature
610:
316:. Among other minerals found in them are
162:now attribute its formation to submarine
396:; they compose the majority of the main
99:, and small rock fragments or sand-size
535:
469:
233:, greywackes frequently pass into mica-
693:(Kindle ed.). Crown. p. 85.
547:
186:As a rule, greywackes do not contain
7:
667:(Kindle ed.). Crown. p. 80
664:A Short History of Nearly Everything
632:
630:
237:, chloritic schists and sedimentary
813:National Park Service site Presidio
276:, the principal ones being quartz,
691:Short History of Nearly Everything
158:should not be laid down together.
122:can be sand- to gravel-sized, and
25:
661:Bryson, Bill (October 27, 2009).
213:deposits are very frequent among
766:
496:
484:
472:
356:. The cementing material may be
83:generally characterized by its
42:. Cements fill the pore spaces.
384:, the Longford-Down Massif in
221:rocks, and are less common in
1:
400:that make up the backbone of
808:Franciscan Greywacke/Shales
390:Lake District National Park
376:Greywackes are abundant in
38:; the bottom images are in
1865:
711:. London: Profile Books.
432:that had been laid down.
260:. Some varieties include
372:In geology and geography
905:Basaltic trachyandesite
873:Alkali feldspar granite
793:Encyclopædia Britannica
707:Davidson, Nick (2021).
62:
43:
1290:Banded iron formation
612:10.1515/geo-2017-0038
503:Wall of greywacke at
460:miniature photography
449:early dynastic period
262:feldspathic greywacke
49:
40:cross-polarized light
36:plane-polarized light
33:
733:Adam Savage's Tested
183:of deep-sea origin.
175:, at the bottoms of
603:2017OGeo....9...38B
173:continental shelves
111:generally found in
50:Closeup of Pharaoh
1646:Specific varieties
642:www.hallofmaat.com
524:Torlesse Greywacke
425:Geological Society
136:turbidity currents
103:set in a compact,
91:angular grains of
87:, dark color, and
63:
44:
1849:Sedimentary rocks
1831:
1830:
1081:Nepheline syenite
780:Flett, John Smith
760:Other works cited
430:geological strata
364:and is sometimes
196:recrystallization
16:(Redirected from
1856:
1773:Rapakivi granite
1485:Metamorphic rock
1272:Sedimentary rock
1141:Quartz monzonite
842:
835:
828:
819:
797:
772:
770:
769:
753:
752:
750:
749:
729:
723:
722:
704:
698:
697:
686:
680:
679:
674:
672:
658:
652:
651:
649:
648:
634:
625:
624:
614:
591:Open Geosciences
582:
576:
575:
573:
571:
565:
557:
551:
545:
500:
488:
479:A greywacke rock
476:
442:third millennium
270:lithic greywacke
177:oceanic trenches
109:sedimentary rock
101:lithic fragments
21:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1641:
1585:Pseudotachylite
1479:
1266:
1198:Tephriphonolite
849:
846:
804:
778:
767:
765:
762:
757:
756:
747:
745:
731:
730:
726:
719:
706:
705:
701:
688:
687:
683:
670:
668:
660:
659:
655:
646:
644:
636:
635:
628:
584:
583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
554:
546:
537:
532:
515:
508:
505:Möhne Reservoir
501:
492:
489:
480:
477:
468:
438:
380:, the south of
374:
247:
132:
56:Egyptian Museum
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Rhomb porphyry
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1620:Talc carbonate
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:Trachyandesite
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Quartz diorite
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
972:
971:
961:
956:
951:
950:
949:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
918:
917:
912:
902:
901:
900:
898:Picrite basalt
895:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
857:
851:
850:
848:Types of rocks
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
822:
816:
815:
810:
803:
802:External links
800:
799:
798:
788:Chisholm, Hugh
761:
758:
755:
754:
735:(2022-07-19).
724:
717:
699:
689:Bryson, Bill.
681:
653:
626:
597:(1): 491–508.
577:
552:
534:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
521:
519:Greywacke zone
514:
511:
510:
509:
502:
495:
493:
490:
483:
481:
478:
471:
467:
464:
437:
434:
414:Eastern Desert
373:
370:
246:
243:
207:petrographical
131:
128:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1861:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Litchfieldite
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Hyaloclastite
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Litchfieldite
1548:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Phonotephrite
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Hyaloclastite
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
893:Alkali basalt
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
856:
852:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
824:
823:
820:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
776:
775:public domain
764:
763:
759:
744:
740:
739:
734:
728:
725:
720:
714:
710:
703:
700:
696:
692:
685:
682:
678:
666:
665:
657:
654:
643:
639:
633:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
581:
578:
562:
556:
553:
549:
544:
542:
540:
536:
529:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
512:
506:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
465:
463:
461:
457:
452:
450:
447:, in Egypt's
446:
443:
435:
433:
431:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:Southern Alps
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:sedimentation
141:
137:
129:
127:
125:
121:
118:. The larger
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:poorly sorted
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
61:
57:
53:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1748:Luxullianite
1728:Lapis lazuli
1673:Blue Granite
1600:Serpentinite
1575:Metapsammite
1364:
1325:Conglomerate
1247:Trondhjemite
1225:Trachybasalt
1166:Pantellerite
1071:Monzogranite
1016:Hornblendite
1001:Granodiorite
855:Igneous rock
791:
746:. Retrieved
742:
737:
727:
708:
702:
694:
690:
684:
676:
669:. Retrieved
663:
656:
645:. Retrieved
641:
594:
590:
580:
568:. Retrieved
555:
507:dam, Germany
453:
439:
422:
416:east of the
410:South Africa
375:
362:argillaceous
269:
261:
251:
248:
231:metamorphism
204:
185:
133:
76:
69:
65:
64:
1637:Whiteschist
1528:Greenschist
1508:Cataclasite
1498:Amphibolite
1425:Phosphorite
1375:Itacolumite
1300:Calcarenite
1146:Quartzolite
1086:Nephelinite
1056:Lamprophyre
1011:Harzburgite
969:Napoleonite
942:Charnockite
937:Carbonatite
927:Blairmorite
878:Anorthosite
743:youtube.com
402:New Zealand
290:iron oxides
284:feldspars,
282:plagioclase
1838:Categories
1803:Teschenite
1788:Shonkinite
1763:Pietersite
1758:Novaculite
1668:Borolanite
1653:Adamellite
1570:Metapelite
1538:Calcflinta
1503:Blueschist
1493:Anthracite
1475:Wackestone
1455:Travertine
1400:Lumachelle
1380:Jaspillite
1335:Diamictite
1257:Websterite
1242:Troctolite
1218:Benmoreite
1178:Shonkinite
1151:Rhyodacite
1131:Pyroxenite
1106:Peridotite
1066:Lherzolite
1041:Kimberlite
1031:Ignimbrite
1026:Icelandite
1006:Granophyre
915:Shoshonite
748:2023-03-27
718:1788163788
647:2023-09-01
570:25 October
548:Flett 1911
530:References
406:Ecca Group
366:calcareous
342:hornblende
326:tourmaline
308:, various
278:orthoclase
264:, rich in
258:limestones
211:arenaceous
164:avalanches
160:Geologists
140:turbidites
18:Greywackes
1844:Sandstone
1818:Variolite
1808:Theralite
1798:Tachylite
1783:Rodingite
1753:Mangerite
1733:Larvikite
1718:Jasperoid
1713:Jadeitite
1678:Epidosite
1632:Tectonite
1625:Soapstone
1590:Quartzite
1560:Migmatite
1545:Itabirite
1523:Granulite
1465:Turbidite
1445:Sylvinite
1440:Siltstone
1430:Sandstone
1415:Oil shale
1395:Limestone
1370:Gritstone
1365:Greywacke
1360:Geyserite
1350:Evaporite
1340:Diatomite
1315:Claystone
1280:Argillite
1193:Tachylyte
1161:Comendite
1111:Phonolite
1101:Pegmatite
1076:Monzonite
1051:Lamproite
1046:Komatiite
986:Foidolite
947:Enderbite
910:Mugearite
784:Greywacke
782:(1911). "
621:2391-5447
358:siliceous
314:quartzite
245:Varieties
192:indurated
130:Formation
113:Paleozoic
81:sandstone
77:grauwacke
70:graywacke
66:Greywacke
1793:Taconite
1768:Pyrolite
1693:Ganister
1663:Aphanite
1658:Appinite
1580:Phyllite
1565:Mylonite
1533:Hornfels
1513:Eclogite
1410:Mudstone
1385:Laterite
1345:Dolomite
1262:Wehrlite
1237:Trachyte
1230:Hawaiite
1208:Tonalite
1203:Tephrite
1156:Rhyolite
1121:Porphyry
1096:Obsidian
981:Essexite
932:Boninite
922:Basanite
868:Andesite
671:July 24,
513:See also
388:and the
382:Scotland
322:chlorite
274:minerals
266:feldspar
239:gneisses
227:Cenozoic
223:Mesozoic
219:Cambrian
215:Silurian
168:sediment
97:feldspar
85:hardness
52:Menkaure
1813:Unakite
1743:Llanite
1708:Ijolite
1683:Felsite
1615:Suevite
1450:Tillite
1390:Lignite
1330:Coquina
1295:Breccia
1188:Syenite
1036:Ijolite
996:Granite
964:Diorite
959:Diabase
863:Adakite
790:(ed.).
777::
599:Bibcode
466:Gallery
394:England
386:Ireland
354:pyrites
334:apatite
330:epidote
318:biotite
310:schists
294:felsite
286:calcite
235:schists
188:fossils
1723:Kenyte
1698:Gossan
1595:Schist
1555:Marble
1518:Gneiss
1420:Oolite
1285:Arkose
1183:Sovite
1173:Scoria
1126:Pumice
1091:Norite
1061:Latite
991:Gabbro
976:Dunite
954:Dacite
888:Basalt
883:Aplite
786:". In
771:
715:
619:
350:sphene
346:augite
338:garnet
312:, and
306:gneiss
268:, and
254:shales
200:silica
181:shales
148:gravel
124:matrix
120:grains
116:strata
93:quartz
74:German
1688:Flint
1610:Slate
1605:Skarn
1470:Varve
1435:Shale
1355:Flint
1310:Chert
1305:Chalk
564:(PDF)
456:molds
378:Wales
302:slate
298:chert
60:Cairo
1460:Tufa
1405:Marl
1320:Coal
1252:Tuff
713:ISBN
673:2022
617:ISSN
572:2022
436:Uses
418:Nile
352:and
280:and
256:and
217:and
154:and
152:sand
138:and
105:clay
1823:Wad
607:doi
445:BCE
408:in
392:of
360:or
225:or
194:by
156:mud
68:or
58:in
1840::
741:.
675:.
640:.
629:^
615:.
605:.
593:.
589:.
538:^
420:.
368:.
348:,
344:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
288:,
241:.
150:,
146:,
95:,
841:e
834:t
827:v
751:.
721:.
650:.
623:.
609::
601::
595:9
574:.
550:.
72:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
