1457:) that are associated with sensory processing. Cortical inputs to thalamic neurons enable attentional modulation of sensory neurons. Dysfunction in sensory afferents, and abnormal cortical input may result in pre-existing expectations modulating sensory experience, potentially resulting in the generation of hallucinations. Hallucinations are associated with less accurate sensory processing, and more intense stimuli with less interference are necessary for accurate processing and the appearance of gamma oscillations (called "gamma synchrony"). Hallucinations are also associated with the absence of reduction in P50 amplitude in response to the presentation of a second stimuli after an initial stimulus; this is thought to represent failure to gate sensory stimuli, and can be exacerbated by
1146:
hallucinations can frighten and disconcert as to what is real and what is not. The hallucinations can sometimes be dispersed by eye movements, or by reasoned logic such as, "I can see fire but there is no smoke and there is no heat from it" or perhaps, "We have an infestation of rats but they have pink ribbons with a bell tied on their necks." Over elapsed months and years, the hallucinations may become more or less frequent with changes in ability to see. The length of time that the sight impaired person can have these hallucinations varies according to the underlying speed of eye deterioration. A differential diagnosis are ophthalmopathic hallucinations.
159:
880:, cenesthopathic hallucinations are a pathological alteration in the sense of bodily existence, caused by aberrant bodily sensations Most often, cenesthopathic hallucinations will refer to sensation in the visceral organs. Therefore, it is also known as visceral hallucinations.Manifestations are often subjective, hard to describe and unique to the sufferer. Common manifestations include pressure, burning, tickling, or tightening in various body systems. While these hallucinations can be experienced by a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorder, cenesthopathic schizophrenia is recognized by the
403:. They may be benevolent (telling the subject good things about themselves) or malicious, cursing the subject. 55% of auditory hallucinations are malicious in content, for example, people talking about the subject, not speaking to them directly. Like auditory hallucinations, the source of the visual counterpart can also be behind the subject. This can produce a feeling of being looked or stared at, usually with malicious intent. Frequently, auditory hallucinations and their visual counterpart are experienced by the subject together.
1514:
Children and adolescents have been found to experience similar rates (12.7% and 12.4% respectively) which occur mostly during late childhood and adolescence. This is compared with adults and those over 60 (with rates of 5.8% and 4.8% respectively). For those with schizophrenia, the lifetime prevalence of hallucinations is 80% and the estimated prevalence of visual hallucinations is 27%, compared to 79% for auditory hallucinations. A 2019 study suggested 16.2% of adults with
675:
something simple or something that is a threat, it is still considered a "command hallucination." Some helpful questions that can assist one in determining if they may have this includes: "What are the voices telling you to do?", "When did your voices first start telling you to do things?", "Do you recognize the person who is telling you to harm yourself (or others)?", "Do you think you can resist doing what the voices are telling you to do?"
814:
erogenous zone, sensing stimulation in the genitals, feeling the fondling of one's breasts or buttocks and tastes or smells related to sexual activity. Visualizations of sexual content and auditory voices making sexually explicit remarks may sometimes be included in this classification. While it features components of other classifications, sexual hallucinations are distinct due to the orgasmic component and unique presentation.
482:) are the perception of sound without outside stimulus. Auditory hallucinations can be divided into elementary and complex, along with verbal and nonverbal. These hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination, with auditory verbal hallucinations being more common than nonverbal. Elementary hallucinations are the perception of sounds such as hissing, whistling, an extended tone, and more. In many cases,
36:
1188:, a hallucination of a mirror image of one's self. These "other selves" may be perfectly still or performing complex tasks, may be an image of a younger self or the present self, and tend to be briefly present. Complex hallucinations are a relatively uncommon finding in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Rarely, they may occur during occipital focal seizures or in
1388:, which suggested approximately 10% of the population had experienced at least one hallucinatory episode in the course of their life. More recent studies have validated these findings; the precise incidence found varies with the nature of the episode and the criteria of "hallucination" adopted, but the basic finding is now well-supported.
1064:. The segue into hallucination may begin with illusions where sensory perception is greatly distorted, but no novel sensory information is present. These typically last for several minutes, during which time the subject may be either conscious and normal or drowsy/inaccessible. Insight into these hallucinations is usually preserved and
666:
Command hallucinations are hallucinations in the form of commands; they appear to be from an external source, or can appear coming from the subject's head. The contents of the hallucinations can range from the innocuous to commands to cause harm to the self or others. Command hallucinations are often
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A risk factor for multimodal hallucinations is prior experience of unimodal hallucinations. In 90% cases of psychosis, a visual hallucination occurs in combination with another sensory modality, most often being auditory or somatic. In schizophrenia, multimodal hallucinations are twice as common as
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hallucination refers to somatic hallucinations not otherwise categorized by the above subsections. Common examples include when an individual feels that their body is being mutilated, i.e. twisted, torn, or disemboweled. Other reported cases are invasion by animals in the person's internal organs,
674:
Command hallucinations are sometimes used to defend a crime that has been committed, often homicides. In essence, it is a voice that one hears and it tells the listener what to do. Sometimes the commands are quite benign directives such as "Stand up" or "Shut the door." Whether it is a command for
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These hallucinations occur just before falling asleep and affect a high proportion of the population: in one survey 37% of the respondents experienced them twice a week. The hallucinations can last from seconds to minutes; all the while, the subject usually remains aware of the true nature of the
813:
or orgasmic stimuli. They may be unimodal or multimodal in nature and frequently involve sensation in the genital region, though it is not exclusive. Frequent examples of sexual hallucinations include the sensation of being penetrated, experiencing orgasm, feeling as if one is being touched in an
1513:
Prevalence of hallucinations varies depending on underlying medical conditions, which sensory modalities are affected, age and culture. As of 2022, auditory hallucinations are the most well studied and most common sensory modality of hallucinations, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 9.6%.
490:
Complex hallucinations are those of voices, music, or other sounds that may or may not be clear, may or may not be familiar, and may be friendly, aggressive, or among other possibilities. A hallucination of a single individual person of one or more talking voices is particularly associated with
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One proposed model of hallucinations posits that over-activity in sensory regions, which is normally attributed to internal sources via feedforward networks to the inferior frontal gyrus, is interpreted as originating externally due to abnormal connectivity or functionality of the feedforward
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person. The hallucinations can occur at any time and can distress people of any age, as they may not initially be aware that they are hallucinating. They may fear for their own mental health initially, which may delay them sharing with carers until they start to understand it themselves. The
486:
is an elementary auditory hallucination. However, some people who experience certain types of tinnitus, especially pulsatile tinnitus, are actually hearing the blood rushing through vessels near the ear. Because the auditory stimulus is present in this situation, it does not qualify it as a
947:
is called multimodal, analogous to unimodal hallucinations which have only one sensory modality. The multiple sensory modalities can occur at the same time (simultaneously) or with a delay (serial), be related or unrelated to each other, and be consistent with reality (congruent) or not
502:
In schizophrenia, voices are normally perceived coming from outside the person, but in dissociative disorders they are perceived as originating from within the person, commenting in their head instead of behind their back. Differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and
1010:. These hallucinations usually occur in the evenings, but not during drowsiness, as in the case of hypnagogic hallucination. The subject is usually fully conscious and then can interact with the hallucinatory characters for extended periods of time. As in the case of
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medication may also be utilized to treat the illness if the symptoms are severe and cause significant distress. For other causes of hallucinations there is no factual evidence to support any one treatment is scientifically tested and proven. However, abstaining from
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Disruptions in thalamocortical circuitry may underlie the observed top down and bottom up dysfunction. Thalamocortical circuits, composed of projections between thalamic and cortical neurons and adjacent interneurons, underlie certain electrophysical characteristics
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drugs, stimulant drugs, managing stress levels, living healthily, and getting plenty of sleep can help reduce the prevalence of hallucinations. In all cases of hallucinations, medical attention should be sought out and informed of one's specific symptoms.
1040:. Individuals with delirium tremens may be agitated and confused, especially in the later stages of this disease. Insight is gradually reduced with the progression of this disorder. Sleep is disturbed and occurs for a shorter period of time, with
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There are few treatments for many types of hallucinations. However, for those hallucinations caused by mental disease, a psychologist or psychiatrist should be consulted, and treatment will be based on the observations of those doctors.
1203:), distorted perception of movement (where moving objects may appear to be moving very slowly or to be perfectly still), a sense that surfaces such as ceilings and even entire horizons are moving farther away in a fashion similar to the
5275:
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Phantosmia (olfactory hallucinations), smelling an odor that is not actually there, and parosmia (olfactory illusions), inhaling a real odor but perceiving it as different scent than remembered, are distortions to the sense of smell
1166:, multiply, or form concentric rings and generally persist from a few seconds to a few minutes. They are usually unilateral and localized to one part of the visual field on the contralateral side of the seizure focus, typically the
523:
with schizophrenia or other psychiatric illnesses, it is crucial to take into consideration that, even if a person does exhibit psychotic features, they do not necessarily have a psychiatric disorder on its own. Disorders such as
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Abnormal assignment of salience to stimuli may be one mechanism of hallucinations. Dysfunctional dopamine signaling may lead to abnormal top down regulation of sensory processing, allowing expectations to distort sensory input.
4206:
Trauner R, Obwegeser H (July 1957). "The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. I. Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin".
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for their similar hallucinatory symptoms. Presence hallucinations can be an early indicator of cognitive decline in
Parkinson's Disease. The symptoms strike during the evening in any part of the visual field, and are rarely
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Hallucinations may be manifested in a variety of forms. Various forms of hallucinations affect different senses, sometimes occurring simultaneously, creating multiple sensory hallucinations for those experiencing them.
865:
Somatic hallucinations refer to an interoceptive sensory experience in the absence of stimulus. Somatic hallucinations can be broken down into further subcategories: general, algesic, kinesthetic, and cenesthopathic.
626:(SVH) are also referred to as non-formed visual hallucinations and elementary visual hallucinations. These terms refer to lights, colors, geometric shapes, and indiscrete objects. These can be further subdivided into
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can also reduce the severity of hallucinations. Furthermore, there are recovery movements all around the world that advocate for individuals with schizophrenia or voice-hearers (individuals that hear voices). The
1184:. Complex hallucinations may appear to be real or unreal, may or may not be distorted with respect to size, and may seem disturbing or affable, among other variables. One rare but notable type of hallucination is
2058:
Dudley R, Aynsworth C, Cheetham R, McCarthy-Jones S, Collerton D (November 2018). "Prevalence and characteristics of multi-modal hallucinations in people with psychosis who experience visual hallucinations".
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being a risk factor for religious hallucinations, with and 61.7% of people having experienced any delusion and 75.9% of those having experienced a religious delusion found to also experience hallucinations.
784:
This type of hallucination is the perception of taste without a stimulus. These hallucinations, which are typically strange or unpleasant, are relatively common among individuals who have certain types of
3531:
Lim A, Hoek HW, Deen ML, Blom JD, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, et al. (October 2016). "Prevalence and classification of hallucinations in multiple sensory modalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders".
1112:. The hallucinations occur during states of full consciousness, and insight into the hallucinatory nature of the images is preserved. It has been noted that ataxic lesions accompany the migraine coma.
1441:, and the right hemispheric homologue of Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus. Grey and white matter abnormalities in visual regions are associated with hallucinations in diseases such as
413:
are considered normal phenomena. Hypnagogic hallucinations can occur as one is falling asleep and hypnopompic hallucinations occur when one is waking up. Hallucinations can be associated with
3951:
Engmann B (2008). "Phosphene und
Photopsien – Okzipitallappeninfarkt oder Reizdeprivation?" [Phosphenes and photopsias - ischaemic origin or sensorial deprivation? - Case history].
1505:, starting in Europe, is a great example of utilizing the knowledge and experience of voice hearers and combining it with experts in disorders such as schizophrenia, such as psychiatrists.
2652:
Engmann B, Reuter M (2009). "Melodiewahrnehmung ohne äußeren Reiz: Halluzination oder
Epilepsie? Ein Fallbericht" [Spontaneous perception of melodies: Hallucination or epilepsy?].
671:. People experiencing command hallucinations may or may not comply with the hallucinated commands, depending on the circumstances. Compliance is more common for non-violent commands.
3491:
Chaton L, Chochoi M, Reyns N, Lopes R, Derambure P, Szurhaj W (December 2018). "Localization of an epileptic orgasmic feeling to the right amygdala, using intracranial electrodes".
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Musical hallucinations are also relatively common in terms of complex auditory hallucinations and may be the result of a wide range of causes ranging from hearing-loss (such as in
3675:
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A 2015 review of 55 publications from 1962 to 2014 found 16–28.6% of those experiencing hallucinations report at least some religious content in them, along with 20–60% reporting
1369:, such as so-called benign hallucinations, may occur in a person in a state of good mental and physical health, even in the apparent absence of a transient trigger factor such as
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This type of hallucination is usually experienced during the recovery from a comatose state. The migraine coma can last for up to two days, and a state of depression is sometimes
4185:
4131:
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when it occurs for prolonged periods of time, and almost always occurs in the modality being deprived (visual for blindfolded/darkness, auditory for muffled conditions, etc.)
698:), and in most cases, are not caused by anything serious and will usually go away on their own in time. It can result from a range of conditions such as nasal infections,
752:
Tactile hallucinations are the illusion of tactile sensory input, simulating various types of pressure to the skin or other organs. One subtype of tactile hallucination,
2799:
1384:
The evidence for this statement has been accumulating for more than a century. Studies of benign hallucinatory experiences go back to 1886 and the early work of the
5595:
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Ozsarac M, Aksay E, Kiyan S, Unek O, Gulec FF (July 2012). "De novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: Pink Floyd's song "Brick in the Wall" as a warning sign".
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For example, one may report hallucinating a giraffe. A simple visual hallucination is an amorphous figure that may have a similar shape or color to a giraffe (
1433:, is associated with auditory hallucinations as a trait, while acute hallucinations are associated with increased activity in the same regions along with the
2115:
1413:
It has been reported that in serotonergic hallucinations, the person maintains an awareness that they are hallucinating, unlike dopaminergic hallucinations.
4659:"What Constitutes Sufficient Evidence for Case Formulation-Driven CBT for Psychosis? Cumulative Meta-analysis of the Effect on Hallucinations and Delusions"
1713:"What Constitutes Sufficient Evidence for Case Formulation-Driven CBT for Psychosis? Cumulative Meta-analysis of the Effect on Hallucinations and Delusions"
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Hallucinations are associated with structural and functional abnormalities in primary and secondary sensory cortices. Reduced grey matter in regions of the
1624:
4842:
Maijer K, Begemann MJ, Palmen SJ, Leucht S, Sommer IE (April 2018). "Auditory hallucinations across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
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School of
Psychological Sciences revealed that as few as five cups of coffee a day (approximately 500 mg of caffeine) could trigger the phenomenon.
2595:"Diagnosing Organic Causes of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Findings from a One-Year Cohort of the Freiburg Diagnostic Protocol in Psychosis (FDPP)"
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network. This is supported by cognitive studies of those with hallucinations, who have demonstrated abnormal attribution of self generated stimuli.
881:
640:(CVH) are also referred to as formed visual hallucinations. CVHs are clear, lifelike images or scenes such as people, animals, objects, places, etc.
4760:
706:, strokes, or brain tumors. Environmental exposures can sometimes cause it as well, such as smoking, exposure to certain types of chemicals (e.g.,
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may sometimes hear voices as well. One important example to consider when forming a differential diagnosis for a patient with paracusia is lateral
1544:
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pars compacta, but recent evidence suggests that PD affects a number of sites in the brain. Some places of noted degradation include the median
4788:"A comprehensive review of auditory verbal hallucinations: lifetime prevalence, correlates and mechanisms in healthy and clinical individuals"
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as a dissociative. These drugs also can induce sleep (relating to hypnagogic hallucinations) and especially the pethidines have atropine-like
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4708:"Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
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1762:"Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
4613:
Aleman A, Vercammon A. "The Bottom Up and Top Down
Components of Hallucinatory Phenomenon". In Jardri R, Cachia A, Pins D, Thomas P (eds.).
4570:
Behrendt RP (May 2006). "Dysregulation of thalamic sensory "transmission" in schizophrenia: neurochemical vulnerability to hallucinations".
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meaning to wander in the mind. For Browne, hallucination means a sort of vision that is "depraved and receive its objects erroneously".
2327:
4922:
3704:
Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Caulet M, Guilleminault C (October 1996). "Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?".
1340:, called the "wonder drug of the 1930s" after its invention in Germany in 1928, but only rarely specially compounded today) (q.q.v.).
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is a support and advocacy group for people who hallucinate voices, but do not otherwise show signs of mental illness or impairment.
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perceptions", in which a correctly sensed and interpreted stimulus (i.e., a real perception) is given some additional significance.
119:
1014:, insight into the nature of the images remains intact. The false images can occur in any part of the visual field, and are rarely
3904:
3395:
Janszky J, Ebner A, Szupera Z, Schulz R, Hollo A, Szücs A, et al. (September 2004). "Orgasmic aura—a report of seven cases".
158:
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1336:(respectively in the Twilight Sleep technique and the combination drug Skophedal, which was eukodal (oxycodone), scopolamine and
948:(incongruent). For example, a person talking in a hallucination would be congruent with reality, but a cat talking would not be.
1207:, and other illusions. Even when consciousness is impaired, insight into the hallucination or illusion is typically preserved.
585:
consumption has been linked to an increase in likelihood of one experiencing auditory hallucinations. A study conducted by the
2170:"Visual hallucinations in the psychosis spectrum and comparative information from neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease"
1180:, on the other hand, can produce complex visual hallucinations of people, scenes, animals, and more as well as distortions of
4156:
3598:
Jenkins G, Röhricht F (2007). "From
Cenesthesias to Cenesthopathic Schizophrenia: A Historical and Phenomenological Review".
1385:
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57:
53:
100:
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Penfield W, Rasmussen T. The cerebral cortex of man: a clinical study of localization of function. London: Macmillan, 1950.
1998:"A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations"
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activity, which was possibly also a limiting factor in the use, the psychotomimetic side effects of potentiating morphine,
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Multimodal hallucinations are correlated to poorer mental health outcomes, and are often experienced as feeling more real.
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72:
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Akhtar S, Thomson JA (April 1980). "Schizophrenia and sexuality: a review and a report of twelve unusual cases--part I".
1859:(Sixth ed.). New York Oxford: Oxford University Press, Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press.
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actions and certain stimulants, which are known to cause visual and auditory hallucinations. Some psychedelics such as
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1308:, amongst which there also appears to be a stronger correlation with the relative analgesic strength. Three opioids,
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The regions of the brain responsible differ by the subsection of sexual hallucination. In orgasmic auras, the mesial
79:
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are connected. Limited studies have been done to understand the mechanism of action behind sexual hallucinations in
5260:
4970:"Religious psychopathology: The prevalence of religious content of delusions and hallucinations in mental disorder"
1361:
1238:
1130:
Migraine attacks may result in visual hallucinations including auras and in rarer cases, auditory hallucinations.
738:). The perceived odors are usually unpleasant and commonly described as smelling burned, foul, spoiled, or rotten.
2951:
Knoll JL, Resnick PJ (February 2008). "Insanity
Defense Evaluations: Toward a Model for Evidence-Based Practice".
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Beck-Sander A, Birchwood M, Chadwick P (February 1997). "Acting on command hallucinations: a cognitive approach".
2103:
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3676:"Hallucinations in the movies tend to be about chaos, violence and mental distress. But they can be positive too"
1683:"Hallucinations in the movies tend to be about chaos, violence and mental distress. But they can be positive too"
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differ depending on the region of the brain where the seizure occurs. For example, visual hallucinations during
619:, which is a distortion of a real external stimulus. Visual hallucinations are classified as simple or complex:
5152:
3043:
Hong SC, Holbrook EH, Leopold DA, Hummel T (June 2012). "Distorted olfactory perception: a systematic review".
2368:
2224:"The neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations: serotonin 2A activation and a novel therapeutic drug"
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934:. The general feeling that one's flesh is decomposing is also classified under this type of this hallucination.
406:
322:
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86:
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The impact of personal religiosity and culture on the content of delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia
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to different degrees—it may be associated with the absolute degree of agonism or antagonism of especially the
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is "the perception of an external visual stimulus where none exists". A separate but related phenomenon is a
5580:
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Bunevičius P, Stompe R, Adomaitienė T, Vaškelytė V, Kupčinskas JJ, Stakišaitis L, et al. (2008-09-08).
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The word "hallucination" itself was introduced into the
English language by the 17th-century physician Sir
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5489:
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Sem-Jacobsen CW. Depth-electrographic stimulation of the human brain and behavior. Toronto: Ryerson, 1968.
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Chen E, Berrios GE (1996). "Recognition of hallucinations: a new multidimensional model and methodology".
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Brown GG, Thompson WK (2010). "Functional Brain
Imaging in Schizophrenia: Selected Results and Methods".
337:, which does not mimic real perception, and is under voluntary control. Hallucinations also differ from "
2741:"Emerging Processes Within Peer-Support Hearing Voices Groups: A Qualitative Study in the Dutch Context"
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756:, is the sensation of insects crawling underneath the skin and is frequently associated with prolonged
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Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex
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1630:
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1604:
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984:. Hypnagogic hallucinations are sometimes associated with brainstem abnormalities, but this is rare.
556:
3927:
3250:"Sexual Hallucinations in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Their Relation With Childhood Trauma"
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5141:
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Mason OJ, Brady F (October 2009). "The psychotomimetic effects of short-term sensory deprivation".
1996:
Montagnese M, Leptourgos P, Fernyhough C, Waters F, Larøi F, Jardri R, et al. (January 2021).
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One of the more enigmatic forms of visual hallucination is the highly variable, possibly polymodal
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seizures are typically visions of brightly colored, geometric shapes that may move across the
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experience hallucinations, with prevalence rising to 24% in the most hearing impaired group.
1445:, further supporting the notion of dysfunction in sensory regions underlying hallucinations.
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Distortions in visual perception during a temporal lobe seizure may include size distortion (
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Losurdo G, Principi M, Iannone A, Amoruso A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, et al. (April 2018).
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and some other families are more associated with this side effect than natural opioids like
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Linszen MM, van Zanten GA, Teunisse RJ, Brouwer RM, Scheltens P, Sommer IE (January 2019).
3880:"Presence Hallucinations as an Early Indicator of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease"
93:
5377:
2593:
Endres D, Matysik M, Feige B, Venhoff N, Schweizer T, Michel M, et al. (2020-09-14).
1574:
1438:
1325:
1234:
1081:
850:
798:
727:
715:
438:
385:
243:
235:
170:
4336:"Extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity: An expanding paradigm"
2424:"Mechanisms Underlying Auditory Hallucinations—Understanding Perception without Stimulus"
1855:
Purves D, Augustine G, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A, Mooney R, et al. (2018).
1569:
1430:
906:, are the sensation of movement of the limbs or other body parts without actual movement.
395:, and can occur in most of the senses above. These may be things like seeing movement in
3912:
2168:
Waters F, Collerton D, Ffytche DH, Jardri R, Pins D, Dudley R, et al. (July 2014).
793:. The regions of the brain responsible for gustatory hallucination in this case are the
4994:
4969:
4814:
4787:
4732:
4707:
4683:
4658:
4547:
4520:
4496:
4479:
4455:
4430:
4362:
4335:
4098:
4004:
3979:
3855:
3830:
3659:
3634:
3468:
3443:
3276:
3249:
2888:
2767:
2740:
2629:
2594:
2517:
2482:
2458:
2423:
2250:
2223:
2196:
2169:
2022:
1997:
1954:
1786:
1761:
1737:
1712:
1265:
1159:
903:
810:
794:
714:), or radiation treatment for head or neck cancer. It can also be a symptom of certain
512:
508:
369:
334:
5146:
4220:
3159:
3134:
2828:
5574:
4923:"Auditory hallucinations in adults with hearing impairment: a large prevalence study"
4723:
4300:
Sidgwick E, Johnson A, et al. (1894). "Report on the Census of
Hallucinations".
3444:"Bilateral cortical representation of orgasmic ecstasy localized by depth electrodes"
3072:
2964:
2136:
2039:
1922:"Early-stage visual perception impairment in schizophrenia, bottom-up and back again"
1921:
1777:
1645:
1489:
1475:
1305:
1273:
1189:
1167:
1155:
1121:
1077:
885:
874:
818:
735:
668:
496:
445:
400:
388:. Hallucinations are referred to as multimodal if multiple sensory modalities occur.
381:
349:
306:
281:
227:
4599:
4446:
4271:
2088:
760:
use. However, formication may also be the result of normal hormonal changes such as
648:
a giraffe), while a complex visual hallucination is a discrete, lifelike image that
519:. Despite the tendency to associate hearing voices, or otherwise hallucinating, and
5434:
4871:
3733:
2692:
2072:
1660:
1515:
1484:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1171:
1163:
1073:
834:
769:
231:
215:
4429:
El Haj M, Roche J, Jardri R, Kapogiannis D, Gallouj K, Antoine P (December 2017).
4152:
3408:
3222:
Assessment in psychiatric and mental health nursing: in search of the whole person
1276:
or the overall receptor activation profile as synthetic opioids like those of the
1141:
is the name given to visual hallucinations experienced by a partially or severely
5157:
4255:
4027:
Bien CG, Benninger FO, Urbach H, Schramm J, Kurthen M, Elger CE (February 2000).
3544:
3504:
3354:
3056:
5557:
5532:
5187:
4126:
3768:
3755:
2611:
1434:
1333:
1309:
1281:
1277:
1185:
1109:
1085:
838:
826:
773:
753:
707:
699:
549:
410:
399:, or hearing faint noises or voices. Auditory hallucinations are very common in
377:
310:
305:
that has the compelling sense of reality. Hallucination is a combination of two
35:
5168:
4706:
Penney D, Sauvé G, Mendelson D, Thibaudeau É, Moritz S, Lepage M (March 2022).
3846:
3792:
3650:
3459:
2928:
2911:
1937:
1760:
Penney D, Sauvé G, Mendelson D, Thibaudeau É, Moritz S, Lepage M (March 2022).
329:, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal;
5547:
5525:
5520:
5472:
5373:
5358:
5295:
5198:
4941:
4855:
4431:"Clinical and neurocognitive aspects of hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease"
4041:
4028:
3196:
3107:
3090:
2757:
2240:
1826:
1594:
1549:
1317:
1253:
1242:
1230:
1204:
1068:
is usually reduced. Parkinson's disease is usually associated with a degraded
1061:
1015:
1007:
981:
974:
684:
606:
602:
298:
276:
191:
4985:
4896:
4804:
4674:
4583:
4392:. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Vol. 4. pp. 181–214.
4352:
4089:
3964:
3635:"A first psychotic episode with kinesthetic hallucinations. Report of a case"
3266:
2620:
2508:
2449:
1945:
1728:
17:
5552:
5495:
5457:
5429:
5363:
5329:
5319:
5311:
5303:
5131:
4756:
4537:
3584:
2499:
2440:
2186:
2013:
1609:
1337:
1329:
1313:
1293:
1289:
1200:
1196:
1097:
1065:
960:
761:
631:
627:
545:
520:
492:
426:
418:
365:
357:
318:
5003:
4949:
4863:
4823:
4741:
4692:
4591:
4556:
4505:
4464:
4415:
4371:
4263:
4228:
4107:
4050:
4013:
3864:
3804:
3619:
3552:
3512:
3477:
3416:
3372:
3285:
3116:
3064:
2937:
2776:
2700:
2665:
2638:
2553:
2526:
2467:
2259:
2205:
2080:
2031:
1963:
1834:
1795:
1746:
511:
such as hallucinations. However, many people who do not have a diagnosable
3777:
3725:
3717:
3312:
3168:
3150:
2896:
2309:
1312:(a benzormorphan opioid/pentazocine relative) and two levorphanol-related
5515:
5510:
5505:
5449:
5422:
5334:
5324:
4397:
4081:
3995:
1589:
1530:
1458:
1297:
1285:
926:
846:
842:
822:
786:
688:
582:
483:
338:
330:
251:
4657:
Turner DT, Burger S, Smit F, Valmaggia LR, van der Gaag M (March 2020).
3363:
1711:
Turner DT, Burger S, Smit F, Valmaggia LR, van der Gaag M (March 2020).
1245:
can cause hallucinations that range in the spectrum of mild to intense.
5542:
5500:
5407:
5394:
5382:
5341:
5299:
4153:"Talwin Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses"
1301:
829:
are involved. In males, genital specific sensations are related to the
757:
711:
703:
568:
563:), lateral temporal lobe epilepsy, arteriovenous malformation, stroke,
5114:
3756:"Complex visual hallucinations. Clinical and neurobiological insights"
3611:
2301:
1174:
begin on the contralateral side and move toward the ipsilateral side.
5126:
4886:
1257:
931:
564:
3341:
Blom JD (2024). "The Diagnostic Spectrum of Sexual Hallucinations".
5537:
5402:
5217:
2369:"Auditory Hallucinations: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment"
2273:
Browne T (1646). "XVIII: That Moles are blinde and have no eyes".
475:
361:
333:, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real perception; and
2137:"The Sense of Being Stared At -- Part 1: Is it Real or Illusory?"
173:, a German artist who created many drawings of his hallucinations
5417:
4070:
The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
2912:"Command hallucinations among Asian patients with schizophrenia"
1003:
913:
499:, and hold special significance in diagnosing these conditions.
5264:
3571:
Bilder RM (August 2013). "The Neuroscience of Hallucinations".
2542:
Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi = Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica
2398:"Mental State Examination 3 – Perception and Mood – Pathologia"
1811:"Hallucinations, Psuedohallucinations, and Parahallucinations"
29:
4066:"Visual Hallucinations: Differential Diagnosis and Treatment"
3980:"Visual hallucinations: differential diagnosis and treatment"
3091:"Distortion of olfactory perception: diagnosis and treatment"
2821:"Too Much Coffee Can Make You Hear Things That Are Not There"
2739:
Schaefer B, Boumans J, van Os J, van Weeghel J (2021-04-21).
1170:. However, unilateral visions moving horizontally across the
833:
and arousal and ejaculation are linked to stimulation in the
3984:
Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
888:
marked by primarily cenesthopathic hallucinations and other
507:
is challenging due to many overlapping symptoms, especially
4629:"Hallucinations: Definition, Causes, Treatment & Types"
3224:. Cheltenham, UK: Stanley Thornes Publishers. p. 245.
3189:
A Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and their Treatment
3135:"Tactile hallucinations: conceptual and historical aspects"
4390:
Behavioral Neurobiology of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment
2910:
Lee TM, Chong SA, Chan YH, Sathyadevan G (December 2004).
5043:
Sensory Deception: A Scientific Analysis of Hallucination
4321:
Sensory Deception: a scientific analysis of hallucination
4122:"Fentanyl (Transdermal Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic"
1882:"Differential diagnosis and management of hallucinations"
5062:
Hallucinations: The Science of Idiosyncratic Perception
3182:
3180:
3178:
5064:. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
1320:
and Dextrorphan are classified as hallucinogens, and
965:
Hallucinations can be caused by a number of factors.
5104:
4521:"Hallucinations: Etiology and clinical implications"
2844:"Approach to the patient with visual hallucinations"
5471:
5448:
5393:
5310:
5178:
5108:
1396:There is tentative evidence of a relationship with
1256:, particularly auditory, are known side effects of
275:
261:
187:
177:
151:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4178:"Prescription Drugs That Can Cause Hallucinations"
3139:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
2870:
2868:
1815:Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes
1002:, which is a neural tract running to and from the
4302:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
2483:"Hallucinations: Clinical aspects and management"
4891:. Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT).
3015:"Phantosmia (Smelling Odours That Aren't There)"
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
317:. They are distinguishable from several related
139:"Hallucinate" redirects here. For the song, see
5224:"Anthropology and Hallucinations; chapter from
4209:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology
3835:Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
3799:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
3128:
3126:
4974:The International Journal of Social Psychiatry
3084:
3082:
2104:"Auditory Hallucinations in Adult Populations"
1047:
930:such as snakes in the stomach or frogs in the
552:, and many others can present with psychosis.
448:in 1646 from the derivation of the Latin word
5276:
4064:Teeple RC, Caplan JP, Stern TA (2009-02-15).
3831:"Delirium Tremens: Assessment and Management"
2217:
2215:
1920:Adámek P, Langová V, Horáček J (2022-03-21).
702:, dental problems, migraines, head injuries,
8:
4029:"Localizing value of epileptic visual auras"
3442:Surbeck W, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK (2013).
2715:"Rare Hallucinations Make Music In The Mind"
1889:Journal of the Hong Kong Medical Association
1409:Dopaminergic and serotonergic hallucinations
809:Sexual hallucinations are the perception of
4519:Kumar S, Soren S, Chaudhury S (July 2009).
1625:Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
919:, refers to a perceived perception of pain.
391:A mild form of hallucination is known as a
5283:
5269:
5261:
5105:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
2877:The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
1221:Drug-induced hallucinations are caused by
1048:Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia
898:Kinesthetic hallucinations, effecting the
157:
148:
5083:(1. American ed.). New York: Knopf.
4993:
4813:
4803:
4731:
4682:
4546:
4536:
4495:
4454:
4361:
4351:
4244:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
4097:
4040:
4003:
3854:
3767:
3658:
3467:
3362:
3275:
3265:
3158:
3106:
2927:
2766:
2756:
2628:
2610:
2516:
2498:
2457:
2439:
2249:
2239:
2195:
2185:
2021:
1953:
1785:
1736:
437:. Many hallucinations happen also during
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4755:Knowledge contributors (February 2024).
4484:Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience
4383:
4381:
2987:raining Institute for Suicide Assessment
2352:(6e ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 283.
634:which are SVH with geometric structures.
167:My eyes at the moment of the apparitions
4480:"On the neurobiology of hallucinations"
4287:Phantasms of the Living, Vols. I and II
3978:Teeple RC, Caplan JP, Stern TA (2009).
3754:Manford M, Andermann F (October 1998).
2976:
2974:
2953:Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention
1673:
1545:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
325:), which does not involve wakefulness;
5596:Symptoms and signs of mental disorders
4435:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
4285:Gurney E, Myers FW, Podmore F (1886).
3884:American Parkinson Disease Association
3566:
3564:
3562:
3248:Blom JD, Mangoenkarso E (9 May 2018).
1036:. It is associated with withdrawal in
912:Algesic hallucinations, effecting the
4963:
4961:
4959:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4781:
4779:
4777:
3674:Patterson C, Procter N (2023-05-24).
3526:
3524:
3522:
3437:
3435:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3243:
3241:
2721:from the original on December 5, 2006
2575:from the original on November 2, 2006
2569:"Hearing Voices: Some People Like It"
2363:
2361:
2359:
1681:Patterson C, Procter N (2023-05-24).
1356:Experimentally-induced hallucinations
980:images. These may be associated with
630:which are SVH without structure, and
7:
3928:"Migraine Doctor Rice Village 77005"
3573:Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
3448:Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports
2717:. ScienceDaily.com. August 9, 2000.
2053:
2051:
2049:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1400:, the so-called "gluten psychosis".
58:adding citations to reliable sources
5251:Hallucination: A Normal Phenomenon?
4786:de Leede-Smith S, Barkus E (2013).
3829:Grover S, Ghosh A (December 2018).
2983:"Uncovering Command Hallucinations"
2792:"Caffeine Linked to Hallucinations"
1527:some religious content in delusions
998:Peduncular means pertaining to the
5234:. November 4, 2006. Archived from
4615:The Neuroscience of Hallucinations
3633:Moreno FC, Barea MV (April 2021).
3301:The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
3025:from the original on 2 August 2016
2889:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01237.x
2422:Tracy D, Shergill S (2013-04-26).
599:Visual hallucinations in psychosis
25:
4340:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3706:The British Journal of Psychiatry
2681:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
2567:Thompson A (September 15, 2006).
1809:El-Mallakh RS, Walker KL (2010).
1344:Sensory deprivation hallucination
4724:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0277
3953:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Neuropsychologie
3762:. 121 ( Pt 10) (10): 1819–1840.
2993:from the original on 2014-01-02.
1778:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0277
1348:Hallucinations can be caused by
509:Schneiderian first rank symptoms
344:Hallucinations can occur in any
34:
4903:from the original on 2024-03-04
4792:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
4763:from the original on 2023-11-28
4639:from the original on 2024-01-08
4447:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.021
4188:from the original on 2021-08-28
4159:from the original on 2018-04-24
4134:from the original on 2018-04-24
3811:from the original on 2023-12-04
3686:from the original on 2023-05-28
2854:from the original on 2014-08-26
2802:from the original on 2024-01-01
2404:from the original on 2024-01-01
2379:from the original on 2024-01-01
2330:from the original on 2008-05-16
2118:from the original on 2022-06-07
1902:from the original on 2021-02-24
1693:from the original on 2023-05-28
45:needs additional citations for
27:Perception that only seems real
2965:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhm024
2916:Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
2693:10.1016/j.jemermed.2009.05.035
2073:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.032
1386:Society for Psychical Research
855:post-traumatic stress disorder
478:hallucinations (also known as
301:in the absence of an external
134:Hallucination (disambiguation)
1:
5045:. London Sydney: Croom Helm.
5041:Slade PD, Bentall RP (1988).
5024:The Anatomy of Hallucinations
4572:Journal of Psychopharmacology
4525:Industrial Psychiatry Journal
4319:Slade PD, Bentall RP (1988).
4221:10.1016/S0030-4220(57)80063-2
3409:10.1016/j.seizure.2003.09.005
2827:. 8 June 2011. Archived from
2487:Industrial Psychiatry Journal
2102:Waters F (30 December 2014).
1529:. There is some evidence for
1398:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
1392:Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
1154:Visual hallucinations due to
797:and the superior bank of the
638:Complex visual hallucinations
256:Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
4256:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181b9760b
4035:. 123 ( Pt 2) (2): 244–253.
3545:10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.010
3505:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.013
3355:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000388
3343:Harvard Review of Psychiatry
3089:Leopold D (September 2002).
3057:10.3109/00016489.2012.659759
1494:cognitive behavioral therapy
1233:, including many drugs with
624:Simple visual hallucinations
542:systemic lupus erythematosus
266:Cognitive behavioral therapy
5481:Sensory processing disorder
3903:Derr D (14 February 2006).
3187:Panayiotopoulos CP (2010).
2612:10.3390/diagnostics10090691
837:. In females, however, the
652:, unmistakably, a giraffe.
5612:
5060:Aleman A, Larøi F (2008).
3878:Franchina P (2023-06-30).
3847:10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.012
3651:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2101
3460:10.1016/j.ebcr.2013.03.002
2929:10.1177/070674370404901207
1938:10.1038/s41537-022-00237-9
1362:Hallucinations in the sane
1359:
1239:lysergic acid diethylamide
1214:
1211:Drug-induced hallucination
1119:
1025:
991:
972:
958:
943:A hallucination involving
745:
726:, intoxication, substance
682:
659:
596:
559:, the auditory version of
468:
411:hypnopompic hallucinations
138:
131:
4942:10.1017/S0033291718000594
4856:10.1017/s0033291717002367
4757:"Hearing Voices Movement"
4289:. London: Trubner and Co.
3791:Rahman A, Paul M (2023).
3769:10.1093/brain/121.10.1819
3197:10.1007/978-1-84628-644-5
3133:Berrios GE (April 1982).
2758:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647969
2348:Nolen-Hoeksema S (2014).
2326:. thefreedictionary.com.
2241:10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1
2222:Jalal B (November 2018).
2151:"Auditory Hallucinations"
1827:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34
1600:Microwave auditory effect
1332:, and other opioids with
1304:and semi-synthetics like
1012:hypnagogic hallucinations
407:Hypnagogic hallucinations
165:
156:
5026:. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
4986:10.1177/0020764015573089
4805:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00367
4584:10.1177/0269881105057696
4353:10.3748/wjg.v24.i14.1521
3965:10.1024/1016-264X.19.1.7
3267:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00193
2540:Shibayama M (2011). "".
1560:Closed-eye hallucination
1252:, or intensification of
1042:rapid eye movement sleep
969:Hypnagogic hallucination
4538:10.4103/0972-6748.62273
4042:10.1093/brain/123.2.244
3254:Frontiers in Psychiatry
3108:10.1093/chemse/27.7.611
3013:HealthUnlocked (2014),
2745:Frontiers in Psychiatry
2500:10.4103/0972-6748.77625
2441:10.3390/brainsci3020642
1656:Apparitional experience
1503:Hearing Voices Movement
1423:superior temporal gyrus
1139:Charles Bonnet syndrome
1134:Charles Bonnet syndrome
994:Peduncular hallucinosis
988:Peduncular hallucinosis
764:, or disorders such as
576:Hearing Voices Movement
561:Charles Bonnet syndrome
212:Charles Bonnet syndrome
196:Peduncular hallucinosis
5490:Auditory hallucination
5232:psychanalyse-paris.com
5226:The Making of Religion
5218:Hearing Voices Network
4930:Psychological Medicine
4844:Psychological Medicine
4675:10.1093/schbul/sbaa045
4663:Schizophrenia Bulletin
3926:Zegar A (2022-12-15).
3533:Schizophrenia Research
3045:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
2666:10.1055/s-0038-1628605
2174:Schizophrenia Bulletin
2002:Schizophrenia Bulletin
1729:10.1093/schbul/sbaa045
1717:Schizophrenia Bulletin
1620:Psychedelic experience
1498:metacognitive training
1480:atypical antipsychotic
1178:Temporal lobe seizures
890:body image aberrations
835:posterior frontal lobe
791:temporal lobe epilepsy
534:metabolic disturbances
517:temporal lobe epilepsy
505:dissociative disorders
471:Auditory hallucination
431:neurological disorders
270:metacognitive training
4968:Cook CC (June 2015).
4478:Boksa P (July 2009).
4323:. London: Croom Helm.
3718:10.1192/bjp.169.4.459
3585:10.1093/arclin/act029
3151:10.1136/jnnp.45.4.285
2275:Pseudodoxia Epidemica
2187:10.1093/schbul/sbu036
2014:10.31219/osf.io/zebxv
1641:Vision (spirituality)
1585:Anomalous experiences
1427:middle temporal gyrus
1367:Anomalous experiences
1270:delta opioid receptor
1262:kappa opioid receptor
1126:Scintillating scotoma
766:peripheral neuropathy
748:Tactile hallucination
224:Anomalous experiences
4398:10.1007/7854_2010_54
4215:(7): 677–89, contd.
4082:10.4088/PCC.08r00673
3996:10.4088/PCC.08r00673
2796:Smithsonian Magazine
2481:Chaudhury S (2010).
1631:Psychotic depression
1605:Phantom eye syndrome
1250:pseudohallucinations
1038:alcohol use disorder
613:visual hallucination
557:musical ear syndrome
321:, such as dreaming (
132:For other uses, see
54:improve this article
5347:Anterograde amnesia
5022:Johnson FH (1978).
3932:Rice Emergency Room
3639:European Psychiatry
2571:. LiveScience.com.
2350:Abnormal Psychology
2155:clevelandclinic.org
2061:Psychiatry Research
1651:Bicameral mentality
1580:Hallucinogenic fish
1555:Pseudohallucination
1443:Alzheimer's disease
1379:sensory deprivation
1350:sensory deprivation
1053:Parkinson's disease
732:psychotic disorders
662:Bicameral mentality
587:La Trobe University
327:pseudohallucination
220:Sensory deprivation
204:Parkinson's disease
5591:Nonexistent things
5352:Retrograde amnesia
5292:Signs and symptoms
5179:External resources
3909:The New York Times
3793:"Delirium Tremens"
2825:Medical News Today
2228:Psychopharmacology
1565:Dimethyltryptamine
1516:hearing impairment
1455:gamma oscillations
1057:Lewy body dementia
961:Psychosis (causes)
945:sensory modalities
538:multiple sclerosis
530:endocrine diseases
495:disorders such as
417:use (particularly
208:Lewy body dementia
141:Hallucinate (song)
5568:
5567:
5440:Suicidal ideation
5213:
5212:
5090:978-0-307-95724-5
5079:Sacks OW (2012).
5071:978-1-4338-0311-6
4407:978-3-642-13716-7
4346:(14): 1521–1530.
3612:10.1159/000106314
3231:978-0-7487-3174-9
3220:Barker P (1997).
3206:978-1-84628-643-8
2302:10.1159/000284972
2234:(11): 3083–3091.
2108:Psychiatric Times
1866:978-1-60535-380-7
1636:Simulated reality
1615:Prisoner's cinema
1205:dolly zoom effect
1182:visual perception
1090:parabrachial area
831:postcentral gyrus
423:sleep deprivation
397:peripheral vision
374:equilibrioceptive
309:states of brain:
291:
290:
248:sleep deprivation
240:drug intoxication
146:Medical condition
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5603:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5262:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5106:
5094:
5075:
5056:
5037:
5008:
5007:
4997:
4965:
4954:
4953:
4927:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4839:
4828:
4827:
4817:
4807:
4783:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4669:(5): 1072–1085.
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4633:Cleveland Clinic
4625:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4550:
4540:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4101:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3911:. Archived from
3905:"Marilyn and Me"
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3751:
3738:
3737:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3680:The Conversation
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3539:(2–3): 493–499.
3528:
3517:
3516:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3439:
3430:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3338:
3317:
3316:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3184:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3010:
2995:
2994:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2848:www.uptodate.com
2839:
2833:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2614:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2520:
2502:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2443:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2373:Cleveland Clinic
2365:
2354:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2277:. Vol. III.
2270:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2180:(4): S233–S245.
2165:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2110:. Vol 31 No 12.
2099:
2093:
2092:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2025:
1993:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1886:
1880:Chiu LP (1989).
1877:
1871:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1723:(5): 1072–1085.
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1687:The Conversation
1678:
1461:release agents.
1322:Dextromethorphan
1248:Hallucinations,
1116:Migraine attacks
1094:pedunculopontine
1070:substantia nigra
1034:delirium tremens
1028:Delirium tremens
1022:Delirium tremens
917:sensory modality
900:sensory modality
884:as a subtype of
878:sensory modality
873:- Effecting the
724:bipolar disorder
716:mental disorders
696:olfactory system
667:associated with
526:Wilson's disease
435:delirium tremens
346:sensory modality
200:Delirium tremens
161:
149:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5467:
5444:
5389:
5378:Lightheadedness
5306:
5289:
5241:
5239:
5238:on May 29, 2016
5222:
5214:
5209:
5208:
5174:
5173:
5117:
5103:
5098:
5091:
5078:
5072:
5059:
5053:
5040:
5034:
5021:
5017:
5015:Further reading
5012:
5011:
4967:
4966:
4957:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4906:
4904:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4841:
4840:
4831:
4785:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4764:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4712:JAMA Psychiatry
4705:
4704:
4700:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4642:
4640:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4408:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4250:(10): 783–785.
4241:
4240:
4236:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4191:
4189:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4162:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4026:
4025:
4021:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3753:
3752:
3741:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3600:Psychopathology
3597:
3596:
3592:
3570:
3569:
3560:
3530:
3529:
3520:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3340:
3339:
3320:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3186:
3185:
3176:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3095:Chemical Senses
3088:
3087:
3080:
3051:(S1): S27–S31.
3042:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3012:
3011:
2998:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2922:(12): 838–842.
2909:
2908:
2904:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2857:
2855:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2654:Nervenheilkunde
2651:
2650:
2646:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2290:Psychopathology
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2119:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2057:
2056:
2047:
1995:
1994:
1971:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1766:JAMA Psychiatry
1759:
1758:
1754:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1575:Ganzfeld effect
1540:
1522:unimodal ones.
1511:
1471:
1439:parahippocampus
1419:
1411:
1406:
1404:Pathophysiology
1394:
1364:
1358:
1346:
1326:anticholinergic
1266:sigma receptors
1235:anticholinergic
1219:
1213:
1152:
1136:
1128:
1118:
1106:
1088:neurons in the
1082:locus coeruleus
1055:is linked with
1050:
1030:
1024:
996:
990:
977:
971:
963:
957:
941:
863:
807:
799:sylvian fissure
782:
768:, high fevers,
750:
744:
691:
683:Main articles:
681:
664:
658:
617:visual illusion
609:
595:
487:hallucination.
473:
467:
458:
439:sleep paralysis
236:Sleep paralysis
171:August Natterer
147:
144:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Hallucination"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5609:
5607:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5581:Hallucinations
5573:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5493:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5463:Russell's sign
5460:
5454:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5371:
5369:Disequilibrium
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5316:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5220:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5195:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5160:
5149:
5134:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:Classification
5102:
5101:External links
5099:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5081:Hallucinations
5076:
5070:
5057:
5051:
5038:
5032:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5009:
4980:(4): 404–425.
4955:
4936:(1): 132–139.
4913:
4877:
4850:(6): 879–888.
4829:
4773:
4747:
4718:(5): 417–429.
4698:
4649:
4620:
4605:
4578:(3): 356–372.
4562:
4531:(2): 119–126.
4511:
4490:(4): 260–262.
4470:
4421:
4406:
4377:
4326:
4311:
4292:
4277:
4234:
4198:
4169:
4144:
4113:
4056:
4019:
3970:
3943:
3918:
3915:on 2011-09-26.
3895:
3870:
3841:(4): 460–470.
3821:
3783:
3739:
3712:(4): 459–467.
3696:
3666:
3625:
3606:(5): 361–368.
3590:
3579:(5): 511–512.
3558:
3518:
3483:
3431:
3422:
3403:(6): 441–444.
3387:
3378:
3318:
3307:(4): 134–142.
3291:
3237:
3230:
3212:
3205:
3174:
3145:(4): 285–293.
3122:
3101:(7): 611–615.
3078:
3035:
2996:
2970:
2943:
2902:
2883:(1): 139–148.
2864:
2834:
2831:on 2013-03-11.
2812:
2782:
2731:
2706:
2687:(1): e17–e20.
2671:
2660:(4): 217–221.
2644:
2585:
2559:
2548:(9): 906–911.
2532:
2473:
2434:(2): 642–669.
2428:Brain Sciences
2414:
2389:
2355:
2340:
2315:
2280:
2265:
2211:
2160:
2142:
2128:
2094:
2045:
2008:(1): 237–248.
1969:
1912:
1872:
1865:
1847:
1801:
1772:(5): 417–429.
1752:
1703:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1510:
1507:
1485:hallucinogenic
1470:
1467:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1360:Main article:
1357:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1274:NMDA receptors
1215:Main article:
1212:
1209:
1168:temporal field
1160:occipital lobe
1156:focal seizures
1151:
1150:Focal epilepsy
1148:
1143:sight impaired
1135:
1132:
1117:
1114:
1105:
1102:
1096:nuclei of the
1049:
1046:
1026:Main article:
1023:
1020:
992:Main article:
989:
986:
973:Main article:
970:
967:
956:
953:
940:
937:
936:
935:
920:
907:
893:
871:Cenesthopathic
862:
859:
806:
803:
787:focal epilepsy
781:
778:
746:Main article:
743:
740:
680:
677:
657:
654:
642:
641:
635:
594:
591:
513:mental illness
469:Main article:
466:
463:
457:
456:Classification
454:
370:proprioceptive
335:mental imagery
289:
288:
279:
273:
272:
263:
259:
258:
189:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
163:
162:
154:
153:
145:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5608:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Medical signs
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5486:Hallucination
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5274:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5204:Hallucination
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5185:
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5052:0-7099-3961-2
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5033:0-88229-155-6
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4182:azcentral.com
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3955:(in German).
3954:
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2656:(in German).
2655:
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2015:
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1990:
1988:
1986:
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1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
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1939:
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1927:
1926:Schizophrenia
1923:
1916:
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1894:
1890:
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1646:Schizophrenia
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1490:Meta-analyses
1486:
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1477:
1476:Antipsychotic
1468:
1466:
1462:
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1446:
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1227:dissociatives
1224:
1223:hallucinogens
1218:
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1190:parietal lobe
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1183:
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1104:Migraine coma
1103:
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1080:parts of the
1079:
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901:
897:
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886:schizophrenia
883:
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869:
868:
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860:
858:
856:
852:
851:substance use
848:
844:
840:
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828:
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819:temporal lobe
815:
812:
804:
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800:
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789:, especially
788:
779:
777:
775:
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767:
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736:schizophrenia
733:
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717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
686:
678:
676:
672:
670:
669:schizophrenia
663:
655:
653:
651:
647:
639:
636:
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
618:
614:
608:
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600:
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590:
588:
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577:
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551:
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543:
539:
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518:
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506:
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498:
497:schizophrenia
494:
488:
485:
481:
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472:
464:
462:
455:
453:
451:
447:
446:Thomas Browne
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
402:
401:schizophrenia
398:
394:
389:
387:
386:chronoceptive
383:
382:thermoceptive
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:hallucination
287:
283:
282:Antipsychotic
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Schizophrenia
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
152:Hallucination
150:
142:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Hallucinatory
5485:
5435:Irritability
5294:relating to
5240:. Retrieved
5236:the original
5231:
5225:
5197:
5186:
5162:
5151:
5136:
5121:
5095:</ref>
5080:
5061:
5042:
5023:
4977:
4973:
4933:
4929:
4916:
4905:. Retrieved
4887:
4880:
4847:
4843:
4795:
4791:
4765:. Retrieved
4750:
4715:
4711:
4701:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4641:. Retrieved
4632:
4623:
4614:
4608:
4575:
4571:
4565:
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4487:
4483:
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4295:
4286:
4280:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4190:. Retrieved
4181:
4172:
4161:. Retrieved
4147:
4136:. Retrieved
4125:
4116:
4076:(1): 26–32.
4073:
4069:
4059:
4032:
4022:
3990:(1): 26–32.
3987:
3983:
3973:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3935:. Retrieved
3931:
3921:
3913:the original
3908:
3898:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:
3873:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3813:. Retrieved
3796:
3786:
3759:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3688:. Retrieved
3679:
3669:
3645:(S1): S795.
3642:
3638:
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3603:
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3572:
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3364:1887/3730958
3346:
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3257:
3253:
3221:
3215:
3188:
3142:
3138:
3098:
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3038:
3027:, retrieved
3018:
2986:
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2952:
2946:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2880:
2876:
2856:. Retrieved
2847:
2837:
2829:the original
2824:
2815:
2804:. Retrieved
2795:
2785:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2723:. Retrieved
2709:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2577:. Retrieved
2562:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2406:. Retrieved
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2372:
2349:
2343:
2332:. Retrieved
2318:
2296:(1): 54–63.
2293:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2231:
2227:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2107:
2097:
2064:
2060:
2005:
2001:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1895:(3): 292–7.
1892:
1888:
1875:
1857:Neuroscience
1856:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1821:(1): 34–42.
1818:
1814:
1804:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1661:Phantom limb
1570:Folie Ă deux
1524:
1520:
1512:
1509:Epidemiology
1472:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1431:Broca's area
1429:, including
1420:
1417:Neuroanatomy
1412:
1395:
1383:
1375:intoxication
1366:
1365:
1347:
1247:
1220:
1217:Hallucinogen
1194:
1176:
1172:visual field
1164:visual field
1153:
1137:
1129:
1107:
1074:raphe nuclei
1051:
1031:
997:
978:
964:
950:
942:
922:
909:
896:Kinesthetic-
895:
870:
864:
857:etiologies.
816:
808:
783:
776:, and more.
770:Lyme disease
751:
708:insecticides
700:nasal polyps
692:
673:
665:
649:
645:
643:
637:
623:
616:
612:
610:
580:
573:
571:, or tumor.
554:
501:
489:
479:
474:
459:
449:
443:
405:
392:
390:
343:
294:
292:
232:Psychedelics
216:Hallucinogen
166:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5558:Hypergeusia
5533:Synesthesia
5188:MedlinePlus
4617:. Springer.
4441:: 713–720.
4127:Mayo Clinic
3959:(1): 7–13.
3499:: 347–351.
3349:(1): 1–14.
3019:NHS Choices
2599:Diagnostics
2493:(1): 5–12.
2324:"Paracusia"
1932:(1): 1–12.
1435:hippocampus
1334:scopolamine
1310:Cyclazocine
1282:levorphanol
1278:pentazocine
1186:heautoscopy
1086:cholinergic
875:cenesthetic
839:hippocampus
827:hippocampus
774:skin cancer
754:formication
550:sarcoidosis
532:, numerous
393:disturbance
378:nociceptive
311:wakefulness
5575:Categories
5548:Hypogeusia
5526:Hyperosmia
5521:Phantosmia
5473:Perception
5413:Depression
5374:Presyncope
5359:Convulsion
5296:perception
5242:October 4,
5199:Patient UK
5164:DiseasesDB
4907:2022-04-26
4767:2024-03-03
4643:2024-01-08
4342:(Review).
4192:2018-04-24
4163:2018-04-24
4138:2018-04-24
3937:2024-07-27
3889:2024-07-27
3815:2024-01-08
3797:StatPearls
3690:2023-05-28
2858:2014-08-25
2806:2024-01-01
2751:: 647969.
2725:2006-12-31
2605:(9): 691.
2579:2006-11-25
2408:2024-01-01
2383:2024-01-01
2334:2008-08-13
2122:2021-02-01
1906:2014-05-29
1697:2023-05-28
1668:References
1595:Hypnagogia
1550:Phantosmia
1492:show that
1469:Treatments
1318:Cyclorphan
1254:pareidolia
1243:psilocybin
1241:(LSD) and
1231:deliriants
1192:seizures.
1120:See also:
1084:, and the
1008:brain stem
982:narcolepsy
975:Hypnagogia
959:See also:
939:Multimodal
728:withdrawal
720:depression
685:Phantosmia
660:See also:
646:looks like
632:photopsias
628:phosphenes
607:Palinopsia
603:Pareidolia
597:See also:
528:, various
419:deliriants
339:delusional
299:perception
277:Medication
244:withdrawal
192:Hypnagogia
183:Psychiatry
80:newspapers
5553:Dysgeusia
5458:Verbosity
5430:Hostility
5364:Dizziness
5330:Psychosis
5320:Confusion
5312:Cognition
5304:behaviour
4897:654554799
4308:. London.
4090:1523-5998
3454:: 62–65.
3073:207416134
2981:Shea SC.
2842:Pelak V.
2790:Fiegl A.
2621:2075-4418
2509:0972-6748
2450:2076-3425
2067:: 25–30.
2040:243338891
1946:2754-6993
1610:Phosphene
1531:delusions
1338:ephedrine
1330:oxycodone
1316:opioids,
1314:morphinan
1294:methadone
1290:pethidine
1201:macropsia
1197:micropsia
1098:tegmentum
1066:REM sleep
1062:polymodal
1016:polymodal
811:erogenous
780:Gustatory
762:menopause
679:Olfactory
546:porphyria
521:psychosis
493:psychotic
480:paracusia
450:alucinari
427:psychosis
362:gustatory
358:olfactory
323:REM sleep
319:phenomena
315:REM sleep
307:conscious
262:Treatment
179:Specialty
5516:Parosmia
5511:Dysosmia
5506:Hyposmia
5450:Behavior
5423:Paranoia
5335:Delusion
5325:Delirium
5004:25770205
4950:29554989
4901:Archived
4864:28956518
4824:23882203
4761:Archived
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4637:Archived
4600:17104995
4592:16174672
4557:21180490
4506:19568476
4465:28235545
4416:21312401
4372:29662290
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4264:19829208
4229:13441284
4186:Archived
4157:Archived
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4108:19333408
4051:10648433
4014:19333408
3865:30564004
3809:Archived
3805:29489272
3684:Archived
3620:17657136
3553:27349814
3513:30126613
3478:25667829
3417:15276150
3373:38181099
3286:29867612
3117:12200340
3065:22582778
3029:6 August
3023:archived
2991:Archived
2938:15679207
2852:Archived
2800:Archived
2777:33967856
2719:Archived
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2639:32937787
2573:Archived
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2206:24936084
2116:Archived
2089:52092886
2081:30145297
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1796:35320347
1747:32221536
1691:Archived
1590:Illusion
1538:See also
1459:dopamine
1298:morphine
1286:fentanyl
1272:and the
1110:comorbid
1000:peduncle
925:General
923:General-
910:Algesic-
847:epilepsy
843:amygdala
823:amygdala
821:, right
718:such as
712:solvents
704:seizures
689:Parosmia
583:caffeine
484:tinnitus
476:Auditory
465:Auditory
354:auditory
331:illusion
303:stimulus
252:epilepsy
110:May 2024
5543:Ageusia
5501:Anosmia
5408:Anxiety
5395:Emotion
5383:Vertigo
5342:Amnesia
5300:emotion
5158:D006212
4995:4440877
4872:3820537
4815:3712258
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3313:7364736
3277:5954108
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3169:7042917
2897:9051285
2768:8098806
2630:7555162
2518:3105559
2459:4061847
2310:8711076
2251:6208952
2197:4141306
2023:7825001
1955:8938488
1787:8943641
1738:7505201
1371:fatigue
1302:codeine
1258:opioids
1006:on the
927:somatic
914:algesic
861:Somatic
758:cocaine
742:Tactile
734:(e.g.,
656:Command
569:abscess
366:tactile
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5193:003258
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565:lesion
433:, and
350:visual
188:Causes
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5538:Taste
5496:Smell
5403:Anger
5169:19769
5147:780.1
4926:(PDF)
4868:S2CID
4596:S2CID
4268:S2CID
4033:Brain
3760:Brain
3730:S2CID
3069:S2CID
2085:S2CID
2036:S2CID
1900:(PDF)
1885:(PDF)
1840:8 May
955:Cause
730:, or
581:High
297:is a
101:JSTOR
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5302:and
5244:2016
5153:MeSH
5142:9-CM
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