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395:, a senior person will initiate a handshake, which is preferred to be weak. It is a sign of respect to grasp the right arm with the left hand when shaking hands. It is considered disrespectful to put the free hand in one's pocket while shaking hands. Bowing is the preferred and conventional way of greeting a person in Korea.
737:
688:, by shaking hands for 9 hours and 30 minutes, besting the previous record of 9 hours and 19 minutes set in 2006. This record stood briefly until 16 August 2008 when Kirk Williamson and Richard McCulley were recognized by Guinness World Records for the longest time two people shook hands uninterruptedly for 10 hours at
369:, handshakes are the most common greetings between men, optionally followed by a kiss on the cheek if the two parties have a close relationship. Traditionally, a woman needs to wait for the man to present his hand for the handshake. Women usually greet each other with hugs and a kiss on the cheek.
88:
as a demonstration of peaceful intent, since it shows that the hand holds no weapon. Another possibility is that it originated as a symbolic gesture of mutual commitment to an oath or promise: two hands clasping each other represents the sealing of a bond. One of the earliest known depictions of a
59:
in which two people grasp one of each other's hands, and in most cases, it is accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. Customs surrounding handshakes are specific to cultures. Different cultures may be more or less likely to shake hands, or there may be different customs
479:. Typically the fist bump is done with a clenched hand. Only the knuckles of the hand are typically touched to the knuckles of the other person's hand. Unlike the formality of a handshake, the fist bump is typically not used to seal a business deal or in formal business settings.
376:, age is considered important in handshake etiquette, and older people should be greeted with a handshake before others. A weak handshake is also preferred, but people shaking hands often hold on to each other's hands for an extended period after the initial handshake.
755:
700:, when John-Clark Levin and George Posner shook hands for 15 hours, 15 minutes, and 15 seconds. The next month, on 21 November, Matthew Rosen and Joe Ackerman surpassed this feat, with a new world record time of 15 hours, 30 minutes and 45 seconds.
482:
The hand hug is a type of handshake popular with politicians, as it can present them as being warm, friendly, trustworthy and honest. This type of handshake involves covering the clenched hands with the remaining free hand, creating a sort of
383:
to each other (with hands open by their sides). Japanese people may greet foreigners with a handshake; foreigners are advised to let
Japanese people initiate any handshakes, and a weak handshake is preferred. A curious exception are so-called
614:
that human handshakes serve as a means of transferring social chemical signals between the shakers. It appears that there is a tendency to bring the shaken hands to the vicinity of the nose and smell them. They may serve an
361:
will give a soft handshake to someone of the same gender, along with one kiss on each cheek (lips don't touch the cheek unless they are family). The handshake may be followed by lightly touching one's heart with one's right
458:, it is considered rude to use the left hand during a handshake. While greeting the elderly or a person in authority, it is also customary to accompany the handshake with a bow and the left hand supporting the right.
465:, it is considered rude to use one's left hand as it is a hand designated for unclean duties. A medium to soft handshake grip is sufficient, since gripping too hard could be considered rude or an act of aggression.
798:
68:
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696:. On 21 September 2009, Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison then broke that record by shaking hands for 12 hours, 34 minutes and 56 seconds. Their record was broken less than a month later in
775:
586:, several countries and organisations adopted policies encouraging people to use alternative modes of greeting instead of a handshake. Suggested alternatives included the
434:, handshakes are continually held to show that the conversation is between the two talking. If they are not shaking hands, others are permitted to enter the conversation.
1567:
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changed its rules so that the previously required handshakes between fencers at the end of a bout would become optional, with a distance greeting permitted instead.
412:, placing their palms together at chest level and bowing, this is then returned, with men saying “Sawadee-krap” and women saying “Sawadee-kah” (both mean “Hello").
1882:
Idan Frumin; Ofer Perl; Yaara
Endevelt-Shapira; Ami Eisen; Neetai Eshel; Iris Heller; Maya Shemesh; Aharon Ravia; Lee Sela; Anat Arzi; Noam Sobel (3 March 2015).
619:
need to learn about the person whose hand was shaken, replacing a more overt sniffing behavior, as is common among animals and in certain human cultures (such as
2035:
1641:
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gesture, sometimes combined with a slight bow, is traditionally used in place of handshakes. Handshakes are preferred in business and other formal settings.
1831:
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and Roman funerary and non-funerary art. Muslim scholars have written that the custom of handshaking was introduced to them by the people of Yemen.
673:
for a July 1977 publicity stunt, in which the mayor shook more than 11,000 hands in a single day, breaking the record previously held by
President
561:. UCLA did not ban the handshakes outright, but rather suggested other options such as fist bumping, smiling, bowing, waving, and non-contact
1678:
1436:
135:(stele SK1708) and on other funerary steles, such as one from the 4th century BC that depicts Thraseas and his wife Euandria shaking hands.
127:) as early as the 5th century BC. For example, a depiction of two soldiers joining hands can be found on part of a 5th-century BC funerary
269:
countries, handshaking is common in business situations. In casual non-business situations, men are more likely to shake hands than women.
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1857:
546:, Tom Feasby, suggested that fist bumps may be a "nice replacement of the handshake" in an effort to prevent transmission of the virus.
284:, a traditional handshake is firm, executed with the right hand, with good posture and eye contact. A handshake where both parties are
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On 27 May 2008, Kevin
Whittaker and Cory Jens broke the Guinness World Record for the World's Longest Handshake (single hand) in
495:
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1339:
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Planet, Lonely; Lee, Jessica; Atkinson, Brett; Clammer, Paul; Maxwell, Virginia; Louis, Regis St; Parkes, Lorna (August 2017).
327:, where a firm handshake is preferred, people most often shake hands when agreeing on deals, in private and business relations.
1933:
320:
Danish citizenship is a ceremony at which a handshake with a local official is specifically required (gloves may not be worn).
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249:, balance, and equality. If it is done to form an agreement, the agreement is not official until the hands are parted.
2926:
1341:
The Global
Etiquette Guide to Africa and the Middle East: Everything You Need to Know for Business and Travel Success
24:
2148:
714:
On 29 January 2020, a new world record for the longest handshaking relay was set by approximately 1,817 people in
703:
At 8 p.m. EST on Friday 14 January 2011 a new attempt at the longest hand-shake commenced in New York City's
190:
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hospital, decided to test "a handshake-free zone" as a method for limiting the spread of germs and reducing the
549:
Following a 2010 study that showed that only about 40% of doctors and other health care providers complied with
451:
is customary in which the two shakers snap their fingers against each other at the conclusion of the handshake.
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344:, handshakes are standard among Jews (other than ultra-religious Jews, between genders), but not among Arabs.
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men in Africa greet one another by a subtle touch of palms of their hands for a very brief moment of time.
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2009:
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in an event organized by the Abu Dhabi Police to celebrate the 1 year anniversary of the signing of the
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are known to spread most frequently through direct skin-to-skin contact. A medical study has found that
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There are various customs surrounding handshakes, both generally and specific to certain cultures:
1509:
True Crime Japan: Thieves, Rascals, Killers and Dope Heads: True
Stories from a Japanese Courtroom
1081:
182:
2921:
1629:"Culture, customs and traditions: Greetings in Indonesia – Australia-Indonesia Youth Association"
1062:
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719:
674:
611:
539:
2359:
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1314:
Etiquette and Taboos around the World: A Geographic
Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Customs
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dictate otherwise, a handshake is made usually with bare hands. It depends on the situation.
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2712:
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1987:
1905:
1895:
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1037:
Davies, Glenys (1985). "The
Significance of the Handshake Motif in Classical Funerary Art".
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355:, handshakes are not as firm as in the West. Consequently, a grip that is too firm is rude.
100:
2779:
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1244:"Handshakes high on the agenda as Denmark's immigration minister awards nine citizenships"
1166:"The art of a good handshake in a[sic] interview or meeting – News & Insights"
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handshake is an ancient
Assyrian relief of the 9th century BC depicting the Assyrian king
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1582:"How To Shake Hands Like A Gentleman - Handshake Etiquette For Confident Introductions"
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1832:"Nice To Meet You, But How To Greet You? #NoHandshake Leaves Businesspeople Hanging"
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In Japan, there is not a tradition of shaking hands and it is preferred to formally
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1858:"Public Health Experts: Try 'Footshake' Instead of Handshake to Avoid Coronavirus"
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In Russia, a handshake is performed between men and rarely performed by women.
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Archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that handshaking was practiced in
85:
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996:"Handshake – Priest and two soldiers, 500BC. Pergamon Museum Berlin (SK1708)"
707:
and the existing record was broken by semi-professional world record-breaker
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1713:"International Fencing Federation decides to cancel mandatory handshake"
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Shaking with the right hand while delivering a certificate with the left
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1961:"Two friends shake hands for 9.5 hours in SF to set a new world record"
879:"Fist bumps, high-fives spread fewer germs than handshakes, study says"
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2036:"Longest Handshake: Team New Zealand and Team Nepal set world record"
1808:
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1809:"Social Distance, Hygiene and the Handshake: a Chinese Perspective"
1738:"Handshake-Free Zone: Stopping the Spread of Germs in the Hospital"
1050:
630:, where a quick sniff is part of the traditional greeting ritual).
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198:, March 2010, Mexico City, Mexico. Note the left-handed handshake.
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Coronavirus: Dutch PM tells nation not to shake hands – then does
1695:"FIE agrees to make handshake optional after Kharlan controversy"
908:"Attention Germaphobes: A Less Icky Alternative to the Handshake"
804:
British and
American troops shake hands on the Anzio Road during
142:
Handshake depicted on a Roman coin, with the name of the goddess
2298:
761:
Funerary stele of Thrasea and Euandria. Marble, ca. 375–350 BC.
724:
Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together
554:
104:
2177:
1535:"Bill Gates' Handshake With South Korea's Park Sparks Debate"
475:
Related to a handshake but more casual, some people prefer a
233:, or as a public sign of completing a business or diplomatic
2173:
1568:"16 Ways the modern handshake can differ around the world"
1129:
Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home
2038:. New York City: Worldrecordsacademy.org. 18 January 2011
2010:"Movers and shakers – an article on the new World Record"
646:
In 1963, Lance Dowson shook 12,500 individuals' hands in
610:
It has been discovered as a part of research at Israel's
590:, the fist bump, foot tapping or non-contact actions for
218:
at the Oslo Accords signing ceremony on 13 September 1993
1884:"A social chemosignaling function for human handshaking"
309:, handshakes are done more often, especially on meeting.
298:
shake hands when meeting, often including with children.
2104:"Video: 'Human chain of love' in UAE sets world record"
1481:"What is Proper Handshake Etiquette Around the World?"
337:, it may be expected to shake the women's hands first.
1311:
Taylor, Ken; Williams, Victoria R. (5 October 2017).
2061:. WorldRecordChase.com. Longest continuous handshake
1671:
Handshake: Student's Book: A Course in Communication
677:, who had set the record with 8,510 handshakes at a
2863:
2747:
2721:
2693:
2620:
2592:
2546:
2478:
2347:
2211:
2083:. Television New Zealand Limited. 17 January 2011
1988:"Great shakes! World record raises charity funds"
1795:Coronavirus: The 'Wuhan shake' or the elbow bump?
1784:, published 10 March 2020, accessed 14 March 2020
1143:"Why Do People Shake Hands? | Why Do People"
1596:"Ebola outbreak: How Liberia lost its handshake"
229:, parting, offering congratulations, expressing
1553:"Understanding South Korean Business Etiquette"
553:rules in hospitals, Mark Sklansky, a doctor at
1797:, published 3 March 2020, accessed 17 May 2020
1208:"Whoops! > The Connected Woman Association"
902:
900:
873:
871:
746:greeting an older man with slave carrying the
567:gestures. Other sources suggest raised brows,
402:, handshaking is only done if the traditional
2189:
1202:
1200:
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225:The handshake is commonly done upon meeting,
41:Richard Nixon shaking hands with Pope Paul VI
8:
1368:Hospitality and Tourism Management in Africa
1131:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Chapter 3.
515:Handshakes are known to spread a number of
76:(right) shakes the hand of Babylonian king
2196:
2182:
2174:
2081:"Kiwis break world record for a handshake"
1615:"Lalmba News, Vol. 57 No. 2 | Lalmba"
1104:. Condé Nast Digital. 2000. Archived from
927:
925:
1909:
1899:
1419:Strubbe, Kevin; Hobert, Liesbeth (2009).
1365:Ubani, Lumumba Umunna (9 February 2012).
602:gesture. Footshaking was also suggested.
93:clasping the hand of the Babylonian king
932:Fist bump can pound out flu transmission
347:In some countries such as Turkey or the
186:Tennis players shaking hands after match
150:Depictions of handshakes also appear in
19:For the telecommunications concept, see
1986:McClymont, Mhairi (21 September 2009).
1475:
1473:
867:
733:
408:is not offered. When a person offers a
2169:Gesta napříč kulturami - Videacesky.cz
1653:"Can the fist bump mix with business?"
1566:Import, Pongrass (13 September 2017).
16:Short human greeting or parting ritual
1807:Mittler, Barbara (26 February 2021).
1756:"Stop shaking hands. Do this instead"
84:The handshake may have originated in
7:
1934:"Most handshakes by a head of state"
241:, it is also done as a sign of good
2518:Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)
1271:"Friends Greeting Around the World"
245:. Its purpose is to convey trust,
111:handshaking, late 5th century BC,
60:about how or when to shake hands.
14:
1856:Raymond, Adam K. (2 March 2020).
492:Olga Kharlan handshaking incident
2156:
2142:
2130:
1533:Chappell, Bill (23 April 2013).
1222:"Shaking Hands Around the World"
994:Thomas, Chris (27 August 2009).
797:
774:
754:
736:
496:International Fencing Federation
51:is a globally widespread, brief
1830:Noguchi, Yuki (12 March 2020).
1673:. OUP Oxford. 7 November 1996.
1039:American Journal of Archaeology
716:Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
662:Atlantic City, New Jersey Mayor
131:that is on display in Berlin's
1506:Murphy, Paul (2 August 2016).
1287:Business Etiquette for Dummies
970:"The History of the Handshake"
951:"The History of the Handshake"
782:Antiochus I Theos of Commagene
681:reception on January 1, 1907.
670:Guinness Book of World Records
571:, two claps, hand over heart,
542:, the dean of medicine at the
252:Unless health issues or local
1:
2513:Three-finger salute (Serbian)
2147:The dictionary definition of
1338:Foster, Dean (October 2002).
1024:Social Rituals of the British
660:hours, in Wrexham, N. Wales.
1959:Fimrite, Peter (Fall 2008).
1284:Fox, Sue (31 January 2011).
538:than handshakes. During the
1421:Etiquette in het buitenland
522:. Certain diseases such as
194:Leaders welcome a boy into
2953:
1613:Andzik, Rob (4 May 2020).
1098:"Shaking hands with women"
25:Handshake (disambiguation)
18:
1457:guide.culturecrossing.net
1344:. John Wiley & Sons.
1290:. John Wiley & Sons.
1164:Rick (18 November 2021).
686:San Francisco, California
421:several nearby countries
2896:Nonverbal communication
2680:Thumb/index-finger ring
2602:Chinese number gestures
2304:Liberian snap handshake
1965:San Francisco Chronicle
1371:. Xlibris Corporation.
1224:. wisc-online.com. 2012
1145:. whydopeople.net. 2012
937:20 January 2011 at the
856:Transmission (medicine)
559:transmission of disease
206:Israeli Prime Minister
80:(left), 9th century BCE
2161:Quotations related to
1938:Guinness World Records
1699:www.insidethegames.biz
763:Antikensammlung Berlin
667:was recognized by the
643:
512:
260:By geographic location
219:
199:
187:
179:
171:
170:Officers shaking hands
147:
116:
81:
42:
34:
23:. For other uses, see
2876:Articulatory gestures
2508:Scout sign and salute
1395:Lonely Planet Morocco
1022:Busterson, Philip A.
784:, shaking hands with
698:Claremont, California
641:
544:University of Calgary
511:Do not handshake sign
510:
205:
193:
185:
177:
169:
141:
123:(where it was called
103:
71:
40:
33:
21:Handshake (computing)
2937:Disease transmission
2886:Manual communication
2547:Celebratory gestures
2139:at Wikimedia Commons
2014:The Jewish Chronicle
1602:. 20 September 2014.
1127:Post, Emily (1922).
316:, the final step in
97:to seal an alliance.
95:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
78:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
2348:Gestures of respect
1901:10.7554/eLife.05154
1584:. 15 December 2019.
1485:www.mentalfloss.com
2927:Parting traditions
2059:"Records achieved"
2057:Galpin, Alastair.
1940:. 30 December 1906
1453:"Culture Crossing"
1427:] (in Dutch).
720:Umm Al Emarat Park
675:Theodore Roosevelt
644:
612:Weizmann Institute
594:purposes, such as
540:2009 H1N1 pandemic
513:
288:is deemed as good
220:
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188:
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148:
117:
82:
43:
35:
2909:
2908:
2855:Sign of the cross
2815:Hand-in-waistcoat
2675:Sign of the horns
2523:Two-finger salute
2212:Friendly gestures
2135:Media related to
2016:. 3 December 2009
1680:978-90-5617-910-6
1487:. 5 December 2013
1438:978-90-5617-910-6
1398:. Lonely Planet.
1083:Riyad-us-Saliheen
1001:Picasa Web Albums
883:Los Angeles Times
642:World Record 2008
592:social distancing
584:COVID-19 pandemic
430:In some areas of
423:, the respectful
210:, U.S. President
57:parting tradition
2944:
2871:List of gestures
2713:Talk to the hand
2622:Obscene gestures
2370:Canonical digits
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2102:Kumar, Ashwani.
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1555:. 22 March 2018.
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1431:: Van Halewyck.
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851:Secret handshake
826:Golden handshake
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486:In the sport of
386:handshake events
113:Acropolis Museum
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2785:Distress signal
2780:Crossed fingers
2760:Allergic salute
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2665:Reversed V sign
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2594:Finger-counting
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767:Pergamon Museum
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709:Alastair Galpin
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2748:Other gestures
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2125:External links
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2559:Crossed hands
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2153:at Wiktionary
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2108:Khaleej Times
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2835:Merkel-Raute
2820:Hand rubbing
2790:Duterte fist
2722:Head motions
2503:Roman salute
2390:Genuflection
2360:Añjali Mudrā
2339:Thumb signal
2273:
2254:Finger heart
2165:at Wikiquote
2149:
2111:. Retrieved
2107:
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2085:. Retrieved
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2018:. Retrieved
2013:
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1992:. Retrieved
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1964:
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1942:. Retrieved
1937:
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1317:. Abc-Clio.
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1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1101:
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1080:IslamKotob.
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1038:
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1005:. Retrieved
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912:. Retrieved
887:. Retrieved
882:
821:Dap greeting
806:World War II
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705:Times Square
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694:Aiea, Hawaii
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617:evolutionary
609:
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551:hand hygiene
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46:
44:
2810:Gang signal
2795:Eyelid pull
2729:Head bobble
2660:Nazi salute
2533:Wolf salute
2498:Raised fist
2493:Nazi salute
2445:Prostration
2324:Pinky swear
2249:Eskimo kiss
2087:9 September
2065:4 September
2042:4 September
2020:9 September
1994:9 September
1112:4 September
1007:4 September
955:History.com
679:White House
582:During the
353:Middle East
335:Switzerland
303:Netherlands
286:standing up
2916:Categories
2830:Laban sign
2825:Jazz hands
2805:Finger gun
2755:Air quotes
2734:Head shake
2460:Schwurhand
2269:Hand heart
2244:Elbow bump
2234:Cheek kiss
2113:31 January
1990:. ABC News
1867:25 January
1793:BBC News,
1780:BBC News,
1512:. Tuttle.
910:. ABC News
863:References
788:70–38 BC,
588:elbow bump
532:high fives
528:fist bumps
351:-speaking
267:Anglophone
86:prehistory
2922:Greetings
2775:Che vuoi?
2607:Chisanbop
2569:High five
2564:Fist pump
2395:Hand-kiss
2329:Pound hug
2284:High five
2279:Hand wave
2274:Handshake
2259:Fist bump
2163:Handshake
2150:handshake
2137:Handshake
1766:10 August
1249:The Local
1067:191645710
520:pathogens
517:microbial
483:"cocoon".
477:fist bump
463:Indonesia
359:Moroccans
318:acquiring
296:Austrians
290:etiquette
235:agreement
231:gratitude
144:Concordia
49:handshake
2840:Pointing
2800:Facepalm
2640:Fig sign
2630:Anasyrma
2574:Low five
2554:Applause
2309:Lip kiss
2294:ILY sign
2229:Applause
2224:Air kiss
2205:Gestures
1944:6 August
1920:25732039
1841:16 March
1742:Medscape
1657:ABC News
1600:BBC News
1491:28 March
1462:12 March
1175:19 March
935:Archived
814:See also
790:Arsameia
786:Heracles
628:Mongolia
456:Ethiopia
400:Thailand
227:greeting
196:Scouting
156:Etruscan
125:dexiosis
115:, Athens
53:greeting
2864:Related
2670:Shocker
2655:Mountza
2650:Mooning
2480:Salutes
2470:Zolgokh
2450:Sampeah
2440:Pranāma
2425:Namaste
2410:Kuji-in
2400:Hat tip
2314:Namaste
1911:4345842
1722:29 July
1539:NPR.org
979:18 July
974:HISTORY
744:Hoplite
730:Gallery
655:⁄
600:namaste
569:wai bow
564:Namaste
524:scabies
488:fencing
445:Liberia
425:Namaste
367:Armenia
314:Denmark
307:Belgium
301:In the
272:In the
254:customs
247:respect
146:(AD 97)
64:History
2891:Mudras
2703:Akanbe
2695:Taunts
2685:Wanker
2584:V sign
2455:Sembah
2405:Kowtow
2375:Curtsy
1971:27 May
1918:
1908:
1677:
1516:
1435:
1429:Leuven
1402:
1375:
1348:
1321:
1294:
1255:8 June
1228:21 May
1149:21 May
1065:
1059:504204
1057:
914:7 June
889:7 June
621:Tuvalu
579:sign.
447:, the
432:Africa
349:Arabic
342:Israel
325:Norway
282:Canada
239:sports
214:, and
109:Athena
2850:Shrug
2708:Loser
2435:Orans
2430:Ojigi
2420:Mudra
2385:Gadaw
2334:Shaka
2289:Hongi
2219:Aegyo
1888:eLife
1423:[
1063:S2CID
1055:JSTOR
769:, 738
748:aspis
718:, at
625:rural
577:shaka
536:germs
470:Other
438:Masai
417:India
393:Korea
374:China
362:hand.
280:and
237:. In
129:stele
2415:Mano
2355:Adab
2299:Kiss
2115:2020
2089:2011
2067:2011
2044:2011
2022:2011
1996:2011
1973:2008
1946:2023
1916:PMID
1869:2021
1843:2020
1768:2023
1724:2023
1675:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1493:2020
1464:2022
1433:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1257:2024
1230:2012
1177:2024
1151:2012
1114:2011
1009:2011
981:2020
916:2015
891:2015
555:UCLA
530:and
419:and
305:and
107:and
105:Hera
2739:Nod
2465:Wai
2365:Bow
2239:Dap
1906:PMC
1896:doi
1836:NPR
1813:doi
1760:CNN
1047:doi
692:in
598:or
461:In
454:In
443:In
415:In
410:wai
405:wai
398:In
391:In
381:bow
372:In
365:In
340:In
333:In
323:In
312:In
265:In
55:or
2918::
2319:OK
2106:.
2012:.
1963:.
1936:.
1914:.
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1102:GQ
1100:.
1061:.
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1043:89
1041:.
998:.
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924:^
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870:^
765:,
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648:10
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276:,
154:,
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2197:e
2190:t
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2091:.
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1998:.
1975:.
1948:.
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