692:
294:
205:
1223:. In reaction to this perceived inferiority of the quality of the blue colour produced with haematoxylin, its use to dye fabric was barred in England from 1581 to 1662. After the introduction of synthetic black dyes in the late 19th century, haematoxylin was first replaced as a dye for cotton. A 1902 German treatise on the dyeing textiles notes "...logwood in the black dyeing of cotton has suffered considerably from the competition of aniline black". Haematoxylin remained important as a black dye (using
637:
3559:
58:
49:
40:
791:
655:, although never in commercially viable amounts. Historically the logwood was exported and the haematoxylin extracted in Europe. More recently extraction takes place closer to where the logwood is harvested. Extraction of haematoxylin from logwood on industrial scales has been accomplished in the 'French process' by boiling the wood chips or in the 'American process' with
428:
806:. Commonly only enough oxidizer is added to convert one half of the haematoxylin to haematein, allowing the remainder to naturally oxidize during use, this extends the staining solution's useful life as more haematein is produced, while some haematein is further oxidized to oxyhaematein. Of the metallic salts used as mordants,
1134:
published a formulation using a chemical oxidizer to convert haematoxylin into haematein. The first use of haematoxylin with eosin as a counterstain, which is currently the most used stain combination in histology, was first suggested by A. Wissowzky in 1876. By the early 1900s, haematoxylin had
674:
The commercial product may vary from batch to batch and between manufacturers in both the level of impurities and in the ratio of haematoxylin to haematein. For histologic use, this variability can affect the stain's interaction with biological tissue samples, and is therefore of concern to
628:, which forms strongly coloured complexes with certain metal ions (commonly Fe(III) and Al(III) salts). In its pure form, haematoxylin is a colourless and crystalline solid, although commercial samples are typically light to dark brown based on the level of impurities present.
1151:, the early 1970s (summer 1973) and in 2008, there were shortages of haematoxylin due to interruptions in its extraction from logwood. These shortages prompted a search for alternative nuclear stains. Several synthetic dyes have been recommended as replacements, notably
1129:
used haematoxylin on animal tissue without a mordant (with limited success), and is sometimes credited as being the first to do so, although this is not universally accepted. Franz Böhmer in 1865 published a haematoxylin formula using alum as a mordant, and in 1891,
802:) and by choice of the mordant used. Haematoxylin stain formulations may either be natural oxidized by exposure to air and sunlight, or more commonly, especially in commercially prepared solutions, chemically oxidized using
1211:, and soon after was widely adopted. Haematoxylin was used to produce blacks, blues and purples on various textiles, and remained an important industrial dye until the introduction of suitable replacements in the form of
1227:
or chrome as a mordant) for wool until the 1920s when a black synthetic dye compatible with wool became available. Contemporary usage of haematoxylin includes the dyeing of silk, leather, and
1563:
Neevel, Johan (2003). "24: The
Identification of Van Gogh's Inks for Drawing and Writing". In Vellekoop, Marije; Geldof, Muriel; Hendriks, Ella; Jansen, Leo; de Tagle, Alberto (eds.).
441:
1247:, which take time to fully darken when applied to paper. In this case the Haematoxylin provided some initial colour before the iron gall reached its full depth of colour.
463:
2920:
Centeno, Silvia A.; Ropret, Polonca; Federico, Eleonora Del; et al. (2010). "Characterization of Al(III) complexes with hematein in artistic alum logwood inks".
1328:
Puchtler, H., Meloan, S.N. & Waldrop, F.S. 1986. Application of current chemical concepts to metal-haematein and -brazilein stains. Histochemistry 85: 353â364.
1325:
Meloan, S. M. & Puchtler, H. 1987. "Harris hematoxylin," what Harris really wrote and the mechanism of hemalum stains. Journal of
Histotechnology 10: 257â261.
1179:
must also not disrupt the ability of histologists and pathologists, who have spent years of training with H&E stained slides, to examine the slides and make
4003:
3988:
343:
3852:
3280:
3767:
3998:
3993:
659:
and pressure. Once extracted, the dye can be sold as a liquid concentrate or dried and sold in a crystalline form. Modern production methods use water,
589:
and as a dye in the textile and leather industry. As a dye, haematoxylin has been called palo de
Campeche, logwood extract, bluewood and blackwood. In
1513:
Centeno, Silvia A.; Bronzato, Maddalena; Ropret, Polonca; et al. (2016). "Composition and spectroscopic properties of historic Cr logwood inks".
778:
dark blue to black. The colour and specificity of haematoxylin stains are controlled by the chemical nature, and amount, of the mordant used, and the
4008:
1675:"Hematoxylin: Mesoamerica's Gift to Histopathology. Palo de Campeche (Logwood Tree), Pirates' Most Desired Treasure, and Irreplaceable Tissue Stain"
833:
manner, in which the length of time the tissue remains in contact with the staining solution is used to control the amount of colouration, or in a
1255:
produced a heamatoxylin ink that was non-acidic, using a potassium chromate as the mordant, which had the advantage of not corroding steel pens.
837:
manner, in which the tissue is over-stained, and excess stain is removed in a secondary step of the procedure. Removal of unwanted staining, or
3972:
3967:
691:
3357:
2650:
142:
2314:"Hematoxylin and related compounds--an annotated bibliography concerning their origin, properties, chemistry, and certain applications"
4024:
2727:
2119:"New investigations on hematoxylin, hematein, and hematein-aluminium complexes. II. Hematein-aluminium complexes and hemalum staining"
4034:
2491:"Does progressive nuclear staining with hemalum (alum hematoxylin) involve DNA, and what is the nature of the dye-chromatin complex?"
2185:"Hematoxylin shortages: their causes and duration, and other dyes that can replace hemalum in routine hematoxylin and eosin staining"
1572:
1061:
683:, signifying that a particular batch of stain works in a standardized test, although this does not specify the dye's actual purity.
308:
2895:
The
Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres: Their Origin, Structure, Preparation, Washing, Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Dressing
3428:
2981:
4029:
3845:
3083:
1331:
3175:
448:
317:
InChI=1S/C16H14O6/c17-10-2-1-8-13-9-4-12(19)11(18)3-7(9)5-16(13,21)6-22-15(8)14(10)20/h1-4,13,17-21H,5-6H2/t13?,16-/m0/s1
327:
InChI=1/C16H14O6/c17-10-2-1-8-13-9-4-12(19)11(18)3-7(9)5-16(13,21)6-22-15(8)14(10)20/h1-4,13,17-21H,5-6H2/t13?,16-/m0/s1
251:
3312:
739:
680:
272:
3342:
3216:
4110:
4095:
3838:
1126:
528:
3711:
1309:
1252:
1248:
543:
3362:
3814:
3762:
3225:
1121:
in an 1852 book, suggests using "logwood" (haematoxylin) to dye translucent material for examination under the
212:
3150:
1322:
Jocelyn H. Bruce-Gregorios, M.D.: Histopathologic
Techniques, JMC Press Inc., Quezon City, Philippines, 1974.
1114:
3896:
3905:
2720:
A history of microtechnique : the evolution of the microtome and the development of tissue preparation
200:
4105:
3385:
1736:
1131:
1081:
923:
636:
218:
162:
4085:
3501:
3317:
3192:
1251:
in 1763 is credited with being the first to use haematoxylin as an additive in iron gall inks. In 1848,
829:
Depending on the formulation or staining technique, haematoxylin stains may be used in what is called a
798:
Haematoxylin stain formulations can be broadly classified based on how the haematoxylin is oxidized (or
3254:
3220:
3558:
2614:
Harris, H. F. (1900). "On the rapid conversion of haematoxylin into haematein in staining reactions".
1259:
is known to have used haematoxylin ink with a chrome mordant in a number of his drawings and letters.
1175:, which differs from haematoxylin by only one hydroxyl group. A replacement stain for haematoxylin in
4100:
4090:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3421:
3235:
2974:
2929:
1522:
1438:
1069:
70:
1152:
3962:
3010:
1293:
1118:
1031:
289:
108:
2899:
2824:
4080:
3641:
3620:
3352:
2596:
2518:
2429:
2341:
2291:
2212:
2146:
2072:
2018:
1870:
1804:
1638:
1298:
1268:
1167:
also called chromoxane cyanine R and solochrome cyanine (CI 43820). All four have Fe(III) as the
1058:
960:
716:
652:
610:
3892:
3901:
3691:
3681:
3369:
3204:
3078:
3073:
2945:
2874:
2777:
2723:
2691:
2656:
2646:
2588:
2510:
2468:
2421:
2377:
2333:
2283:
2204:
2138:
2064:
2010:
1958:
1914:
1862:
1796:
1748:
1696:
1630:
1568:
1538:
1492:
1156:
1094:
902:
846:
534:
182:
3935:
3930:
2801:. Library of illustrated standard scientific works. Vol. VI. Paris: Hippolyte Bailliere.
1243:, although the timing of first use as an ink is unclear. Haematoxylin was also added to some
1160:
3862:
3746:
3721:
3332:
3230:
2937:
2864:
2856:
2767:
2759:
2683:
2638:
2580:
2502:
2460:
2413:
2325:
2275:
2239:
2196:
2130:
2099:
2054:
2002:
1948:
1854:
1788:
1686:
1622:
1530:
1482:
1446:
995:
782:
of the staining solution, thus, a variety of haematoxylin formulations have been developed.
472:
366:
703:
Haematoxylin stain is commonly followed (or counterstained) with another histologic stain,
260:
3600:
3414:
3212:
2967:
1228:
1200:
1018:
728:
293:
204:
118:
2933:
2893:
2818:
1526:
1487:
1470:
1442:
96:
Hematoxylin; Natural Black 1; Hematoxyline; Hydroxybrazilin; Hydroxybrasilin; C.I. 75290
3788:
3741:
3518:
3240:
3168:
3159:
3133:
2090:
Kahr, Bart; Lovell, Scott; Subramony, Anand (1998). "The progress of logwood extract".
1212:
1047:
954:
886:
755:
609:. In addition to its use in the H&E stain, haematoxylin is also a component of the
419:
2869:
2844:
2772:
2747:
1777:"The wonderful colors of the hematoxylin-eosin stain in diagnostic surgical pathology"
4074:
3736:
3646:
3506:
3327:
3302:
3270:
3154:
3145:
3129:
3053:
2600:
2243:
1953:
1936:
1874:
1244:
935:
910:
803:
660:
407:
193:
2959:
2522:
2433:
2150:
2076:
2022:
1808:
1642:
1388:
Stevens, Alan (1982). "The
Haematoxylins". In Bancroft, John; Stevens, Alan (eds.).
790:
671:, at which point the extracts may be further refined to the level of purity needed.
57:
3914:
3910:
3819:
3706:
3615:
3590:
3347:
3307:
3065:
2345:
2295:
2216:
1148:
1009:
877:
594:
39:
3285:
2506:
2264:"Application of current chemical concepts to metal-hematein and -brazilein stains"
2043:"Progress in the Development of Microscopical Techniques for Diagnostic Pathology"
1283:
708:
696:
602:
240:
2796:
2642:
2230:
Morsingh, F.; Robinson, R. (1970). "The syntheses of brazilin and haematoxylin".
3957:
3651:
3595:
3580:
3511:
3395:
3337:
3322:
3185:
3028:
3002:
1303:
1144:
775:
735:
695:
Hematoxylin staining shown as "basophilic" at top, seen with dual staining with
620:
Although the stain is commonly called haematoxylin, the active colourant is the
578:
48:
3701:
3605:
3537:
3390:
3245:
3180:
3124:
3106:
2687:
2584:
2464:
2329:
2200:
2006:
1858:
1626:
1220:
1122:
819:
394:
173:
3830:
2949:
2695:
2660:
2068:
1962:
1792:
1752:
1691:
1674:
1542:
1496:
3798:
3661:
3477:
3101:
3048:
3038:
2059:
2042:
1288:
1273:
1216:
1180:
807:
771:
743:
712:
676:
625:
606:
590:
2781:
2592:
2568:
2514:
2490:
2402:"Standardization of biological dyes and stains: pitfalls and possibilities"
2337:
2313:
2208:
2184:
2014:
1990:
1918:
1902:
1866:
1842:
1800:
1776:
1700:
1634:
1239:
Haematoxylin has been used as the primary component of writing and drawing
17:
2878:
2472:
2448:
2425:
2401:
2381:
2365:
2287:
2263:
2142:
2118:
1215:. As a blue dye (with alum as a mordant), the initial results were not as
4054:
3876:
3731:
3676:
3656:
3585:
3546:
3484:
3163:
3138:
3116:
3043:
3033:
2990:
2860:
2763:
1450:
1256:
1224:
1172:
815:
763:
747:
724:
720:
621:
614:
582:
2366:"The hematoxylin shortage and the availability of synthetic substitutes"
3793:
3726:
3686:
3671:
3625:
3610:
3530:
3525:
3496:
3491:
3295:
3275:
3093:
2417:
2279:
2134:
1168:
1164:
842:
767:
668:
664:
227:
679:. Haematoxylin, like other biological stains, may be certified by the
3666:
3468:
3456:
3437:
2941:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1534:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1077:
1051:
1042:
1001:
976:
959:
Nuclear stain in H&E, also used in the classical versions of the
759:
751:
153:
4004:
3-(4'-hydroxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-chroman-4-one
3989:
3-(4'-methoxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-chroman-4-one
2103:
1937:"Dyes and other colorants in microtechnique and biomedical research"
1427:"English inks: their composition and differentiation in handwriting"
1426:
1176:
895:
418:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2449:"A simple assay procedure for mixtures of hematoxylin and hematein"
1203:
where logwood trees grow natively. The dye was first introduced to
3783:
3716:
3696:
3451:
3020:
1278:
1208:
789:
704:
690:
656:
635:
598:
141:
131:
1414:(9th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. pp. 692p.
3461:
2998:
1240:
1183:. None of proposed replacement stains have been widely adopted.
823:
811:
738:
stain (to stain the cell nucleus), haematoxylin will also stain
538:
3834:
3410:
2963:
2637:. Essentials in Cytopathology. Vol. 12. pp. 143â189.
3999:
3-(4'-hydroxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one
3994:
3-(4'-methoxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-chroman-4-one
3575:
1117:
used haemotoxylin, without a mordant, to stain plant tissues.
586:
481:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
3557:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
277:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
779:
487:
27:
Natural stain derived from hearthwood and used in histology
4009:
3-(4'-hydroxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-chroman-4-one
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
1903:"Our debt to the logwood tree: the history of hematoxylin"
496:
3973:
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one
3406:
2674:
Cole, Elbert C. (1943). "Studies on
Hematoxylin Stains".
762:. Haematoxylin alone is not an effective stain, but when
511:
505:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2722:(2nd ed.). Lincolnwood, IL: Science Heritage Ltd.
1613:
Titford, M. (2005). "The long history of hematoxylin".
711:, and is one of the most commonly used combinations in
436:
3544:
3535:
3516:
3482:
3466:
2553:(11th ed.). Philadelphia: The Blackstone Company.
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
1171:. An alternative is the aluminium complex of oxidized
3968:
3-(4'-Methoxybenzyl)-7,8-methylenedioxy-chroman-4-one
605:
and is one of the most commonly used combinations in
514:
502:
499:
475:
810:
is the most common, other mordants include salts of
794:
Hematoxylin solution for staining microscopy slides.
719:(or PAP stain) which is widely used in the study of
613:(or Pap stain) which is widely used in the study of
508:
493:
4047:
4017:
3981:
3923:
3885:
3869:
3807:
3776:
3755:
3634:
3568:
3444:
3378:
3263:
3203:
3115:
3092:
3064:
3019:
2997:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
1392:(2nd ed.). Longman Group Limited. p. 109.
707:. When paired, this staining procedure is known as
601:. When paired, this staining procedure is known as
490:
484:
478:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1390:The Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques
2798:A Practical treatise on the use of the microscope
2616:Journal of Applied Microscopic Laboratory Methods
4025:(-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
2845:"Origins of ... tinctorial methods in histology"
2741:
2739:
2484:
2482:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2307:
2305:
2036:
2034:
2032:
1930:
1928:
1730:
1608:
1606:
1604:
593:, haematoxylin staining is commonly followed by
239:
4035:(-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-neohesperidoside
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2359:
2357:
2355:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
117:
1991:"Dyes from a twenty-first century perspective"
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1508:
1506:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1135:become widely accepted as a histologic stain.
83:)-7,11b-Dihydroindolo benzopyran-3,4,6a,9,10(6
3846:
3422:
2975:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2562:
2560:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1026:Nuclear stain in H&E, resistant to acids
8:
2633:Gill, Gary W. (2013). "Papanicolaou Stain".
1191:Haematoxylin was first used as a dye by the
2820:Physiological Histology, Methods and Theory
841:, typically involves a solution of diluted
3978:
3853:
3839:
3831:
3768:Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands
3429:
3415:
3407:
2982:
2968:
2960:
2262:Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Waldrop FS (1986).
1471:"Black Writing Ink of the Colonial Period"
856:
715:. Haematoxylin is also a component of the
292:
203:
181:
31:
4030:(-)-7-O-methyleucomol 5-O-beta-rutinoside
2868:
2771:
2569:"Gill hematoxylins: first person account"
2058:
1952:
1690:
1486:
259:
2183:Dapson R, Horobin RW, Kiernan J (2010).
1843:"Nuclear staining with alum hematoxylin"
1673:Ortiz-Hidalgo C, Pina-Oviedo S (2019).
1343:
348:
313:
288:
217:
3281:Jaswant SinghâBhattacharji (JSB) stain
194:
2898:. Scott, Greenwood & Co. p.
2549:Gatenby, J. B.; Beams, H. W. (1950).
320:Key: WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-VYIIXAMBSA-N
161:
7:
1741:Journal of European Economic History
1088:Gill's Haematoxylin (I, II, and III)
2117:Bettinger C, Zimmermann HW (1991).
1567:. Mercatorfonds. pp. 420â435.
1488:10.17723/aarc.11.4.903256p5lp2g3354
1139:Shortages and possible alternatives
351:Oc2cc3C4(O)COc1c(O)c(O)ccc1C4c3cc2O
330:Key: WZUVPPKBWHMQCE-VYIIXAMBBJ
230:
3358:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
25:
2991:Microbial and histological stains
1062:phosphotungstic acid Haematoxylin
1000:Nuclear stain in H&E, urgent
853:Table of significant formulations
766:to hematein, and combined with a
2447:Marshall PN, Horobin RW (1974).
1954:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00009.x
1235:Use as a writing and drawing ink
471:
426:
378:
56:
47:
38:
1615:Biotechnic & Histochemistry
1109:Early use as a histologic stain
697:hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)
422:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3982:C-Methylated homoisoflavanones
2892:Georg von Georgievics (1902).
1989:Dapson RW, Horobin RW (2009).
1412:H. J. Conn's Biological stains
1410:Lillie, Ralph Dougall (1977).
384:
372:
1:
2922:Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
2795:Quekett, John Thomas (1848).
2748:"Haematoxylin--from the wood"
2507:10.1080/10520295.2017.1399466
1737:"Logwood: an interesting Dye"
1515:Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
547:) with a chemical formula of
2643:10.1007/978-1-4614-4933-1_10
2551:The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum
2244:10.1016/0040-4020(70)85029-3
4018:Homoisoflavanone glycosides
3870:3,4-Dihydroxyhomoisoflavans
3545:
3536:
3517:
3483:
3467:
2823:. Clarendon Press. p.
2718:Bracegirdle, Brian (1986).
740:rough endoplasmic reticulum
681:Biological Stain Commission
632:Extraction and purification
4127:
3084:Periodic acidâSchiff stain
2047:Journal of Histotechnology
1565:Van Gogh's studio practice
1127:Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz
932:Potassium or Ammonium alum
723:specimens, notably in the
3555:
2688:10.3109/10520294309105804
2585:10.3109/10520290903048376
2465:10.3109/10520297409116964
2330:10.3109/10520290903048418
2201:10.3109/10520290903048400
2041:Titford, Michael (2009).
2007:10.1080/10520290902908802
1859:10.1080/10520290903052899
1627:10.1080/10520290500138372
1310:Haematoxylum campechianum
1253:Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge
1102:Nuclear stain in H&E
981:Nuclear stain in H&E
940:Nuclear stain in H&E
918:Nuclear stain in H&E
687:Use as a histologic stain
645:Haematoxylum campechianum
544:Haematoxylum campechianum
416:
359:
339:
304:
101:
93:
69:
64:
55:
46:
37:
3815:Glossary of dyeing terms
3635:Traditional textile dyes
3226:Light Green SF yellowish
3217:Masson's trichrome stain
3176:Auramineârhodamine stain
1793:10.1177/1066896913517939
1692:10.1177/1066896918787652
1469:Barrow, William (1948).
1219:as those produced using
903:Delafield's Haematoxylin
2060:10.1179/his.2009.32.1.9
1735:Ponting, K. G. (1973).
1115:Georg Christian Reichel
1032:Verhoeff's Haematoxylin
3897:3,9-dihydro-autumnalin
3562:
3343:SchaefferâFulton stain
3313:Gömöri trichrome stain
1475:The American Archivist
986:Carazzi's Haematoxylin
795:
734:Principally used as a
700:
651:Haematoxylin has been
648:
3906:4âČ-o-Methyl-punctatin
3561:
3502:Reactive dye printing
3318:Luxol fast blue stain
3193:Auramine phenol stain
2817:Mann, Gustav (1902).
1941:Coloration Technology
1935:Kiernan, J A (2006).
1841:Llewellyn BD (2009).
1425:Mitchell, A. (1908).
945:Harris's Haematoxylin
793:
694:
639:
579:naturally derived dye
541:of the logwood tree (
3363:WarthinâStarry stain
3236:Phosphomolybdic acid
2861:10.1136/jcp.50.9.716
2764:10.1136/jcp.52.7.527
1451:10.1039/AN9083300080
1187:Use as a textile dye
1165:eriochrome cyanine R
1091:Culling et al. 1985
1070:Phosphotungstic acid
71:Preferred IUPAC name
3379:Tissue stainability
3151:ZiehlâNeelsen stain
3011:Perls Prussian blue
2934:2010JRSp...41..445C
2746:Allison RT (1999).
2489:Kiernan JA (2018).
2400:Schulte EK (1991).
1527:2016JRSp...47.1422C
1443:1908Ana....33...80M
1119:John Thomas Quekett
1074:Natural or chemical
967:Cole's Haematoxylin
581:has been used as a
402: g·mol
34:
3642:Armenian cochineal
3563:
3353:Bielschowsky stain
3255:Van Gieson's stain
3221:Lillie's trichrome
2418:10.1007/BF00266958
2364:Lillie RD (1974).
2312:Cooksey C (2010).
2280:10.1007/BF00982665
2135:10.1007/BF00271540
1299:Papanicolaou stain
1269:Staining (biology)
1147:, the late 1920s,
961:Papanicolaou stain
796:
786:Stain formulations
717:Papanicolaou stain
701:
649:
611:Papanicolaou stain
449:Infobox references
32:
4111:Tertiary alcohols
4096:Homoisoflavonoids
4068:
4067:
4043:
4042:
3924:Homoisoflavanones
3863:homoisoflavonoids
3828:
3827:
3404:
3403:
3205:Connective tissue
2652:978-1-4614-4932-4
2573:Biotech Histochem
2495:Biotech Histochem
2318:Biotech Histochem
2189:Biotech Histochem
1995:Biotech Histochem
1847:Biotech Histochem
1781:Int J Surg Pathol
1679:Int J Surg Pathol
1521:(12): 1422â1428.
1181:medical diagnoses
1106:
1105:
1095:Aluminium sulfate
1082:muscle striations
894:Nuclear stain in
847:hydrochloric acid
675:histologists and
457:Chemical compound
455:
454:
273:CompTox Dashboard
143:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
4118:
3979:
3941:Portulacanones A
3855:
3848:
3841:
3832:
3722:Polish cochineal
3550:
3541:
3522:
3488:
3472:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3231:Biebrich scarlet
2984:
2977:
2970:
2961:
2954:
2953:
2942:10.1002/jrs.2455
2917:
2904:
2903:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2843:Cook HC (1997).
2840:
2829:
2828:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2700:
2699:
2676:Stain Technology
2671:
2665:
2664:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2567:Gill GW (2010).
2564:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2527:
2526:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2397:
2386:
2385:
2370:Am J Med Technol
2361:
2350:
2349:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2259:
2248:
2247:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2180:
2155:
2154:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2038:
2027:
2026:
1986:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1901:Smith C (2006).
1898:
1879:
1878:
1838:
1813:
1812:
1775:Chan JK (2014).
1772:
1757:
1756:
1732:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1670:
1647:
1646:
1610:
1579:
1578:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1535:10.1002/jrs.4938
1510:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1294:Verhoeff's stain
1177:H&E staining
996:Potassium iodate
869:Oxidation method
857:
709:H&E staining
603:H&E staining
583:histologic stain
576:
575:
574:
566:
565:
557:
556:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
439:
433:
430:
429:
401:
386:
380:
374:
367:Chemical formula
297:
296:
281:
279:
263:
243:
232:
221:
207:
196:
185:
165:
145:
121:
60:
51:
42:
35:
21:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4039:
4013:
3977:
3919:
3886:Homoisoflavones
3881:
3865:
3859:
3829:
3824:
3803:
3772:
3751:
3630:
3564:
3553:
3440:
3435:
3405:
3400:
3374:
3259:
3213:trichrome stain
3199:
3111:
3088:
3060:
3015:
2993:
2988:
2958:
2957:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2703:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2653:
2635:Cytopreparation
2632:
2631:
2627:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2530:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2399:
2398:
2389:
2363:
2362:
2353:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2182:
2181:
2158:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2104:10.1002/chir.12
2089:
2088:
2084:
2040:
2039:
2030:
1988:
1987:
1970:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1913:(5): 18, 20â2.
1907:MLO Med Lab Obs
1900:
1899:
1882:
1840:
1839:
1816:
1774:
1773:
1760:
1734:
1733:
1708:
1672:
1671:
1650:
1612:
1611:
1582:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1345:
1340:
1319:
1317:Further reading
1265:
1237:
1201:Central America
1189:
1163:(CI 45445) and
1141:
1111:
1039:Ferric chloride
1019:Ferric chloride
855:
839:differentiation
788:
729:cervical cancer
727:used to detect
689:
634:
595:counterstaining
573:
570:
569:
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
555:
552:
551:
550:
548:
537:extracted from
524:natural black 1
522:), also called
474:
470:
458:
451:
446:
445:
444: ?)
435:
431:
427:
423:
399:
389:
383:
377:
369:
355:
352:
347:
346:
335:
332:
331:
328:
322:
321:
318:
312:
311:
300:
282:
275:
266:
246:
233:
188:
168:
148:
135:
124:
111:
97:
89:
88:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:Use of saffron
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3370:Wright's stain
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:Fast Green FCF
3238:
3233:
3228:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3169:Methylene blue
3166:
3160:Carbol fuchsin
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3134:Gentian violet
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3025:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2928:(4): 445â451.
2905:
2884:
2830:
2804:
2787:
2735:
2729:978-0940095007
2728:
2701:
2682:(3): 125â142.
2666:
2651:
2625:
2606:
2556:
2528:
2501:(2): 133â148.
2478:
2439:
2406:Histochemistry
2387:
2376:(11): 455â61.
2351:
2301:
2268:Histochemistry
2249:
2238:(1): 281â289.
2222:
2156:
2123:Histochemistry
2109:
2098:(1â2): 66â77.
2082:
2028:
1968:
1924:
1880:
1814:
1758:
1747:(1): 109â119.
1706:
1648:
1580:
1573:
1548:
1502:
1481:(4): 291â307.
1456:
1437:(384): 80â85.
1417:
1395:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1245:iron gall inks
1236:
1233:
1213:synthetic dyes
1188:
1185:
1153:celestine blue
1140:
1137:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1048:elastic fibers
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:Verhoeff, 1908
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1005:
998:
993:
992:Potassium alum
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
974:
973:Potassium alum
971:
968:
964:
963:
957:
955:Mercuric oxide
952:
951:Potassium alum
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
933:
930:
927:
920:
919:
916:
913:
908:
905:
899:
898:
892:
889:
887:Potassium alum
884:
881:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
854:
851:
787:
784:
756:elastic fibers
688:
685:
633:
630:
571:
562:
553:
456:
453:
452:
447:
425:
424:
420:standard state
417:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
397:
391:
390:
387:
381:
375:
370:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
354:
353:
350:
342:
341:
340:
337:
336:
334:
333:
329:
326:
325:
323:
319:
316:
315:
307:
306:
305:
302:
301:
299:
298:
285:
283:
271:
268:
267:
265:
264:
256:
254:
248:
247:
245:
244:
236:
234:
226:
223:
222:
215:
209:
208:
198:
190:
189:
187:
186:
178:
176:
170:
169:
167:
166:
158:
156:
150:
149:
147:
146:
138:
136:
129:
126:
125:
123:
122:
114:
112:
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
74:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4123:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Staining dyes
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:Brazilin-type
4046:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Scillascillin
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3912:
3911:Scillavones A
3909:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Tyrian purple
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:Types of dyes
3567:
3560:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Movat's stain
3331:
3329:
3328:Moeller stain
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Janus Green B
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:H&E stain
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Cresyl violet
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:Kinyoun stain
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:Methyl violet
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3066:Carbohydrates
3063:
3055:
3054:Sudan Black B
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2855:(9): 716â20.
2854:
2850:
2849:J Clin Pathol
2846:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:J Clin Pathol
2749:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:(3): 137â42.
2458:
2454:
2453:Stain Technol
2450:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:(4): 319â28.
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2274:(5): 353â64.
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:(3): 215â28.
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:(4): 159â77.
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:9780300191875
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:H&E stain
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:William Lewis
1246:
1242:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1101:
1099:Sodium iodate
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:Mallory, 1897
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:Weigert, 1904
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
991:
989:Carazzi, 1911
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:
962:
958:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
937:
936:Sodium iodate
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
912:
911:Ammonium alum
909:
907:Prudden, 1855
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:Ehrlich, 1886
882:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:sodium iodate
801:
792:
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
698:
693:
686:
684:
682:
678:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
642:
638:
631:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
530:
525:
519:
468:
465:
462:
450:
443:
438:
421:
415:
411:
409:
408:Melting point
406:
405:
398:
396:
393:
392:
371:
368:
364:
363:
358:
349:
345:
338:
324:
314:
310:
303:
295:
291:
290:DTXSID8020678
287:
286:
284:
274:
270:
269:
262:
258:
257:
255:
253:
250:
249:
242:
238:
237:
235:
229:
225:
224:
220:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
202:
199:
197:
195:ECHA InfoCard
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
177:
175:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
157:
155:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
137:
133:
128:
127:
120:
116:
115:
113:
110:
106:
105:
100:
92:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:Haematoxylin
30:
19:
4086:Natural dyes
4060:Haematoxylin
4059:
3820:List of dyes
3692:Dyer's broom
3647:Black walnut
3396:Chromophobic
3348:Silver stain
3308:Giemsa stain
3291:Haematoxylin
3290:
2925:
2921:
2894:
2887:
2852:
2848:
2819:
2797:
2790:
2758:(7): 527â8.
2755:
2751:
2719:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2634:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2576:
2572:
2550:
2498:
2494:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2409:
2405:
2373:
2369:
2324:(1): 65â82.
2321:
2317:
2271:
2267:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2195:(1): 55â63.
2192:
2188:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2050:
2046:
2001:(4): 135â7.
1998:
1994:
1944:
1940:
1910:
1906:
1850:
1846:
1787:(1): 12â32.
1784:
1780:
1744:
1740:
1682:
1678:
1621:(2): 73â80.
1618:
1614:
1564:
1518:
1514:
1478:
1474:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1411:
1389:
1308:
1238:
1190:
1159:(CI 51030),
1157:gallocyanine
1155:(CI 51050),
1149:World War II
1142:
1112:
1012:Haematoxylin
948:Harris, 1900
926:Haematoxylin
880:Haematoxylin
872:Typical use
860:Formula name
838:
834:
830:
828:
799:
797:
733:
702:
677:pathologists
673:
650:
644:
640:
619:
542:
527:
523:
466:
461:Haematoxylin
460:
459:
163:ChEMBL477197
102:Identifiers
94:Other names
84:
80:
76:
29:
4101:Polyphenols
4091:Phenol dyes
3958:Sappanone A
3601:Substantive
3519:RĆketsuzome
3512:Ring dyeing
3386:Acidophilic
3338:Neutral red
3323:Methyl blue
3186:Rhodamine B
3079:Mucicarmine
3074:Alcian blue
3029:Sudan stain
3003:hemosiderin
2579:(1): 7â18.
2232:Tetrahedron
2053:(1): 9â19.
1947:(1): 1â21.
1685:(1): 4â14.
1304:Natural dye
1145:World War I
1125:. In 1863,
929:Mayer, 1903
831:progressive
776:cell nuclei
758:, and acid
653:synthesized
617:specimens.
467:hematoxylin
412:100-120 °C
360:Properties
219:Hematoxylin
201:100.007.490
18:Hematoxylin
4075:Categories
3893:Autumnalin
3777:Craft dyes
3538:Tsutsugaki
3445:Techniques
3391:Basophilic
3246:Sirius Red
3181:Auramine O
3125:Gram stain
3107:Thioflavin
1338:References
1332:Stainsfile
1132:Paul Mayer
1123:microscope
970:Cole, 1943
835:regressive
820:molybdenum
395:Molar mass
261:YKM8PY2Z55
174:ChemSpider
130:3D model (
109:CAS Number
4081:Catechols
3902:Punctatin
3861:Types of
3808:Reference
3662:Cochineal
3652:Bloodroot
3621:Discharge
3478:Kalamkari
3146:Acid-fast
3102:Congo red
3049:Oil Red O
3039:Sudan III
2950:0377-0486
2696:0038-9153
2661:1574-9053
2622:(3): 777.
2601:207513639
2092:Chirality
2069:0147-8885
1963:1472-3581
1875:205713596
1753:2499-8281
1543:0377-0486
1497:0360-9081
1289:Haematein
1274:Histology
1217:lightfast
1113:In 1758,
1059:Mallory's
1010:Weigert's
1004:sections
878:Ehrlich's
863:Reference
808:aluminium
772:chromatin
770:, stains
744:ribosomes
713:histology
626:haematein
607:histology
591:histology
539:heartwood
4055:Brazilin
3877:Sappanol
3732:Turmeric
3677:Dyewoods
3657:Brazilin
3616:Disperse
3591:Reactive
3485:Katazome
3164:Fuchsine
3139:Safranin
3117:Bacteria
3044:Sudan IV
3034:Sudan II
2782:10605407
2593:19657780
2523:13481905
2515:29320873
2434:29628388
2338:19568968
2209:19562570
2151:23504301
2077:26801839
2023:28563610
2015:19384743
1919:16761865
1867:19579146
1809:26847314
1801:24406626
1701:30001639
1643:20338201
1635:16195172
1263:See also
1257:Van Gogh
1225:copperas
1173:brazilin
816:tungsten
764:oxidized
748:collagen
725:PAP test
721:cytology
622:oxidized
615:cytology
585:, as an
535:compound
183:21106443
119:517-28-2
87:)-pentol
3936:Eucomol
3931:Eucomin
3794:Procion
3789:Inkodye
3756:History
3727:Saffron
3712:Logwood
3687:Gamboge
3667:Cudbear
3626:Pigment
3596:Solvent
3581:Natural
3531:Tie-dye
3526:Shibori
3497:Mordant
3492:Leheria
3296:Eosin Y
3276:Cyanine
3094:Amyloid
2930:Bibcode
2879:9389971
2473:4135791
2426:1708749
2382:4139897
2346:5297820
2296:7384777
2288:2430916
2217:7698557
2143:1717413
1523:Bibcode
1439:Bibcode
1431:Analyst
1229:sutures
1209:Spanish
1207:by the
1169:mordant
1161:gallein
1143:During
1023:Natural
924:Mayer's
915:Natural
896:H&E
891:Natural
866:Mordant
843:ethanol
800:ripened
768:mordant
736:nuclear
669:solvent
665:alcohol
647:) chips
641:Logwood
577:. This
533:, is a
442:what is
440: (
400:302.282
228:PubChem
3717:Madder
3707:Kermes
3702:Indigo
3682:Fustic
3606:Sulfur
3507:Resist
3469:Kasuri
3457:Dyeing
3438:Dyeing
3021:Lipids
2948:
2877:
2870:500167
2867:
2780:
2773:501496
2770:
2726:
2694:
2659:
2649:
2599:
2591:
2521:
2513:
2471:
2432:
2424:
2380:
2344:
2336:
2294:
2286:
2215:
2207:
2149:
2141:
2075:
2067:
2021:
2013:
1961:
1917:
1873:
1865:
1807:
1799:
1751:
1699:
1641:
1633:
1571:
1541:
1495:
1221:indigo
1205:Europe
1197:Aztecs
1193:Mayans
1078:Fibrin
1052:myelin
1043:Iodine
1002:biopsy
977:Iodine
760:mucins
752:myelin
437:verify
434:
344:SMILES
154:ChEMBL
65:Names
3784:Dylon
3697:Henna
3672:Cutch
3547:YĆ«zen
3452:Batik
3264:Other
2597:S2CID
2519:S2CID
2430:S2CID
2342:S2CID
2292:S2CID
2213:S2CID
2147:S2CID
2073:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1871:S2CID
1805:S2CID
1639:S2CID
1279:Eosin
705:eosin
667:as a
661:ether
657:steam
624:form
599:eosin
597:with
531:75290
309:InChI
241:10603
132:JSmol
3951:and
3913:and
3904:and
3895:and
3747:Woad
3742:Weld
3586:Acid
3576:Dyes
3462:Ikat
2999:Iron
2946:ISSN
2875:PMID
2778:PMID
2724:ISBN
2692:ISSN
2657:ISSN
2647:ISBN
2589:PMID
2511:PMID
2469:PMID
2422:PMID
2378:PMID
2334:PMID
2284:PMID
2205:PMID
2139:PMID
2065:ISSN
2011:PMID
1959:ISSN
1915:PMID
1863:PMID
1797:PMID
1749:ISSN
1697:PMID
1631:PMID
1569:ISBN
1539:ISSN
1493:ISSN
1241:inks
1195:and
845:and
824:lead
822:and
812:iron
529:C.I.
252:UNII
213:MeSH
79:,11b
3799:Rit
3611:Vat
2938:doi
2900:180
2865:PMC
2857:doi
2825:488
2768:PMC
2760:doi
2684:doi
2639:doi
2581:doi
2503:doi
2461:doi
2414:doi
2326:doi
2276:doi
2240:doi
2197:doi
2131:doi
2100:doi
2055:doi
2003:doi
1949:doi
1945:122
1855:doi
1789:doi
1687:doi
1623:doi
1531:doi
1483:doi
1447:doi
1199:in
774:in
663:or
587:ink
526:or
278:EPA
231:CID
75:(6a
4077::
3947:,
3943:,
3215::
2944:.
2936:.
2926:41
2924:.
2908:^
2873:.
2863:.
2853:50
2851:.
2847:.
2833:^
2807:^
2776:.
2766:.
2756:52
2754:.
2750:.
2738:^
2704:^
2690:.
2680:18
2678:.
2655:.
2645:.
2618:.
2595:.
2587:.
2577:85
2575:.
2571:.
2559:^
2531:^
2517:.
2509:.
2499:93
2497:.
2493:.
2481:^
2467:.
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