788:. To identify the aspects of humour which might contribute to an increase in pain tolerance the study separated its fifty-six female participants into three groups, cheerfulness, exhilaration and humour production. The subjects were further separated into two groups, high Trait-Cheerfulness and high Trait-Seriousness according to the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory. The instructions for the three groups were as follows: the cheerfulness group were told to get excited about the movie without laughing or smiling, the exhilaration group was told to laugh and smile excessively, exaggerating their natural reactions, the humour production group was told to make humorous comments about the video clip as they watched. To ensure that the participants actually found the movie humorous and that it produced the desired effects the participants took a survey on the topic which resulted in a mean score of 3.64 out of 5. The results of the Cold Press Test showed that the participants in all three groups experienced a higher pain threshold and a higher pain tolerance than previous to the film. The results did not show a significant difference between the three groups.
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655:; humour) caught on as a new term for humour, sparking a fad for humour literature, as well as impassioned debate about what type of humorous sensibility best suited China, a poor, weak country under partial foreign occupation. While some types of comedy were officially sanctioned during the rule of Mao Zedong, the Party-state's approach towards humour was generally repressive. Social liberalisation in the 1980s, commercialisation of the cultural market in the 1990s, and the advent of the internet have eachâdespite an invasive state-sponsored censorship apparatusâenabled new forms of humour to flourish in China in recent decades.
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872:, so in the interest of encouraging employee consent to the rigours of the labour process, management often ignore, tolerate and even actively encourage playful practices, with the purpose of furthering organisational goals. Essentially, fun in the workplace is no longer being seen as frivolous. The most current approach of managed fun and laughter in the workplace originated in North America, where it has taken off to such a degree, that it has humour consultants flourishing, as some states have introduced an official "fun at work" day. The results have carried claims of
848:. In fact, one of the most agreed upon key impacts that workplace humour has on people's well-being, is the use of humour as a coping strategy to aid in dealing with daily stresses, adversity or other difficult situations. Sharing a laugh with a few colleagues may improve moods, which is pleasurable, and people perceive this as positively affecting their ability to cope. Fun and enjoyment are critical in people's lives and the ability for colleagues to be able to laugh during work, through banter or other, promotes harmony and a sense of cohesiveness.
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Conflict is inherent in these interactions. The use of humour plays an important role in conflict resolution and ultimately in school success and psychological adjustment. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being a victim of bullying, whereas the use of self-disparaging humour leads to a higher likelihood of being bullied. When students are bullied, the use of self-disparaging humour can lead to an exacerbation of the negative effects on the student's psychological adjustment to school.
667:, an audience, and the subject matter of the humour. The two transformations associated with this particular model involves the subject matter of the humour, and the change in the audience's perception of the humorous person, therefore establishing a relationship between the humorous speaker and the audience. The social transformation model views humour as adaptive because it communicates the present desire to be humorous as well as future intentions of being humorous. This model is used with deliberate
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certain period of time. One group was exposed to humorous content, while the other was not. The anxiety levels were measured through self-report measures as well as the heart rate. Subjects which rated high on sense of humour reported less anxiety in both groups, while subjects which rated lower on sense of humour reported less anxiety in the group which was exposed to the humorous material. However, there was not a significant difference in the heart rate between the subjects.
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constituents of psychological wellbeing. Additionally, adaptive humour styles may enable people to preserve their sense of wellbeing despite psychological problems. In contrast, maladaptive humour types (aggressive and self-defeating) are associated with poorer overall psychological wellbeing, emphasis on higher levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, humour may have detrimental effects on psychological wellbeing, only if that humour is of negative characteristics.
731:. For example, self-defeating or aggressive humour. Research has proposed 2 types of humour that each consist of 2 styles, making 4 styles in total. The two types are adaptive versus maladaptive humour. Adaptive humour consist of facilitative and self-enhancing humour, and maladaptive is self-defeating and aggressive humour. Each of these styles can have a different impact on psychological and individuals' overall subjective wellbeing.
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satisfaction by allowing the humour to release stress and anxiety caused by changes in the individuals life. Laughing and humour can be a substitute for the decrease in satisfaction by allowing individuals to feel better about their situations by alleviating the stress. This, in turn, can help them to maintain a sense of satisfaction towards their new and changing life style.
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and serves as a social bonding function. Humour may also help the transition in helping the individual to maintain positive feelings towards those who are enforcing the changes in their lives. These new social interactions can be critical for these transitions in their lives and humour will help these new social interactions to take place making these transitions easier.
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243:, attempts to explain humour's existence. The theory says "humour only occurs when something seems wrong, unsettling, or threatening, but simultaneously seems okay, acceptable or safe." Humour can be used as a method to easily engage in social interaction by taking away that awkward, uncomfortable, or uneasy feeling of social interactions.
1038:, and a more positive self-concept as well as other health benefits which have been recorded and acknowledged through various studies. Even patients with specific diseases have shown improvement with ageing using humour. Overall there is a strong correlation through constant humour in ageing and better health in the individuals.
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by longer periods of muscle relaxation. The cardiovascular benefits of laughter also seem to be just a figment of imagination as a study that was designed to test oxygen saturation levels produced by laughter, showed that even though laughter creates sporadic episodes of deep breathing, oxygen saturation levels are not affected.
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women with a sense of humour as potential partners. When women were given the forced-choice design in the study, they chose funny men as potential relationship partners even though they rated them as being less honest and intelligent. Post-Hoc analysis showed no relationship between humour quality and favourable judgments.
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and humour do not always have a one-to-one association. While most previous theories assumed the connection between the two almost to the point of them being synonymous, psychology has been able to scientifically and empirically investigate the supposed connection, its implications, and significance.
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The use of humour plays an important role in youth development. Studies have shown that humour is especially important in social interactions with peers. School entry is the time when the importance of parents fades into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important.
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Humour may also be used to offset negative feelings about a workplace task or to mitigate the use of profanity, or other coping strategies, that may not be otherwise tolerated. Not only can humour in the workplace assist with defusing negative emotions, but it may also be used as an outlet to discuss
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where one is communicating with desires to be accepted into someone else's specific social group. Although self-deprecating humour communicates weakness and fallibility in the bid to gain another's affection, it can be concluded from the model that this type of humour can increase romantic attraction
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Madelijn Strick, Rob
Holland, Rick van Baaren, and Ad van Knippenberg (2009) of Radboud University conducted a study that showed the distracting nature of a joke on bereaved individuals. Subjects were presented with a wide range of negative pictures and sentences. Their findings showed that humorous
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Self-defeating humour. People with this style of humour tend to amuse others by using self-disparaging jokes, and also tend to laugh along with others when being taunted. It is hypothesised that people attempt to use this style of humour as a means of social acceptance â which is often unsuccessful.
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are two major factors in the desire for future interaction. Women regard physical attractiveness less highly compared to men when it came to dating, a serious relationship, and sexual intercourse. However, women rate humorous men more desirable than nonhumorous individuals for a serious relationship
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90% of men and 81% of women, all college students, report having a sense of humour is a crucial characteristic looked for in a romantic partner. Humour and honesty were ranked as the two most important attributes in a significant other. It has since been recorded that humour becomes more evident and
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or other facilities of care. With this transition certain social interactions with friend and family may be limited forcing the individual to look elsewhere for these social interactions. Humour has been shown to make transitions easier, as humour is shown reduce stress and facilitate socialisation
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This brings into question the definition of humour, then. If it is to be defined by the cognitive processes which display laughter, then humour itself can encompass a variety of negative as well as positive emotions. However, if humour is limited to positive emotions and things which cause positive
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In 2009, Diana
Szameitat conducted a study to examine the differentiation of emotions in laughter. They hired actors and told them to laugh with one of four different emotional associations by using auto-induction, where they would focus exclusively on the internal emotion and not on the expression
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There have been claims that laughter can be a supplement for cardiovascular exercise and might increase muscle tone. However an early study by
Paskind J. showed that laughter can lead to a decrease in skeletal muscle tone because the short intense muscle contractions caused by laughter are followed
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In the study on humour and psychological well-being, research has concluded that high levels of adaptive type humour (affiliative and self-enhancing) is associated with better self-esteem, positive affect, greater self-competency, as well as anxiety control and social interactions. All of which are
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show that humour is in fact a major factor in achieving, and sustaining, higher psychological wellbeing. This hypothesis is known as general facilitative hypothesis for humour. That is, positive humour leads to positive health. Not all contemporary research, however, supports the previous assertion
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Humour can also help ageing individuals maintain a sense of satisfaction in their lives. Through the ageing process many changes will occur, such as losing the right to drive a car. This can cause a decrease in satisfaction in the lives of the individual. Humour helps to alleviate this decrease of
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elicited after negative pictures and sentences were presented. In addition, the humour therapy was more effective in reducing negative affect as the degree of affect increased in intensity. Humour was immediately effective in helping to deal with distress. The escapist nature of humour as a coping
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A study designed to test the positive physiological effects of humour, the relationship between being exposed to humour and pain tolerance in particular, was conducted in 1994 by Karen Zwyer, Barbara Velker, and
Willibald Ruch. To test the effects of humour on pain tolerance the test subjects were
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suggest humour can positively affect one's desirability for a specific relationship partner, but this effect is only most likely to occur when men use humour and are evaluated by women. No evidence was found to suggest men prefer women with a sense of humour as partners, nor women preferring other
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There are also potential relationships between humour and having a healthy immune system. SIgA is a type of antibody that protects the body from infections. In a method similar to the previous experiment, the participants were shown a short humorous video clip and then tested for the effects. The
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37%, and taunt 50%. Their second experiment tested the behavioural recognition of laughter during an induced emotional state and they found that different laughter types did differ with respect to emotional dimensions. In addition, the four emotional states displayed a full range of high and low
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As humour is often used to ease tension, it might make sense that the same would be true for anxiety. A study by
Yovetich N, Dale A, Hudak M. was designed to test the effects humour might have on relieving anxiety. The study subject were told that they would be given to an electric shock after a
991:, have shown several positive outcomes of humour as an underlying positive trait in amusement and playfulness. Several studies have shown that positive emotions can restore autonomic quiescence after negative affect. For example, Frederickson and Levinson showed that individuals who expressed
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pointedly make fun of
Confucian seriousness and make Confucius himself a slow-witted figure of fun. Joke books containing a mix of wordplay, puns, situational humour, and play with taboo subjects like sex and scatology, remained popular over the centuries. Local performing arts, storytelling,
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to surface. Additionally, humour may be used as a tool to mitigate the authoritative tone by managers when giving directives to subordinates. Managers may use self-deprecating humour as a way to be perceived as more human and "real" by their employees. The attachment to the notion of fun by
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once said, "Humor can be dissected as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind." Counter to this argument, protests against "offensive" cartoons invite the dissection of humour or its lack by aggrieved individuals and
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Humour is often used to make light of difficult or stressful situations and to brighten up a social atmosphere in general. It is regarded by many as an enjoyable and positive experience, so it would be reasonable to assume that it might have some positive physiological effects on the body.
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factors and varies from person to person. Throughout history, comedy has been used as a form of entertainment all over the world, whether in the courts of the
Western kings or the villages of the Far East. Both a social etiquette and a certain intelligence can be displayed through forms of
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that humour is in fact a cause for healthier psychological wellbeing. Some of the previous researches' limitations is that they tend to use a unidimensional approach to humour because it was always inferred that humour was deemed positive. They did not consider other types of humour, or
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phenomenon and has increasingly been recognised as also creating a sense of involvement and possible comradery among workers. Sharing humour at work not only offers a relief from boredom, but can also build relationships, improve camaraderie between colleagues and create positive
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Some theoreticians of the comic consider exaggeration to be a universal comic device. It may take different forms in different genres, but all rely on the fact that the easiest way to make things laughable is to exaggerate to the point of absurdity their salient traits,
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theories, the vast majority of which consider humour-induced behaviour to be very healthy; spiritual theories, which may, for instance, consider humour to be a "gift from God"; and theories which consider humour to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a
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Another way that research indicates that humour helps with the ageing process, is through helping the individual to create and maintain strong social relationship during transitory periods in their lives. One such example is when people are moved into
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Adaptive Humour use has shown to be effective for increasing resilience in dealing with distress and also effective in buffering against or undoing negative affects. In contrast, maladaptive humour use can magnify potential negative effects.
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Aggressive humour. Racist jokes, sarcasm and disparagement of individuals for the purpose of amusement. This type of humour is used by people who do not consider the consequences of their jokes, and mainly focus on the entertainment of the
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benefits to workers, improved customer experiences and an increase in productivity that organisations can enjoy, as a result. Others examined results of this movement while focusing around the science of happinessâconcerned with
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Humour can serve as a strong distancing mechanism in coping with adversity. In 1997, Kelter and
Bonanno found that Duchenne laughter correlated with reduced awareness of distress. Positive emotion is able to loosen the grip of
213:, whose physical nature makes it accessible to them. By contrast, more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context, and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience.
503:(satirical poetry). They viewed comedy as simply the "art of reprehension" and made no reference to light and cheerful events or troublesome beginnings and happy endings associated with classical Greek comedy. After the
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on people's thinking. A distancing of thought leads to a distancing of the unilateral responses people often have to negative arousal. In parallel with the distancing role plays in coping with distress, it supports the
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Shelley A. Crawford & Nerina J. Caltabiano (2011): Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour, The
Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 6: 3,
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sender arousal and valence. This study showed that laughter can be correlated with both positive (joy and tickle) and negative (schadenfreude and taunt) emotions with varying degrees of arousal in the subject.
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Self-enhancing style humour. People that fall under this dimension of humour tend to take a humorous perspective of life. Individuals with self-enhancing humour tend to use it as a mechanism to cope with
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contemporary companies has resulted in workplace management coming to recognise the potentially positive effects of "workplay" and realise that it does not necessarily undermine workers' performance.
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People of all ages and cultures respond to humour. Most people are able to experience humourâbe amused, smile or laugh at something funny (such as a pun or joke)âand thus are considered to have a
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Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray., & Weir (2003). "Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire".
885:, community building and national well-beingâand drew attention to the ability to achieve "flow" through playfulness and stimulate "outside the box" thinking. Parallel to this movement is the "
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Using humour judiciously can have a positive influence on cancer treatment. The effectiveness for humourâbased interventions in patients with schizophrenia is uncertain in a
Cochrane review.
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One of the main focuses of modern psychological humour theory and research is to establish and clarify the correlation between humour and laughter. The major empirical findings here are that
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McGraw, A. Peter; Warren, Caleb; Williams, Lawrence E.; Leonard, Bridget (October 2012). "Too Close for Comfort, or Too Far to Care? Finding Humor in Distant Tragedies and Close Mishaps".
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173:. The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour to be inexplicable, strange, or even irrational. Though ultimately decided by subjective personal
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was thought to include a combination of ridiculousness and wit in an individual; the paradigmatic case being Shakespeare's Sir John Falstaff. The French were slow to adopt the term
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The social transformation model of humour predicts that specific characteristics, such as physical attractiveness, interact with humour. This model involves linkages between the
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Many theories exist about what humour is and what social function it serves. The prevailing types of theories attempting to account for the existence of humour include
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Different cultures have different typical expectations of humour so comedy shows are not always successful when transplanted into another culture. For example, a 2004
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Affiliative style humour. Individuals with this dimension of humour tend to use jokes as a means of affiliating relationships, amusing others, and reducing tensions.
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communities. This process of dissecting humour does not necessarily banish a sense of humour but directs attention towards its politics and assumed universality.
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Lundy, Tan, Cunningham (1998). "Heterosexual romantic preferences: The importance of humor and physical attractiveness for different types of relationships".
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1077:"Humour seems to engage a core network of cortical and subcortical structures, including temporo-occipito-parietal areas involved in detecting and resolving
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It is also mentioned that these people may have an implicit feeling of negativity. So they use this humour as a means of hiding that inner negative feeling.
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significantly more important as the level of commitment in a romantic relationship increases. Recent research suggests expressions of humour in relation to
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Kuiper, Grimshaw, Leite., & Kirsh (2004). "Humor is not always the best medicine: Specific components of sense of humor and psychological well-being".
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process in three areas. The areas are improving physical health, improving social communications, and helping to achieve a sense of satisfaction in life.
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during the negative arousal of a sad and troubling event recovered from the negative affect approximately 20% faster than individuals who did not smile.
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has been found to increase one's desirability and physical attractiveness to others for committed relationships. The results of a study conducted by
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Goldstein, Jeffrey H., et al. (1976) "Humour, Laughter, and Comedy: A Bibliography of Empirical and Nonempirical Analyses in the English Language."
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mechanism suggests that it is most useful in dealing with momentary stresses. Stronger negative stimuli requires a different therapeutic approach.
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itself, however, depicts the Master as fond of humorous self-deprecation, once comparing his wanderings to the existence of a homeless dog. Early
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It is generally known that humour contributes to higher subjective wellbeing (both physical and psychological). Previous research on humour and
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Keltner, D.; Bonanno, G. A. (1997). "A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement".
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2882:"Associations between adolescents' interpersonal relationships, school well-being, and academic achievement during educational transitions"
538:, which tells of a boiler explosion on a sugar plantation that killed several of the workers, their natural wit and humour shine though."
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Humour can be verbal, visual, or physical. Non-verbal forms of communicationâfor example, music or visual artâcan also be humorous.
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Jocelyn Chey and Jessica Milner Davis, eds. "Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches" (HKUP, 2011)
897:. This happiness movement suggests that investing in fun at the workplace, by allowing for laughter and play, will not only create
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McGhee, Paul E. (1984) "Current American Psychological Research on Humor." Jahrbuche fur Internationale Germanistik 16.2: 37â57.
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Strick, Madelijn; et al. (2009). "Finding Comfort in a Joke: Consolatory Effects of Humor Through Cognitive Distraction".
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Bolton, Sharon C.; Houlihan, Maeve (2 October 2009). "Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement".
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Modern Chinese humour has been heavily influenced not only by indigenous traditions, but also by foreign humor, circulated via
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2439:"Humor styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment: Mediation, moderation and person-oriented analyses"
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Mobbs, D.; Greicius, M. D.; Abdel-Azim, E.; Menon, V.; Reiss, A. L. (2003), "Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centres",
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Kuiper, Nicholas A.; Aiken, Audrey; Pound, Maria Sol (2014). "Humor use, reactions to social comments, and social anxiety".
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Studies have shown that constant humour in the ageing process gives health benefits to individuals. Such benefits as higher
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Xiao, Dong Yue (2010). "Exploration of Chinese humor: Historical review, empirical findings, and critical reflections".
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Furthermore, humorous people are perceived by others to be more cheerful but less intellectual than nonhumorous people.
549:& Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, with its emphasis on ritual and propriety, have traditionally looked down upon humour as
2274:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources"
1909:"Discovering Humour in Modern China: The Launching of the Analects Fortnightly Journal and the 'Year of Humour' (1933)"
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aspect of human experience and is therefore decidedly relevant in organisational contexts, such as the workplace.
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Szameitat, Diana P., et al. Differentiation of Emotions in Laughter at the Behavioural Level. 2009 Emotion 9 (3).
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Vrticka, Pascal; Black, Jessica M.; Reiss, Allan L. (30 October 2013). "The neural basis of humour processing".
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Yovetich, N. A.; Dale, J. A.; Hudak, M. A. (1990). "Benefits of humor in reduction of threat-induced anxiety".
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Kenrick, Sadalla, Groth, Trost (1990). "Evolution, traits, and the stages of the parental investment model".
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theory that positive emotions lead to increased multilateral cognitive pathway and social resource building.
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Roth, G.; Yap, R.; Short, D. (2006). "Examining humour in HRD from theoretical and practical perspectives".
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Humour can be a way of dealing with the menacing or unpleasant: Sprayed comment below a memorial plaque for
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Kuiper & Martin (1998). "Laughter and stress in daily life: Relation to positive and negative affect".
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C. Harbsmeier, "Confucius-Ridens, Humor in the Analects." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 50. 1: 131â61.
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and a greater sense of well-being, but it will also enhance energy, performance and commitment in workers.
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Hewitt, L. (1958). "Student perceptions of traits desired in themselves as dating and marriage partners".
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is an ignorance in the weak, who are thus unable to retaliate when ridiculed. Later, in Greek philosophy,
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of laughter itself. They found an overall recognition rate of 44%, with joy correctly classified at 44%,
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There are many taxonomies of humour; the following is used to classify humorous tweets in (Rayz 2012).
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Buijzen, Moniek; Valkenburg, Patti M. (2004), "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media",
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Goodwin, R. (1990). "Sex differences among partner preferences: Are the sexes really very similar?".
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385:(1449a, pp. 34â35), suggested that an ugliness that does not disgust is fundamental to humour.
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3609:. Ed. Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1976. 469â504.
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affect, it must be delimited from laughter and their relationship should be further defined.
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As with any art form, the acceptance of a particular style or incidence of humour depends on
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Fry, W. F.; Stoft, P. E. (1971). "Mirth and oxygen saturation levels of peripheral blood".
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4307:
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Humour is an underlying character trait associated with the positive emotions used in the
865:
711:
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vernacular fiction, and poetry offer a wide variety of humorous styles and sensibilities.
569:
4446:
2289:
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about humour: "Indeed Allah loves those who are playful among people without obscenity."
246:
Others believe that "the appropriate use of humour can facilitate social interactions".
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representation, and instead identified it with Arabic poetic themes and forms, such as
394:
198:
151:
3788:
3688:
2880:
Kiuru, N., Wang, M.-T., Salmela-Aro, K., Kannas, L., Ahonen, T., Hirvonen, R. (2020).
2392:
1661:
1586:
Samson, Andrea C.; Lackner, Helmut Karl; Weiss, Elisabeth M.; Papousek, Ilona (2012).
5721:
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546:
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240:
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186:
3472:
Verbal humor and variation in English: Sociolinguistic notes on a variety of jokes
3439:
2850:
2766:
2749:
5502:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
3478:
3379:(TV series), Episode 1 â aired 22 November 1992, UK, Tiger Television Productions
2298:
349:
said that "the more you know humour, the more you become demanding in fineness."
5444:
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5205:
5165:
5115:
4907:
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633:
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255:
3553:
3186:
2897:
2835:"Social competence in the 1st grade predicts school adjustment two years later"
1640:
1587:
534:
have the best sense of humour in the world. Even in the most solemn song, like
154:, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humours (
69:
5414:
5392:
5285:
5070:
5030:
4990:
4857:
4772:
4635:
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4381:
4302:
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4195:
4185:
4076:
3965:
3955:
3950:
3732:
3259:
3066:
2811:
2344:
2247:
1373:
1106:
1065:, it is reported that a study's results indicate that humour is rooted in the
929:
890:
882:
873:
821:
637:
622:
598:
578:
550:
415:
372:
228:
3773:
2962:
2905:
2858:
2819:
2701:
2464:
1732:
Webber, Edwin J. (January 1958), "Comedy as Satire in Hispano-Arabic Spain",
1473:
1465:
98:
From top-left to bottom-right or from top to bottom (mobile): various people
5325:
5295:
5090:
5035:
4955:
4887:
4680:
4312:
3975:
3502:
2606:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health: III. Laughter and Health Outcomes"
2455:
1983:"Humour in Chinese Life and Culture: Resistance and Control in Modern Times"
1897:: A New History of Laughter in China" (University of California Press, 2015)
1588:"Perception of other people's mental states affects humor in social anxiety"
1541:
1307:
1226:
1166:
1148:
898:
614:
590:
527:
482:
376:
333:
233:
194:
143:
89:
4220:
3697:
3612:
Hurley, Matthew M., Dennett, Daniel C., and Adams, Reginald B. Jr. (2011),
3354:
3159:
3084:
3024:
2923:
2639:
2590:
2482:
2317:
2151:
1611:
1481:
3802:
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2709:
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2621:
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2514:
1801:
1577:
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190:
5626:
5360:
5310:
5290:
5155:
4595:
4466:
4240:
3920:
3890:
3667:
3578:
GarcĂa-Barriocanal, Elena; Sicilia, Miguel-Angel; Palomar, David (2005),
3444:
1322:
1171:
1086:
947:
938:
857:
828:
664:
559:
490:
486:
409:
367:
362:
270:
147:
139:
115:
39:
17:
3286:
Crew Solomon, Jennifer (January 1996). "American Behavioral Scientist".
2938:
1913:
Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches
852:
personal painful events, in a lighter context, thus ultimately reducing
844:. Humour in the workplace may also relieve tension and can be used as a
5439:
5387:
5345:
5330:
5300:
4862:
4620:
4404:
3830:
3532:
2954:
2557:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health IV. Humor and Immune Function"
2108:
1662:
Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History of the Modern World
1363:
1144:
1031:
602:
342:
3015:
2939:"The thrill of bullying. Bullying, humour and the making of community"
2666:
2186:
Bressler, Balshine (2006). "The influence of humour on desirability".
2081:
1753:
816:
wearing a large pair of pants in an attempt to amuse those around them
281:
are often used when theorising about the subject. The connotations of
30:"Hilarity", "Hilarious", and "Funny" redirect here. For the ship, see
5372:
5280:
5258:
4548:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4210:
4205:
3960:
3876:
3834:
3749:
3536:
Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 411â418
3006:
1767:
1696:. Trans. HĂ©lĂšne Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press p. 12
1020:
869:
784:
first exposed to a short humorous video clip and then exposed to the
618:
594:
564:
454:
111:
3581:
A Graphical Humor Ontology for Contemporary Cultural Heritage Access
3346:
1561:"Humor and Resiliency: Towards a Process Model of Coping and Growth"
2073:
1842:"The Invention of Li Yu â Patrick Hanan â Harvard University Press"
1745:
5145:
4610:
4471:
3940:
3915:
1908:
1330:
1280:
1242:
1161:
1105:
992:
928:
807:
763:
705:
554:
523:
448:
437:
427:
358:
305:
are still two different words, the former referring to a person's
155:
107:
99:
2443:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
686:
or marriage, but only when these men were physically attractive.
636:
culture, cinema, television, and the internet. During the 1930s,
27:
Tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement
5366:
5340:
3945:
3706:
Humor in American Literature: A Selected Annotated Bibliography.
3288:
Humor and Aging Well: A Laughing Matter or a Matter of Laughing?
1285:
499:
461:
The terms comedy and satire became synonymous after Aristotle's
425:(emotional responses), which can be inspired in the audience by
4745:
3849:
3246:
Kupier, N. A.; Martin, R. A. (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
2272:
Bos, E. H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B. F. (2016).
672:
towards the humorist when other variables are also favourable.
289:
are said to be that of response versus stimulus. Additionally,
5335:
3970:
3711:
Pogel, Nancy; and Paul P. Somers Jr. (1988) "Literary Humor."
1937:"Research - School of Modern Languages â Newcastle University"
1176:
832:
493:. Due to cultural differences, they disassociated comedy from
338:
4741:
3626:
Holland, Norman. (1982) "Bibliography of Theories of Humor."
3281:
3279:
3277:
650:
1211:
that an object or a person can become funny in three ways:
1081:(mismatch between expected and presented stimuli); and the
792:
participants showed a significant increase in SIgA levels.
431:, the imitations of emotions that the actors perform. Each
3704:
Nilsen, Don L. F. (1992) "Satire in American Literature."
3574:, University of Central Oklahoma. Retrieved on 2007-07-06.
3518:
Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour
3126:"Humour-based interventions for people with schizophrenia"
1505:
The Humor Code: A Global Search for What Makes Things Funn
718:â the German text means "Alois, we will never forget you!"
3845:
1915:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 191â218, 251â254.
3211:
Abel, M (2002). "Humor, stress, and coping strategies".
1333:, and therefore UK sitcoms are not appreciated by them.
893:
which seeks to empirically theorise the optimisation of
273:
from English) to mean any type of comedy. However, both
3715:. Ed. Lawrence E. Mintz. London: Greenwood, 1988. 1â34.
3713:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
3652:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
2833:
Legkauskas, V., MagelinskaitÄ-LegkauskienÄ, Ć . (2021).
2754:
KĆtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online
1592:
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
775:
enjoying a joke, in spite of their language differences
254:
Some claim that humour should not be explained. Author
3614:
Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind
2234:
Kuiper & Martin (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
820:
Humour is a ubiquitous, highly ingrained, and largely
577:
Famous Chinese humourists include the ancient jesters
166:, "body fluid"), controlled human health and emotion.
5552:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
2610:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2561:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1503:
McGraw, Peter; Warner, Joel (2014). "Introduction".
530:, stated in a 1957 interview that he thought that: "
5604:
5453:
5226:
4933:
4845:
4779:
4576:
4484:
4390:
4255:
4173:
4137:
4130:
4121:
4024:
3993:
3984:
3883:
3635:The Psychology Of Humour: An Integrative Approach.
1630:, "Prudence and Racial Humor: Troubling Epithets"
3124:Tsujimoto, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; et al. (2021).
585:; writers of the Ming and Qing dynasties such as
365:(as a semi-historical dialogue character) in the
3206:
3204:
2976:
2974:
2972:
316:Non-satirical humour can be specifically termed
2604:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2008).
2555:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2009).
1680:A cultural analysis of the Russo-Soviet Anekdot
835:play in organisational life has been seen as a
371:(p. 49b) the view that the essence of the
3587:, Madrid: University of AlcalĂĄ, archived from
3044:
3042:
2750:"Healthy humour: Using humour to cope at work"
2503:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
2236:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1507:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 10.
1019:Humour has been shown to improve and help the
4757:
3861:
1329:that Americans and Germans do not understand
648:
8:
5482:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
3175:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2527:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2413:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2164:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2045:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1641:"The Quotations Page: Quote from E.B. White"
138:) is the tendency of experiences to provoke
3616:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
3416:"Automatic Humor Classification on Twitter"
1981:Jessica Milner Davis; Jocelyn Chey (2013).
1706:Force, Nichole; Read, M. A. (17 May 2016).
1205:explains in his lecture in the documentary
160:
4764:
4750:
4742:
4134:
4127:
3990:
3868:
3854:
3846:
2943:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
1229:fit into one or more of these categories.
3768:(1) (published 12 December 2006): 14â34,
3756:Wogan, Peter (Spring 2006), "Laughing At
3687:
3530:Bricker, Victoria Reifler (Winter, 1980)
3487:"Dialogic ethics and the virtue of humor"
3149:
3074:
3014:
2988:
2986:
2913:
2765:
2629:
2580:
2472:
2454:
2307:
2297:
1576:
239:The benign-violation theory, endorsed by
193:. For example, young children may favour
3824:) is being considered for deletion. See
3721:Human Resource Development International
1911:. In Chey, J.; Milner Davis, J. (eds.).
714:who first described the memory-damaging
3840:International Society for Humor Studies
3248:International Journal of Humor Research
3213:International Journal of Humor Research
3130:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1427:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2520:
2406:
2267:
2265:
2157:
2038:
505:Latin translations of the 12th century
309:or to the archaic concept of the four
3637:London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press.
2496:
2494:
2492:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1883:from the original on 26 October 2015.
1325:article discusses a stereotype among
1083:mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system
868:can unleash creativity, thus raising
553:or unseemly. Humour was perceived as
7:
3428:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1376:, the study of laughing and laughter
3750:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3533:The Function of Humor in Zinacantan
3479:Aspects of verbal humour in English
2748:Plester, Barbara (1 January 2009).
987:Studies, such as those testing the
593:; and modern comic writers such as
345:. Eighteenth-century German author
3051:"What Good Are Positive Emotions?"
2381:Journal of Research in Personality
2208:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.002
2144:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00909.x
2033:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00174.x
889:" scholarship that has emerged in
856:and allowing more happy, positive
469:, where it was elaborated upon by
465:was translated into Arabic in the
357:Western humour theory begins with
25:
3828:to help reach a consensus. âș
3654:. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988.
1766:Michael Garnice (11 March 2012).
1437:, "The Planet Without Laughter",
984:theory of cognitive development.
201:puppet shows or cartoons such as
5700:
4725:
4716:
4715:
3801:
3787:
3708:New York: Garland, 1992. 543â48.
3049:Fredrickson, Barbara L. (1998).
2886:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
2839:Early Child Development and Care
2655:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
88:
79:
68:
59:
3650:Mintz, Lawrence E., ed. (1988)
3628:Laughing; A Psychology of Humor
3491:Journal of Political Philosophy
1867:"Comic Visions of Modern China"
435:was associated with a specific
3630:. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 209â223.
3142:10.1002/14651858.CD013367.pub2
1565:Europe's Journal of Psychology
1247:An exaggerating caricature of
1215:by behaving in an unusual way,
1030:, lower levels of depression,
642:phono-semantic transliteration
1:
3792:The dictionary definition of
3689:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00751-7
3440:"Do the Americans get irony?"
3375:Rowan Atkinson/David Hinton,
2851:10.1080/03004430.2019.1603149
2767:10.1080/1177083X.2009.9522446
2393:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00534-2
1660:Ritu Gairola Khanduri. 2014.
1218:by being in an unusual place,
511:thus gained a new meaning in
445:In Arabic and Persian culture
5612:Aestheticization of politics
3055:Review of General Psychology
2299:10.1371/journal.pone.0150867
2188:Evolution and Human Behavior
1559:Kuiper, Nicholas A. (2012).
1073:. The study states, in part:
567:philosophical texts such as
146:. The term derives from the
3476:Alexander, Richard (1997),
3470:Alexander, Richard (1984),
3334:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
3300:10.1177/0002764296039003004
3099:"Humor in Cancer Treatment"
2937:SĂžndergaard, D. M. (2018).
2545:. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
1604:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.08.007
1062:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1059:In an article published in
659:Social transformation model
557:and sarcasm. The Confucian
5754:
3842:(archived 11 January 2010)
3762:Visual Anthropology Review
3607:It's a Funny Thing, Humour
3571:Historical views of humour
3554:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_2
3187:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.687
2898:10.1007/s10964-019-01184-y
2062:Marriage and Family Living
1666:Cambridge University Press
1369:Form-versus-content humour
1236:
1129:of or imitative of reality
917:
827:The significant role that
220:
29:
5680:
4711:
3733:10.1080/13678860600563424
3485:Basu, S (December 1999),
3260:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
3067:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
2812:10.1108/01425450910991721
2248:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
1708:"The Way of the Comedian"
1198:Behaviour, place and size
1113:is a component of humour.
649:
617:, and performers such as
3826:templates for discussion
3774:10.1525/var.2006.22.1.14
2702:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.51
1466:10.1177/0956797612443831
1440:This Book Needs No Title
1221:by being the wrong size.
724:psychological well-being
702:Psychological well-being
5632:Evolutionary aesthetics
5582:The Aesthetic Dimension
4165:Theatre of ancient Rome
3747:Smuts, Aaron. "Humor".
3633:Martin, Rod A. (2007).
3503:10.1111/1467-9760.00082
2456:10.3390/ijerph191811415
2345:10.1023/A:1021392305352
1768:"Mento Music Lord Flea"
1542:10.1515/humor-2014-0072
972:therapy attenuated the
691:Self-deprecating humour
683:physical attractiveness
676:Physical attractiveness
669:self-deprecating humour
265:lamented the misuse of
44:Humour (disambiguation)
5562:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
5512:Lectures on Aesthetics
2333:Motivation and Emotion
2132:Journal of Personality
2021:Personal Relationships
1907:Suoqiao, Qian (2011).
1895:The Age of Irreverence
1694:Rabelais and His World
1255:
1253:James McNeill Whistler
1114:
1099:
934:
817:
812:A person working in a
776:
719:
467:medieval Islamic world
458:
185:, level of education,
161:
48:Funny (disambiguation)
42:. For other uses, see
5707:Philosophy portal
4372:Theatre of the Absurd
3568:Carrell, Amy (2000),
3403:Enjoyment of Laughter
3225:10.1515/humr.15.4.365
2690:Psychological Reports
2515:10.1515/humr.2004.002
1802:10.1515/HUMR.2010.018
1677:Seth Benedict Graham
1578:10.5964/ejop.v8i3.464
1454:Psychological Science
1385:Humour in translation
1246:
1109:
1089:, key structures for
1075:
932:
811:
767:
760:Physiological effects
709:
452:
413:) as one of the nine
322:recreational drollery
179:geographical location
32:USS Hilarity (AM-241)
5652:Philosophy of design
5532:In Praise of Shadows
5522:The Critic as Artist
4347:Shakespearean comedy
4145:Ancient Greek comedy
3810:at Wikimedia Commons
3390:Techniques of Satire
475:Islamic philosophers
453:Muhammad al-Baqir's
441:portrayed on stage.
361:, who attributed to
328:Sociological factors
128:Commonwealth English
38:. For the name, see
34:. For the film, see
5662:Philosophy of music
5637:Mathematical beauty
3516:Billig, M. (2005).
3401:M. Eastman/W. Fry,
2622:10.1093/ecam/nem041
2573:10.1093/ecam/nem149
2437:Burger, C. (2022).
2290:2016PLoSO..1150867B
2200:2006EHumB..27...29B
1846:www.hup.harvard.edu
716:Alzheimer's disease
695:McMaster University
513:Medieval literature
263:Arthur Schopenhauer
234:mystical experience
5733:Defence mechanisms
5657:Philosophy of film
5647:Patterns in nature
5617:Applied aesthetics
5592:Why Beauty Matters
5378:Life imitating art
5239:Art for art's sake
4335:Comédie larmoyante
4330:Sentimental comedy
4325:Restoration comedy
4288:Commedia dell'arte
4160:Corral de comedias
3105:on 19 October 2018
2955:10.1111/jtsb.12153
2800:Employee Relations
2109:10.1007/bf00289765
1964:"Stifled Laughter"
1893:Christopher Rea, "
1692:Bakhtin, Mikhail.
1410:Theories of humour
1256:
1115:
989:undoing hypothesis
935:
818:
777:
720:
459:
223:Theories of humour
5715:
5714:
5667:Psychology of art
5542:Art as Experience
4739:
4738:
4517:Musical comedians
4480:
4479:
4278:Comedy of manners
4273:Comedy of humours
4263:Boulevard theatre
4251:
4250:
4155:Comédie-Italienne
4150:Comédie-Française
4117:
4116:
3806:Media related to
3643:978-0-12-372564-6
3622:978-0-262-01582-0
3448:. 27 January 2004
2667:10.1159/000286308
2103:(9â10): 501â513.
1943:on 2 October 2016
1514:978-1-4516-6541-3
1460:(10): 1215â1223.
1400:List of humorists
1349:Australian humour
1327:British comedians
1009:broaden and build
1004:negative emotions
982:broaden-and-build
974:negative emotions
786:cold pressor test
347:Georg Lichtenberg
16:(Redirected from
5745:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5567:
5557:
5547:
5537:
5527:
5517:
5507:
5497:
5487:
5477:
5467:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4743:
4729:
4719:
4718:
4666:Self-referential
4283:Comedy of menace
4135:
4128:
3991:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3847:
3805:
3791:
3776:
3744:
3701:
3691:
3682:(5): 1041â1048,
3602:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3564:
3542:Media Psychology
3520:. London: Sage.
3512:
3511:
3509:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3136:(10): CD013367.
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3101:. Archived from
3095:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3018:
3007:10.1037/a0015951
2990:
2981:
2978:
2967:
2966:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2917:
2892:(5): 1057â1072.
2877:
2871:
2870:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2795:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2745:
2722:
2721:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2518:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2458:
2434:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2404:
2376:
2357:
2356:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2036:
2016:
1991:
1990:
1987:www.hkupress.org
1978:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1939:. Archived from
1933:
1927:
1926:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1712:psychcentral.com
1703:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1582:
1580:
1553:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1449:
1443:
1435:Raymond Smullyan
1432:
1301:Self-deprecation
1187:Self-deprecation
1127:Being reflective
1034:, and perceived
804:In the workplace
654:
653:
407:defined humour (
164:
148:humoral medicine
136:American English
92:
83:
72:
63:
36:Hilarious (film)
21:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5701:
5699:
5676:
5600:
5595:
5585:
5575:
5572:Critical Essays
5565:
5555:
5545:
5535:
5525:
5515:
5505:
5495:
5485:
5475:
5465:
5449:
5222:
5136:Ortega y Gasset
4929:
4841:
4775:
4770:
4740:
4735:
4707:
4572:
4554:Animated sitcom
4476:
4442:Musical theatre
4392:
4386:
4362:Stand-up comedy
4308:One-person show
4298:Improvisational
4247:
4169:
4113:
4067:Science fiction
4020:
3980:
3901:Comedy festival
3879:
3874:
3829:
3784:
3755:
3718:
3673:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3539:
3507:
3505:
3484:
3467:
3465:Further reading
3462:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3400:
3396:
3388:Emil Draitser,
3387:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3347:10.1038/nrn3566
3341:(12): 860â868.
3330:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3048:
3047:
3040:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2797:
2796:
2775:
2747:
2746:
2725:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2536:
2519:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2436:
2435:
2422:
2405:
2378:
2377:
2360:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2284:(3): e0150867.
2271:
2270:
2263:
2233:
2232:
2223:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2156:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2037:
2018:
2017:
1994:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1734:Hispanic Review
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1672:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1628:Nicholas Kuiper
1626:
1622:
1618:
1585:
1558:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1359:Canadian humour
1339:
1319:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1200:
1158:
1123:
1121:Root components
1104:
1071:cerebral cortex
1057:
1017:
993:Duchenne smiles
965:
927:
922:
916:
907:
895:human potential
846:coping strategy
806:
762:
712:Alois Alzheimer
704:
678:
661:
544:
521:
447:
419:, or principle
391:
355:
330:
252:
225:
219:
171:sense of humour
121:
120:
119:
118:
95:
94:
93:
85:
84:
75:
74:
73:
65:
64:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5751:
5749:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5642:Neuroesthetics
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5622:Arts criticism
5619:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5588:
5578:
5568:
5558:
5548:
5538:
5528:
5518:
5508:
5498:
5492:On the Sublime
5488:
5478:
5468:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5363:
5358:
5356:Interpretation
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5256:
5251:
5249:Artistic merit
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4898:Psychoanalysis
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4723:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Comédie-ballet
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4367:Street theatre
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3896:Comedic device
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3813:
3811:
3799:
3783:
3782:External links
3780:
3779:
3778:
3753:
3745:
3727:(1): 121â127.
3716:
3709:
3702:
3671:
3648:
3645:
3631:
3624:
3610:
3603:
3594:on 23 May 2006
3575:
3566:
3548:(2): 147â167,
3537:
3528:
3514:
3497:(4): 378â403,
3482:
3474:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3431:
3407:
3394:
3381:
3377:Funny Business
3368:
3323:
3313:
3294:(3): 249â271.
3273:
3254:(3): 251â270.
3238:
3219:(4): 365â381.
3200:
3181:(4): 687â702.
3165:
3116:
3090:
3061:(3): 300â319.
3038:
3001:(4): 574â578.
2982:
2968:
2929:
2872:
2825:
2806:(6): 556â568.
2773:
2723:
2680:
2645:
2596:
2567:(2): 159â164.
2547:
2534:
2488:
2420:
2358:
2339:(2): 133â153.
2323:
2261:
2242:(3): 251â270.
2221:
2171:
2122:
2087:
2074:10.2307/348256
2068:(4): 344â349.
2052:
2027:(3): 311â325.
1992:
1973:
1968:www.danwei.org
1954:
1928:
1922:978-9888083527
1921:
1899:
1886:
1858:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1780:
1758:
1746:10.2307/470561
1724:
1698:
1685:
1670:
1653:
1632:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1598:(1): 625â631.
1583:
1571:(3): 475â491.
1555:
1520:
1513:
1495:
1444:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Surreal humour
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:British humour
1351:
1346:
1344:American humor
1340:
1338:
1335:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1208:Funny Business
1203:Rowan Atkinson
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:
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1119:
1103:
1100:
1056:
1053:
1016:
1013:
964:
961:
933:A man laughing
926:
923:
920:Humor research
918:Main article:
915:
912:
906:
903:
805:
802:
761:
758:
753:
752:
748:
744:
736:
703:
700:
677:
674:
660:
657:
543:
540:
520:
517:
495:Greek dramatic
471:Arabic writers
446:
443:
395:Sanskrit drama
390:
387:
354:
353:Ancient Greece
351:
329:
326:
285:as opposed to
251:
248:
221:Main article:
218:
215:
199:Punch and Judy
152:ancient Greeks
97:
96:
87:
86:
78:
77:
76:
67:
66:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5750:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5708:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5673:
5672:Theory of art
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:Hippias Major
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5321:Entertainment
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5244:Art manifesto
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Appropriation
5232:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
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5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
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5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Merleau-Ponty
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Abhinavagupta
4939:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4893:Postmodernism
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:Ventriloquism
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Observational
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Opéra comique
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Opéra bouffon
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Café-chantant
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Sketch comedy
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Impressionist
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Comedy troupe
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3798:at Wiktionary
3797:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3758:First Contact
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:0-313-24551-7
3657:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3526:1-4129-1143-5
3523:
3519:
3515:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3405:(2008) p. 156
3404:
3398:
3395:
3392:(1994) p. 135
3391:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2763:
2760:(1): 89â102.
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
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2558:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2449:(18): 11415.
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:(1): 97â116.
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1962:David Moser.
1958:
1955:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:. Cambridge:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Jewish humour
1393:
1391:
1390:Humour styles
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:German humour
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Observational
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:contradiction
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:nursing homes
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
978:
975:
969:
962:
960:
956:
953:
952:schadenfreude
949:
943:
940:
931:
924:
921:
913:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:mental health
875:
871:
867:
864:Laughter and
862:
859:
855:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
815:
810:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
787:
781:
774:
770:
769:Boris Yeltsin
766:
759:
757:
749:
745:
742:
737:
734:
733:
732:
730:
729:humour styles
725:
717:
713:
708:
701:
699:
696:
692:
687:
684:
675:
673:
670:
666:
658:
656:
652:
646:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:Qian Zhongshu
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:, Li Yu, and
588:
587:Feng Menglong
584:
583:Dongfang Shuo
580:
575:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
541:
539:
537:
536:Las Kean Fine
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
451:
444:
442:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:
404:Natya Shastra
400:
396:
388:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:; in French,
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
249:
247:
244:
242:
237:
235:
230:
229:psychological
224:
216:
214:
212:
211:
206:
205:
204:Tom and Jerry
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
163:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
82:
71:
62:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5590:
5580:
5570:
5540:
5530:
5510:
5500:
5490:
5480:
5470:
5460:
5407:
5383:Magnificence
5365:
5350:
5215:
5181:Schopenhauer
5016:Coomaraswamy
4934:Philosophers
4922:
4853:Aestheticism
4559:Black sitcom
4539:Mockumentary
4447:Opéra bouffe
4415:Café-théùtre
4400:Ballad opera
4318:Harlequinade
4268:Comedy-drama
4047:Mockumentary
3931:Impersonator
3925:
3911:Comic timing
3819:
3794:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3748:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3679:
3675:
3651:
3634:
3627:
3613:
3606:
3596:, retrieved
3589:the original
3580:
3569:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3517:
3506:, retrieved
3494:
3490:
3477:
3471:
3450:. Retrieved
3443:
3434:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3316:
3291:
3287:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3216:
3212:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3103:the original
3093:
3058:
3054:
2998:
2994:
2949:(1): 48â65.
2946:
2942:
2932:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2845:(1): 83â92.
2842:
2838:
2828:
2803:
2799:
2757:
2753:
2696:(1): 51â58.
2693:
2689:
2683:
2661:(1): 76â84.
2658:
2654:
2648:
2616:(1): 37â40.
2613:
2609:
2599:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2543:ResearchGate
2542:
2537:
2523:cite journal
2506:
2502:
2446:
2442:
2409:cite journal
2384:
2380:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2281:
2277:
2239:
2235:
2194:(1): 29â39.
2191:
2187:
2160:cite journal
2135:
2131:
2125:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2041:cite journal
2024:
2020:
1986:
1976:
1967:
1957:
1947:30 September
1945:. Retrieved
1941:the original
1931:
1912:
1902:
1889:
1873:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1761:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1678:
1673:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1635:
1623:
1595:
1591:
1568:
1564:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1430:
1320:
1266:
1257:
1239:Exaggeration
1233:Exaggeration
1224:
1206:
1201:
1137:misdirection
1116:
1097:processing."
1076:
1067:frontal lobe
1060:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1025:
1018:
1000:
997:
986:
979:
970:
966:
957:
944:
936:
908:
863:
850:
837:sociological
826:
819:
814:retail store
798:
794:
790:
782:
778:
773:Bill Clinton
754:
721:
688:
679:
662:
644:
631:
576:
568:
558:
547:Confucianist
545:
535:
532:West Indians
522:
508:
498:
481:, his pupil
462:
460:
436:
432:
426:
420:
414:
408:
402:
399:Bharata Muni
392:
380:
366:
356:
334:sociological
331:
321:
318:droll humour
317:
315:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
261:
253:
245:
241:Peter McGraw
238:
226:
210:Looney Tunes
208:
202:
187:intelligence
170:
168:
159:
142:and provide
131:
123:
122:
52:
5476:(c. 335 BC)
5466:(c. 390 BC)
5445:Work of art
5398:Picturesque
5254:Avant-garde
5211:Winckelmann
5086:Kierkegaard
5011:Collingwood
4981:Baudrillard
4908:Romanticism
4878:Historicism
4812:Mathematics
4627:Documentary
4623:(dry humor)
4586:Alternative
4564:Teen sitcom
4457:Opera buffa
4432:Light music
4427:Comedy club
4377:Tragicomedy
4342:Shadow play
3814:âč The
1740:(1): 1â11,
1415:Wine humour
1249:Oscar Wilde
1079:incongruity
1028:self-esteem
611:Wang Xiaobo
507:, the term
393:In ancient
256:E. B. White
181:, culture,
104:Afghanistan
5722:Categories
5415:Recreation
5393:Perception
5286:Creativity
4986:Baumgarten
4976:Baudelaire
4858:Classicism
4773:Aesthetics
4534:Television
4437:Music hall
4382:Vaudeville
4303:Macchietta
4293:Double act
4202:Indonesia
4196:Mo lei tau
4192:Hong Kong
4186:Xiangsheng
4057:Remarriage
3966:Visual gag
3956:Punch line
3951:Prank call
3777:(Abstract)
3565:(Abstract)
3513:(Abstract)
3109:22 January
3016:2066/77089
1717:25 October
1683:2003 p. 13
1536:(3): 424.
1422:References
1374:Gelotology
1227:sight gags
1055:Physiology
891:psychology
883:motivation
874:well-being
822:meaningful
747:listeners.
638:Lin Yutang
623:Guo Degang
599:Lin Yutang
579:Chunyu Kun
551:subversive
485:, Persian
479:Abu Bischr
416:nava rasas
373:ridiculous
269:(a German
5420:Reverence
5326:Eroticism
5296:Depiction
5269:Masculine
5171:Santayana
5131:Nietzsche
5076:Hutcheson
5066:Heidegger
5051:Greenberg
5006:Coleridge
4971:Balthasar
4956:Aristotle
4918:Theosophy
4913:Symbolism
4888:Modernism
4873:Formalism
4681:Slapstick
4606:Christian
4601:Character
4578:Subgenres
4393:and dance
4313:Pantomime
4099:Slapstick
4072:Screwball
3976:Word play
3741:143854518
3308:143126889
3268:145015804
2963:0021-8308
2906:0047-2891
2867:150567697
2859:0300-4430
2820:0142-5455
2465:1661-7827
2401:143841188
2387:: 48â75.
2353:141287941
2256:145015804
2117:145748159
2097:Sex Roles
1874:u.osu.edu
1851:26 August
1810:201056950
1646:26 August
1550:146821665
1474:0956-7976
1308:Word play
1304:Vulgarity
1298:Role play
1271:Anecdotes
1182:Reframing
1167:Hyperbole
1149:ambiguity
905:At school
899:enjoyment
627:Zhou Libo
615:Wang Shuo
591:Wu Jingzi
528:Lord Flea
519:Caribbean
483:Al-Farabi
379:, in the
377:Aristotle
195:slapstick
144:amusement
18:Hilarious
5695:Category
5627:Axiology
5496:(c. 500)
5486:(c. 100)
5361:Judgment
5316:Emotions
5311:Elegance
5291:Cuteness
5264:Feminine
5227:Concepts
5196:Tanizaki
5176:Schiller
5161:Richards
5151:RanciĂšre
5121:Maritain
5056:Hanslick
4996:Benjamin
4868:Feminism
4837:Theology
4817:Medieval
4807:Japanese
4802:Internet
4721:Category
4656:Physical
4467:Operetta
4241:Sarugaku
4109:Thriller
4001:American
3921:Humorist
3891:Comedian
3816:template
3698:14659102
3668:16085479
3562:96438940
3445:BBC News
3423:Archived
3421:. 2012.
3363:12734138
3355:24169937
3233:35616418
3160:34644398
3085:21850154
3033:14369631
3025:19653782
2924:31893326
2718:23636980
2640:18317546
2591:18955287
2483:36141686
2318:26963923
2278:PLOS ONE
2216:44859626
2152:23750377
1878:Archived
1773:14 April
1612:21946039
1482:22941877
1337:See also
1323:BBC News
1263:Taxonomy
1172:Metaphor
1133:Surprise
1111:Surprise
1095:salience
1087:amygdala
1085:and the
939:laughter
925:Laughter
887:positive
858:emotions
829:laughter
665:humorist
570:Zhuangzi
560:Analects
491:Averroes
487:Avicenna
477:such as
368:Philebus
363:Socrates
271:loanword
217:Theories
197:such as
183:maturity
140:laughter
116:Malaysia
100:laughing
40:Hilarius
5690:Outline
5605:Related
5472:Poetics
5440:Tragedy
5430:Sublime
5403:Quality
5388:Mimesis
5346:Harmony
5331:Fashion
5306:Ecstasy
5301:Disgust
5217:more...
5186:Scruton
5111:Lyotard
5046:Goodman
5026:Deleuze
4961:Aquinas
4951:Alberti
4924:more...
4903:Realism
4883:Marxism
4863:Fascism
4846:Schools
4832:Science
4787:Ancient
4693:Surreal
4621:Deadpan
4507:Hip hop
4405:Cabaret
4131:Country
4123:Theatre
4087:Mexican
4082:Italian
4062:Romance
4037:Fantasy
4016:Italian
4006:British
3994:Country
3818:below (
3452:2 April
3321:237â252
3195:9325589
3151:8514248
3076:3156001
2995:Emotion
2915:7182546
2710:2326429
2675:5146348
2631:2249748
2582:2686627
2509:(1â2).
2474:9517355
2309:4786317
2286:Bibcode
2196:Bibcode
1554:citing:
1490:2480808
1364:Deadpan
1317:Culture
1274:Fantasy
1156:Methods
1145:paradox
1102:Formula
1069:of the
1032:anxiety
914:Studies
854:anxiety
603:Lao She
463:Poetics
382:Poetics
343:sarcasm
311:humours
191:context
150:of the
5738:Genres
5728:Humour
5596:(2009)
5586:(1977)
5576:(1946)
5566:(1939)
5556:(1935)
5546:(1934)
5536:(1933)
5526:(1891)
5516:(1835)
5506:(1757)
5373:Kitsch
5351:Humour
5281:Comedy
5259:Beauty
5201:Vasari
5191:Tagore
5166:Ruskin
5106:LukĂĄcs
5096:Langer
5041:Goethe
4966:BalĂĄzs
4946:Adorno
4827:Nature
4792:Africa
4731:Portal
4703:Zombie
4686:Topics
4646:Insult
4641:Horror
4616:Cringe
4549:Sitcom
4512:Parody
4236:Rakugo
4231:Owarai
4226:Manzai
4221:KyĆgen
4217:Japan
4211:Ludruk
4206:Lenong
4138:Europe
4104:Stoner
4094:Silent
4052:Parody
4042:Horror
4032:Action
4011:French
3961:Satire
3926:Humour
3884:Topics
3877:Comedy
3835:Curlie
3821:Curlie
3795:humour
3739:
3696:
3676:Neuron
3666:
3658:
3641:
3620:
3598:6 July
3560:
3524:
3508:6 July
3361:
3353:
3306:
3266:
3231:
3193:
3158:
3148:
3083:
3073:
3031:
3023:
2961:
2922:
2912:
2904:
2865:
2857:
2818:
2716:
2708:
2673:
2638:
2628:
2589:
2579:
2481:
2471:
2463:
2399:
2351:
2316:
2306:
2254:
2214:
2150:
2115:
2082:348256
2080:
1919:
1808:
1754:470561
1752:
1610:
1548:
1511:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1277:Insult
1192:Timing
1091:reward
1036:stress
1021:ageing
1015:Ageing
963:Health
948:tickle
870:morale
842:affect
741:stress
625:, and
619:Ge You
613:, and
595:Lu Xun
565:Daoist
509:comedy
489:, and
455:Hadith
438:bhavas
428:bhavas
410:hÄsyam
303:humour
299:humeur
295:humour
291:humour
283:humour
275:humour
267:humour
124:Humour
114:, and
112:Brazil
5685:Index
5454:Works
5435:Taste
5425:Style
5206:Wilde
5146:Plato
5141:Pater
5101:Lipps
5061:Hegel
5031:Dewey
5021:Danto
5001:Burke
4822:Music
4797:India
4780:Areas
4671:Shock
4611:Clown
4591:Black
4544:Roast
4529:Radio
4524:Novel
4497:Album
4492:Music
4485:Media
4472:Revue
4391:Music
4256:Genre
4181:China
4025:Genre
3941:Irony
3916:Farce
3831:Humor
3808:Humor
3737:S2CID
3592:(PDF)
3585:(PDF)
3558:S2CID
3426:(PDF)
3419:(PDF)
3359:S2CID
3304:S2CID
3290:. 3.
3264:S2CID
3229:S2CID
3029:S2CID
2863:S2CID
2714:S2CID
2397:S2CID
2349:S2CID
2252:S2CID
2212:S2CID
2113:S2CID
2078:JSTOR
1881:(PDF)
1870:(PDF)
1806:S2CID
1796:(3).
1790:Humor
1750:JSTOR
1546:S2CID
1530:Humor
1486:S2CID
1331:irony
1312:Other
1295:Quote
1286:Jokes
1281:Irony
1225:Most
1162:Farce
950:45%,
645:yĆumĂČ
634:print
555:irony
542:China
526:star
524:Mento
422:rasas
389:India
359:Plato
287:comic
279:comic
250:Views
175:taste
162:humor
156:Latin
132:humor
130:) or
108:Tibet
102:from
5409:Rasa
5367:Kama
5341:Gaze
5276:Camp
5156:Rand
5091:Klee
5081:Kant
5071:Hume
4991:Bell
4676:Sick
4661:Prop
4632:High
4596:Blue
4502:Rock
4357:Spex
4174:Asia
3986:Film
3946:Joke
3694:PMID
3664:OCLC
3656:ISBN
3639:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3600:2007
3522:ISBN
3510:2007
3454:2012
3351:PMID
3191:PMID
3156:PMID
3134:2021
3111:2017
3081:PMID
3021:PMID
2959:ISSN
2920:PMID
2902:ISSN
2855:ISSN
2816:ISSN
2706:PMID
2671:PMID
2636:PMID
2587:PMID
2529:link
2479:PMID
2461:ISSN
2415:link
2314:PMID
2166:link
2148:PMID
2047:link
1949:2016
1917:ISBN
1853:2018
1775:2013
1719:2019
1648:2018
1608:PMID
1509:ISBN
1478:PMID
1470:ISSN
1093:and
866:play
831:and
771:and
581:and
500:hija
473:and
433:rasa
341:and
307:mood
301:and
277:and
189:and
46:and
5336:Fun
5116:Man
5036:Fry
4636:low
4077:Sex
3971:Wit
3833:at
3770:doi
3760:",
3729:doi
3684:doi
3550:doi
3499:doi
3343:doi
3296:doi
3256:doi
3221:doi
3183:doi
3146:PMC
3138:doi
3071:PMC
3063:doi
3011:hdl
3003:doi
2951:doi
2910:PMC
2894:doi
2847:doi
2843:191
2808:doi
2762:doi
2698:doi
2663:doi
2626:PMC
2618:doi
2577:PMC
2569:doi
2511:doi
2469:PMC
2451:doi
2389:doi
2341:doi
2304:PMC
2294:doi
2244:doi
2204:doi
2140:doi
2105:doi
2070:doi
2029:doi
1798:doi
1742:doi
1600:doi
1573:doi
1538:doi
1462:doi
1251:by
1177:Pun
833:fun
640:'s
401:'s
339:wit
320:or
207:or
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5554:"
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4634:/
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