40:
175:
1503:, p. 145: "The Arabic literature often conflates 'Sind' with 'Hind' into a single term. Sind, in point of fact, while vaguely defined territorially, overlaps rather well with what is currently Pakistan. It definitely did extend beyond the present province of Sind and Makran; the whole of Baluchistan was included, a part of the Panjab, and the North-West Frontier Province."
912:
848:
1030:, which in the "Naqsh-i-Rustam" inscription of Shapur I denoted India on the lower Indus, and which later gradually began to denote more or less the whole of the subcontinent, was used by some of the European authors concerned as a part of bigger India. Hindustan was of course a well-known name for the subcontinent used in India and outside in medieval times."
787:(General Map of India). This 'Hindustan' of British reckoning was divided into British-ruled territories (more often referred to as 'British India') and the territories ruled by native rulers. The British officials and writers, however, thought that the Indians used 'Hindustan' to refer to only North India. An
778:
The dual meanings of the terms "India," "Hindustan," and the "Mughal Empire" persisted with the arrival of
Europeans. For instance, Rennel produced an atlas titled the Memoir of a Map of Hindoostan or the Mogul Empire in 1792, which actually depicted the Indian subcontinent. This conflation of terms
338:
In the time of the Delhi
Sultanate and the Mughal empire, the ruling elite and its Persian historiographers made a further distinction between "Hindustan" and "Hind". Hindustan referred to the territories of Northern India in the Miyan-Doab and adjacent regions under Muslim political control, while
360:. Slogans involving the term are commonly heard at sports events and other public programmes involving teams or entities representing the modern nation-state of India. In marketing, it is also commonly used as an indicator of national origin in advertising campaigns and is present in many
1435:
At partition, the Muslim League tried, unsuccessfully, to convince the
British that the two independent countries should be called Hindustan and Pakistan but neither the British nor the Congress gave in to this demand. It is important to note that Jinnah and the majority of the Pakistani
1476:
The word Hind meaning 'India', comes from the
Persian language, and the suffix -i which is transcribed in the Persian alphabet as ya-i-ma'ruf is a grammatical marker meaning 'relating to'. The word Hindi, thus, meant 'relating/belonging to India' or the 'Indian
1778:). But the word is used in older Mahommedan authors just as it is used in English school-books and atlases, viz., as (a) the equivalent of India Proper. Thus Babur says of Hindustan: 'On the East, the South and the West it is bounded by the Ocean'"
1351:, p. 5: "The Arabs, like the Greeks, adopted a pre-existing Persian term, but they were the first to extend its application to the entire Indianized region from Sind and Makran to the Indonesian Archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia."
70:
1762:. (a) 'The country of 'Hindūs' or Indus people, India. In modern native parlance the word indicates distinctively (b) India north of the Nerbudda, and exclusive of Bengal and Behar. The latter provinces are regarded as
705:(1526–1857) called its lands 'Hindustan'. The term 'Mughal' itself was never used to refer to the land. As the empire expanded, so too did 'Hindustan'. At the same time, the meaning of 'Hindustan' as the entire
1537:
It was after the Arab conquest that the name Sind came to be applied to territories much beyond modern Sind and gradually it came to pass that the variants Hind and Sind were used, as synonyms, for the entire
721:. The Mughals made a further distinction between "Hindustani" and "Hindu". In Mughal sources, Hindustani commonly referred to Muslims in Hindustan, while non-Muslim Indians were referred to as Hindus.
874:, which came to be called 'Pakistan' in popular parlance and the Dominion of India came to be called 'Hindustan'. The British officials too picked up the two terms and started using them officially.
1210:
683:
was established, north India, especially the
Gangetic plains and the Punjab, came to be called "Hindustan". Scholar Bratindra Nath Mukherjee states that this narrow meaning of
39:
1458:
The everyday speech of well over 50,000,000 persons of all communities in the north of India and in West
Pakistan is the expression of a common language, Hindustani.
1679:
590:
690:
The Delhi
Sultanate established differences between "Hindustan" and "Hind", where Hindustan referred to the territories of today's Northern India and the
505:
The region of
Hindustan is extensive, full of men and full of produce. On the east, south and even on the west it ends at its great enclosing ocean (
2443:
553:, which was derived from Persian as well, and almost became synonymous with it. The Arabs, engaging in oceanic trade, included all the lands from
2433:
2261:
2166:
2141:
2057:
1943:
1912:
1861:
1748:
1597:
1402:
1112:
984:
2341:
889:, whereas 'Bharat' was adopted as an official name. It was recognised however that 'Hindustan' would continue to be used unofficially.
885:
should be called 'India', not 'Hindustan'. Probably for the same reason, the name 'Hindustan' did not receive official sanction of the
2448:
2438:
2428:
2222:
1428:
1127:
2373:
1831:
1372:
1193:
1163:
573:
did not acquire this elaborate meaning. According to André Wink, it also did not acquire the distinction, which faded away, between
1586:
Ahmad, Imtiaz (2005), "Concepts of India: Expanding
Horizons in Early Medieval Arabic and Persian Writing", in Ifran Habib (ed.),
2453:
2317:
2196:
1082:
The
Persians called the tract lying on the left bank of the Sindhu (Indus) Hind, which is but a corruption of the word Sindh.
810:
During the independence movement, the Indians referred to their land by all three names: 'India', 'Hindustan' and 'Bharat'.
2355:
1821:
1362:
886:
877:
However, this naming did not meet the approval of Indian leaders due to the implied meaning of 'Hindustan' as the land of
694:, the lands of the Indus. In the Miyan-Doab and adjacent regions under Muslim political control. For example, the army of
400:
rule over the Subcontinent but it has also been used to particularly call the people of the central Indo-Gangetic plain (
821:
1153:
1098:
2458:
1935:
1183:
607:, with its western limit formed by the river Indus, southern limit going up to the Great Sea and the eastern limit at
431:
1712:
1453:
1436:
policy-makers have often referred to independent India as "Hindustan," as an affirmation of the two nation theory.
1026:
for India Intra Gangem or taking the latter expression rather loosely for the Indian subcontinent proper. The term
867:
659:
took shape, defining the land of the river Indus. The conquerors were liable to call the lands under their control
361:
31:
2389:
376:, insisted on calling the modern-day Republic of India "Hindustan" in reference to its Hindu-majority population.
1617:
1552:
2376:. (History of Hindustan (First published: 1770–1772). Dow had succeeded his father as the private secretary of
1329:
1327:
1185:
Tracing the Boundaries Between Hindi and Urdu: Lost and Added in Translation Between 20th Century Short Stories
779:
by Rennel illustrates the complexity and overlap of these concepts during that period. J. Bernoulli, to whom
2214:
2107:
863:
373:
593:, "the variants Hind and Sind were used, as synonyms, for the entire subcontinent." The 10th century text
542:
332:
210:
1302:
1300:
687:
existed side by side with the wider meaning, and some of the authors used both of them simultaneously.
479:
471:
2352:
Story of India through the Ages; An Entertaining History of Hindustan, to the Suppression of the Mutiny
541:
Early Persian scholars had limited knowledge of the extent of India. After the advent of Islam and the
2463:
1660:, from Peshawar to the shores of the Ocean, and in the other direction from Siwistan to the hills of
734:
483:
417:
413:
393:
340:
104:
2338:
A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughal Empire
2354:, by Flora Annie Steel, 1909 E.P. Dutton and Co., New York. (as recommended by the New York Times;
1654:. National Indian Association in Aid of Social Progress and Education in India. 1887. p. 292.
950:
893:
706:
604:
458:
451:
365:
309:
163:
128:
120:
92:
2103:
1680:
Land of Hindus? Mohan Bhagwat, Narendra Modi and the Sangh Parivar are using 'Hindustan' all wrong
2290:
1634:
1569:
1238:
1000:
998:
996:
842:
397:
389:
132:
1550:
Ali, M. Athar (January 1996), "The Evolution of the Perception of India: Akbar and Abu'l Fazl",
2369:
2313:
2257:
2218:
2192:
2162:
2154:
2137:
2053:
1939:
1908:
1896:
1857:
1827:
1792:
1744:
1593:
1424:
1398:
1368:
1230:
1189:
1159:
1108:
980:
882:
859:
851:
357:
187:
100:
96:
80:
2043:
1929:
1851:
1488:
1418:
1333:
1318:
1042:"In Other Spaces: Contestations of National Identity in "New" India's Globalized Mediascapes"
2309:
2282:
2180:
2131:
1738:
1626:
1561:
1392:
1222:
1053:
738:
198:
43:
2232:
1900:
1708:
1135:
925:
695:
680:
664:
427:
301:
88:
48:
930:
619:
were used within the subcontinent with exactly this meaning, along with their adjectives
327:, was previously used by the Arabs to refer to the much wider Indianised region from the
486:—use different scripts. The Hindi register itself derives its name from shortened form,
150:
The two terms are used synonymously in Hindi-Urdu. Hindustan was also commonly spelt as
2377:
2359:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1847:
1807:
1306:
1019:
935:
816:
811:
730:
272:
655:
With the Turko-Persian conquests starting in the 11th century, an accurate meaning of
174:
2422:
2270:
2049:
1242:
871:
796:
767:
755:
751:
702:
595:
463:
435:
409:
2155:"Hindi/Hindwi in Medieval Times: Aspects of Evolution and Recognition of a Language"
2323:
2242:
2206:
2172:
2063:
1867:
917:
717:
644:
632:
249:
222:
1267:
1004:
847:
157:
2303:
2251:
2236:
1587:
1102:
795:
means India, in the native parlance it had come to represent the region north of
2150:
1612:
1394:
Partition: The story of Indian independence and the creation of Pakistan in 1947
945:
356:"Hindustan" is often an informal and colloquial term to refer to the modern-day
241:
179:
124:
112:
52:
2286:
1695:
1691:
1519:
There are examples to show that "Hind" and "Sind", have been used as synonyms.
1226:
907:
532:
514:
510:
499:
2404:
2391:
1234:
1099:"Hind: The Geography of India according to the Medieaeval Muslim Geographers"
1058:
1041:
27:
Historic and geographic term for the whole or part of the Indian subcontinent
2380:
2348:
The English Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jan. 1887), pp. 180–181.)
2188:
1931:
Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843
1694:
at Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. XII, Fasc. 3, pp. 311-312, available online at
711:
668:
467:
420:
were centered around this region who formally called their realm Hindustan.
698:
was referred to as "Hindustani" troops, who were attacked by the "Hindus".
343:
was referred to as "Hindustani" troops, who were attacked by the "Hindus".
17:
1907:(2014 Reprint ed.). Kathmandu: Shree Krishna Acharya. pp. 4, 5.
897:
640:
608:
558:
369:
290:
265:
245:
226:
1656:
Again Hasan Nizami of Nisha-pur, about A.D. 1220, writes: "The whole of
1615:(July 1997), "The Formation of India: Notes on the History of an Idea",
1450:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11
1064:"Hindustan," or the land of the Hindus, is another Hindi name for India.
335:. But eventually it too became identified with the Indian subcontinent.
2294:
1638:
1573:
748:
518:
401:
281:
was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the present word
268:, the term "Hindu" was also applied to the lands to the east of Indus.
119:) during the ancient era, but was later extended to refer to northern
2087:
2075:
2017:
2005:
1957:
1291:
878:
804:
759:
691:
676:
672:
663:, ignoring the rest of the subcontinent. In the early 11th century a
581:(the lands to the east of the Indus River); other sources state that
328:
237:
84:
1630:
1565:
1489:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
1334:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
1319:
Ray & Chattopadhyaya, A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization (2000)
820:("Anthem of the People of Hind") was a popular patriotic song among
2345:
521:. North-west of it lies Kabul, Ghazni and Qandahar. Dihlī is held (
139:
continues to be used to the present day as a historic name for the
2211:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
940:
846:
800:
647:, and in the other direction from Siwistan to the hills of Chin."
475:
439:
405:
277:
257:
191:
183:
173:
140:
116:
2368:, Ed. B.S. Danniya and Alexander Dow. 2003, Motilal Banarsidass,
758:
over his reign and refer to his country as being inhabitable for
466:
of the northern Indian subcontinent. Hindustani derives from the
2029:
1132:
Shaikh Ayaz International Conference – Language & Literature
2159:
The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray
2114:
339:"Hind" referred to the rest of India. For example, the army of
1994:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1982:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1970:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1808:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1307:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
1279:
1255:
1020:
Mukherjee, The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent (1989)
754:. The self proclamation was done to enforce Hindu social code
1101:, in B. Lewis; V. L. Ménage; Ch. Pellat; J. Schacht (eds.),
589:
were used synonymously from early times, and that after the
509:). On the north it has mountains that connect with those of
162:
and "India proper" have denoted a similar expanse (northern
127:). It finally referred to the entire subcontinent since the
2250:
Ray, Niharranjan; Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal, eds. (2000),
1797:. Haskell House Publishers. p. 141. GGKEY:N230TU9P9E1.
866:
demanded sovereignty for the Muslim-majority areas in the
770:) and called the region infiltrated by Muslim foreigners.
611:, the present day Assam. For the next ten centuries, both
1268:
Sharma, On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva (2002)
1005:
Sharma, On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva (2002)
308:
got gradually extended to "more or less the whole of the
182:
basin system, from the Indus' upper course and origin in
1158:(13, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 276.
536:, A. S. Beveridge, trans., vol. 1, sec. iii: 'Hindustan'
1500:
1348:
783:
meant the Mughal Empire, called his French translation
747:(Real Hindustan) due to North India being ruled by the
289:, or "Indus land" in the Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of
2273:(2002). "On Hindu, Hindustan, Hinduism and Hindutva".
1472:
Sociolinguistic perspective of Hindi and Urdu in India
1215:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
240:. It was said to be the "fifteenth domain" created by
1853:
Medieval Indian Mindscapes: Space, Time, Society, Man
312:". The Greco-Roman name "India" and the Chinese name
1823:
The Delhi Sultanate:A Political and Military History
1420:
Explaining Pakistan's foreign policy: escaping India
1386:
1384:
1364:
The Delhi Sultanate:A Political and Military History
244:, apparently a land of 'abnormal heat'. In 515 BCE,
2366:
The History of Hindustan: Post Classical and Modern
1592:, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, pp. 98–99,
2115:"'India, that is Bharat…': One Country, Two Names"
1905:Badamaharaj Prithivi Narayan Shah ko Divya Upadesh
561:) to the Indonesian archipelago, in their idea of
565:, especially when used in its expansive form as "
525:) to be the capital of the whole of Hindustan...
304:states that from the lower Indus basin, the term
275:, probably from the first century CE, the suffix
154:in English. Historically, the terms "Hindustan",
1732:
1730:
503:
221:occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according to
1104:The Encyclopedia of Islam, Volume III (H–IRAM)
111:, it originally referred to the land of lower
2305:Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World
2185:Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
2119:South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal
1786:
1784:
1177:
1175:
95:, and used in the modern day to refer to the
91:, historically used to refer to the northern
8:
2238:The Foreign Names of the Indian Subcontinent
2157:. In Ishrat Alam; Syed Ejaz Hussain (eds.).
2088:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2076:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2018:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
2006:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
1958:Clémentin-Ojha, India, that is Bharat (2014)
1292:Habib, Hindi/Hindwi in Medieval Times (2011)
2241:. Place Names Society of India – via
1737:Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1996) ,
1696:http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hindu
1344:
1342:
1147:
1145:
970:
968:
966:
577:(roughly what is now western Pakistan) and
1740:Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary
1674:
1672:
434:whose ancestors came from the present-day
1589:India — Studies in the History of an Idea
1515:Pakistan movement and Hindi-Urdu conflict
1188:(annotated ed.). BRILL. p. 82.
1057:
1046:Journalism & Communication Monographs
832:(the best of all lands is our Hindustan)
1883:Parties And Politics At The Mughal Court
38:
2045:India Since 1947: The Independent Years
2030:Dhulipala, Creating a New Medina (2015)
1423:. New York: Routledge. pp. 14–15.
1092:
1090:
962:
896:use the salutary version of the name, "
1513:Fatiḥpūrī, Dildār ʻAlī Farmān (1987).
1397:, Simon & Schuster UK, p. 5,
392:for Indian people largely used in the
1280:Parpola, The Roots of Hinduism (2015)
1256:Parpola, The Roots of Hinduism (2015)
1209:Grierson, George A. (February 1933).
791:published in 1886 states that, while
762:. He also referred Northern India as
462:is the language of Hindustan and the
146:The Arabic equivalent of the term is
7:
1770:), and all south of the Nerbudda as
1535:. University of Karachi. p. 1.
1015:
1013:
854:, which was issued on 15 August 1947
829:Sāre jahāṉ se acchā Hindustān hamārā
557:in western Balochistan (near modern
2253:A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization
1652:The Indian Magazine, Issues 193-204
1040:Goel, Koeli Moitra (2 March 2018).
549:interacted with its Arabic variant
478:areas. Its literary standard forms—
316:also followed a similar evolution.
2161:. Primus Books. pp. 105–124.
2113:Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine (2014).
1474:. Bahri Publications. p. 37.
1080:. Medical Hall Press. p. 15.
1022:, p. 46: "They used the name
737:self proclaimed the newly unified
679:was called "Hindustan". After the
232:(the land of seven rivers) became
25:
285:. Thus, Sindh was referred to as
1794:A History of Sanskrit Literature
1531:Qureshi, Ishtiaq Husain (1965).
910:
631:. Indeed, in 1220 CE, historian
591:arrival of Islamic rule in India
2444:Urdu-language words and phrases
2358:Book Review, 20 February 1909,
1791:Macdonnell, Arthur A. (1968) .
264:in Persian. During the time of
2136:, Cambridge University Press,
1826:. Cambridge University Press.
1692:J. T. P. de Bruijn, art. HINDU
1501:Wink, Al-Hind, Volume 1 (2002)
1391:White-Spunner, Barney (2017),
1367:. Cambridge University Press.
1349:Wink, Al-Hind, Volume 1 (2002)
197:Hindustan is derived from the
1:
1682:, Scroll.in, 30 October 2017.
887:Constituent Assembly of India
881:. They insisted that the new
294:
2434:Demographic history of India
1856:. Primus Books. p. 47.
1517:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
1470:Beg, Mirzā K̲h̲alīl (1996).
977:Mapping Place Names of India
1936:University of Chicago Press
785:La Carte générale de l'Inde
2480:
2130:Dhulipala, Venkat (2015),
1928:Edney, Matthew H. (2009),
1448:Ashmore, Harry S. (1961).
1182:Christine Everaer (2010).
1107:(Second ed.), Brill,
1076:Śivaprasāda, Rājā (1874).
840:
449:
205:cognate with the Sanskrit
32:Hindustan (disambiguation)
29:
2449:Bengali words and phrases
2439:Persian words and phrases
2429:Cultural history of India
2287:10.1163/15685270252772759
2233:Mukherjee, Bratindra Nath
1533:The Struggle for Pakistan
1227:10.1017/S0041977X00105889
1211:"Hindustan and Hindostan"
1097:Ahmad, S. Maqbul (1986),
396:languages ever since the
2042:Sabharwal, Gopa (2007),
1881:Chandra, Satish (1959).
1128:"Sindh: An Introduction"
1059:10.1177/1522637917750131
979:. Taylor & Francis.
186:to its lower course and
2454:Hindi words and phrases
2215:Oxford University Press
2108:Encyclopedia Britannica
1743:, Wordsworth Editions,
1713:Encyclopædia Britannica
1454:Encyclopædia Britannica
864:All-India Muslim League
789:Anglo-Indian Dictionary
323:, derived from Persian
1820:Peter Jackson (2003).
1698:, Retrieved 6 May 2016
1417:Pande, Aparna (2011).
1361:Peter Jackson (2003).
1078:A History of Hindustan
855:
725:Kingdom of Nepal usage
527:
412:) because much of the
333:Indonesian archipelago
194:
57:
2405:23.99444°N 67.43083°E
2302:Wink, André (2002) .
2133:Creating a New Medina
2052:Limited, p. 12,
2032:, pp. 17–18, 22.
1152:Sarina Singh (2009).
850:
774:Colonial Indian usage
643:to the shores of the
480:Modern Standard Hindi
472:Western Uttar Pradesh
408:and west and central
177:
42:
2256:, Orient Blackswan,
900:", as a battle cry.
735:Prithvi Narayan Shah
675:with its capital at
484:Modern Standard Urdu
372:, and his party the
341:Ghiyas ud din Balban
30:For other uses, see
2401: /
2090:, paragraphs 42–45.
1155:Lonely Planet India
975:Kapur, Anu (2019).
951:Northern South Asia
894:Indian Armed Forces
822:Indian independence
707:Indian subcontinent
605:Indian subcontinent
459:Hindustani language
452:Hindustani language
366:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
260:, which was called
164:Indian subcontinent
129:early modern period
123:(including eastern
121:Indian subcontinent
93:Indian subcontinent
2459:Toponyms for India
2410:23.99444; 67.43083
2308:(Third ed.).
1897:Naraharinath, Yogi
1138:on 20 October 2007
856:
843:Partition of India
837:Partition of India
507:muḥiṭ-daryā-sī-gha
414:Persianate culture
256:, the present day
195:
133:Partition of India
58:
2356:Flora Annie Steel
2263:978-81-250-1871-1
2168:978-93-80607-16-0
2143:978-1-107-05212-3
2059:978-93-5214-089-3
1945:978-0-226-18486-9
1914:978-99933-912-1-0
1863:978-93-80607-19-1
1750:978-1-85326-363-7
1599:978-81-215-1152-0
1404:978-1-4711-4802-6
1114:978-90-04-12756-2
986:978-0-429-61421-7
883:Dominion of India
870:and northeast of
860:Lahore Resolution
852:Jai Hind postmark
709:is also found in
545:, the meaning of
494:Historical usages
368:, the founder of
358:Republic of India
352:Republic of India
141:Republic of India
97:Republic of India
81:historical region
16:(Redirected from
2471:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2327:
2298:
2266:
2246:
2228:
2202:
2176:
2146:
2126:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1901:Acharya, Baburam
1893:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1788:
1779:
1753:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1678:Shoaib Daniyal,
1676:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1618:Social Scientist
1609:
1603:
1602:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1553:Social Scientist
1547:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1445:
1439:
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1414:
1408:
1407:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1134:, archived from
1124:
1118:
1117:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1037:
1031:
1017:
1008:
1002:
991:
990:
972:
920:
915:
914:
913:
739:Kingdom of Nepal
543:Muslim conquests
537:
319:The Arabic term
296:
78:
77:
76:
75:
73:
44:Alvin J. Johnson
21:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2334:
2332:Further reading
2320:
2301:
2269:
2264:
2249:
2231:
2225:
2205:
2199:
2179:
2169:
2149:
2144:
2129:
2112:
2100:
2098:General sources
2095:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2078:, paragraph 39.
2074:
2070:
2060:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:, paragraph 26.
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1864:
1848:Vanina, Eugenia
1846:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1670:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1631:10.2307/3517600
1611:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1566:10.2307/3520120
1549:
1548:
1544:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1456:. p. 579.
1447:
1446:
1442:
1431:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1018:
1011:
1003:
994:
987:
974:
973:
964:
959:
926:Names for India
916:
911:
909:
906:
845:
839:
834:
831:
817:Tarānah-e-Hindī
776:
727:
696:Delhi Sultanate
681:Delhi Sultanate
665:satellite state
653:
639:as being "from
603:as roughly the
539:
529:
502:
496:
454:
448:
428:Indo-Surinamese
388:is an informal
382:
354:
349:
302:B. N. Mukherjee
172:
103:cognate of the
71:
69:
68:
67:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2385:
2384:
2378:Mughal Emperor
2363:
2360:New York Times
2349:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2318:
2299:
2271:Sharma, Arvind
2267:
2262:
2247:
2229:
2224:978-0190226923
2223:
2203:
2197:
2181:Lipner, Julius
2177:
2167:
2147:
2142:
2127:
2110:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2058:
2034:
2022:
2010:
2008:, paragraph 1.
1998:
1996:, p. 133.
1986:
1974:
1962:
1960:, paragraph 3.
1950:
1944:
1938:, p. 11,
1920:
1913:
1888:
1873:
1862:
1839:
1832:
1812:
1810:, p. 132.
1800:
1780:
1749:
1726:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1643:
1604:
1598:
1578:
1560:(1/3): 80–88,
1542:
1523:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1462:
1440:
1430:978-0415599009
1429:
1409:
1403:
1380:
1373:
1353:
1338:
1336:, p. 555.
1323:
1321:, p. 553.
1311:
1296:
1294:, p. 105.
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1221:(1): 257–260.
1201:
1194:
1171:
1164:
1141:
1119:
1113:
1086:
1068:
1032:
1009:
992:
985:
961:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
936:Bharata Khanda
933:
928:
922:
921:
905:
902:
841:Main article:
838:
835:
826:
812:Mohammad Iqbal
775:
772:
744:Asal Hindustan
726:
723:
652:
649:
498:
497:
495:
492:
450:Main article:
447:
444:
432:Indo-Mauritian
381:
378:
353:
350:
348:
345:
273:middle Persian
230:sapta sindhava
171:
168:
89:name for India
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2476:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:81-208-1993-4
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2343:
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2336:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:Parpola, Asko
2204:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:Penguin Books
2047:
2046:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1984:, p. 48.
1983:
1978:
1975:
1972:, p. 71.
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1833:9780521543293
1829:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1758:, n.p. Pers.
1757:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:(7/8): 3–10,
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:subcontinent.
1534:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:, p. 17.
1490:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:9780521543293
1370:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1309:, p. 46.
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1195:9789004177314
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:9781741791518
1161:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
988:
982:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
919:
908:
903:
901:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
872:British India
869:
865:
861:
853:
849:
844:
836:
833:
830:
825:
823:
819:
818:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
797:Narmada River
794:
790:
786:
782:
773:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:Dharmashastra
753:
752:Mughal rulers
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
724:
722:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
704:
703:Mughal Empire
699:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:
596:Hudud al-Alam
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
538:
535:
534:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
493:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:lingua franca
461:
460:
453:
445:
443:
441:
437:
436:Uttar Pradesh
433:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
379:
377:
375:
374:Muslim League
371:
367:
363:
362:company names
359:
351:
347:Current usage
346:
344:
342:
336:
334:
331:coast to the
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
225:. Hence, the
224:
220:
216:
213:sound change
212:
211:Proto-Iranian
208:
204:
200:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:A map of the
176:
169:
167:
165:
161:
159:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:(present-day
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
74:
72:pronunciation
64:
63:
55:
54:
53:British India
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2386:
2365:
2351:
2337:
2324:Google Books
2322:– via
2304:
2278:
2274:
2252:
2243:Google Books
2237:
2210:
2184:
2173:Google Books
2171:– via
2158:
2151:Habib, Irfan
2132:
2122:
2118:
2083:
2071:
2064:Google Books
2062:– via
2044:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1930:
1923:
1904:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1868:Google Books
1866:– via
1852:
1842:
1822:
1815:
1803:
1793:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1739:
1717:. Retrieved
1703:
1687:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1622:
1616:
1613:Habib, Irfan
1607:
1588:
1581:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1419:
1412:
1393:
1363:
1356:
1314:
1287:
1282:, Chapter 1.
1275:
1270:, p. 2.
1263:
1258:, Chapter 9.
1251:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1184:
1154:
1136:the original
1131:
1122:
1103:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1007:, p. 3.
976:
918:India portal
891:
876:
857:
828:
827:
815:
809:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:
766:(Country of
763:
743:
742:
728:
718:Ain-i-Akbari
716:
710:
700:
689:
684:
660:
656:
654:
636:
633:Hasan Nizami
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
600:
594:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
554:
550:
546:
540:
531:
528:
522:
506:
504:
487:
470:language of
457:
455:
423:
422:
385:
383:
355:
337:
324:
320:
318:
313:
310:subcontinent
305:
299:
286:
282:
276:
270:
261:
253:
250:Indus Valley
248:annexed the
233:
229:
223:Asko Parpola
218:
214:
206:
202:
196:
155:
151:
147:
145:
136:
131:. Since the
108:
99:. Being the
61:
60:
59:
47:
36:
2464:North India
2408: /
2342:H. G. Keene
2281:(1): 1–36.
1715:, Inc. 2007
1709:"Hindustan"
1052:(1): 4–73.
946:River Indus
824:activists.
651:North India
426:is used by
242:Ahura Mazda
234:hapta hindu
180:Indus River
125:Afghanistan
113:Indus basin
18:Hindustanis
2423:Categories
2396:67°25′51″E
2393:23°59′40″N
2319:0391041738
2198:0415051827
957:References
799:excluding
669:Ghaznavids
635:described
625:Hindustani
533:Babur Nama
515:Kafiristan
511:Hindu-Kush
500:Babur Nama
442:in India.
424:Hindustani
398:Persianate
394:Indo-Aryan
386:Hindustani
300:Historian
252:including
46:'s map of
2381:Aurangzeb
2346:Hindustan
2189:Routledge
2104:Hindustan
1760:Hindūstan
1756:Hindostan
1243:176975272
1235:1474-0699
1028:Hindustan
1024:Hindustan
931:Āryāvarta
868:northwest
858:The 1940
793:Hindustan
781:Hindustan
729:The last
712:Baburnama
685:Hindustan
661:Hindustan
657:Hindustan
617:Hindustan
601:Hindustan
571:Hindustan
547:Hindustan
490:(India).
468:Old Hindi
384:The term
306:Hindūstān
287:Hindūstān
283:Hindūstān
170:Etymology
158:Aryāvarta
152:Hindostan
137:Hindustan
135:in 1947,
62:Hindūstān
49:Hindostan
2235:(1989).
2209:(2015).
2183:(1998).
2153:(2011).
1903:(2014).
1850:(2012).
1477:native'.
904:See also
898:Jai Hind
814:'s poem
731:Gorkhali
641:Peshawar
609:Kamarupa
599:defined
559:Chabahar
523:aīrīmīsh
446:Language
370:Pakistan
297:262 CE.
291:Shapur I
246:Darius I
227:Rigvedic
87:, and a
79:) was a
2295:3270470
1639:3517600
1574:3520120
862:of the
768:Mughals
764:Mughlan
749:Islamic
671:in the
667:of the
621:Hindawi
567:Al-Hind
519:Kashmir
402:Haryana
390:endonym
314:Shen-tu
236:in the
199:Persian
2372:
2316:
2293:
2260:
2221:
2195:
2165:
2140:
2056:
1942:
1911:
1860:
1830:
1776:Deccan
1772:Dakhan
1768:Poorub
1747:
1637:
1596:
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