33:
1507:
1175:
2609:
429:
2597:
528:
remarks that the fact that he did not apparently compose elegies for emperors themselves, and that most of his poems centre around princes and princesses, indicates that he was probably a writer affiliated with the literary circles that formed around these junior members of the imperial family.
1490:
poems praise splendidly the natural scenery and the divinity of the
Japanese islands, and his Iwami exchange vividly describes the powerful emotions of being separated from the woman he loved. His romantic poems convey honest emotions, and his travel poems exquisitely describe the mood of the
344:, but has little supporting evidence. While the other theories cannot be confirmed, it is certain that they were members of the same clan (probably close relatives), and were active at the same time. It is likely that their mutual activity at court had a significant effect on each other.
875:
as referring to a "ravine" (峡). Other scholars take the presence of "shells" as meaning
Hitomaro died near the mouth of a river where it meets the sea. (This interpretation would give the translation "Alas! he lies buried, men say, / With the shells of the Stone River.")
390:
were apparently recorded by
Hitomaro before 690, and are characteristic of court poetry, leading to the conclusion that he was active at court from the early part of Emperor Tenmu's reign. From this point he was active in recording and composing love poems at court.
339:
There are several theories regarding the relationship of this
Kakinomoto no Saru to the poet Hitomaro, including the former being the latter's father, brother, uncle, or them being the same person. The theory that they were the same person has been advanced by
1383:
384:(completed in 712) had begun to be compiled during Tenmu's reign. Watase also observes that Hitomaro's having composed a Tanabata poem means that he was probably attending Tanabata gatherings during this period. A significant number of poems in the
454:
His poetic composition flourished during the period in which
Empress Jitō was active (both during her reign and after her retirement). He composed poetry for numerous members of the imperial family, including the empress, Prince Kusakabe,
412:'s reign, there are a few possibilities for where Hitomaro was serving at Tenmu's court. Watase presents three principal theories: first under the empress-consort Princess Uno-no-sarara (who later became Empress Jitō); second under
1424:. It is quite possible that a significant number of these poems were incorrectly attributed to Hitomaro by tradition. In addition to Hitomaro's own compositions, there are also many poems said to have been recorded by him in his
352:
The year in which he was born is not known, nor can much be said with certainty about any aspects of his life beyond his poetic activities. Watase tentatively takes
Hitomaro as being 21 years old (by
1720:
held by all members of the Tajihi clan, and one of Keene's sources, Kojima, Kinoshita and Satake (1971, p. 182) states that the given name of the "Tajihi no Mahito" who composed this poem is unknown.
1460:
Hitomaro is known for his solemn and mournful elegies of members of the imperial family, whom he described in his courtly poems as "gods" and "children of the sun". He incorporated elements of the
546:
333:
323:
284:
552:
The date, site and manner of his death are a matter of scholarly debate, due to some contradictory details that are gleaned from poems attributed to
Hitomaro and his wife Yosami no Otome|Yosami
1191:
Hitomaro was a court poet during the reigns of
Empress Jitō and Emperor Monmu, with most of his dateable poems coming from the last decade or so of the seventh century. He apparently left a
2570:
Als
Kaiserin Jito nach Yoshino ging. Gedichte nach Kakinomoto no Hitomaro (free poetic adaptation of all works of Hitomaro and of the Hitomaro-collection with a comprehensive commentary)
1472:
and historical narrative in his poetry. While he is known for his poems praising the imperial family, his poetry is also filled with human sensitivity and a new, fresh "folkiness".
326:, in the twelfth month of 681. These facts lead Watase to conjecture that the Kakinomoto clan may have had some literary success in the court of Emperor Tenmu. According to the
2637:) contains several of Hitomaro's waka, as well as notable translations of 3 naga uta ("In the sea of ivy clothed Iwami", "The Bay of Tsyunu", and "When she was still alive")
719:
Saitō was convinced he had located the site of the
Kamoyama of the above poem and erected a monument there, but two poems by Yosami that immediately follow the above in the
1617:
dedicated to him, commemorating an early Heian belief that Hitomaro's spirit came to rest in Akashi, an area the historical Hitomaro probably visited multiple times.
262:. The main Wani clan were also based in this area, so the Kakinomoto clan may have had a particularly close relationship with their parent clan. According to the
1379:
From the above it can be said that Hitomaro's poetry was primarily about affairs of the court, but that he also showed a marked preference for poems on travel.
1019:
There is no river named "Ishikawa" near the present Kamoyama; Saitō explained this as "Ishikawa" perhaps being an archaic name for upper part of another river.
1525:
There is evidence that Hitomaro exerted direct influence on the poetry composed during his own time. For example, poems 171 through 193 of Book 1 of the
1475:
His lament for the Ōmi capital is noted for its vivid, sentimental descriptions of the ruins, while his elegy for Prince Takechi powerfully evokes the
32:
167:(人丸). He has come to be revered as a god of poetry and scholarship, and is considered one of the four greatest poets in Japanese history, along with
1754:). The general consensus is that the 柿 refers to Hitomaro, but there is debate over the identity of 山, which could refer to Yamabe no Akahito or to
1491:
courtiers on these trips. He shed tears for the deaths of even random commoners on country paths and court women whose names he did not even know.
1545:, a poet of the "fourth period" who probably had a hand in the final compilation of the collection, held Hitomaro in high regard, praising him as
2578:
2528:
2502:
2403:
1582:(人丸影供) also gained currency, showing that Hitomaro had already begun to be apotheosized. Hitomaro's divinity status continued to grow in the
1430:
443:. In the fourth month of 689, Prince Kusakabe died, and Hitomaro composed an elegy commemorating the prince. He also composed an elegy for
1197:
386:
2680:
2655:
2634:
2476:
2441:
2391:
A History of Japanese Literature, Vol. 1: Seeds in the Heart – Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century
2311:
1357:
mourning Kibitsu no Uneme, Hijikata no Otome and Izumo no Otome, and a number of romantic exchanges with his wife and other lovers;
2601:
2650:
224:, the Wani clan had furnished many imperial consorts in the fourth through sixth centuries, and extended their influence from
2690:
2685:
2660:
2542:
2363:
1529:
bear similarities to his work. It is generally accepted that the court poets of the following generation (the so-called
2276:
1670:
2665:
130:
380:'s reign (680). The content of this poem reveals an awareness of the mythology that, according to the preface to the
1375:
composed on travel topics that do not fit into any of the above categories (all of which also include travel poems).
2613:
1614:
1682:
Keene (1999, p. 116) gives the reading "wa", but his source (Kojima, Kinoshita and Satake 1971, p. 182) gives the
1319:
about imperial princes and princesses such as his elegies for Prince Kusakabe, Prince Takechi, Princess Asuka and
2494:
2395:
1349:
he composed on the court women accompanying Empress Jitō on her visit to Ise while he stayed in the capital, one
353:
1506:
2568:
568:. Taking Watase's rough dates, he would have been in his mid-fifties in 709, when Watase speculates he died.
1026:
wrote a response to Yosami in the persona of Hitomaro, very clearly connecting Hitomaro's death to the sea.
576:
provinces in 707. Hitomaro's final poem gives the strong impression that he met his death in the mountains.
481:
1408:
in books 3 and 9 are said to be traditionally attributed to Hitomaro. Additionally, there is one Hitomaro
2417:
2359:
2325:
413:
306:
244:
provinces. Many of their clan traditions (including genealogies, songs, and tales) are preserved in the
2321:
1542:
1498:
that expressed both human sentiment and sincere emotions across both his poems of praise and mourning.
198:. His name does not appear in any of the official court documents, perhaps on account of his low rank.
134:
2608:
2564:
2516:
2329:
1320:
395:
2675:
2670:
2538:
2413:
264:
2421:
1266:
476:
36:
2512:
1758:. One theory also proposes that 山柿 refers to only one person: Hitomaro. See Kawaguchi 1983, p. 453.
1610:
1557:
1480:
1201:, which does not survive as an independent work but was cited extensively by the compilers of the
2389:
2333:
1461:
1325:
1298:
499:
487:
400:
229:
1530:
194:
91:
2295:
2630:
2574:
2552:
2524:
2498:
2472:
2437:
2399:
2373:
2345:
2307:
1755:
1621:
1538:
1425:
1252:
1192:
1184:
311:
297:
168:
2460:
1606:
1587:
1562:
569:
525:
433:
147:
2622:
1599:
1583:
1567:
1452:. This adds up to a total figure of close to 500 poems directly associated with Hitomaro.
1238:
515:
495:
341:
277:
241:
225:
213:
207:
142:
108:
104:
2303:
1666:
1553:, the death of Hitomaro appears to have already taken on some legendary characteristics.
503:
409:
255:
233:
119:
2548:
2369:
1485:
1389:
1174:
573:
519:
491:
460:
444:
417:
316:
237:
112:
2644:
2486:
2337:
1579:
1297:
about reigning emperors, such as hymns praising Empress Jitō's visits to Yoshino and
472:
456:
447:, who died in the fourth month of 700, and a poem commemorating an imperial visit to
440:
377:
328:
81:
48:
2491:
Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600 (Abridged Edition)
2385:
1575:
448:
428:
160:
122:, creating many works praising the imperial family, and is best remembered for his
86:
511:
2468:
1515:
1476:
1382:
1331:
1023:
468:
464:
288:
259:
246:
2617:
2433:
2166:
2164:
1591:
542:
221:
1669:
puts the normal minimum age of people coming to court as High Chamberlain or
1303:
192:
The sole early source for the life of the poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro is the
2556:
2377:
269:
217:
1595:
1444:
1228:. All are located in the first four books of the collection. Of these, six
126:
for various imperial princes. He also composed well-regarded travel poems.
2596:
1710:
Keene (1999, p. 117) refers to the poet as "Tajihi no Mabito", but Mabito/
1684:
1629:
1495:
1210:
541:, implies that Hitomaro died shortly before the moving of the capital to
369:
176:
17:
2573:(in German) (1 ed.). Tübingen: Scidinge Hall Verlag. p. 218.
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1625:
1271:
1179:
507:
172:
52:
356:) between 673 and 675, which would put his birth between 653 and 655.
1716:
1711:
439:
Hitomaro acted as a court poet during the reigns of Empress Jitō and
309:, the probable head of the clan, had been among ten people appointed
731:), neither of which seem likely in the context of Saitō's Kamoyama.
394:
Watase speculates that Hitomaro came to court in the service of the
103:, the details of his life are largely uncertain. He was born to the
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
1396:
In addition to the 85 poems directly attributed to Hitomaro by the
871:
The above-quoted translation is based on Saitō's interpretation of
1519:
1505:
1413:
1381:
1221:
1216:
1173:
572:
postulated that Hitomaro died in an epidemic that swept Iwami and
427:
123:
31:
1746:, which is composed of two characters, 山 (which can also be read
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
1742:
There are a number of conflicting theories as to the meaning of
1412:
in book 15 said to have been recited in 736 by an envoy sent to
292:
99:
anthology, but apart from what can be gleaned from hints in the
1028:
878:
733:
578:
537:
The ordering of poems, and their headnotes, in volume 2 of the
1656:
spells it 柿本朝臣佐留, 臣 and 朝臣 reflecting the 684 change in title.
1416:. Including these "traditional" Hitomaro poems, that gives 20
1368:
commemorating the bodies of dead people Hitomaro encountered;
2170:
2134:
2088:
2465:
Man'yōshū Jiten (Man'yōshū zen'yakuchū genbun-tsuki bekkan)
2118:
2116:
2246:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1632:, as one of the four greatest poets in Japanese history.
1330:
and his songs of praise for Prince Karu, Prince Osakabe,
1224:
to his long poems) are directly attributed to him in the
89:. He was the most prominent of the poets included in the
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2053:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1278:
to all three categories, and that he composed so many
2342:
Oxford University Faculty of Oriental Studies website
1602:
tended to reject the various legends about Hitomaro.
545:
in 710. He would have been in Iwami Province, at the
1688:
reading "a", as do Tsuru and Moriyama (2012, p. 87).
1494:Watase credits him with the creation of an ancient
276:) tree that grew on their land during the reign of
254:. The Kakinomoto clan were headquartered in either
2076:
1729:Tsuru and Moriyama (2012, p. 87) give the reading
1697:Tsuru and Moriyama (2012, p. 87) give the reading
2107:
364:The earliest dated work attributed to him in the
258:or, perhaps more likely, the Ichinomoto area of
1541:, were influenced by Hitomaro's courtly poems.
1285:Broken down by topic, the above poems include:
723:suggest otherwise, as they mention "shells" (貝
561:
2300:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro Ronkō (zōho-kaitei-ban)
2277:"Jinja/Bukkaku: Kakinomoto-jinja (神社・仏閣 柿本神社)"
555:
1308:, and poems lamenting the fallen Ōmi capital;
408:Based on Hitomaro's poetic activities during
8:
1256:(mutual exchanges of love poetry), and nine
1274:). Of note is the fact that he contributed
111:, probably in the 650s, and likely died in
220:. Centred in the northeastern part of the
1899:
1880:
1550:
506:in the north, Kii Province in the south,
405:in response to an imperial edict in 673.
2258:
424:Reigns of Empress Jitō and Emperor Monmu
332:, Saru died in 708, having attained the
2222:
1779:
1767:かのおほん時におほきみつのくらゐ、かきのもとのひとまろなむ歌のひじりなりける。
1641:
1345:about court women, including the three
2455:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2218:
2206:
2012:
2000:
1876:
1845:
2155:
2122:
2057:
2024:
1923:
1911:
1857:
1620:Hitomaro is today ranked, along with
7:
2493:(paperback ed.). New York, NY:
2394:(paperback ed.). New York, NY:
2283:. Akashi: Akashi Tourism Association
1514:commemorated in an inscription near
376:2033) composed in the ninth year of
2627:One Hundred Poems from the Japanese
2547:(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo:
2426:Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshū Vol. 2;
2368:(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo:
2338:"The Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese"
2275:Akashi Tourism Association (2017).
2234:
1914:, p. 170, note 141, citing Umehara.
1187:that depicts Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
494:. He apparently composed poetry in
268:, the clan's name derives from the
2541:(1983). "Kakinomoto no Hitomaro".
2281:Akashi Tourism Association website
1431:Kakinomoto no Asomi Hitomaro Kashū
25:
2171:Kojima, Kinoshita and Satake 1971
2135:Kojima, Kinoshita and Satake 1971
2089:Kojima, Kinoshita and Satake 1971
1671:Chamberlain of the Eastern Palace
1652:spells this name 柿本臣猨, while the
1198:Kakinomoto no Ason Hitomaro Kashū
863:in the ravine of the Stone River.
387:Kakinomoto no Ason Hitomaro Kashū
2607:
2595:
2453:One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each
1750:) and 柿 (which can also be read
145:, the principal compiler of the
85:poet and aristocrat of the late
2247:Akashi Tourism Association 2017
1510:Hitomaro's contribution to the
334:Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade
137:, the presumed compiler of the
2362:(1983). "Ōtomo no Yakamochi".
1158:On the stones brought to shore
1011:That I may watch and remember.
283:The Kakinomoto clan had their
1:
2467:(paperback ed.). Tokyo:
1242:(miscellaneous poems), three
860:Alas! he lies buried, men say
216:, an offshoot of the ancient
159:(歌の聖) respectively. From the
73:
66:
2544:Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten
2365:Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten
1574:("Saint of Poetry"). In the
1386:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro from
2523:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Ōfū.
708:She is waiting now—my wife—
562:
301:) of 684. According to the
295:in the eleventh month (see
212:Hitomaro was born into the
131:Thirty-six Poetry Immortals
129:He is ranked as one of the
118:He served as court poet to
2707:
2681:7th-century Japanese poets
2656:6th-century Japanese poets
1049:
1040:Reconstructed Old Japanese
899:
890:Reconstructed Old Japanese
754:
745:Reconstructed Old Japanese
727:) and a "Stone River" (石川
599:
590:Reconstructed Old Japanese
205:
46:
2495:Columbia University Press
2396:Columbia University Press
1022:An unknown member of the
556:
416:; third in the palace of
2451:McMillan, Peter (2010).
1570:referred to Hitomaro as
518:in the west, as well as
163:on, he was often called
2629:(New Directions, 1955,
2077:Tsuru and Moriyama 2012
1008:Hover above Stone River
999:There can be no meeting
702:That I lie in Kamoyama,
699:All unaware, it may be,
2651:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
2614:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
2602:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
2432:(in Japanese). Tokyo:
2108:Frellesvig et al. 2017
1522:
1393:
1188:
1002:Face to face with him.
857:I wait for my husband—
711:Waiting for my return.
436:
151:, praised Hitomaro as
63:Kakinomoto no Hitomaro
44:
1560:to the tenth-century
1549:(山柿の門). As discussed
1509:
1385:
1177:
431:
414:Crown Prince Kusakabe
360:Emperor Tenmu's reign
359:
250:and, especially, the
35:
2691:Deified Japanese men
2686:Hyakunin Isshu poets
2604:at Wikimedia Commons
2551:. pp. 586–588.
2418:Kinoshita, Masatoshi
2372:. pp. 451–453.
2360:Kawaguchi, Tsunetaka
2326:Horn, Stephen Wright
1512:Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
1456:Characteristic style
1046:English translation
1037:Modern Japanese text
896:English translation
887:Modern Japanese text
751:English translation
742:Modern Japanese text
596:English translation
587:Modern Japanese text
533:Later life and death
348:Birth and early life
2661:Japanese male poets
2137:, pp. 181–182.
2125:, pp. 116–117.
2027:, pp. 116–118.
2015:, pp. 586–587.
1537:poetry), including
1426:personal collection
1334:and Prince Niitabe;
1161:By the rough waves?
1136:ware koko ni ari to
1107:ware koko ni ari to
817:ari to ipa-zu ya mo
705:Pillowed on a rock,
2612:Works by or about
2322:Frellesvig, Bjarke
1543:Ōtomo no Yakamochi
1523:
1479:. His Yoshino and
1462:national mythology
1394:
1236:are classified as
1193:private collection
1189:
1112:tare ka tuge-na-mu
846:ari to iwazu ya mo
831:a ga matsu kimi wa
802:wa ga matu kimi pa
691:machitsutsu aruran
686:shira ni to imo ga
522:in the northwest.
500:Yamashiro Province
488:Princess Hatsusebe
463:, Prince Osakabe,
437:
354:Japanese reckoning
307:Kakinomoto no Saru
135:Ōtomo no Yakamochi
65:(柿本 人麻呂 or 柿本 人麿;
45:
2600:Media related to
2580:978-3-947020-20-1
2565:Werneburg, Ingmar
2530:978-4-273-00019-6
2517:Moriyama, Takashi
2504:978-0-231-15731-5
2461:Nakanishi, Susumu
2405:978-0-231-11441-7
2346:Oxford University
2330:Russell, Kerri L.
1756:Yamanoue no Okura
1622:Fujiwara no Teika
1615:Kakinomoto Shrine
1588:Muromachi periods
1539:Yamabe no Akahito
1220:(of which 36 are
1185:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
1167:
1166:
1149:Who will tell her
1097:yori-kuru tama wo
1017:
1016:
991:mitsutsu shinowan
962:mitutu sinwopa-mu
869:
868:
717:
716:
647:ipane si mak-yeru
324:Junior Fifth Rank
298:Japanese calendar
265:Shinsen Shōjiroku
169:Fujiwara no Teika
79:) was a Japanese
16:(Redirected from
2698:
2611:
2599:
2584:
2560:
2539:Watase, Masatada
2534:
2508:
2482:
2456:
2447:
2414:Kojima, Noriyuki
2409:
2381:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2317:
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2289:
2288:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2183:
2182:Werneburg (2023)
2180:
2174:
2168:
2159:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1884:
1874:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1731:tare ka tsugenan
1727:
1721:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1646:
1611:Hyōgo Prefecture
1578:the practice of
1558:Japanese preface
1489:
1434:(柿本朝臣人麿歌集). The
1329:
1321:Prince Kawashima
1307:
1195:, the so-called
1155:My head pillowed
1152:That I lie here,
1141:tare ka tsugeken
1126:yorikuru tama wo
1029:
1005:Arise, O clouds,
986:kumo tachiwatare
976:ai katsu mashiji
957:kumo tati-watare
879:
854:Day in, day out,
812:kapi ni mazirite
734:
676:iwane shi makeru
657:sira-nito imo ga
579:
567:
565:
559:
558:
526:Susumu Nakanishi
485:
404:
396:High Chamberlain
322:, equivalent to
320:
285:hereditary title
78:
75:
71:
68:
21:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2641:
2640:
2623:Kenneth Rexroth
2592:
2587:
2581:
2563:
2537:
2531:
2511:
2505:
2485:
2479:
2459:
2450:
2444:
2422:Satake, Akahiro
2412:
2406:
2384:
2358:
2350:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2294:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2221:, p. 588;
2217:
2213:
2205:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2064:
2056:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1887:
1879:, p. 586;
1875:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1724:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1600:Kamo no Mabuchi
1568:Ki no Tsurayuki
1504:
1483:
1458:
1323:
1301:
1172:
1043:Modern Japanese
947:api-katu masizi
893:Modern Japanese
841:kai ni majirite
748:Modern Japanese
662:matitutu ara-mu
593:Modern Japanese
563:Yosami no Otome
553:
535:
516:Seto Inland Sea
496:Yamato Province
479:
426:
398:
362:
350:
342:Takeshi Umehara
314:
278:Emperor Bidatsu
226:Yamato Province
214:Kakinomoto clan
210:
208:Kakinomoto clan
204:
190:
185:
143:Ki no Tsurayuki
109:Yamato Province
105:Kakinomoto clan
76:
69:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2620:
2605:
2591:
2590:External links
2588:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2561:
2549:Iwanami Shoten
2535:
2529:
2513:Tsuru, Hisashi
2509:
2503:
2487:Shirane, Haruo
2483:
2477:
2457:
2448:
2442:
2410:
2404:
2382:
2370:Iwanami Shoten
2356:
2318:
2312:
2292:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2261:, p. 132 n. 3.
2251:
2239:
2237:, p. 901.
2227:
2211:
2209:, p. 588.
2184:
2175:
2173:, p. 182.
2160:
2158:, p. 117.
2139:
2127:
2112:
2093:
2091:, p. 181.
2081:
2062:
2060:, p. 116.
2029:
2017:
2005:
2003:, p. 587.
1928:
1926:, p. 103.
1916:
1904:
1902:, p. 221.
1900:Nakanishi 1985
1885:
1883:, p. 221.
1881:Nakanishi 1985
1862:
1860:, p. 118.
1850:
1848:, p. 586.
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1735:
1722:
1703:
1690:
1675:
1658:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1531:"third period"
1503:
1500:
1457:
1454:
1436:Hitomaro Kashū
1390:Hyakunin Isshu
1377:
1376:
1369:
1358:
1335:
1309:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
966:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:tada no api pa
937:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
918:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
867:
866:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
850:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
821:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
797:kyepu kyepu to
792:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
773:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
715:
714:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
695:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
637:
636:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
618:
617:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
534:
531:
520:Iwami Province
492:Princess Asuka
477:Prince Niitabe
461:Prince Takechi
445:Princess Asuka
425:
422:
418:Prince Osakabe
361:
358:
349:
346:
287:promoted from
206:Main article:
203:
200:
189:
186:
184:
181:
113:Iwami Province
77: 707–710
70: 653–655
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2703:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2636:
2635:0-8112-0181-3
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2478:4-06-183651-X
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2443:4-09-657002-8
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2386:Keene, Donald
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2313:4-273-03030-6
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2259:McMillan 2010
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2225:, p. 40.
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2079:, p. 87.
2078:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1699:tada no ai wa
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1673:(東宮舎人) as 21.
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:Shoku Nihongi
1651:
1645:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:Hitomaru-eigu
1577:
1573:
1572:Uta no Hijiri
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:Kokin Wakashū
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:Sanshi no Mon
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1481:Samine Island
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1438:included 333
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:makura ni oki
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:makura ni oki
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:tada ni awaba
969:
968:
967:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
919:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
900:
895:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
793:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
774:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
755:
750:
747:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
732:
730:
726:
722:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
697:
696:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:ware wo ka mo
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
619:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
600:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
577:
575:
571:
570:Mokichi Saitō
564:
550:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
483:
478:
474:
473:Prince Toneri
470:
466:
462:
458:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:Emperor Monmu
435:
434:Kikuchi Yōsai
430:
423:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
392:
389:
388:
383:
379:
378:Emperor Tenmu
375:
371:
367:
357:
355:
347:
345:
343:
337:
335:
331:
330:
329:Shoku Nihongi
325:
321:
318:
313:
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
201:
199:
197:
196:
187:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:Uta no Hijiri
154:
153:Sanshi no Mon
150:
149:
148:Kokin Wakashū
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:, the oldest
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
64:
58:
54:
50:
49:Japanese name
42:
38:
34:
30:
27:Japanese poet
19:
2666:Man'yō poets
2626:
2569:
2543:
2520:
2490:
2464:
2452:
2429:
2425:
2390:
2364:
2349:. Retrieved
2341:
2334:Sells, Peter
2299:
2285:. Retrieved
2280:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2223:Shirane 2012
2214:
2178:
2130:
2084:
2020:
2008:
1919:
1907:
1853:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1619:
1604:
1576:Heian period
1571:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1511:
1493:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1464:seen in the
1459:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1316:
1312:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1178:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1032:
1021:
1018:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
882:
872:
870:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
737:
728:
724:
720:
718:
690:
685:
681:ware wo kamo
680:
675:
670:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
582:
551:
538:
536:
524:
504:Ōmi Province
498:(his home),
453:
449:Kii Province
438:
432:Hitomaro by
410:Empress Jitō
407:
393:
385:
381:
373:
365:
363:
351:
338:
327:
310:
302:
296:
282:
273:
263:
256:Shinjō, Nara
251:
245:
211:
193:
191:
164:
161:Heian period
156:
152:
146:
138:
128:
120:Empress Jitō
117:
115:around 709.
100:
96:
90:
87:Asuka period
80:
62:
61:
56:
40:
29:
2676:700s deaths
2671:650s births
2268:Works cited
2219:Watase 1983
2207:Watase 1983
2013:Watase 1983
2001:Watase 1983
1877:Watase 1983
1846:Watase 1983
1650:Nihon Shoki
1613:there is a
1516:Mount Ogura
1484: [
1477:Jinshin War
1470:Nihon Shoki
1332:Prince Naga
1324: [
1302: [
1299:Ikazuchioka
1024:Tajihi clan
981:Ishikawa ni
836:Ishikawa no
671:Kamoyama no
642:kamoyama no
480: [
469:Prince Yuge
465:Prince Naga
457:Prince Karu
399: [
315: [
303:Nihon Shoki
260:Tenri, Nara
247:Nihon Shoki
155:(山柿の門) and
107:, based in
37:Kanō Tan'yū
2645:Categories
2618:Wikisource
2434:Shogakukan
2351:2017-10-28
2296:Aso, Mizue
2287:2017-11-05
2156:Keene 1999
2123:Keene 1999
2058:Keene 1999
2025:Keene 1999
1924:Keene 1999
1912:Keene 1999
1858:Keene 1999
1775:References
1592:Edo period
1448:, and two
1404:and three
1364:and three
1353:and eight
1121:aranami ni
1092:aranami ni
1033:Man'yōgana
952:isikapa ni
883:Man'yōgana
826:kyō kyō to
807:isikapa no
738:Man'yōgana
583:Man'yōgana
549:or lower.
547:Sixth Rank
222:Nara Basin
57:Kakinomoto
43:(人丸), 1648
2521:Man'yōshū
2428:Man'yōshū
2388:(1999) .
2302:. Tokyo:
1667:Yōrō Code
1594:scholars
1527:Man'yōshū
1502:Reception
1398:Man'yōshū
1293:and five
1226:Man'yōshū
1203:Man'yōshū
1183:print by
721:Man'yōshū
539:Man'yōshū
374:Man'yōshū
366:Man'yōshū
270:persimmon
230:Yamashiro
218:Wani clan
195:Man'yōshū
165:Hito-maru
139:Man'yōshū
101:Man'yōshū
92:Man'yōshū
41:Hito-maru
2567:(2023).
2557:11917421
2519:(2012).
2489:(2012).
2469:Kōdansha
2463:(1985).
2424:(1971).
2378:11917421
2336:(2017).
2298:(1998).
2235:Aso 1998
1685:furigana
1584:Kamakura
1496:lyricism
789:ありといはずやも
729:Ishikawa
634:待ちつつあるらむ
514:and the
370:Tanabata
312:shōkinge
202:Ancestry
47:In this
18:Hitomaro
1556:In his
1420:and 71
1341:and 28
1315:and 17
1272:elegies
1260:and 25
1246:and 13
1232:and 29
1214:and 67
1180:Ukiyo-e
1081:我ここにありと
925:逢ひかつましじ
508:Shikoku
368:is his
188:Sources
124:elegies
53:surname
2633:
2577:
2555:
2527:
2501:
2475:
2440:
2430:Book I
2402:
2376:
2310:
1744:Sanshi
1717:kabane
1714:was a
1712:Mahito
1607:Akashi
1596:Keichū
1590:. The
1535:Man'yō
1466:Kojiki
1445:sedōka
1428:, the
1400:, two
1388:Ogura
1337:seven
1311:seven
1289:three
1222:envoys
1084:誰か告げけむ
1075:寄り来る玉を
934:見つつ偲はむ
922:ただに逢はば
786:貝に交じりて
780:我が待つ君は
770:有登不言八方
758:且今日且今日
631:知らにと妹が
625:岩根しまける
512:Kyūshū
382:Kojiki
372:poem (
252:Kojiki
242:Harima
141:, and
51:, the
1636:Notes
1630:Bashō
1551:above
1520:Kyoto
1488:]
1450:chōka
1442:, 35
1440:tanka
1422:tanka
1418:chōka
1414:Silla
1410:tanka
1406:tanka
1402:chōka
1373:tanka
1366:tanka
1362:chōka
1355:tanka
1351:chōka
1347:tanka
1343:tanka
1339:chōka
1328:]
1317:tanka
1313:chōka
1306:]
1295:tanka
1291:chōka
1280:banka
1276:chōka
1267:banka
1262:tanka
1258:chōka
1253:sōmon
1248:tanka
1244:chōka
1234:tanka
1230:chōka
1217:tanka
1211:chōka
1170:Works
1062:吾此間有跡
931:雲立ち渡れ
777:今日今日と
612:不知等妹之
606:磐根之巻有
574:Izumo
484:]
403:]
319:]
238:Tanba
177:Bashō
2631:ISBN
2575:ISBN
2553:OCLC
2525:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2438:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2374:OCLC
2308:ISBN
1752:kaki
1748:yama
1665:The
1648:The
1628:and
1626:Sōgi
1598:and
1586:and
1468:and
1360:one
1239:zōka
1078:枕に置き
1056:縁来玉乎
915:見乍将偲
912:雲立渡礼
767:貝尓交而
761:吾待君者
628:我をかも
615:待乍将有
557:依羅娘子
543:Nara
502:and
490:and
293:Ason
274:kaki
240:and
183:Life
175:and
173:Sōgi
97:waka
82:waka
2625:'s
2616:at
2304:Ōfū
1605:In
1533:of
1371:14
1264:as
1250:as
1208:18
1072:荒波に
1065:誰将告
1059:枕尓置
1053:荒浪尓
928:石川に
909:石川尓
906:相不勝
903:直相者
873:kai
783:石川の
764:石水之
725:kai
622:鴨山の
609:吾乎鴨
603:鴨山之
291:to
289:Omi
234:Ōmi
228:to
55:is
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2471:.
2436:.
2420:;
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2398:.
2344:.
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2332:;
2328:;
2324:;
2306:.
2279:.
2187:^
2163:^
2142:^
2115:^
2096:^
2065:^
2032:^
1931:^
1888:^
1865:^
1782:^
1624:,
1609:,
1566:,
1518:,
1486:ja
1326:ja
1304:ja
1282:.
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560:,
510:,
486:,
482:ja
475:,
471:,
467:,
459:,
451:.
420:.
401:ja
336:.
317:ja
305:,
280:.
236:,
232:,
179:.
171:,
133:.
74:c.
72:–
67:c.
39::
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