161:
38:
356:. The SOFIA Faint Object infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) detected emission bands at a wavelength of 6.1 micrometers that are present in water but not in hydroxyl. The abundance of water on the Moon's surface was inferred to be equivalent to the contents of a 12-ounce bottle of water per cubic meter of lunar soil.
384:
reported measurements of night-side airglow emission in the atmosphere of Venus made with the
Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS) on Venus Express. They attributed emission bands in wavelength ranges of 1.40 - 1.49 micrometers and 2.6 - 3.14 micrometers
363:
probe, which landed on the Moon on 1 December 2020, carried a mineralogical spectrometer that could measure infrared reflectance spectra of lunar rock and regolith. The reflectance spectrum of a rock sample at a wavelength of 2.85 micrometers indicated localized water/hydroxyl concentrations as
966:
Stevanus K. Nugroho; Hajime
Kawahara; Neale P. Gibson; Ernst J. W. de Mooij; Teruyuki Hirano; Takayuki Kotani; Yui Kawashima; Kento Masuda; Matteo Brogi; Jayne L. Birkby; Chris A. Watson; Motohide Tamura; Konstanze Zwintz; Hiroki Harakawa; Tomoyuki Kudo; Masayuki Kuzuhara; Klaus Hodapp; Masato
930:
Clancy RT, Sandor BJ, García-Muñoz A, Lefèvre F, Smith MD, Wolff MJ, Montmessin F, Murchie SL, Nair H (2013). "First detection of Mars atmospheric hydroxyl: CRISM Near-IR measurement versus LMD GCM simulation of OH Meinel band emission in the Mars polar winter atmosphere".
294:, that is produced by radiative transitions of atoms and molecules. Among the most intense such features observed in the Earth's night sky is a group of infrared transitions at wavelengths between 700 nanometers and 900 nanometers. In 1950,
264:
Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and undergo chemical reactions that make them short-lived. When biological systems are exposed to hydroxyl radicals, they can cause damage to cells, including those in humans, where they can react with
538:"Literature review of the role of hydroxyl radicals in chemically-induced mutagenicity and carcinogenicity for the risk assessment of a disinfection system utilizing photolysis of hydrogen peroxide"
879:
Piccioni, G.; Drossart, P.; Zasova, L.; Migliorini, A.; Gérard, J.-C.; Mills, F. P.; Shakun, A.; García Muñoz, A.; Ignatiev, N.; Grassi, D.; Cottini, V.; Taylor, F. W.; Erard, S. (2008-04-01).
394:
133:
353:
329:
detected an infrared absorption at a wavelength of 3.0 micrometers that only water or hydroxyl—a hydrogen and an oxygen bound together—could have created."
1123:
179:
due to a large difference between the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) and that of hydrogen (2.1). Hydroxy-containing compounds engage in intermolecular
751:
Honniball CI, Lucey PG, Li S, Shenoy S, Orlando TM, Hibbitts CA, Hurley DM, Farrell WM (2020). "Molecular water detected on the sunlit Moon by SOFIA".
2042:
722:
967:
Ishizuka; Shane
Jacobson; Mihoko Konishi; Takashi Kurokawa; Jun Nishikawa; Masashi Omiya; Takuma Serizawa; Akitoshi Ueda; Sébastien Vievard (2021).
187:. Organic compounds, which are often poorly soluble in water, become water-soluble when they contain two or more hydroxy groups, as illustrated by
2047:
504:
183:
increasing the electrostatic attraction between molecules and thus to higher boiling and melting points than found for compounds that lack this
49:
or other organic moiety, the red and grey spheres represent oxygen and hydrogen atoms respectively, and the rod-like connections between these,
969:"First Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Emission from an Exoplanet Atmosphere: High-dispersion Characterization of {WASP}-33b Using Subaru/{IRD}"
1087:
700:
681:
819:
Lin H, Li S, Xu R, Liu Y, Wu X, Yang W, Wei Y, Lin Y, He Z, Hui H, He K, Hu S, Zhang C, Li C, Lv G, Yuan L, Zou Y, Wang C (2022).
634:
210:
Hydroxy groups participate in the dehydration reactions that link simple biological molecules into long chains. The joining of a
1116:
409:
was found in its emission spectrum at wavelengths between 1 and 2 micrometers. Evidence for OH in the atmosphere of exoplanet
795:
1946:
203:
The hydroxy group is pervasive in chemistry and biochemistry. Many inorganic compounds contain hydroxyl groups, including
385:
to vibrational transitions of OH. This was the first evidence for OH in the atmosphere of any planet other than Earth's.
393:
In 2013, OH near-infrared spectra were observed in the night glow in the polar winter atmosphere of Mars by use of the
2075:
1519:
1109:
1556:
536:
Kanno, Taro; Nakamura, Keisuke; Ikai, Hiroyo; Kikuchi, Katsushi; Sasaki, Keiichi; Niwano, Yoshimi (July 2012).
2029:
1929:
730:
2036:
1924:
519:
348:
reported definitive evidence of water on the sunlit surface of the Moon, in the vicinity of the crater
2005:
1450:
1034:
940:
832:
760:
661:
608:
2080:
1311:
119:
968:
1052:
1024:
993:
776:
696:
626:
422:
314:
1011:
R. Landman; A. Sánchez-López; P. Mollière; A. Y. Kesseli; A. J. Louca; I. A. G. Snellen (2021).
2070:
1995:
1965:
1723:
1345:
1083:
912:
858:
577:
559:
318:
160:
96:
649:
1700:
1194:
1132:
1042:
1038:
983:
948:
902:
892:
848:
840:
768:
671:
618:
567:
549:
477:
259:
184:
172:
126:
77:
73:
42:
31:
1919:
1678:
1673:
1656:
1639:
1440:
1189:
219:
104:
944:
836:
764:
666:
613:
1990:
1985:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1644:
1611:
1395:
1377:
1367:
874:
872:
853:
820:
572:
537:
2064:
2010:
1958:
1889:
1775:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1745:
1695:
1690:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1445:
1400:
1362:
1350:
1321:
1199:
1056:
997:
780:
630:
596:
449:
425:
and it is likely that any water in their atmospheres is present as dissociated ions.
373:
307:
204:
180:
176:
164:
88:
53:
1941:
1828:
1823:
1800:
1551:
1390:
1316:
1253:
1248:
1226:
1182:
1167:
1157:
326:
239:
227:
1047:
1012:
897:
880:
360:
30:
This article is about the hydroxy functional group. For the
Hydroxyl radical, see
1075:
952:
2000:
1953:
1914:
1795:
1683:
1668:
1663:
1651:
1216:
1211:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1140:
338:
295:
46:
988:
772:
1909:
1900:
1780:
1735:
1631:
1596:
1586:
1526:
1462:
1385:
1333:
243:
211:
192:
1082:. Vol. Unit 1 (9th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
916:
563:
1876:
1790:
1755:
1740:
1728:
1571:
1546:
1355:
482:
434:
115:
61:
862:
844:
581:
222:
removes the −OH from the carboxy end of the fatty acid. The joining of two
1884:
1838:
1805:
1501:
1407:
1281:
1236:
1221:
418:
414:
410:
406:
321:
each detected evidence of water by evidence of hydroxyl fragments on the
231:
215:
100:
92:
50:
554:
512:
Ludwig
Maximilians Universität München Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie
469:
17:
1846:
1770:
1621:
1616:
1581:
1566:
1561:
1531:
1514:
1338:
1265:
1231:
622:
349:
291:
274:
247:
37:
907:
1934:
1866:
1710:
1419:
1412:
1306:
1287:
1276:
1260:
1206:
380:
science data from April 2006 until
December 2014. In 2008, Piccioni,
334:
223:
84:
1101:
1074:
Reece J, Urry L, Cain M, Wasserman S, Minorsky P, Jackson R (2011).
405:
In 2021, evidence for OH in the dayside atmosphere of the exoplanet
207:, the chemical compound produced on the largest scale industrially.
1029:
676:
1815:
1785:
1718:
1576:
1541:
1536:
1509:
1457:
1424:
1328:
1152:
444:
377:
270:
235:
188:
159:
108:
36:
298:
showed that these were transitions of the hydroxyl molecule, OH.
1243:
821:"In situ detection of water on the Moon by the Chang'E-5 lander"
799:
726:
345:
330:
322:
311:
107:
contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged
1105:
439:
290:
The Earth's night sky is illuminated by diffuse light, called
266:
175:, and many other hydroxy-containing compounds can be readily
250:
removes the −OH from the carboxy group of one amino acid.
881:"First detection of hydroxyl in the atmosphere of Venus"
796:"NASA's SOFIA Discovers Water on Sunlit Surface of Moon"
354:
Stratospheric
Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
650:"OH Emission Bands in the Spectrum of the Night Sky. I"
341:
emission spectrum consistent with hydroxyl presence.
395:
312:
1978:
1898:
1875:
1837:
1814:
1709:
1630:
1500:
1477:
1433:
1376:
1299:
1274:
1139:
1013:"Detection of OH in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b"
542:Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
230:removes the −OH from the carboxy group at the
1117:
8:
723:"LCROSS Impact Data Indicates Water on Moon"
1497:
1296:
1124:
1110:
1102:
1078:. In Berge S, Golden B, Triglia L (eds.).
1046:
1028:
987:
906:
896:
852:
675:
665:
612:
571:
553:
481:
129:, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.
461:
7:
794:Chou F, Hawkes A (26 October 2020).
697:"A Whiff of Water Found on the Moon"
45:hydroxy group, where R represents a
144:) only, while the functional group
684:from the original on Oct 24, 2022.
325:. As reported by Richard Kerr, "A
25:
637:from the original on Oct 5, 2023.
703:from the original on Dec 8, 2023
140:refers to the hydroxyl radical (
364:high as 180 parts per million.
333:also reported in 2009 that the
1:
976:Astrophysical Journal Letters
695:Kerr RA (24 September 2009).
597:"Night airglow phenomenology"
595:Silverman SM (October 1970).
505:"Research Report 2012 – 2013"
413:was subsequently found. Both
953:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.05.035
891:(3). EDP Sciences: L29–L33.
885:Astronomy & Astrophysics
476:. IUPAC. February 24, 2014.
167:contains two hydroxy groups.
1048:10.1051/0004-6361/202141696
898:10.1051/0004-6361:200809761
721:Dino J (13 November 2009).
2097:
1017:Astronomy and Astrophysics
773:10.1038/s41550-020-01222-x
257:
29:
2019:
989:10.3847/2041-8213/abec71
2030:chemical classification
1039:2021A&A...656A.119L
483:10.1351/goldbook.A00204
845:10.1126/sciadv.abl9174
281:Planetary observations
168:
136:definitions, the term
57:
2037:chemical nomenclature
654:Astrophysical Journal
601:Space Science Reviews
163:
41:Representation of an
40:
344:On 26 October 2020,
286:Airglow of the Earth
238:. The creation of a
83:and composed of one
27:Chemical group (–OH)
1493:not C, H or O)
945:2013Icar..226..272T
837:2022SciA....8.9174L
765:2021NatAs...5..121H
667:1950ApJ...111..555M
614:1970SSRv...11..341S
555:10.3164/jcbn.11-105
368:Atmosphere of Venus
302:Surface of the Moon
1935:Hypervalent iodine
648:Meinel AB (1950).
623:10.1007/BF00241526
423:ultra-hot Jupiters
389:Atmosphere of Mars
376:orbiter collected
352:, obtained by the
337:probe revealed an
315:Cassini spacecraft
310:satellite and the
169:
118:, and the neutral
58:
2076:Functional groups
2058:
2057:
1996:Sulfenyl chloride
1974:
1973:
1473:
1472:
1292:(only C, H and O)
1133:Functional groups
1089:978-0-321-55823-7
1076:"Chapter 4&5"
319:Deep Impact probe
306:In 2009, India's
171:Water, alcohols,
97:organic chemistry
89:covalently bonded
16:(Redirected from
2088:
2025:
1930:Trifluoromethoxy
1498:
1494:
1297:
1293:
1146:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1093:
1080:Campbell Biology
1061:
1060:
1050:
1032:
1008:
1002:
1001:
991:
973:
963:
957:
956:
927:
921:
920:
910:
900:
876:
867:
866:
856:
825:Science Advances
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
791:
785:
784:
753:Nature Astronomy
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
729:. Archived from
718:
712:
711:
709:
708:
692:
686:
685:
679:
669:
645:
639:
638:
616:
592:
586:
585:
575:
557:
533:
527:
526:
524:
518:. Archived from
509:
501:
495:
494:
492:
490:
485:
466:
350:Clavius (crater)
260:Hydroxyl radical
254:Hydroxyl radical
185:functional group
181:hydrogen bonding
173:carboxylic acids
147:
143:
127:hydroxyl radical
124:
113:
105:carboxylic acids
82:
78:chemical formula
74:functional group
43:organic compound
32:Hydroxyl radical
21:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2023:
2015:
1970:
1925:Trichloromethyl
1920:Trifluoromethyl
1894:
1871:
1833:
1810:
1705:
1674:Phosphine oxide
1626:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1429:
1372:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1130:
1100:
1090:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1010:
1009:
1005:
971:
965:
964:
960:
929:
928:
924:
878:
877:
870:
831:(1): eabl9174.
818:
817:
813:
804:
802:
793:
792:
788:
750:
749:
745:
736:
734:
720:
719:
715:
706:
704:
694:
693:
689:
647:
646:
642:
594:
593:
589:
535:
534:
530:
525:on Dec 7, 2022.
522:
507:
503:
502:
498:
488:
486:
468:
467:
463:
458:
431:
403:
391:
370:
304:
288:
283:
262:
256:
224:aldehyde sugars
220:triacylglycerol
201:
158:
145:
141:
125:, known as the
122:
111:
80:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2011:Sulfinylamines
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Phosphoramides
1988:
1986:Isothiocyanate
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1862:Selenenic acid
1859:
1857:Seleninic acid
1854:
1852:Selenonic acid
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:Phosphodiester
1636:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1491:(one element,
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1368:Methylenedioxy
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1294:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1145:(only C and H)
1137:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1098:External links
1096:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1003:
958:
939:(1): 272–281.
922:
868:
811:
786:
759:(2): 121–127.
743:
713:
687:
677:10.1086/145296
640:
587:
528:
496:
460:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
430:
427:
402:
399:
390:
387:
369:
366:
303:
300:
287:
284:
282:
279:
258:Main article:
255:
252:
200:
197:
157:
154:
70:hydroxyl group
54:chemical bonds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2093:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1890:Telluroketone
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Sulfonic acid
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Sulfinic acid
1764:
1762:
1761:Thiosulfonate
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Thiosulfinate
1749:
1747:
1746:Sulfenic acid
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1701:Phosphaallene
1699:
1697:
1696:Phosphaalkyne
1694:
1692:
1691:Phosphaalkene
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1476:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
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1444:
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1379:
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1369:
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1364:
1363:Ethylenedioxy
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
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1347:
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1332:
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1298:
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1018:
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1007:
1004:
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950:
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869:
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834:
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826:
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790:
787:
782:
778:
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770:
766:
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744:
733:on 2009-11-15
732:
728:
724:
717:
714:
702:
698:
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683:
678:
673:
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663:
659:
655:
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644:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
610:
607:(2): 341–79.
606:
602:
598:
591:
588:
583:
579:
574:
569:
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547:
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521:
517:
513:
506:
500:
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484:
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462:
455:
451:
450:Hydroxylation
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
400:
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374:Venus Express
367:
365:
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357:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:
309:
308:Chandrayaan-1
301:
299:
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293:
285:
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268:
261:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
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217:
213:
208:
206:
205:sulfuric acid
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
165:Sulfuric acid
162:
155:
153:
151:
150:hydroxy group
139:
135:
132:According to
130:
128:
121:
117:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
55:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2035:
2028:
1942:Vinyl halide
1899:
1829:Borinic acid
1824:Boronic acid
1801:Thioxanthate
1141:Hydrocarbons
1079:
1020:
1016:
1006:
979:
975:
961:
936:
932:
925:
888:
884:
828:
824:
814:
803:. Retrieved
789:
756:
752:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
716:
705:. Retrieved
690:
657:
653:
643:
604:
600:
590:
545:
541:
531:
520:the original
515:
511:
499:
487:. Retrieved
473:
464:
404:
392:
381:
371:
358:
343:
327:spectrometer
305:
289:
263:
242:to link two
240:peptide bond
228:disaccharide
209:
202:
177:deprotonated
170:
149:
148:is called a
137:
131:
69:
65:
59:
2006:Thiocyanate
2001:Sulfonamide
1966:Perchlorate
1954:Acyl halide
1915:Fluoroethyl
1796:Thionoester
1684:Phosphonium
1669:Phosphinate
1664:Phosphonous
1652:Phosphonate
1351:Hydroperoxy
1173:Cyclopropyl
1023:(1): A119.
699:. Science.
660:: 555–564.
548:(1): 9–14.
339:ultraviolet
296:Aden Meinel
244:amino acids
234:end of one
47:hydrocarbon
2081:Hydroxides
2065:Categories
1910:Haloalkane
1781:Thioketone
1736:Persulfide
1632:Phosphorus
1597:Isocyanate
1587:Isonitrile
1488:or oxygen
1486:hydrogen,
1482:not being
1463:Orthoester
1356:Dioxiranes
1334:Enol ether
1222:1-Propenyl
1030:2110.11946
908:1885/35639
805:2020-10-26
737:2009-11-14
707:2016-06-01
470:"Alcohols"
456:References
401:Exoplanets
246:to make a
226:to form a
218:to form a
212:fatty acid
199:Occurrence
193:amino acid
156:Properties
2043:inorganic
1877:Tellurium
1791:Thioester
1756:Sulfoxide
1741:Disulfide
1729:Sulfonium
1679:Phosphine
1657:Phosphite
1640:Phosphate
1572:Carbamate
1547:Hydrazone
1480:element,
1478:Only one
1451:Anhydride
1190:Methylene
1057:239616465
998:232110452
982:(1): L9.
917:0004-6361
781:228954129
631:120677542
564:0912-0009
474:Gold Book
435:Hydronium
397:(CRISM).
361:Chang'e 5
116:hydroxide
114:, called
95:atom. In
76:with the
62:chemistry
2071:Alcohols
2024:See also
1959:Chloride
1885:Tellurol
1839:Selenium
1806:Xanthate
1520:Ammonium
1502:Nitrogen
1484:carbon,
1441:Carboxyl
1408:Aldehyde
1396:Acryloyl
1378:carbonyl
1282:hydrogen
1237:Cumulene
863:34995111
701:Archived
682:Archived
635:Archived
582:22798706
489:23 March
429:See also
419:WASP-76b
415:WASP-33b
411:WASP-76b
407:WASP-33b
275:proteins
232:aldehyde
216:glycerol
142:·OH
138:hydroxyl
123:HO·
101:alcohols
93:hydrogen
51:covalent
18:Hydroxyl
2048:organic
1847:Selenol
1771:Sulfone
1724:Sulfide
1622:NONOate
1617:Nitroso
1607:Nitrite
1602:Nitrate
1592:Cyanate
1582:Nitrile
1567:Amidine
1562:Imidate
1532:Nitrene
1527:Hydrazo
1515:Enamine
1446:Acetoxy
1434:carboxy
1401:Benzoyl
1339:Epoxide
1322:Methoxy
1312:Alcohol
1266:Carbene
1200:Methine
1068:Further
1035:Bibcode
941:Bibcode
854:8741181
833:Bibcode
761:Bibcode
662:Bibcode
609:Bibcode
573:3391867
292:airglow
248:protein
120:radical
91:to one
66:hydroxy
1947:Iodide
1867:Selone
1711:Sulfur
1420:Ketone
1413:Ketene
1391:Acetyl
1346:Peroxy
1317:Alkoxy
1307:Acetal
1288:oxygen
1277:carbon
1261:Alkyne
1254:Benzyl
1249:Phenyl
1232:Allene
1227:Crotyl
1207:Alkene
1195:Bridge
1183:Pentyl
1168:Propyl
1158:Methyl
1086:
1055:
996:
933:Icarus
915:
861:
851:
779:
629:
580:
570:
562:
382:et al.
335:LCROSS
273:, and
271:lipids
189:sugars
85:oxygen
1979:Other
1816:Boron
1786:Thial
1719:Thiol
1612:Nitro
1577:Imide
1557:Amide
1542:Oxime
1537:Imine
1510:Amine
1458:Ester
1425:Ynone
1329:Ether
1300:R-O-R
1275:Only
1217:Allyl
1212:Vinyl
1178:Butyl
1163:Ethyl
1153:Alkyl
1053:S2CID
1025:arXiv
994:S2CID
972:(PDF)
777:S2CID
627:S2CID
523:(PDF)
508:(PDF)
445:Oxide
378:Venus
236:sugar
134:IUPAC
109:anion
87:atom
72:is a
1901:Halo
1386:Acyl
1286:and
1244:Aryl
1084:ISBN
913:ISSN
859:PMID
800:NASA
727:NASA
578:PMID
560:ISSN
491:2015
421:are
417:and
372:The
359:The
346:NASA
331:NASA
323:Moon
317:and
191:and
103:and
64:, a
1552:Azo
1043:doi
1021:656
984:doi
980:910
949:doi
937:226
903:hdl
893:doi
889:483
849:PMC
841:doi
769:doi
672:doi
658:111
619:doi
568:PMC
550:doi
478:doi
440:Ion
267:DNA
214:to
146:−OH
81:−OH
68:or
60:In
2067::
1284:,
1279:,
1051:.
1041:.
1033:.
1019:.
1015:.
992:.
978:.
974:.
947:.
935:.
911:.
901:.
887:.
883:.
871:^
857:.
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827:.
823:.
798:.
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767:.
755:.
725:.
680:.
670:.
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652:.
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605:11
603:.
599:.
576:.
566:.
558:.
546:51
544:.
540:.
516:12
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510:.
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277:.
269:,
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112:HO
99:,
1125:e
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1111:v
1092:.
1059:.
1045::
1037::
1027::
1000:.
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955:.
951::
943::
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895::
865:.
843::
835::
829:8
808:.
783:.
771::
763::
757:5
740:.
710:.
674::
664::
621::
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552::
493:.
480::
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34:.
20:)
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