4067:
5964:
5210:
657:
5234:
5222:
1377:. These erroneous beliefs led to various abusive practices, such as isolating them from their friends and family, or leaving severely ill women to lie in the vomit when they were too weak to clean themselves, which have since been condemned by healthcare professionals and medical organizations such as the College of French Gynecologists and Obstetricians. The
1268:
Vomiting is a common condition affecting about 50% of pregnant women, with another 25% having nausea. However, the incidence of HG is only 0.3–1.5%. After preterm labor, hyperemesis gravidarum is the second most common reason for hospital admission during the first half of pregnancy. Factors such as
597:
In contrast, infants of women with hyperemesis who have a pregnancy weight gain of more than 7 kilograms (15 lb) appear similar to infants from uncomplicated pregnancies. There is no significant difference in the neonatal death rate in infants born to mothers with HG compared to infants born to
1115:
After IV rehydration is completed, patients typically begin to tolerate frequent small liquid or bland meals. After rehydration, treatment focuses on managing symptoms to allow normal intake of food. However, cycles of hydration and dehydration can occur, making continuing care necessary. Home care
621:(β-hCG). This theory would also explain why hyperemesis gravidarum is most frequently encountered in the first trimester (often around 8–12 weeks of gestation), as β-hCG levels are highest at that time and decline afterward. Another postulated cause of HG is an increase in maternal levels of
644:
are associated with HG. The validation of a second risk variant, rs1054221, provides further support for GDF15's role in the etiology of HG. Additionally, maternal genes appear to play a more significant role than paternal DNA in contributing to the severity of NVP."
309:. HG is estimated to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women, although some sources say the figure can be as high as 3%. While previously known as a common cause of death in pregnancy, with proper treatment this is now very rare. Those affected have a lower risk of
1372:
In previous centuries, the cause was unknown, and various false claims were made, such as the severe vomiting being caused by the woman's rejection of femininity, a manifestation of a subconscious desire to terminate the pregnancy, or being an
5272:
3978:
3963:
5076:
3833:
1350:
is often thought to have had hyperemesis gravidarum. She died in 1855 while four months pregnant, having been affected by intractable nausea and vomiting throughout her pregnancy, and was unable to tolerate food or even water.
1152:). With respect to effectiveness, it is unknown if one is superior to another for relieving nausea or vomiting. Limited evidence from published clinical trials suggests the use of medications to treat hyperemesis gravidarum.
1104:. A and B vitamins are depleted within two weeks, so extended malnutrition indicates a need for evaluation and supplementation. In addition, electrolyte levels should be monitored and supplemented; of particular concern are
5265:
1052:
are first-line treatments. Due to the potential for severe dehydration and other complications, HG is treated as an emergency. If conservative dietary measures fail, more extensive treatment such as the use of
3113:
640:, a medical researcher whose interest was kindled by her then-doctor telling her that her severe vomiting was "just a ploy to gain sympathy and attention": "Evidence suggests abnormal levels of the hormone
5258:
5969:
3578:
Poon SL (October 2011). "Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: Best BETs from the
Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 2: Steroid therapy in the treatment of intractable hyperemesis gravidarum".
606:
Though the exact cause of HG is unknown, there are numerous theories. It is thought that HG is caused by a combination of factors, many of which may vary between women, some of which include a
3829:
1848:
3857:"Consensus formalisé d'experts du Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens français : prise en charge des nausées et vomissements gravidiques et de l'hyperémèse gravidique"
1384:
Hyperemesis gravidarum is estimated to cost US$ 3 billion per year for hospitalization costs alone, not including the direct medical costs of additional outpatient medical appointments,
5081:
648:
In a 2023 study, Fejzo further linked GDF15 as cause when present in high levels due to fetal cell production in contrast with the natural low levels which result maternal sensitivity.
235:
Diagnosis is usually made based on the observed signs and symptoms. HG has been technically defined as more than three episodes of vomiting per day such that weight loss of 5% or three
3749:
2497:
2766:
Fejzo M, Rocha N, Cimino I, Lockhart SM, Petry CJ, Kay RG, Burling K, Barker P, George AL, Yasara N, Premawardhena A, Gong S, Cook E, Rimmington D, Rainbow K (13 December 2023).
822:. Criteria for diagnosing HG in a patient generally includes vomiting that results in significant dehydration and weight loss (at least 5% of the patients pre-pregnancy weight).
5523:
1338:, the feminine genitive plural form of an adjective, here used as a noun, meaning "pregnant ". Therefore, hyperemesis gravidarum means "excessive vomiting of pregnant women".
5865:
3109:
442:
and lasts significantly longer than morning sickness. While most women will experience near-complete relief of morning sickness symptoms near the beginning of their
2990:
Bagis T, Gumurdulu Y, Kayaselcuk F, Yilmaz ES, Killicadag E, Tarim E (November 2002). "Endoscopy in hyperemesis gravidarum and
Helicobacter pylori infection".
2691:
2906:
Aka N, Atalay S, Sayharman S, Kiliç D, Köse G, Küçüközkan T (August 2006). "Leptin and leptin receptor levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum".
3255:
1488:
3775:
4056:
1400:
approved six research grants to study hyperemesis gravidarum, with a total of US$ 2.1 million dollars in research funding for all six grants combined (an
5132:
2287:
582:
caused by HG in the mother. Women with severe hyperemesis who gain less than 7 kilograms (15 lb) during pregnancy tend have newborns with lower
5191:
5238:
5114:
3855:
Deruelle P, Sentilhes L, Ghesquière L, Desbrière R, Ducarme G, Attali L, Jarnoux A, Artzner F, Tranchant A, Schmitz T, Sénat MV (November 2022).
1621:
837:
Women experiencing hyperemesis gravidarum often are dehydrated and lose weight despite efforts to eat. Similar to the onset of standard bouts of
5152:
1117:
5503:
5470:
3724:
3230:
2406:
2267:
2083:
2044:
2005:
1966:
1927:
1357:
was hospitalised due to hyperemesis gravidarum during her first pregnancy, and was treated for the same condition during the subsequent two.
3892:
3806:
3236:
2744:
2050:
1972:
1933:
5991:
5086:
3741:
3145:
2466:
2011:
3922:
1176:
may be beneficial, however, there are some concerns regarding an association with cleft palate, and there is little high-quality data.
449:
A small percentage rarely vomit, but the nausea still causes most (if not all) of the same issues that hyperemesis with vomiting does.
5518:
5196:
5921:
5776:
5703:
5398:
5091:
4239:
1256:
products may be helpful, but evidence of effectiveness is limited and inconsistent, though three recent studies support ginger over
984:
2422:
Dodds L, Fell DB, Joseph KS, Allen VM, Butler B (February 2006). "Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum".
446:, some people with HG will experience severe symptoms until they give birth to their baby, and sometimes even after giving birth.
5948:
4424:
3297:"Intradialytic hyperalimentation as adjuvant support in pregnant hemodialysis patients: case report and review of the literature"
1230:) may be necessary in certain cases to help maintain volume requirements and allow weight gain. A physician might also prescribe
1167:
598:
mothers who do not have HG. Children born to mothers with undertreated HG have a fourfold increase in neurobehavioral diagnoses.
305:
While vomiting in pregnancy has been described as early as 2,000 BCE, the first clear medical description of HG was in 1852, by
5569:
5307:
4793:
4616:
4390:
4049:
789:
1771:
Goodwin TM, Montoro M, Mestman JH (September 1992). "Transient hyperthyroidism and hyperemesis gravidarum: clinical aspects".
5450:
4079:
2317:
563:
259:
3088:
3050:
5652:
5174:
5142:
5040:
1397:
5936:
5719:
5564:
5119:
5035:
4373:
1354:
1101:
1070:
618:
486:
476:
5226:
1480:
5732:
4648:
4591:
4155:
1121:
713:
501:
6001:
2675:
5843:
5642:
5616:
5352:
5298:
5214:
5179:
5169:
4209:
4091:
4042:
3277:
3251:
1812:
1185:
764:
401:
5880:
5870:
5788:
5688:
4972:
4842:
4800:
4661:
3771:
2715:"82: Additional risk variant in GDF15 and a stronger maternal genetic influence linked to Hyperemesis Gravidarum"
1679:
Zimmerman CF, Ilstad-Minnihan AB, Bruggeman BS, Bruggeman BJ, Dayton KJ, Joseph N, et al. (2 January 2022).
803:
587:
559:
5406:
5184:
4708:
4524:
4491:
4383:
3993:
2643:
294:
may be used if these are not effective. Hospitalization may be required due to the severe symptoms associated.
2215:
Matthews DC, Syed AA (June 2011). "The role of TSH receptor antibodies in the management of Graves' disease".
1207:
Women not responding to IV rehydration and medication may require nutritional support. Patients might receive
5805:
5727:
5485:
5137:
4991:
4783:
4476:
1184:
is weak; there is some evidence that corticosteroid use in pregnant women may slightly increase the risk of
931:
874:
567:
244:
129:
2283:
1196:
are inactivated in the placenta and may be used in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum after 12 weeks.
1120:(PICC) line for hydration and nutrition. Home treatment is often less expensive and reduces the risk for a
432:
5926:
5900:
5678:
5498:
5493:
5442:
5342:
5050:
4918:
4908:
4773:
4496:
4429:
4404:
4340:
1025:
849:
819:
707:
607:
372:
219:
184:
124:
107:
5250:
2339:
Christodoulou-Smith J, Gold JI, Romero R, Goodwin TM, Macgibbon KW, Mullin PM, Fejzo MS (November 2011).
211:. Symptoms often get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration.
5890:
5885:
5337:
5030:
4832:
4636:
4311:
1133:
1066:
953:
579:
364:
356:
1598:
5895:
5764:
5659:
5480:
5455:
5045:
4996:
4316:
4306:
4234:
4229:
4204:
4189:
4184:
2616:"Physiological and pathological aspects of the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the thyroid"
1208:
1062:
1017:
948:
831:
536:
1728:
Tan JY, Loh KC, Yeo GS, Chee YC (June 2002). "Transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum".
5931:
5875:
5769:
5698:
5683:
5664:
5513:
5327:
4549:
4506:
4471:
4378:
4358:
3982:
3830:"Amy Schumer cancels US tour due to complications from hyperemesis in third trimester of pregnancy"
3714:
1347:
1271:
1085:
1013:
958:
783:
626:
306:
3173:
The
British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
2676:"Her Doctor Said Her Illness Was All in Her Head. This Scientist Was Determined to Find the Truth"
841:, the nausea and vomiting with hyperemesis typically starts between 5 and 6 weeks into pregnancy.
431:
in their environment; certain smells may exacerbate symptoms. Excessive salivation, also known as
214:
The exact causes of hyperemesis gravidarum are unknown. Risk factors include the first pregnancy,
5905:
5860:
5835:
5800:
5647:
5637:
5332:
5147:
4876:
4730:
4501:
4486:
3884:
3856:
3695:
3652:
3603:
3519:
3476:
3374:
3015:
2931:
2866:
2815:
2447:
1895:
1840:
1813:"Treatments for Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review"
1753:
1449:
1385:
1074:
541:
352:
267:
215:
144:
103:
56:
3798:
243:
are present in the urine. Other potential causes of the symptoms should be excluded, including
5996:
5810:
5782:
5742:
5737:
5672:
5546:
5347:
5322:
5290:
4967:
4886:
4810:
4788:
4301:
4219:
4070:
4022:
3876:
3720:
3687:
3644:
3621:
Jaques SC, Kingsbury A, Henshcke P, Chomchai C, Clews S, Falconer J, et al. (June 2014).
3595:
3560:
3511:
3468:
3430:
3366:
3326:
3226:
3220:
3198:
3180:
3141:
3080:
3042:
3007:
2972:
2923:
2884:
2858:
2850:
2807:
2789:
2736:
2714:
2683:
2635:
2596:
2545:
2489:
2439:
2402:
2370:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2232:
2197:
2139:
2079:
2073:
2040:
2034:
2001:
1962:
1956:
1923:
1917:
1887:
1832:
1811:
McParlin C, O'Donnell A, Robson SC, Beyer F, Moloney E, Bryant A, et al. (October 2016).
1788:
1745:
1710:
1658:
1613:
1562:
1441:
1374:
1284:
1227:
1058:
553:
521:
416:
412:
114:
40:
1995:
5693:
5632:
5364:
4529:
4296:
4291:
3914:
3868:
3679:
3634:
3587:
3550:
3503:
3460:
3420:
3412:
3358:
3316:
3308:
3188:
2999:
2962:
2915:
2842:
2797:
2779:
2726:
2627:
2586:
2576:
2535:
2527:
2481:
2431:
2360:
2352:
2224:
2187:
2177:
2131:
1879:
1824:
1780:
1737:
1700:
1692:
1650:
1552:
1542:
1433:
1389:
1216:
1212:
1092:
as persistent vomiting frequently leads to a deficiency. Likewise, supplementation for lost
1049:
838:
630:
443:
424:
395:
279:
223:
208:
49:
1287:, and a history of hyperemesis gravidarum have been associated with the development of HG.
5848:
5815:
5604:
5589:
5369:
5025:
4881:
4745:
4703:
4564:
4539:
4463:
4353:
4335:
4281:
4165:
1401:
1280:
1276:
1141:
1037:
1033:
997:
992:
889:
665:
462:
Failure to treat, or inadequate treatment of HG can lead to one or more of the following:
314:
291:
204:
3451:
Tan PC, Omar SZ (April 2011). "Contemporary approaches to hyperemesis during pregnancy".
3349:
Jarvis S, Nelson-Piercy C (June 2011). "Management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy".
2514:
Zhang Y, Cantor RM, MacGibbon K, Romero R, Goodwin TM, Mullin PM, Fejzo MS (March 2011).
2341:"Posttraumatic stress symptoms following pregnancy complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum"
1298:
was prescribed for treatment of HG in Europe until it was recognized that thalidomide is
2802:
2767:
5943:
5853:
5749:
5609:
5598:
5538:
5416:
5068:
4895:
4871:
4815:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4666:
4544:
4328:
4199:
4145:
3555:
3538:
3425:
3400:
3321:
3296:
3193:
3168:
2591:
2564:
2540:
2515:
2435:
2365:
2340:
2192:
2165:
1705:
1680:
1557:
1530:
1393:
1378:
1315:
1257:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1145:
1137:
717:
614:
531:
526:
481:
389:
283:
275:
248:
160:
133:
4066:
3987:
3003:
1784:
679:
Possible pathophysiological processes involved are summarized in the following table:
92:
Unknown. New research (late 2023) indicates an elevated level of one specific hormone.
5985:
5825:
5795:
5528:
5411:
5106:
5020:
4981:
4957:
4866:
4750:
4683:
4554:
4458:
4419:
4276:
4111:
3888:
3699:
2919:
2870:
2834:
2819:
1899:
1871:
1844:
1741:
911:
758:
731:
637:
591:
295:
240:
3656:
3523:
3480:
3378:
3225:(7th ed.). Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 265–8.
3019:
2935:
2451:
2135:
1757:
1453:
5820:
5754:
4935:
4930:
4671:
4571:
4516:
4244:
4123:
4118:
3607:
3416:
1252:(both with P6 and traditional method) has been found to be ineffective. The use of
1193:
1149:
926:
916:
906:
745:
668:
of HG is unclear, one of the most commonly accepted theory suggests that levels of
583:
516:
506:
491:
471:
385:
347:
2309:
3998:
3670:
Niebyl JR (October 2010). "Clinical practice. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy".
3507:
3464:
2485:
2467:"Neurodevelopmental delay in children exposed in utero to hyperemesis gravidarum"
2356:
5759:
5508:
5460:
5393:
5374:
5359:
4925:
4861:
4698:
4641:
4581:
4576:
4414:
4363:
4224:
4034:
4017:
3591:
1361:
1299:
1295:
1249:
1173:
1089:
921:
339:
334:
310:
299:
287:
200:
196:
97:
73:
69:
3872:
3072:
3034:
2846:
2784:
2731:
2631:
2531:
2228:
1883:
1696:
656:
610:. Women with family members who had HG are more likely to develop the disease.
5379:
5286:
5077:
The
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
4323:
4263:
4194:
3972:
3494:
Tamay AG, Kuşçu NK (November 2011). "Hyperemesis gravidarum: current aspect".
3312:
3280:(March 2003). "4.6 Drugs used in nausea and vertigo – Vomiting of pregnancy".
2949:
Verberg MF, Gillott DJ, Al-Fardan N, Grudzinskas JG (September–October 2005).
1654:
1303:
1238:
1231:
1220:
1163:
1156:
1054:
1029:
1021:
972:
884:
823:
636:
In 2020, another possible cause of HG was published by a research team led by
381:
271:
255:
156:
151:
45:
3184:
2854:
2793:
2740:
2687:
2182:
1437:
617:
to the hormonal changes of pregnancy, in particular, elevated levels of beta
5423:
5282:
4713:
4586:
4446:
4436:
4271:
4249:
4176:
2967:
2950:
2581:
1828:
1199:
Medicinal cannabis has been used to treat pregnancy-associated hyperemesis.
1109:
879:
827:
549:
439:
3880:
3691:
3648:
3599:
3564:
3515:
3472:
3434:
3370:
3330:
3084:
3046:
3011:
2976:
2927:
2862:
2811:
2639:
2600:
2549:
2493:
2443:
2374:
2236:
2201:
2164:
Ahmed KT, Almashhrawi AA, Rahman RN, Hammoud GM, Ibdah JA (November 2013).
2143:
1891:
1836:
1749:
1714:
1662:
1617:
1566:
1547:
1445:
17:
3683:
3202:
1792:
5317:
5096:
4913:
4827:
4805:
4725:
4626:
4534:
4441:
4368:
4286:
4106:
2122:
Summers A (July 2012). "Emergency management of hyperemesis gravidarum".
1326:
1093:
740:
696:
669:
622:
511:
318:
263:
236:
192:
65:
3639:
3622:
2908:
The
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
2835:"Extreme morning sickness? Scientists finally pinpoint a possible cause"
2465:
Fejzo MS, Magtira A, Schoenberg FP, Macgibbon K, Mullin PM (June 2015).
1872:"Extreme morning sickness? Scientists finally pinpoint a possible cause"
5622:
5015:
4986:
4962:
4944:
4740:
4720:
2768:"GDF15 linked to maternal risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy"
1132:
A number of antiemetics are effective and safe in pregnancy including:
496:
343:
3955:
3446:
3444:
3362:
3110:"Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Severe Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy)"
228:
indicated a link between HG and abnormally high levels of the hormone
5626:
4853:
4735:
4559:
4481:
4140:
4135:
4130:
3967:
2620:
Best
Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
1674:
1672:
1253:
1105:
834:, all of which could indicate HG or prompt an alternative diagnosis.
673:
466:
408:
188:
61:
2615:
2474:
European
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
1219:). There is only limited evidence from trials to support the use of
1180:
is also used and relatively well tolerated. Evidence for the use of
3623:"Cannabis, the pregnant woman and her child: weeding out the myths"
2885:"Hyperemesis: Scientists make pregnancy sickness cure breakthrough"
5585:
5556:
5389:
4150:
4101:
1330:
1211:(intravenous feeding via a PICC line) or enteral nutrition (via a
868:(usually accompanied by fever or associated neurological symptoms)
641:
229:
3539:"Motherisk update. Is ondansetron safe for use during pregnancy?"
1396:
such as lost work. In the 15 years between 2007 and 2023, the US
1364:
cancelled the remainder of a tour due to hyperemesis gravidarum.
826:
is usually performed and blood samples may be taken to check for
4820:
3719:(5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 124.
3399:
Matthews A, Haas DM, O'Mathúna DP, Dowswell T (September 2015).
1188:
in the infant and may suppress fetal adrenal activity. However,
438:
Hyperemesis gravidarum tends to occur in the first trimester of
428:
420:
5254:
4038:
4631:
106:, obesity, prior or family history of hyperemesis gravidarum,
3169:"A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy"
232:, as well as increased sensitivity to that specific hormone.
5524:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
3799:"Read the press release in full ↓pic.twitter.com/vDTgGD2aGF"
2713:
Mullin P, MacGibbon K, Morgan Z, Fejzo M (1 January 2020).
2166:"Liver diseases in pregnancy: diseases unique to pregnancy"
3401:"Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy"
2310:"Hyperemesis gravidarum: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
3295:
Tuot D, Gibson S, Caughey AB, Frassetto LA (March 2010).
1531:"Managing hyperemesis gravidarum: a multimodal challenge"
1065:
may be needed. For women who require hospital admission,
770:
Increased levels of sex steroids in hepatic portal system
329:
When vomiting is severe, it may result in the following:
5082:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
1036:
may be needed to know gestational status and to exclude
676:, a hormone that inhibits hunger, may also play a role.
2565:"Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules"
1641:
Goodwin TM (September 2008). "Hyperemesis gravidarum".
1124:
compared with long-term or repeated hospitalizations.
2345:
The
Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
1806:
1804:
1802:
3945:
1061:
may be required. If oral nutrition is insufficient,
5914:
5834:
5718:
5582:
5555:
5537:
5479:
5441:
5432:
5388:
5306:
5297:
5161:
5105:
5067:
5058:
5007:
4852:
4841:
4772:
4763:
4615:
4606:
4515:
4457:
4403:
4262:
4175:
4164:
4090:
4077:
4008:
3949:
3167:Gadsby R, Barnie-Adshead AM, Jagger C (June 1993).
2992:
International
Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
2039:. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. p. 320.
1958:
Nausea and
Vomiting : Mechanisms and Treatment
1599:"Hyperemesis gravidarum--assessment and management"
1381:is grassroots network of HG survivors and experts.
166:
150:
139:
123:
113:
96:
88:
80:
55:
39:
34:
2251:
1643:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
1529:Jueckstock JK, Kaestner R, Mylonas I (July 2010).
207:may also occur. It is considered more severe than
5866:Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
3861:Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie
2000:. Cambridge University Press. p. Chapter 6.
1075:measures to prevent the formation of a blood clot
578:The effects of HG on the fetus are mainly due to
266:, and a higher protein diet. Some people require
3254:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
2516:"Familial aggregation of hyperemesis gravidarum"
1922:(6th ed.). Elsevier/Saunders. p. 117.
1919:Obstetrics : normal and problem pregnancies
1681:"Thyroid Storm Caused by Hyperemesis Gravidarum"
1226:to improve outcome. An oversupply of nutrition (
1170:, some have questioned its effectiveness in HG.
570:of HG, and emotional support can be beneficial.
435:, is another symptom experienced by some women.
427:. Many women with HG are extremely sensitive to
3716:Cherry and Merkatz's complications of pregnancy
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3079:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
3041:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2719:American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
1997:Early Pregnancy Issues for the MRCOG and Beyond
1404:of $ 350,000 per grant or $ 140,000 per year).
84:Often gets better but may last entire pregnancy
3453:Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
1155:While pyridoxine/doxylamine, a combination of
218:, obesity, prior or family history of HG, and
5266:
4050:
2951:"Hyperemesis gravidarum, a literature review"
2520:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
2117:
2115:
2078:(1st ed.). Elsevier Mosby. p. 538.
1773:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
1636:
1634:
945:Thyrotoxicosis (common in Asian subcontinent)
8:
2250:Carlson KJ, Eisenstat SJ, Ziporyn T (2004).
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
3405:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1333:
1237:(to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy) and
1100:) must be considered to reduce the risk of
1032:levels, which are usually raised in HG. An
5438:
5303:
5273:
5259:
5251:
5133:International Center for Research on Women
5064:
4849:
4769:
4612:
4172:
4087:
4057:
4043:
4035:
3946:
3772:"Prince William, Kate expecting 2nd child"
3344:
3342:
3340:
3214:
3212:
3135:
3133:
3131:
2075:Ferri's clinical advisor 2013 5 books in 1
1911:
1909:
1419:
1417:
1283:prior to pregnancy, multiple pregnancies,
31:
3638:
3554:
3424:
3320:
3192:
2966:
2801:
2783:
2730:
2590:
2580:
2539:
2364:
2191:
2181:
1704:
1556:
1546:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
254:Treatment includes drinking fluids and a
2401:. Informa Healthcare. pp. 149–154.
1424:"Management of hyperemesis gravidarum".
854:
681:
655:
317:. Some pregnant women choose to have an
3239:from the original on 11 September 2017.
2254:The New Harvard Guide to Women's Health
1413:
1028:. Hematological investigations include
900:(usually accompanied by abdominal pain)
818:Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered a
799:Increased steroid levels in circulation
3797:Kensington Palace (4 September 2017).
2569:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
1118:peripherally inserted central catheter
290:(sold under the brand-name Zofran) or
5504:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
5471:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
3809:from the original on 4 September 2017
3778:from the original on 8 September 2014
3496:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
3116:from the original on 15 December 2012
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2290:from the original on 30 November 2012
2258:. Harvard University Press. pp.
2217:European Journal of Internal Medicine
1491:from the original on 10 December 2015
222:. A December 2023 study published in
7:
5570:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
5221:
5115:Office of Research on Women's Health
3752:from the original on 6 December 2012
3301:International Urology and Nephrology
3258:from the original on 29 October 2013
3148:from the original on 27 January 2013
2747:from the original on 18 January 2023
333:Loss of 5% or more of pre-pregnancy
5233:
5153:Society for Women's Health Research
5087:International Day of the Girl Child
3915:"About Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG)"
3836:from the original on 28 August 2021
3672:The New England Journal of Medicine
2397:Bourne TH, Condous G, eds. (2006).
2284:"Do I Have Morning Sickness or HG?"
1314:Hyperemesis gravidarum is from the
298:may improve outcomes. Evidence for
5519:Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy
5197:Birth control in the United States
2694:from the original on 21 March 2023
2503:from the original on 4 March 2016.
2436:10.1097/01.AOG.0000195060.22832.cd
2036:Handbook of home nutrition support
1088:often includes supplementation of
985:Gestational trophoblastic diseases
25:
5777:Pain management during childbirth
5704:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
5092:Commission on the Status of Women
4102:External female genitalia (vulva)
3895:from the original on 27 June 2023
3742:"What is acute morning sickness?"
3250:Office on Women's Health (2010).
3144:. National Institutes of Health.
3091:from the original on 26 July 2023
3053:from the original on 26 July 2023
2646:from the original on 8 March 2021
2320:from the original on 4 March 2021
2170:World Journal of Gastroenterology
2053:from the original on 26 July 2023
2014:from the original on 26 July 2023
1975:from the original on 26 July 2023
1936:from the original on 26 July 2023
1851:from the original on 26 July 2023
1627:from the original on 6 June 2014.
5963:
5962:
5949:Sexual activity during pregnancy
5232:
5220:
5209:
5208:
4425:Assisted reproductive technology
4065:
3925:from the original on 17 May 2023
2920:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00590.x
2399:Handbook of early pregnancy care
1742:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01223.x
1168:nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
187:that is characterized by severe
4391:Breastfeeding and mental health
3828:Southern K (23 February 2019).
2136:10.7748/en2012.07.20.4.24.c9206
1063:intravenous nutritional support
790:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
590:. They also tend to give birth
270:. With respect to medications,
5451:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
3417:10.1002/14651858.CD007575.pub4
1432:(11): 126–129. November 2013.
1426:Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin
1116:is available in the form of a
1012:Common investigations include
830:, electrolyte imbalances, and
564:post-traumatic stress disorder
407:Symptoms can be aggravated by
260:electrolyte-replacement drinks
258:. Recommendations may include
1:
5653:Prelabor rupture of membranes
5041:Social determinants of health
3071:Jennings LK, Mahdy H (2023),
3033:Jennings LK, Mahdy H (2023),
3004:10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00230-8
1785:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91565-8
1398:National Institutes of Health
633:leading to nausea/vomiting).
419:(especially those containing
384:imbalances such as metabolic
143:Drinking fluids, bland diet,
5932:Systemic lupus erythematosus
5583:Maternal care related to the
5565:Gestational thrombocytopenia
5036:Gender disparities in health
4374:Mother-to-child transmission
3508:10.3109/01443615.2011.611918
3465:10.1097/GCO.0b013e328342d208
2674:Callahan A (14 March 2023).
2486:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.03.028
2357:10.3109/14767058.2011.582904
1597:Sheehan P (September 2007).
1355:Catherine, Princess of Wales
1071:low-molecular-weight heparin
1057:medications and intravenous
1040:or partial molar pregnancy.
619:human chorionic gonadotropin
487:central pontine myelinolysis
5733:Cephalopelvic disproportion
4649:Pelvic inflammatory disease
4592:Hormone replacement therapy
4156:Reproductive system disease
3592:10.1136/emermed-2011-200636
2833:Wong C (13 December 2023).
1870:Wong C (13 December 2023).
1606:Australian Family Physician
1122:hospital-acquired infection
987:(rule out with urine β-hCG)
898:Gastrointestinal disorders
588:smaller for gestational age
6018:
5992:Health issues in pregnancy
5844:Breastfeeding difficulties
5643:Constriction ring syndrome
5617:Braxton Hicks contractions
5143:Black Women's Health Study
4210:Complications of pregnancy
3873:10.1016/j.gofs.2022.09.002
3740:McSweeny L (3 June 2010).
3580:Emergency Medicine Journal
3278:British National Formulary
3112:. Cleveland Clinic. 2012.
2847:10.1038/d41586-023-03982-8
2785:10.1038/s41586-023-06921-9
2732:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.098
2632:10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.010
2532:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.09.018
2229:10.1016/j.ejim.2011.02.006
1884:10.1038/d41586-023-03982-8
1697:10.1016/j.aace.2021.12.005
1685:AACE Clinical Case Reports
1375:attention-seeking behavior
1186:cleft lip and cleft palate
1086:Intravenous (IV) hydration
765:lower esophageal sphincter
402:activities of daily living
5957:
5881:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
5871:Pubic symphysis diastasis
5204:
5120:Women's Health Initiative
4973:Major depressive disorder
4801:Intimate partner violence
4662:Female genital mutilation
4657:
4349:
3543:Canadian Family Physician
3313:10.1007/s11255-009-9671-5
3252:"Pregnancy Complications"
2955:Human Reproduction Update
2614:Hershman JM (June 2004).
2424:Obstetrics and Gynecology
1961:. Springer. p. 152.
1655:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.04.002
1321:, meaning excessive, and
1279:production, low age, low
1102:Wernicke's encephalopathy
850:Diagnoses to be ruled out
804:lower esophagal sphincter
592:before 37 weeks gestation
477:Wernicke's encephalopathy
5407:Gestational hypertension
4709:Gynaecological disorders
4525:Culture and menstruation
4492:Contraceptive prevalence
4384:Compulsory sterilization
3537:Koren G (October 2012).
3142:"Hyperemesis gravidarum"
3073:"Hyperemesis Gravidarum"
3035:"Hyperemesis Gravidarum"
2183:10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7639
1485:Office on Women's Health
1438:10.1136/dtb.2013.11.0215
1067:thromboembolic stockings
1016:(BUN) and electrolytes,
672:are associated with it.
5806:Umbilical cord prolapse
5728:Amniotic fluid embolism
5486:dermatoses of pregnancy
4992:Urinary tract infection
4784:Abuse during childbirth
3627:Journal of Perinatology
2582:10.1186/1477-7827-8-102
2563:Cole LA (August 2010).
1829:10.1001/jama.2016.14337
932:Small bowel obstruction
875:Urinary tract infection
861:Differential diagnoses
852:include the following:
394:Physical and emotional
369:(pyridoxine) deficiency
245:urinary tract infection
130:Urinary tract infection
5922:Concomitant conditions
5901:Postpartum thyroiditis
5679:Circumvallate placenta
5499:Impetigo herpetiformis
5494:Gestational pemphigoid
5466:Hyperemesis gravidarum
5399:hypertensive disorders
4909:Cardiovascular disease
4497:Contraceptive security
4430:In vitro fertilization
4341:Postpartum confinement
4215:Hyperemesis gravidarum
3713:Cohen WR, ed. (2000).
3219:Evans AT, ed. (2007).
1548:10.1186/1741-7015-8-46
1334:
1026:thyroid function tests
845:Differential diagnosis
820:diagnosis of exclusion
777:Gastrointestinal tract
754:Decreased gut mobility
716:, causing gestational
708:gastrointestinal tract
661:
608:genetic predisposition
580:electrolyte imbalances
377:(cobalamin) deficiency
220:trophoblastic disorder
185:pregnancy complication
177:Hyperemesis gravidarum
125:Differential diagnosis
108:trophoblastic disorder
35:Hyperemesis gravidarum
5891:Postpartum infections
5886:Postpartum depression
5031:Healthcare inequality
4833:Gender discrimination
4637:Human papilloma virus
4312:Vesicovaginal fistula
3684:10.1056/NEJMcp1003896
3140:Medline Plus (2012).
2968:10.1093/humupd/dmi021
2286:. H.E.R. Foundation.
1487:. 27 September 2010.
1134:pyridoxine/doxylamine
954:Diabetic ketoacidosis
832:complete blood counts
659:
566:are common secondary
433:sialorrhea gravidarum
361:(thiamine) deficiency
353:Nutritional disorders
313:but a higher risk of
170:~1% of pregnant women
5896:Postpartum psychosis
5765:Obstetrical bleeding
5660:Obstetrical bleeding
5481:Integumentary system
5456:Gestational diabetes
5435:related to pregnancy
5433:Other, predominantly
5138:Nurses' Health Study
5046:Reproductive justice
4997:Urinary incontinence
4617:Sexually transmitted
4472:Intrauterine devices
4317:Rectovaginal fistula
4307:Obstetrical fistulae
4235:Gestational diabetes
4230:Obstetrical bleeding
4205:Adolescent pregnancy
4190:Gravidity and parity
4185:Unintended pregnancy
3774:. 8 September 2014.
3222:Manual of obstetrics
2526:(3): 230.e1–230.e7.
1245:Alternative medicine
1209:parenteral nutrition
1048:Dry, bland food and
1018:liver function tests
537:deep vein thrombosis
321:due to HG symptoms.
5876:Postpartum bleeding
5699:Placental abruption
5684:Monochorionic twins
5514:Prurigo gestationis
5051:Women's empowerment
4919:Alzheimer's disease
4550:Cloth menstrual pad
4507:Fertility awareness
4477:Oral contraceptives
4359:Perinatal mortality
3640:10.1038/jp.2013.180
2430:(2 Pt 1): 285–292.
2033:DeLegge MH (2007).
1649:(3): 401–17, viii.
1368:Society and culture
1272:Helicobacter pylori
1203:Nutritional support
1014:blood urea nitrogen
959:Hyperparathyroidism
784:Helicobacter pylori
627:intestinal motility
502:Mallory–Weiss tears
307:Paul Antoine Dubois
134:high thyroid levels
5906:Puerperal mastitis
5861:Breast engorgement
5648:Monoamniotic twins
5638:Chorionic hematoma
5148:Cartwright Inquiry
5059:Politics, research
4877:Endometrial cancer
4731:Sexual intercourse
4502:Planned parenthood
4487:Male contraceptive
4009:External resources
2887:. 13 December 2023
2680:The New York Times
1386:prescription drugs
1302:and is a cause of
1166:, is effective in
1081:Intravenous fluids
706:Distention of the
662:
542:pulmonary embolism
325:Signs and symptoms
268:intravenous fluids
249:overactive thyroid
216:multiple pregnancy
145:intravenous fluids
104:multiple pregnancy
5979:
5978:
5937:Thyroid disorders
5927:Diabetes mellitus
5811:Uterine inversion
5743:Shoulder dystocia
5738:Obstructed labour
5714:
5713:
5578:
5577:
5547:Chorea gravidarum
5323:Ectopic pregnancy
5248:
5247:
5128:
5127:
4953:
4952:
4904:
4903:
4887:Papanicolaou test
4843:Non-communicable
4811:Sexual harassment
4789:Domestic violence
4759:
4758:
4602:
4601:
4399:
4398:
4302:Retained placenta
4220:Ectopic pregnancy
4032:
4031:
3726:978-0-683-01673-4
3678:(16): 1544–1550.
3549:(10): 1092–1093.
3363:10.1136/bmj.d3606
3232:978-0-7817-9696-5
2778:(7996): 760–767.
2408:978-1-84214-323-0
2351:(11): 1307–1311.
2269:978-0-674-01343-8
2176:(43): 7639–7646.
2085:978-0-323-08373-7
2072:Ferri FF (2012).
2046:978-0-7637-4769-5
2007:978-1-107-71799-2
1968:978-3-642-70479-6
1955:Davis CJ (1986).
1929:978-1-4377-1935-2
1916:Gabbe SG (2012).
1823:(13): 1392–1401.
1285:molar pregnancies
1228:hyperalimentation
1005:
1004:
949:Addison's disease
811:
810:
613:One factor is an
554:cerebral arteries
522:pneumomediastinum
417:prenatal vitamins
239:has occurred and
174:
173:
119:Based on symptoms
115:Diagnostic method
102:First pregnancy,
29:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6009:
5966:
5965:
5801:Postmature birth
5789:Placenta accreta
5694:Placenta praevia
5689:Placenta accreta
5633:Chorioamnionitis
5443:Digestive system
5439:
5365:Fetal resorption
5353:Rudimentary horn
5310:abortive outcome
5304:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5252:
5236:
5235:
5224:
5223:
5212:
5211:
5065:
4850:
4770:
4764:Non-reproductive
4613:
4530:Feminine hygiene
4297:Cesarian section
4292:Obstructed labor
4173:
4088:
4069:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4036:
3947:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3803:@KensingtonRoyal
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3642:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3396:
3383:
3382:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3179:(371): 245–248.
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3030:
3024:
3023:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2805:
2787:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2734:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2671:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2543:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2394:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2257:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2119:
2090:
2089:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1994:Kumar G (2011).
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1603:
1594:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1526:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1477:
1458:
1457:
1421:
1390:home health care
1348:Charlotte Brontë
1337:
1217:nasojejunal tube
1213:nasogastric tube
1050:oral rehydration
977:Iron supplements
855:
839:morning sickness
802:Relaxing of the
691:Pathophysiology
682:
660:Morning sickness
631:gastric emptying
615:adverse reaction
546:splenic avulsion
444:second trimester
400:Difficulty with
280:Prochlorperazine
209:morning sickness
50:Gastroenterology
32:
21:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5953:
5910:
5854:Cracked nipples
5849:Low milk supply
5830:
5816:Uterine rupture
5710:
5605:Oligohydramnios
5590:amniotic cavity
5584:
5574:
5551:
5533:
5484:
5475:
5434:
5428:
5397:
5384:
5370:Molar pregnancy
5309:
5293:
5279:
5249:
5244:
5200:
5185:Family planning
5163:
5157:
5124:
5101:
5060:
5054:
5026:Gender equality
5009:
5003:
4949:
4900:
4882:Cervical cancer
4844:
4837:
4775:
4765:
4755:
4746:Sex differences
4704:Forced marriage
4653:
4618:
4608:
4598:
4540:Menstrual cycle
4511:
4464:Family planning
4462:
4453:
4406:
4395:
4354:Maternal deaths
4345:
4336:Postpartum care
4282:Multiple births
4258:
4167:
4160:
4093:
4084:
4081:
4073:
4063:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4004:
4003:
3958:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3926:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3867:(11): 700–711.
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3586:(10): 898–900.
3577:
3576:
3572:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3411:(9): CD007575.
3398:
3397:
3386:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3233:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3092:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3032:
3031:
3027:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2382:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2314:medlineplus.gov
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2124:Emergency Nurse
2121:
2120:
2093:
2086:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2047:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1810:
1809:
1800:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1574:
1528:
1527:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1479:
1478:
1461:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1370:
1344:
1312:
1293:
1281:body mass index
1277:thyroid hormone
1269:infection with
1266:
1247:
1235:
1224:
1205:
1182:corticosteroids
1160:
1142:diphenhydramine
1130:
1099:
1083:
1073:may be used as
1046:
1034:ultrasound scan
1010:
998:Choriocarcinoma
993:Molar pregnancy
901:
890:Gastroenteritis
869:
847:
816:
712:Crossover with
666:pathophysiology
654:
652:Pathophysiology
604:
576:
460:
455:
376:
368:
360:
327:
315:premature birth
292:corticosteroids
278:are preferred.
199:, and possibly
48:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6015:
6013:
6005:
6004:
6002:Women's health
5999:
5994:
5984:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5944:Maternal death
5941:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5840:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5750:Fetal distress
5747:
5746:
5745:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5610:Polyhydramnios
5607:
5599:amniotic fluid
5594:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5539:Nervous system
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5417:HELLP syndrome
5409:
5403:
5401:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5308:Pregnancy with
5301:
5295:
5294:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5255:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5162:Women's health
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5069:United Nations
5062:
5061:& advocacy
5056:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:
5008:Sociocultural
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4965:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4896:Ovarian cancer
4893:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4872:Uterine cancer
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4816:Sexual assault
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:Child marriage
4691:
4689:Breast ironing
4686:
4681:
4679:Breast binding
4676:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4667:Clitoridectomy
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4545:Menstrual aids
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4411:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:Husband stitch
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4200:Antenatal care
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4146:Fallopian tube
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4098:
4096:
4092:Reproductive
4085:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4071:Women's health
4064:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3990:
3975:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:Classification
3943:
3942:External links
3940:
3937:
3936:
3919:HER Foundation
3906:
3847:
3820:
3789:
3763:
3732:
3725:
3705:
3662:
3633:(6): 417–424.
3613:
3570:
3529:
3502:(8): 708–712.
3486:
3440:
3384:
3336:
3307:(1): 233–237.
3287:
3284:(45 ed.).
3269:
3242:
3231:
3208:
3159:
3127:
3101:
3063:
3025:
2998:(2): 105–109.
2982:
2961:(5): 527–539.
2941:
2914:(4): 274–277.
2898:
2876:
2825:
2758:
2705:
2657:
2626:(2): 249–265.
2606:
2555:
2506:
2457:
2414:
2407:
2380:
2331:
2301:
2275:
2268:
2242:
2223:(3): 213–216.
2207:
2149:
2091:
2084:
2064:
2045:
2025:
2006:
1986:
1967:
1947:
1928:
1905:
1862:
1798:
1779:(3): 648–652.
1763:
1736:(6): 683–688.
1720:
1691:(3): 124–127.
1668:
1630:
1612:(9): 698–701.
1572:
1502:
1459:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1394:indirect costs
1379:HER Foundation
1369:
1366:
1343:
1340:
1311:
1308:
1292:
1289:
1265:
1262:
1246:
1243:
1233:
1222:
1204:
1201:
1190:hydrocortisone
1178:Metoclopramide
1158:
1146:phenothiazines
1138:antihistamines
1129:
1126:
1097:
1082:
1079:
1045:
1042:
1009:
1008:Investigations
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
988:
981:
980:
979:
978:
975:
968:
964:
963:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
937:
936:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
902:
899:
895:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
846:
843:
815:
812:
809:
808:
807:
806:
800:
795:
794:
793:
787:
778:
774:
773:
772:
771:
768:
761:
755:
750:
749:
748:
743:
736:
735:
734:
729:
723:
722:
721:
720:
718:thyrotoxicosis
710:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
686:
653:
650:
603:
600:
575:
572:
557:
556:
547:
544:
539:
534:
532:deconditioning
529:
527:rhabdomyolysis
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
482:kidney failure
479:
474:
469:
459:
458:Pregnant woman
456:
454:
451:
405:
404:
398:
392:
390:thyrotoxicosis
379:
374:
366:
358:
350:
337:
326:
323:
284:dimenhydrinate
276:metoclopramide
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
161:metoclopramide
154:
148:
147:
141:
137:
136:
127:
121:
120:
117:
111:
110:
100:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
59:
53:
52:
43:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6014:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5826:Uterine atony
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5796:Preterm birth
5794:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5529:Stretch marks
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5412:Pre-eclampsia
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5281:Pathology of
5276:
5271:
5269:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5241:
5240:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5107:United States
5104:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5057:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Disadvantaged
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5006:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4982:Urinary tract
4980:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4958:Mental health
4956:
4955:
4946:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4897:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Breast cancer
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4776:against women
4771:
4768:
4762:
4752:
4751:Sex education
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:Breast health
4682:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
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4643:
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4555:Menstrual cup
4553:
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4547:
4546:
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4533:
4531:
4528:
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4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
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4508:
4505:
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4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4459:Contraception
4456:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Childlessness
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4405:Reproductive
4402:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4379:Sterilization
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4342:
4339:
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4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
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4315:
4313:
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4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Preterm birth
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
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4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
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4206:
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4196:
4193:
4191:
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4182:
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4137:
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4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:Clitoral hood
4110:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:Reproductive
4076:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4024:
4020:
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4000:
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3991:
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3866:
3863:(in French).
3862:
3858:
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3824:
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3804:
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2305:
2302:
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2279:
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2255:
2246:
2243:
2238:
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2208:
2203:
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2189:
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2167:
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2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
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2125:
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2116:
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2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
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1818:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
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1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
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1739:
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1716:
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1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1342:Notable cases
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1306:in neonates.
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
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1240:
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1229:
1225:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
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1119:
1113:
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1107:
1103:
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1087:
1080:
1078:
1076:
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1068:
1064:
1060:
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1051:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
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983:
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976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
966:
965:
960:
957:
955:
952:
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947:
944:
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942:
939:
938:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:Cholecystitis
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
897:
896:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
853:
851:
844:
842:
840:
835:
833:
829:
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821:
813:
805:
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798:
797:
796:
791:
788:
786:
785:
781:
780:
779:
776:
775:
769:
766:
762:
760:
759:liver enzymes
756:
753:
752:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
733:
732:Corpus luteum
730:
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
715:
711:
709:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
683:
680:
677:
675:
671:
667:
664:Although the
658:
651:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:Marlena Fejzo
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
601:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
571:
569:
568:complications
565:
561:
555:
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
463:
457:
453:Complications
452:
450:
447:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
403:
399:
397:
393:
391:
387:
383:
380:
378:
370:
362:
354:
351:
349:
345:
341:
338:
336:
332:
331:
330:
324:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
296:Psychotherapy
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
205:Feeling faint
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
5968:
5961:
5821:Vasa praevia
5781:
5755:Locked twins
5671:
5621:
5597:
5465:
5343:Interstitial
5237:
5225:
5213:
4936:Hip fracture
4931:Osteoporosis
4672:Infibulation
4572:Dysmenorrhea
4565:Sanitary pad
4517:Menstruation
4245:Preeclampsia
4240:Hypertension
4214:
4124:Labia majora
4119:Labia minora
4016:
3992:
3977:
3962:
3927:. Retrieved
3918:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3864:
3860:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3802:
3792:
3780:. Retrieved
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3745:
3735:
3715:
3708:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3459:(2): 87–93.
3456:
3452:
3408:
3404:
3354:
3350:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3245:
3221:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3118:. Retrieved
3104:
3093:, retrieved
3076:
3066:
3055:, retrieved
3038:
3028:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2879:
2838:
2828:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2722:
2718:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2679:
2648:. Retrieved
2623:
2619:
2609:
2575:(102): 102.
2572:
2568:
2558:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2398:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2313:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2278:
2253:
2245:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2173:
2169:
2130:(4): 24–28.
2127:
2123:
2074:
2067:
2057:19 September
2055:. Retrieved
2035:
2028:
2018:19 September
2016:. Retrieved
1996:
1989:
1979:19 September
1977:. Retrieved
1957:
1950:
1940:19 September
1938:. Retrieved
1918:
1875:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1820:
1816:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1688:
1684:
1646:
1642:
1609:
1605:
1538:
1535:BMC Medicine
1534:
1493:. Retrieved
1484:
1429:
1425:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1353:
1345:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1294:
1275:, a rise in
1270:
1267:
1264:Epidemiology
1248:
1206:
1198:
1194:prednisolone
1172:
1154:
1150:promethazine
1131:
1114:
1090:electrolytes
1084:
1047:
1011:
927:Peptic ulcer
917:Pancreatitis
907:Appendicitis
848:
836:
817:
782:
746:Progesterone
678:
663:
647:
635:
625:(decreasing
612:
605:
596:
584:birth weight
577:
558:
517:malnutrition
507:hypoglycemia
492:coagulopathy
472:hyponatremia
461:
448:
437:
406:
386:ketoacidosis
348:constipation
328:
304:
253:
234:
224:
213:
180:
176:
175:
98:Risk factors
26:
5760:Nuchal cord
5509:Linea nigra
5461:Hepatitis E
5394:proteinuria
5375:Miscarriage
5360:Embryo loss
5338:Heterotopic
5239:WikiProject
4926:Bone health
4862:Lung cancer
4699:Dyspareunia
4642:HPV vaccine
4582:Amenorrhoea
4577:Menorrhagia
4415:Infertility
4364:Stillbirths
4225:Miscarriage
4018:MedlinePlus
3840:24 February
3813:4 September
3782:8 September
2891:18 December
2324:25 February
1481:"Pregnancy"
1362:Amy Schumer
1360:Comedienne
1300:teratogenic
1296:Thalidomide
1250:Acupuncture
1174:Ondansetron
1128:Medications
1059:rehydration
973:Antibiotics
922:Fatty liver
866:Infections
340:Dehydration
335:body weight
311:miscarriage
300:acupressure
288:ondansetron
201:dehydration
197:weight loss
74:dehydration
70:weight loss
18:Hyperemesis
5986:Categories
5770:Postpartum
5665:Antepartum
5380:Stillbirth
5291:puerperium
5289:, and the
5287:childbirth
5164:by country
4968:Depression
4619:infections
4324:Episiotomy
4264:Childbirth
4195:Obstetrics
3756:4 December
3262:27 October
3152:30 January
3120:23 January
3077:StatPearls
3039:StatPearls
2725:(1): S68.
2294:6 December
1495:5 December
1408:References
1335:gravidarum
1329:, and the
1325:, meaning
1304:phocomelia
1239:folic acid
1164:doxylamine
1096:(vitamin B
1055:antiemetic
1044:Management
1030:hematocrit
1022:urinalysis
885:Meningitis
824:Urinalysis
763:Decreased
560:Depression
550:vasospasms
355:, such as
342:, causing
272:pyridoxine
256:bland diet
157:Pyridoxine
152:Medication
68:such that
46:Obstetrics
5836:Puerperal
5424:Eclampsia
5328:Abdominal
5299:Pregnancy
5283:pregnancy
4794:Pregnancy
4774:Violence
4714:Vaginitis
4587:Menopause
4447:Fostering
4437:Parenting
4407:life plan
4272:Midwifery
4250:Eclampsia
4177:Pregnancy
4166:Maternal
3889:252458862
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3357:: d3606.
3185:0960-1643
2871:266311523
2855:0028-0836
2820:266233306
2794:1476-4687
2741:0002-9378
2688:0362-4331
2480:: 79–84.
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1392:, or any
1310:Etymology
1232:Vitamin B
1221:vitamin B
1157:vitamin B
1148:(such as
1140:(such as
1110:potassium
940:Metabolic
880:Hepatitis
828:ketonuria
814:Diagnosis
757:Elevated
623:estrogens
440:pregnancy
382:Metabolic
373:vitamin B
365:vitamin B
357:vitamin B
302:is poor.
247:, and an
237:kilograms
167:Frequency
140:Treatment
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5997:Vomiting
5970:Category
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5673:placenta
5333:Cervical
5318:Abortion
5215:Category
5175:Ethiopia
5097:UN Women
4914:Dementia
4845:diseases
4828:Femicide
4806:Misogyny
4726:Polygamy
4627:Safe sex
4535:Menarche
4442:Adoption
4369:Abortion
4287:Oxytocin
4107:Clitoris
3923:Archived
3899:22 March
3893:Archived
3881:36150647
3834:Archived
3807:Archived
3776:Archived
3750:Archived
3692:20942670
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3331:19911296
3256:Archived
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3051:archived
3047:30422512
3020:36603396
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2977:16006438
2936:72562308
2928:16866785
2863:38102380
2812:38092039
2803:10808057
2745:Archived
2698:22 March
2692:Archived
2644:Archived
2640:15157839
2601:20735820
2550:20974461
2498:Archived
2494:25898368
2452:29255084
2444:16449113
2375:21635201
2318:Archived
2288:Archived
2237:21570635
2202:24282353
2144:22876404
2051:Archived
2012:Archived
1973:Archived
1934:Archived
1892:38102380
1849:Archived
1837:27701665
1758:34693980
1750:12118648
1715:35602873
1663:18760227
1622:Archived
1618:17885701
1567:20633258
1489:Archived
1454:20885167
1446:24227770
1327:vomiting
1094:thiamine
767:pressure
741:Estrogen
728:Placenta
697:Placenta
512:jaundice
319:abortion
264:thiamine
193:vomiting
81:Duration
66:vomiting
57:Symptoms
5623:chorion
5348:Ovarian
5227:Commons
5016:Poverty
5010:factors
4987:Urethra
4963:Anxiety
4945:Anaemia
4741:Puberty
4721:Leblouh
4607:Sexual
4482:Condoms
3999:D006939
3746:The Age
3608:6667779
3556:3470505
3426:4004939
3322:2844957
3203:8373648
3194:1372422
3095:19 July
3057:19 July
2592:2936313
2541:3030697
2366:3514078
2193:3837262
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1706:9123575
1558:2913953
1402:average
1346:Author
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1258:placebo
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586:or are
497:atrophy
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467:anemia
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5557:Blood
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5180:India
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3988:643.1
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2843:doi
2798:PMC
2780:doi
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