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Hypotenuse

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For example, if one of the legs of a right angle has a length of 3 and the other has a length of 4, then their squares add up to 25 = 9 + 16 = 3 × 3 + 4 × 4. Since 25 is the square of the hypotenuse, the length of the hypotenuse is the
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As a consequence of the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse is the longest side of any right triangle; that is, the hypotenuse is longer than either of the triangle's legs. For example, given the length of the legs
1142: 1053:), which returns the value above. The function is designed not to fail where the straightforward calculation might overflow or underflow and can be slightly more accurate and sometimes significantly slower. 1644: 1448: 884: 1383: 460: 747: 1182: 761:= 12, then the sum of the legs squared is (5 × 5) + (12 × 12) = 169, the square of the hypotenuse. The length of the hypotenuse is thus the square root of 169, denoted 691: 332: 783: 1542: 1257: 1586: 1563: 1476: 1278: 84: 904: 1672: 1521: 1497: 1323: 1302: 404: 378: 1766: 1930: 1795: 1059: 281:
of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs. Mathematically, this can be written as
1598: 1402: 222: 204: 102: 52: 142: 1772:...Also a right-angled triangle has one angle a right angle, the side opposite this angle being called the hypotenuse;... 185: 2068: 2058: 1818: 1831: 1814: 890:(theta). By observing that the angle opposite the hypotenuse is right and noting that its cosine is 0, so in this case 815: 157: 1810: 138: 38: 1826: 1342: 164: 409: 699: 1729: 1188: 171: 131: 1163: 259:. It is the longest side of any such triangle; the two other shorter sides of such a triangle are called 2063: 550: 503: 1685: 643: 284: 153: 1714: 570: 1943: 1760: 764: 621: 274: 1872: 1785: 1739: 1691: 1145: 545: 1526: 1241: 1056:
Some languages have extended the definition to higher dimensions. For example, C++17 supports
2031: 1926: 1791: 1570: 1547: 1460: 1262: 1192: 1035:{\displaystyle c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos \theta =a^{2}+b^{2}\implies c={\sqrt {a^{2}+b^{2}}}.} 1918: 1719: 625: 278: 628:
equals the hypotenuse squared. In mathematical notation, with the respective legs labelled
1836: 599: 44: 2021: 1656: 1505: 1481: 1307: 1286: 383: 357: 178: 1968: 1709: 789: 595: 252: 2052: 1822: 475: 1724: 1235: 793: 583: 539:, was used for the hypotenuse of a triangle in the 4th century BCE (attested in 2034: 693:. Using the square root function on both sides of the equation, it follows that 617: 603: 351: 256: 120: 1993: 1922: 1849:"hypotenuse | Origin and meaning of hypotenuse by Online Etymology Dictionary" 1734: 1681: 554: 1848: 788:
The Pythagorean theorem, and hence this length, can also be derived from the
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Longest side of a right-angled triangle, the side opposite of the right angle
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of the leg adjacent of the angle and the hypotenuse. For a right angle
608: 261: 235: 1137:{\displaystyle {\mbox{std::hypot}}(x,y,z)={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}}} 797: 270: 1917:. Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. New York: Springer. p. 133. 1215: 1196: 1045:
Many computer languages support the ISO C standard function hypot(
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Some scientific calculators provide a function to convert from
1639:{\displaystyle \beta \ =\arccos \left({\frac {a}{c}}\right)\,} 1443:{\displaystyle \beta \ =\arcsin \left({\frac {b}{c}}\right)\,} 114: 59: 18: 1787:
I Hate Trig!: A Practical Guide to Understanding Trigonometry
534: 525: 516: 507: 493: 487: 478: 1327: 616:. The length of the hypotenuse can be calculated using the 515:
being the feminine present active participle of the verb
808:(gamma), where the adjacent leg equals 0, the cosine of 1195:. This gives both the length of the hypotenuse and the 80: 1168: 1064: 1659: 1601: 1573: 1550: 1529: 1508: 1484: 1463: 1405: 1345: 1310: 1289: 1265: 1244: 1166: 1062: 907: 818: 767: 702: 646: 412: 386: 360: 287: 1770:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 258. 145:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 75:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1666: 1638: 1580: 1557: 1536: 1515: 1491: 1470: 1442: 1377: 1317: 1296: 1272: 1251: 1176: 1136: 1034: 878: 812:also equals 0. The law of cosines formulates that 777: 741: 685: 533:"to stretch, extend". The nominalised participle, 454: 398: 372: 326: 879:{\displaystyle c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab\cos \theta } 1238:, one can obtain the value of two acute angles, 1913:Millian, Richard S.; Parker, George D. (1981). 1378:{\displaystyle {\frac {b}{c}}=\sin(\beta )\,} 1184:to handle an arbitrary number of arguments. 1144:; this gives the length of the diagonal of a 8: 1567:One may also obtain the value of the angle 606:, while the other two sides are called the 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1214:. The angle returned is normally given by 995: 991: 239:A right-angled triangle and its hypotenuse 1663: 1658: 1635: 1621: 1600: 1577: 1572: 1554: 1549: 1533: 1528: 1512: 1507: 1488: 1483: 1467: 1462: 1439: 1425: 1404: 1374: 1346: 1344: 1314: 1309: 1293: 1288: 1269: 1264: 1248: 1243: 1199:the hypotenuse makes with the base line ( 1167: 1165: 1126: 1113: 1100: 1094: 1063: 1061: 1021: 1008: 1002: 985: 972: 938: 925: 912: 906: 849: 836: 823: 817: 768: 766: 728: 715: 709: 701: 677: 664: 651: 645: 624:. It states that the sum of the two legs 455:{\displaystyle c={\sqrt {a^{2}+b^{2}}}=5} 438: 425: 419: 411: 385: 359: 318: 305: 292: 286: 273:of the hypotenuse can be found using the 223:Learn how and when to remove this message 205:Learn how and when to remove this message 103:Learn how and when to remove this message 87:, without removing the technical details. 742:{\displaystyle c={\sqrt {a^{2}+b^{2}}}.} 582: 1915:Geometry: A Metric Approach with Models 1873:"hypotenuse definition and word origin" 1751: 1392:The trigonometric inverse function is: 354:of 25, that is, 5. In other words, if 587:A right triangle with the hypotenuse 524:"to stretch below, to subtend", from 85:make it understandable to non-experts 7: 143:adding citations to reliable sources 1478:is the angle opposite the cathetus 1283:Given the length of the hypotenuse 1206:above) at the same time when given 1177:{\displaystyle {\mbox{math.hypot}}} 1502:The adjacent angle of the catheti 342:is the length of another leg, and 14: 1740:Norm_(mathematics)#Euclidean_norm 686:{\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} 346:is the length of the hypotenuse. 327:{\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}} 34:This article has multiple issues. 1784:Jr, Jesse Moland (August 2009). 1684: 119: 64: 23: 2025:at Encyclopaedia of Mathematics 1900:(1520), fol. 221r (cited after 130:needs additional citations for 42:or discuss these issues on the 1371: 1365: 1088: 1070: 992: 636:, and the hypotenuse labelled 1: 778:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {169}}} 1790:. Jesse Moland. p. 1. 1761:"Triangle (geometry)"  796:. In a right triangle, the 577:Properties and calculations 2085: 535: 526: 517: 508: 494: 488: 479: 338:is the length of one leg, 1948:Linux Programmer's Manual 1923:10.1007/978-1-4684-0130-1 1537:{\displaystyle \alpha \,} 1280:, of the right triangle. 1252:{\displaystyle \alpha \,} 549:54d). The Greek term was 1581:{\displaystyle \beta \,} 1558:{\displaystyle \beta \,} 1471:{\displaystyle \beta \,} 1273:{\displaystyle \beta \,} 620:function implied by the 598:, the hypotenuse is the 277:, which states that the 1832:A Greek–English Lexicon 1767:Encyclopædia Britannica 1730:Special right triangles 1674:is the other cathetus. 1189:rectangular coordinates 569:, is French in origin ( 1998:Python Language Manual 1896:Estienne de La Roche, 1668: 1640: 1582: 1559: 1538: 1517: 1493: 1472: 1444: 1379: 1332: 1319: 1298: 1274: 1253: 1178: 1160:. Python 3.8 extended 1138: 1036: 880: 779: 743: 687: 591: 456: 400: 374: 328: 240: 1823:Liddell, Henry George 1669: 1641: 1583: 1560: 1539: 1518: 1494: 1473: 1445: 1380: 1331: 1320: 1299: 1275: 1254: 1179: 1139: 1037: 886:holds for some angle 881: 780: 744: 688: 602:that is opposite the 586: 457: 401: 375: 329: 238: 1715:Nonhypotenuse number 1657: 1599: 1571: 1548: 1527: 1506: 1482: 1461: 1403: 1343: 1308: 1287: 1263: 1242: 1236:trigonometric ratios 1230:Trigonometric ratios 1164: 1060: 905: 816: 765: 700: 644: 571:Estienne de La Roche 410: 384: 358: 285: 139:improve this article 2069:Pythagorean theorem 2059:Parts of a triangle 1994:"Python math.hypot" 1973:C++ Language Manual 1667:{\displaystyle a\,} 1516:{\displaystyle b\,} 1492:{\displaystyle b\,} 1318:{\displaystyle b\,} 1297:{\displaystyle c\,} 800:of an angle is the 785:, which equals 13. 640:, it is written as 622:Pythagorean theorem 480:ἡ τὴν ὀρθὴν γωνίαν 399:{\displaystyle b=4} 373:{\displaystyle a=3} 275:Pythagorean theorem 2032:Weisstein, Eric W. 1877:Collins Dictionary 1853:www.etymonline.com 1692:Mathematics portal 1664: 1636: 1578: 1555: 1534: 1513: 1489: 1468: 1440: 1375: 1333: 1315: 1304:and of a cathetus 1294: 1270: 1249: 1174: 1172: 1146:rectangular cuboid 1134: 1068: 1032: 876: 775: 739: 683: 592: 561:. The spelling in 502:the right angle" ( 452: 396: 370: 324: 241: 1931:978-1-4684-0130-1 1797:978-1-4486-4707-1 1629: 1607: 1588:by the equation: 1433: 1411: 1354: 1193:polar coordinates 1171: 1132: 1067: 1027: 773: 734: 444: 251:is the side of a 233: 232: 225: 215: 214: 207: 189: 113: 112: 105: 57: 2076: 2045: 2044: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1969:"C++ std::hypot" 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1940: 1934: 1911: 1905: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1763: 1756: 1720:Taxicab geometry 1694: 1689: 1688: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1605: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1438: 1434: 1426: 1409: 1384: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1355: 1347: 1325:, the ratio is: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1130: 1118: 1117: 1105: 1104: 1095: 1069: 1065: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1013: 1012: 1003: 990: 989: 977: 976: 943: 942: 930: 929: 917: 916: 885: 883: 882: 877: 854: 853: 841: 840: 828: 827: 784: 782: 781: 776: 774: 769: 748: 746: 745: 740: 735: 733: 732: 720: 719: 710: 692: 690: 689: 684: 682: 681: 669: 668: 656: 655: 538: 537: 529: 528: 520: 519: 511: 510: 497: 496: 491: 490: 485: 484: 474:is derived from 461: 459: 458: 453: 445: 443: 442: 430: 429: 420: 405: 403: 402: 397: 379: 377: 376: 371: 333: 331: 330: 325: 323: 322: 310: 309: 297: 296: 228: 221: 210: 203: 199: 196: 190: 188: 147: 123: 115: 108: 101: 97: 94: 88: 68: 67: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2049: 2048: 2030: 2029: 2018: 2013: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1977: 1975: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1912: 1908: 1895: 1891: 1882: 1880: 1871: 1870: 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264: 263: 258: 255:opposite the 254: 250: 246: 237: 227: 224: 209: 206: 198: 187: 184: 180: 177: 173: 170: 166: 163: 159: 156: –  155: 151: 150:Find sources: 144: 140: 134: 133: 128:This article 126: 122: 117: 116: 107: 104: 96: 86: 82: 76: 73:This article 71: 62: 61: 56: 54: 47: 46: 41: 40: 35: 30: 21: 20: 2064:Trigonometry 2038: 2035:"Hypotenuse" 2022: 2001:. Retrieved 1997: 1988: 1976:. Retrieved 1972: 1963: 1951:. Retrieved 1947: 1938: 1914: 1909: 1897: 1892: 1881:. Retrieved 1876: 1867: 1856:. Retrieved 1852: 1843: 1830: 1806: 1786: 1779: 1771: 1765: 1754: 1725:Trigonometry 1652: 1566: 1501: 1456: 1391: 1282: 1234:By means of 1233: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1207: 1200: 1186: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1044: 895: 891: 887: 809: 805: 794:trigonometry 787: 758: 754: 751: 637: 633: 629: 613: 607: 593: 588: 580: 566: 562: 558: 544: 530: 521: 513:hupoteinousa 512: 499: 481: 471: 469: 348: 343: 339: 335: 266: 260: 248: 242: 219: 201: 192: 182: 175: 168: 161: 154:"Hypotenuse" 149: 137:Please help 132:verification 129: 99: 90: 74: 50: 43: 37: 36:Please help 33: 1148:with edges 618:square root 604:right angle 509:ὑποτείνουσα 504:Apollodorus 482:ὑποτείνουσα 352:square root 257:right angle 2053:Categories 2023:Hypotenuse 2016:References 1953:4 December 1944:"hypot(3)" 1883:2022-04-12 1858:2019-05-14 1735:Pythagoras 1170:math.hypot 1066:std::hypot 567:hypotenuse 559:hypotēnūsa 555:Late Latin 522:hupo-teinō 500:subtending 472:hypotenuse 249:hypotenuse 165:newspapers 39:improve it 2040:MathWorld 1879:. Collins 1653:in which 1615:⁡ 1603:β 1575:β 1552:β 1531:α 1465:β 1457:in which 1419:⁡ 1407:β 1369:β 1363:⁡ 1267:β 1246:α 993:⟹ 963:θ 960:⁡ 945:− 874:θ 871:⁡ 856:− 470:The word 466:Etymology 45:talk page 1705:Triangle 1700:Cathetus 1678:See also 1544:= 90° – 757:= 5 and 518:ὑποτείνω 334:, where 245:geometry 195:May 2019 93:May 2019 1835:at the 1819:pleura/ 898:= 90°: 626:squared 609:catheti 573:1520). 546:Timaeus 406:, then 262:catheti 179:scholar 79:Please 2003:6 June 1978:6 June 1929:  1815:tei/nw 1794:  1612:arccos 1606:  1416:arcsin 1410:  1156:, and 798:cosine 551:loaned 495:πλευρά 489:γραμμή 279:square 271:length 269:. The 181:  174:  167:  160:  152:  1811:u(po/ 1746:Notes 1216:atan2 1197:angle 802:ratio 594:In a 565:, as 557:, as 553:into 541:Plato 531:teinō 527:τείνω 486:(sc. 476:Greek 186:JSTOR 172:books 2005:2024 1980:2024 1955:2021 1927:ISBN 1902:TLFi 1792:ISBN 1259:and 1210:and 632:and 614:legs 600:side 380:and 267:legs 247:, a 158:news 1919:doi 1523:is 1360:sin 1226:). 1191:to 957:cos 868:cos 792:in 771:169 612:or 506:), 492:or 265:or 243:In 141:by 83:to 2055:: 2037:. 1996:. 1971:. 1946:. 1925:. 1904:). 1875:. 1851:. 1829:; 1825:; 1821:. 1817:, 1813:, 1764:. 1499:. 1152:, 894:= 563:-e 543:, 462:. 48:. 2043:. 2007:. 1982:. 1957:. 1933:. 1921:: 1886:. 1861:. 1800:. 1661:a 1632:) 1627:c 1624:a 1619:( 1609:= 1510:b 1486:b 1436:) 1431:c 1428:b 1423:( 1413:= 1372:) 1366:( 1357:= 1352:c 1349:b 1312:b 1291:c 1224:x 1222:, 1220:y 1218:( 1212:y 1208:x 1203:1 1201:c 1158:z 1154:y 1150:x 1128:2 1124:z 1120:+ 1115:2 1111:y 1107:+ 1102:2 1098:x 1092:= 1089:) 1086:z 1083:, 1080:y 1077:, 1074:x 1071:( 1051:y 1049:, 1047:x 1030:. 1023:2 1019:b 1015:+ 1010:2 1006:a 1000:= 997:c 987:2 983:b 979:+ 974:2 970:a 966:= 954:b 951:a 948:2 940:2 936:b 932:+ 927:2 923:a 919:= 914:2 910:c 896:γ 892:θ 888:θ 865:b 862:a 859:2 851:2 847:b 843:+ 838:2 834:a 830:= 825:2 821:c 810:γ 806:γ 759:b 755:a 737:. 730:2 726:b 722:+ 717:2 713:a 707:= 704:c 679:2 675:c 671:= 666:2 662:b 658:+ 653:2 649:a 638:c 634:b 630:a 589:c 450:5 447:= 440:2 436:b 432:+ 427:2 423:a 417:= 414:c 394:4 391:= 388:b 368:3 365:= 362:a 344:c 340:b 336:a 320:2 316:c 312:= 307:2 303:b 299:+ 294:2 290:a 226:) 220:( 208:) 202:( 197:) 193:( 183:· 176:· 169:· 162:· 135:. 106:) 100:( 95:) 91:( 77:. 55:) 51:(

Index

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talk page
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help improve it
make it understandable to non-experts
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verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Hypotenuse"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
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geometry
right triangle
right angle
catheti
length
Pythagorean theorem
square
square root
Greek
Apollodorus
Plato

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