405:: small to medium size, thin, fleshy, initially narrow conical or bell-shaped, or with a prominent or flattened umbo in the center. It is not hygrophanous and has a dry appearance. The pileus margin often shows at first a pale curtain that disappears quickly, and in old age it often presents short radial cracks. The cuticle is finely silky and sometimes sprinkled with remnants of the partial veil, further developing radial fibers. There are also species with a woolly surface (woolly in mycological sense). Coloring is at first all white to gray-whitish varieties. Some retain color, others change, varying between ocher-yellowish and brown, various shapes, even lilac-like to purple.
1037:
1025:
1121:
1341:
1109:
1159:
1269:
1255:
1195:
1305:
1171:
1281:
1085:
1219:
1061:
1317:
1207:
1183:
1231:
1049:
1243:
53:
1329:
1293:
1147:
1097:
1133:
1073:
33:
364:
1637:
Bandini, Ditte; Oertel, Bernd; Ploch, Sebastian; Ali, Tahir; Vauras, Jukka; Schneider, Anja; Scholler, Markus; Eberhardt, Ursula; Thines, Marco (2019-02-01). "Revision of some central
European species of Inocybe (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. subgenus Inocybe, with the description of five new species".
414:
are dense, thick and crowded, with short intermediate sinus at the edge and only weakly attached to the stipe, almost free. Coloring is mainly white at the beginning, which becomes mature turns to gray-brown, ocher-brown or gray-olive. The edges are
432:
it is thin, fibrous, cylindrical, more or less thickened and felt-white at the base, hollow inside. The surface is whitish, smooth, glossy, and often silky and slightly furfuraceous towards the apex of the stipe. It usually does not have a
1482:
Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Catherine Aime M, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJ, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Greg Thorn R, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK (June 2002). "One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics".
425:
tuberculous or star-shaped subgenus), smooth, never verrucous and germ-free. Basidia are tetrasporic. Cystidia with or without crystalline crystals, spindle-shaped, convex in the middle and with a sharp point at the
566:
and has necropigmented basidia. The spores are smooth and the hilar appendix is inconspicuous. Large cheilocystidia (>50 um). This is known from tropical Africa, Tropical, India and temperate
Australia.
488:
is the most commonly encountered mushroom genus for which microscopic characteristics are the only means of certain identification to the species level. While the vast majority of
550:
is not necropigmented (basidia that become ochraceous and collapse). The hilar appendice is conspicuous. This subgenera is cosmopolitan and frequent in temperate ecosystems.
613:. The stipe is shorter and has not pleurocystidia. The basidia are necropigmented and there are also cheilocystidia as terminal elements. Spores smooth. Wide distribution
439:
white to slightly yellowish, oxidized or not to reddish when cutting, usually having a faint smell of green corn, chlorine or sperm. Commonly the flesh contains muscarine.
2046:
2085:
1942:
1036:
1024:
295:, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation in the genus is due to adaptation to different trees and perhaps even local environments.
2177:
1120:
1340:
2020:
637:
or rimulose, never squarrulose and rarely squamulose. Pleurocystidia are absent and cheilocystida are present. Spores smooth. Wide distribution.
1268:
1108:
1158:
958:
1401:
595:
has no pleurocystidia, but has cheilocystidia. Basidia necropigmented or not. The spores are smooth. In temperate areas. Wide distribution.
1518:
Matheny PB (April 2005). "Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales)".
1194:
950:
1697:
1254:
2134:
1417:
1170:
258:
2072:
1280:
1084:
518:: The stipe is only pruinose at the apex or the upper half. The stipe base is (generally) not bulbous and a remnant of a
1304:
1060:
1316:
1929:
1218:
1206:
2172:
1721:
1230:
1048:
2090:
1553:
Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022).
1242:
1182:
605:
The cap is usually woolly-squamulose, the cap surface is conspicuously darkening with alkali. The lamella broadly
421:
they are brownish, tiny, normally oval to slightly ellipsoidal, often elongated in the form of almonds or beans (
52:
2167:
1328:
1292:
1146:
1096:
920:
623:
The lamellae have no pleurocystidia but there are cheilocystidia. Spores smooth. Known from tropical India.
381:
Typical mushrooms of the genus have various shades of brown, although some lilac or purplish species exist.
546:, usually thick-walled and in the apex has crystals. The basidiospores are smooth or angular-nodulose. The
1882:
1132:
903:
934:
871:
228:
757:
693:
665:
is very species-rich. The genus is divided according to Bon (2005) into three subgenera with sections:
2126:
1072:
846:
149:
2182:
2139:
2100:
1968:
1647:
1367:
887:
2012:
778:
1443:"Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences"
653:
lamellae and cheilocystiidia present. Spores smooth. Known from mediterranean and tropical Africa.
579:
The fruiting bodies of this subgenus usually have a distinct odor (fruity, honey-like, fishy). The
347:
1834:
1801:
1759:
1715:
1671:
1555:"Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids"
966:
942:
732:
650:
610:
592:
409:
342:
165:
132:
47:
393:
of "fiber caps". Many species have a distinctive odor, various described as musty or spermatic.
2108:
2051:
1955:
1703:
1693:
1663:
1594:
1576:
1535:
1500:
1464:
1397:
978:
820:
709:
580:
401:
385:
are small and conical, though flattening somewhat in age, generally with a pronounced central
382:
367:
484:, and no easy method of distinguishing them from potentially edible species exists. In fact,
2162:
2113:
1826:
1793:
1751:
1655:
1584:
1566:
1527:
1492:
1454:
1008:
986:
497:
156:
1862:
994:
386:
1999:
1737:"Contribution to the Taxonomic Knowledge of the Family Inocybaceae in Budapest, Hungary"
1651:
2007:
1589:
1554:
1001:
804:
725:
563:
543:
449:
94:
1496:
2156:
1947:
1920:
1763:
84:
1675:
642:
606:
519:
457:
453:
141:
1960:
1934:
633:
Fruitbodies have indistinct, spermatic or green corn odor. The pileus is radially
205:
2077:
2033:
1914:
1755:
1531:
465:
390:
292:
114:
1852:
in the
Pacific Northwest. Notes and species descriptions by Gibson, I. (2004).
1735:
Csizmár, M.; Cseh, P.; Dima, B.; Assamere, A.; Orlóci, L.; Bratek, Z. (2023).
1659:
1459:
1442:
461:
104:
1905:
1707:
1692:. Bon, Marcel., Wilkinson, John., Lohmeyer, Till R. Stuttgart: Kosmos. 2005.
1667:
1580:
1994:
1981:
680:
671:
572:
555:
481:
371:
194:
64:
32:
1598:
1539:
1504:
1468:
1571:
2059:
1899:
1845:
547:
280:
2025:
1838:
1805:
1736:
1441:
Moncalvo JM, Lutzoni FM, Rehner SA, Johnson J, Vilgalys R (June 2000).
287:
with over 1400 species, including all forms and varieties. Members of
2038:
634:
529:: The stipe are entirely pruinose and has a bulbose base as general.
247:
74:
2064:
1876:
1830:
1797:
1612:
363:
1986:
2121:
362:
284:
276:
217:
1880:
1362:
1360:
1973:
355:
in 1863. All other renaming attempts are accepted synonymous.
532:
Several genera are recognized within the family
Inocybaceae:
705:: cap with wool-peeling cuticle, strong aroma (sperm like)
649:
Small fruiting bodies with tubarioid or omphalinoid habit.
1871:
460:
analyses suggests that the genus is better placed as the
925:
It is estimated that there are ca. 1050 species within
319:, meaning "muscle, nerve, fiber, strength, vigor") and
389:. The cap often appears fibrous, giving the genus its
374:, an identifying micromorphological characteristic of
307:
means "fibrous hat". It is taken from the Greek words
746:- with thick-walled, crystal-bearing pleurocystidia.
1690:
Pareys Buch der Pilze : ĂĽber 1500 Pilze
Europas
1889:
774:: cap lilac, wool-peel surface, and scaly. Common.
496:are hallucinogenic, having been found to contain
351:(1821), and verified in the volume 2 of his book
1848:Interim skeleton key to some common species of
1392:Ulloa, Miguel; Aguirre-Acosta, Elvira (2020).
1780:Atkinson, G. F. (1918). "Some new species of
753:: red or even greenish, with an extreme odor
511:Two supersections are informally recognized:
8:
1559:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
899:: stipe pruinose with basal bulb. Crimping
721:: cap always radially fibrous and cracked
522:is present in the margin of the young cap.
320:
314:
308:
1877:
1744:Applied Ecology and Environmental Research
31:
20:
1588:
1570:
1458:
929:. Representatives of the genus include:
842:: stipe rimed completely or two-thirds.
492:are neurotoxic, several rare species of
1356:
1264:
1142:
1020:
800:: non- rimose stipe, no liliac shades.
587:") or can be squamulose to squarrose ("
1713:
959:Inocybe corydalina var. erinaceomorpha
1374:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
7:
2127:555F1C4C-A63C-5370-9F3D-85EE8CA8923A
2101:bde935d2-a7c9-43ae-b336-b8ca824825cb
883::full bumpy stipe without basl bulb
860:- spores tuberculate or star-shaped
396:Description valid for most species:
1394:Illustrated generic names of Fungi
951:Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina
867:: stipe thin or bumped to the top
14:
1813:Cripps, C. L. (1997). "The genus
353:Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae
333:The genus was first described as
2178:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
448:Originally placed in the family
51:
816:: stipe only bumpy at the top
480:species contain large doses of
1:
1497:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1
679:) - without crystal-bearing
657:Sections based in morphology
1532:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.014
2199:
1817:in Montana aspen stands".
1786:American Journal of Botany
1396:. APS press. p. 190.
1017:Images of selected species
918:
1756:10.15666/aeer/2101_409420
1660:10.1007/s11557-018-1439-9
345:in volume 1 of his work,
321:
315:
309:
171:
164:
147:
140:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
1872:http://www.inocybe.org/
1460:10.1093/sysbio/49.2.278
921:List of Inocybe species
689:: wool-peeling surface
1720:: CS1 maint: others (
974:) red-staining inocybe
378:
1846:Stuntz, D. E. (1978).
1572:10.3390/ijms232214068
1520:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
1485:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
1176:I. griseolilacina (5)
935:Inocybe aeruginascens
790:Inocybe griseolilacin
583:is radially rimose ("
562:This subgenus has no
504:Sections or subgenera
366:
1640:Mycological Progress
1613:"Inocybaceae genera"
954:Quél. (psychoactive)
677:now a separate genus
1868:(www.pilzepilze.de)
1652:2019MycPr..18..247B
1322:I. praetervisa (10)
1310:I. asterospora (10)
1066:I. calamistrata (2)
904:Inocybe asterospora
452:(later shown to be
348:Systema mycologicum
341:by Swedish scholar
967:Inocybe erubescens
943:Inocybe coelestium
872:Inocybe lanuginosa
827:Inocybe flocculosa
733:Inocybe erubescens
542:This subgenus has
379:
343:Elias Magnus Fries
2173:Agaricales genera
2150:
2149:
2109:Open Tree of Life
1883:Taxon identifiers
1403:978-0-89054-618-5
1346:I.petiginosa (11)
1286:I. lanuginosa (9)
1274:I. assimilata (9)
1212:I. flocculosa (7)
1090:I. erubescens (3)
979:Inocybe geophylla
832:Inocybe virgatula
821:Inocybe geophylla
758:Inocybe piriodora
710:Inocybe bongardii
694:Inocybe dulcamara
313:(in the genitive
268:
267:
262:
251:
240:
232:
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209:
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183:
136:
2190:
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2142:
2130:
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2103:
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2093:
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2080:
2078:NHMSYS0001485242
2068:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2003:
2002:
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1937:
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1878:
1842:
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1603:
1602:
1592:
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1509:
1508:
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1414:
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1379:
1364:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1257:
1245:
1236:I. virgatula (7)
1233:
1224:I. geophylla (7)
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1054:I. bongardii (2)
1051:
1042:I. terrigena (1)
1039:
1030:I. dulcamara (1)
1027:
1009:Inocybe tricolor
987:Inocybe haemacta
972:I. patouillardii
847:Inocybe hirtella
498:indole alkaloids
324:
323:
318:
317:
312:
311:
257:
246:
238:
227:
215:
204:
193:
181:
150:Inocybe relicina
130:
56:
55:
35:
21:
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2193:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2168:Poisonous fungi
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2011:
2006:
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1980:
1972:
1967:
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1928:
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1918:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1885:
1859:
1831:10.2307/3761005
1812:
1798:10.2307/2435009
1779:
1776:
1774:Further reading
1771:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1617:inocybaceae.org
1611:
1610:
1606:
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1551:
1547:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1440:
1439:
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1426:
1424:
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1404:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1335:
1334:I. fibrosa (11)
1332:
1323:
1320:
1311:
1308:
1299:
1298:I. relicina (9)
1296:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1261:
1260:I. sindonia (8)
1258:
1249:
1248:I. hirtella (8)
1246:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1177:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1136:
1127:
1126:I. fraudans (4)
1124:
1115:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1019:
995:Inocybe hystrix
923:
917:
888:Inocybe fibrosa
785:Inocybe hystrix
659:
506:
474:
446:
361:
331:
301:
160:
153:
129:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2043:
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2017:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1911:
1895:
1893:
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1886:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1858:
1857:External links
1855:
1854:
1853:
1843:
1825:(4): 670–688.
1810:
1792:(4): 210–218.
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1750:(1): 409–420.
1727:
1698:
1681:
1646:(1): 247–294.
1629:
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1510:
1491:(3): 357–400.
1474:
1453:(2): 278–305.
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1199:
1192:
1190:
1188:I. obscura (5)
1187:
1180:
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1175:
1168:
1166:
1164:I. hystrix (5)
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1029:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:(psychoactive)
1005:
1002:Inocybe lacera
998:
991:
990:(psychoactive)
983:
975:
963:
962:(psychoactive)
955:
947:
946:(psychoactive)
939:
938:(psychoactive)
919:Main article:
916:
913:
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805:Inocybe lacera
794:
793:
792:
787:
782:
779:Inocybe oscura
768:
767:
766:
764:Inocybe pudica
761:
740:
739:
738:
737:
736:
729:
726:Inocybe rimosa
715:
714:
713:
699:
698:
697:
658:
655:
564:pleurocystidia
544:pleurocystidia
505:
502:
473:
470:
464:of the family
450:Cortinariaceae
445:
444:Classification
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441:
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95:Agaricomycetes
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43:
41:Inocybe rimosa
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16:Genus of fungi
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1200:I. lacera (6)
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1152:I. whitei (4)
1148:
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1138:I. godeyi (4)
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1117:
1114:I. rimosa (3)
1110:
1105:
1102:I. jurana (3)
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1078:I. cookei (3)
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1620:. Retrieved
1616:
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1425:. Retrieved
1422:mycobank.org
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1376:. Retrieved
1369:
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881:Petiginosae
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703:Cervicolores
702:
692:
687:Depauperatae
686:
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660:
648:
643:Tubariomyces
641:
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627:
626:
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458:phylogenetic
454:polyphyletic
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304:
302:
288:
271:
270:
269:
254:
244:Astrosporina
243:
239:Earle (1909)
235:
224:
216:(Britzelm.)
212:
202:Astrosporina
201:
190:
186:
178:
174:
148:
142:Type species
135:) Fr. (1863)
125:
124:
40:
24:
18:
2183:Neurotoxins
2034:iNaturalist
1915:Wikispecies
1526:(1): 1–20.
1368:"Synonymy:
840:Splendentes
466:Inocybaceae
391:common name
359:Description
293:mycorrhizal
275:is a large
115:Inocybaceae
2157:Categories
1447:Syst. Biol
1427:2019-05-13
1378:2015-02-15
1352:References
897:Marginatae
865:Cortinatae
856:Subgenus:
751:Lactiferae
742:Subgenus:
669:Subgenus:
661:The genus
462:type genus
325:("head").
255:Inocybella
182:Fr. (1821)
105:Agaricales
81:Division:
1995:FloraBase
1819:Mycologia
1764:256756052
1716:cite book
1708:181441359
1668:1861-8952
1581:1422-0067
1418:"Inocybe"
1372:(Fr.) Fr"
895:Section:
879:Section:
863:Section:
838:Section:
812:Section:
796:Section:
772:Lilacinae
770:Section:
749:Section:
744:Inocibium
717:Section:
701:Section:
685:Section:
672:Inosperma
651:Decurrent
618:Nothocybe
600:Mallocybe
573:Inosperma
556:Auritella
525:Marginate
514:Cortinate
482:muscarine
372:cystidium
303:The name
299:Etymology
283:-forming
236:Inocibium
206:J.Schröt.
195:Britzelm.
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
2060:MycoBank
2008:Fungorum
1948:60015106
1943:AusFungi
1900:Wikidata
1676:53085519
1599:36430546
1540:15737578
1505:12099793
1469:12118409
681:cystidia
591:"). The
508:Source:
490:Inocybes
437:Context:
415:whitish.
410:Lamellae
368:Metuloid
335:Agaricus
281:mushroom
225:Agmocybe
189:subgen.
187:Agaricus
175:Agaricus
166:Synonyms
111:Family:
61:Domain:
2163:Inocybe
2052:1046662
2026:2527866
1921:Inocybe
1906:Q784343
1891:Inocybe
1864:Inocybe
1850:Inocybe
1839:3761005
1815:Inocybe
1806:2435009
1782:Inocybe
1648:Bibcode
1622:3 April
1590:9693126
1370:Inocybe
982:(toxic)
927:Inocybe
915:Species
858:Clypeus
798:Lacerae
719:Rimosae
663:Inocybe
593:lamella
585:Rimosae
548:basidia
537:Inocybe
520:cortina
494:Inocybe
486:Inocybe
478:Inocybe
423:Clypeus
419:Spores:
376:Inocybe
339:Inocybe
337:tribe
329:History
305:Inocybe
289:Inocybe
272:Inocybe
213:Clypeus
191:Clypeus
179:Inocybe
126:Inocybe
121:Genus:
101:Order:
91:Class:
25:Inocybe
2140:100201
2114:489298
2098:NZOR:
1987:1INOCG
1935:132367
1866:Photos
1837:
1804:
1762:
1706:
1696:
1674:
1666:
1597:
1587:
1579:
1538:
1503:
1467:
1400:
814:Tardae
635:rimose
607:adnate
581:pileus
430:Stipe:
402:Pileus
370:-type
261:(1974)
259:Zerova
250:(1938)
248:S.Imai
231:(1909)
220:(1889)
208:(1889)
197:(1881)
177:trib.
159:(1888)
155:(Fr.)
2135:WoRMS
2122:Plazi
2091:71953
2065:17848
2047:IRMNG
2039:58679
2013:17848
2000:38694
1974:19048
1835:JSTOR
1802:JSTOR
1760:S2CID
1740:(PDF)
1672:S2CID
476:Many
433:ring.
285:fungi
277:genus
229:Earle
218:Fayod
157:Quél.
75:Fungi
2086:NCBI
2021:GBIF
1982:EPPO
1961:54HL
1930:APNI
1722:link
1704:OCLC
1694:ISBN
1664:ISSN
1624:2019
1595:PMID
1577:ISSN
1536:PMID
1501:PMID
1465:PMID
1398:ISBN
426:tip.
387:umbo
383:Caps
322:κύβη
316:ἴνος
291:are
2073:NBN
1969:EoL
1956:CoL
1827:doi
1794:doi
1784:".
1752:doi
1656:doi
1585:PMC
1567:doi
1528:doi
1493:doi
1455:doi
970:(=
609:to
456:),
279:of
133:Fr.
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1718:}}
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310:ἴς
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675:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
