31:
681:
German type metal is described as breaking like glass, not bending, softer than copper but more fusible than lead. The chemical formula does not agree with the one above; however, the properties match with an intermetallic compound or an alloy of one.
306:
by alloying with other elements to increase grain boundary cohesion. Alloying of other materials such as boron to improve grain boundary cohesion can improve ductility in many intermetallics. They often offer a compromise between
298:
Intermetallic compounds are generally brittle at room temperature and have high melting points. Cleavage or intergranular fracture modes are typical of intermetallics due to limited independent
302:
systems required for plastic deformation. However, there are some examples of intermetallics with ductile fracture modes such as Nb–15Al–40Ti. Other intermetallics can exhibit improved
108:
solid phases containing two or more metallic elements, with optionally one or more non-metallic elements, whose crystal structure differs from that of the other constituents
290:
intermetallic compound has equal numbers of atoms of two metals such as aluminium and iron, arranged as two interpenetrating simple cubic lattices of the component metals.
1051:
The Penny Cyclopædia of the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge By Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain), George Long Published 1843
783:
78:
between two or more metallic elements. Intermetallics are generally hard and brittle, with good high-temperature mechanical properties. They can be classified as
222:
are excluded under this definition. However, interstitial intermetallic compounds are included, as are alloys of intermetallic compounds with a metal.
1069:
928:
759:
631:
1018:
968:
913:
843:
808:
613:
devices. The management of intermetallics is a major issue in the reliability of solder joints between electronic components.
1063:
1078:
502:
726:
598:
1046:
331:) bonding, respectively. Intermetallics have given rise to various novel materials developments. Some examples include
287:
89:
has argued that it gives misleading intuition, suggesting a fixed stoichiometry and even a clear decomposition into
311:
and metallic properties when hardness and/or resistance to high temperatures is important enough to sacrifice some
1088:
729:, Gerhard Sauthoff, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley Interscience. (Subscription required)
299:
263:
126:
1107:
691:
85:
Although the term "intermetallic compounds", as it applies to solid phases, has been in use for many years,
627:
622:
247:
231:
211:
145:
606:
554:
526:
340:
86:
566:
90:
797:
Panel On
Intermetallic Alloy Development, Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems (1997).
901:
777:
508:
115:
929:"Wings of steel: An alloy of iron and aluminium is as good as titanium, at a tenth of the cost"
974:
964:
909:
849:
839:
814:
804:
765:
755:
696:
464:
262:
The term intermetallic is used to describe compounds involving two or more metals such as the
75:
897:
874:
610:
562:
530:
494:
376:
364:
344:
336:
68:
1082:
481:
1026:
748:
Askeland, Donald R.; Wright, Wendelin J. (January 2015). "11-2 Intermetallic
Compounds".
711:
701:
540:
368:
251:
207:
868:
1101:
873:(revised ed.). London: Louis Cassier Co., Ltd. pp. 316–317 – via the
558:
360:
324:
320:
130:
79:
602:
375:, inter-metallic involving silicon, are utilized as barrier and contact layers in
1075:
1022:
674:
574:
489:
135:
122:
30:
1072:– an article on the Wire Bond Website of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
706:
667:
485:
476:
352:
328:
17:
978:
853:
818:
769:
254:, and share similar properties to the intermetallic compounds defined above.
316:
312:
303:
239:
235:
199:
187:
179:
149:
630:
often form during solidification of metallic alloys, and can be used as a
798:
749:
372:
363:
applications, while the latter is also used in very small quantities for
356:
195:
161:
516:
472:
319:
and chemical properties, due to their strong internal order and mixed (
308:
219:
215:
191:
183:
173:
153:
958:
833:
723:
Gerhard
Sauthoff: Intermetallics, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1995, 165 pages
654:
468:
332:
157:
647:
71:
29:
597:
The formation of intermetallics can cause problems. For example,
169:
165:
1085:(IMPRESS Intermetallics project at the European Space Agency)
887:
G. E. R. Schulze: Metallphysik, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1967
1008:, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2002, p. 692.
957:
800:
Intermetallic alloy development : a program evaluation
351:, which is the hardening phase in the familiar nickel-base
315:
and ease of processing. They can also display desirable
110:. Under this definition, the following are included:
642:
Examples of intermetallics through history include:
993:
Metallization Theory and
Practice for VLSI and ULSI
106:Schulze in 1967 defined intermetallic compounds as
754:(Seventh ed.). Boston, MA. pp. 387–389.
230:In common use, the research definition, including
1019:"The Art of War by Sun Zi: A Book for All Times"
904:; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999),
832:Soboyejo, W. O. (2003). "1.4.3 Intermetallics".
141:The definition of a metal is taken to include:
908:(6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience,
82:or nonstoichiometic intermetallic compounds.
960:Mechanical properties of engineered materials
835:Mechanical properties of engineered materials
8:
359:aluminides have also attracted interest for
1093:intermetallic compound solidifying/freezing
238:, is extended to include compounds such as
782:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
803:. National Academies Press. p. 10.
751:The science and engineering of materials
381:
733:
543:, which are alloys of intermetallics Ag
995:. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1993.
775:
383:Physical properties of intermetallics
246:C. These compounds, sometimes termed
7:
743:
741:
739:
737:
599:intermetallics of gold and aluminium
870:Electrons, atoms, metals and alloys
74:that forms an ordered solid-state
25:
1070:Intermetallic Creation and Growth
1006:Materials Science of Thin Films
601:can be a significant cause of
503:nickel metal hydride batteries
206:Homogeneous and heterogeneous
1:
906:Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
522:Coating materials e.g. NiAl
511:e.g. Cu-Al-Ni (alloys of Cu
294:Properties and applications
61:ordered intermetallic alloy
1124:
867:Hume-Rothery, W. (1955) .
620:
121:Size packing phases. e.g.
632:dispersion strengthening
264:cyclopentadienyl complex
65:long-range-ordered alloy
692:Complex metallic alloys
628:Intermetallic particles
617:Intermetallic particles
388:Intermetallic Compound
1076:Intermetallics project
623:Intermetallic particle
403:Young's Modulus (GPa)
248:interstitial compounds
232:post-transition metals
212:interstitial compounds
146:post-transition metals
53:intermetallic compound
44:
27:Type of metallic alloy
607:semiconductor devices
33:
1066:, scientific journal
527:structural materials
391:Melting Temperature
341:nickel metal hydride
902:Wilkinson, Geoffrey
509:Shape memory alloys
475:, Permendur, FeCo,
384:
127:Frank–Kasper phases
102:Research definition
57:intermetallic alloy
1081:2007-03-29 at the
935:. February 7, 2015
465:Magnetic materials
382:
355:, and the various
45:
963:. Marcel Dekker.
898:Cotton, F. Albert
838:. Marcel Dekker.
761:978-1-305-07676-1
697:Kirkendall effect
653:Chinese high tin
525:High-temperature
456:
455:
16:(Redirected from
1115:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1025:. Archived from
1015:
1009:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
982:
954:
948:
947:
942:
940:
925:
919:
918:
894:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:Internet Archive
864:
858:
857:
829:
823:
822:
794:
788:
787:
781:
773:
745:
611:microelectronics
563:microelectronics
531:nickel aluminide
515:Al and nickel),
495:Hydrogen storage
385:
377:microelectronics
365:grain refinement
337:hydrogen storage
21:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1083:Wayback Machine
1060:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1004:Milton Ohring,
1003:
999:
990:
986:
971:
956:
955:
951:
938:
936:
927:
926:
922:
916:
896:
895:
891:
886:
882:
866:
865:
861:
846:
831:
830:
826:
811:
796:
795:
791:
774:
762:
747:
746:
735:
720:
688:
664:
660:
640:
625:
619:
592:
588:
584:
580:
570:
550:
546:
541:Dental amalgams
536:
514:
500:
482:Superconductors
461:
443:
425:
369:titanium alloys
348:
296:
284:
277:
273:
269:
260:
245:
228:
210:of metals, and
208:solid solutions
104:
99:
67:) is a type of
43:
42:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1108:Intermetallics
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:Video of an AB
1086:
1073:
1067:
1064:Intermetallics
1059:
1058:External links
1056:
1054:
1053:
1039:
1010:
997:
991:S.P. Murarka,
984:
969:
949:
920:
914:
889:
880:
859:
844:
824:
809:
789:
760:
732:
731:
730:
727:Intermetallics
724:
719:
716:
715:
714:
712:Solid solution
709:
704:
702:Maraging steel
699:
694:
687:
684:
679:
678:
671:
665:
662:
658:
651:
639:
636:
621:Main article:
618:
615:
595:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
572:
568:
552:
548:
544:
538:
534:
523:
520:
512:
506:
498:
492:
479:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
437:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
405:
404:
401:
395:
389:
346:
295:
292:
283:
280:
275:
271:
267:
259:
256:
252:stoichiometric
243:
227:
224:
204:
203:
177:
139:
138:
133:
131:Nowotny phases
119:
103:
100:
98:
95:
80:stoichiometric
40:
36:
34:
26:
24:
18:Intermetallics
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1120:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1049:Type-pounding
1047:
1043:
1040:
1029:on 2005-03-07
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
994:
988:
985:
980:
976:
972:
970:0-8247-8900-8
966:
962:
961:
953:
950:
946:
934:
933:The Economist
930:
924:
921:
917:
915:0-471-19957-5
911:
907:
903:
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
876:
872:
871:
863:
860:
855:
851:
847:
845:0-8247-8900-8
841:
837:
836:
828:
825:
820:
816:
812:
810:0-309-52438-5
806:
802:
801:
793:
790:
785:
779:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
752:
744:
742:
740:
738:
734:
728:
725:
722:
721:
717:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
683:
676:
672:
669:
666:
656:
652:
649:
646:Roman yellow
645:
644:
643:
637:
635:
633:
629:
624:
616:
614:
612:
608:
605:failures in
604:
600:
581:), e.g., MgCu
576:
573:
571:
564:
560:
559:barrier layer
556:
553:
542:
539:
532:
528:
524:
521:
518:
510:
507:
504:
496:
493:
491:
487:
483:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
462:
458:
451:
448:
445:
439:
438:
434:
431:
428:
421:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
406:
402:
400:
396:
394:
390:
387:
386:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:turbine blade
358:
354:
350:
342:
339:materials in
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
281:
279:
265:
257:
255:
253:
249:
241:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
143:
142:
137:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:Electron (or
113:
112:
111:
109:
101:
96:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:(also called
50:
49:intermetallic
32:
19:
1048:
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1013:
1005:
1000:
992:
987:
959:
952:
944:
937:. Retrieved
932:
923:
905:
892:
883:
869:
862:
834:
827:
799:
792:
750:
680:
675:white copper
641:
626:
596:
575:Laves phases
555:Gate contact
398:
392:
353:super alloys
343:batteries.
297:
285:
261:
229:
214:such as the
205:
140:
136:Zintl phases
123:Laves phases
116:Hume-Rothery
107:
105:
87:Hume-Rothery
84:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
46:
1023:China Today
939:February 5,
634:mechanism.
501:compounds (
490:niobium-tin
118:) compounds
97:Definitions
1033:2022-11-25
718:References
707:Metallurgy
668:Type metal
609:and other
486:A15 phases
477:Terfenol-D
411:1250-1400
236:metalloids
226:Common use
180:metalloids
979:300921090
854:300921090
819:906692179
778:cite book
770:903959750
603:wire bond
547:Sn and Cu
373:Silicides
313:toughness
304:ductility
258:Complexes
250:, can be
240:cementite
200:tellurium
188:germanium
150:aluminium
1102:Category
1079:Archived
686:See also
673:Chinese
589:and MgNi
459:Examples
397:Density
357:titanium
335:and the
325:covalent
321:metallic
317:magnetic
220:nitrides
216:carbides
196:antimony
162:thallium
76:compound
69:metallic
677:, CuNi
638:History
517:Nitinol
497:e.g. AB
473:sendust
399:(kg/m)
309:ceramic
192:arsenic
184:silicon
182:, e.g.
174:bismuth
154:gallium
148:, i.e.
91:species
977:
967:
945:E02715
912:
852:
842:
817:
807:
768:
758:
670:, SbSn
655:bronze
650:, CuZn
585:, MgZn
519:(NiTi)
469:alnico
333:alnico
172:, and
158:indium
648:brass
565:e.g.
529:e.g.
484:e.g.
467:e.g.
449:6310
446:2020
432:4200
429:1600
414:5600
408:FeAl
393:(°C)
329:ionic
72:alloy
975:OCLC
965:ISBN
941:2015
910:ISBN
850:OCLC
840:ISBN
815:OCLC
805:ISBN
784:link
766:OCLC
756:ISBN
657:, Cu
567:TiSi
561:for
533:, Ni
452:430
440:MoSi
435:210
417:263
323:and
300:slip
242:, Fe
234:and
218:and
198:and
170:lead
129:and
577:(AB
426:Al
367:of
166:tin
47:An
1104::
1021:.
973:.
943:.
931:.
900:;
848:.
813:.
780:}}
776:{{
764:.
736:^
661:Sn
659:31
557:/
551:Sn
537:Al
488:,
471:,
422:Ti
379:.
371:.
349:Al
345:Ni
288:B2
286:A
282:B2
278:.
274:Zn
270:Ni
266:Cp
194:,
190:,
186:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
125:,
93:.
63:,
59:,
55:,
41:19
39:Ge
37:11
35:Cr
1091:5
1036:.
981:.
877:.
856:.
821:.
786:)
772:.
663:8
593:.
591:2
587:2
583:2
579:2
569:2
549:3
545:3
535:3
513:3
505:)
499:5
442:2
424:3
347:3
327:/
276:4
272:2
268:6
244:3
202:.
176:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
