1758:
956:
36:
2298:
1253:
309:) or total blockage. The inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood to the organs must be resolved either by treating the cause of the inadequate delivery or reducing the oxygen demand of the system that needs it. For example, patients with myocardial ischemia have a decreased blood flow to the heart and are prescribed with medications that reduce
153:
2202:"Clinical Effectiveness of Statin Therapy After Ischemic Stroke: Primary Results From the Statin Therapeutic Area of the Patient-Centered Research Into Outcomes Stroke Patients Prefer and Effectiveness Research (PROSPER) Study"
1267:
1151:. Reduction of body temperature also reduces the inflammation response and reperfusion injury. For frostbite injuries, limiting thawing and warming of tissues until warmer temperatures can be sustained may reduce
2112:
1397:
329:
The signs and symptoms of ischemia vary, as they can occur anywhere in the body and depend on the degree to which blood flow is interrupted. For example, clinical manifestations of
1338:
2330:
925:
vasoconstricts the periphery so that red blood cells cannot work internally on vital organs such as the heart, brain, etc., thus causing lack of oxygen to the periphery.
232:
2147:
Li, Yi-Heng; Ueng, Kwo-Chang; Jeng, Jiann-Shing; Charng, Min-Ji; Lin, Tsung-Hsien; Chien, Kuo-Liong; Wang, Chih-Yuan; Chao, Ting-Hsing; Liu, Ping-Yen (2017-04-01).
509:
is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of
1378:
Zhai Y, Petrowsky H, Hong JC, et al: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation—From bench to bedside. Nat Rev
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10:79–89
521:(TIA), often called a mini-stroke. TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients having a serious stroke within one year.
1010:
that can be more damaging than the initial ischemia. Reintroduction of blood flow brings oxygen back to the tissues, causing a greater production of
2323:
1576:
1354:
2284:
1018:
that damage cells. It also brings more calcium ions to the tissues causing further calcium overloading and can result in potentially fatal
1625:
963:. Curve A - contractile function of the heart is greatly depressed after ischemia-reperfusion. Curve B - a set of short ischemic episodes (
2470:
911:
866:
2781:
2104:
1727:
2316:
1512:
1503:
World Health
Organization Department of Health Statistics and Informatics in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster (2004).
548:
534:
119:
1479:
2749:
1624:
Kuźma, Elżbieta; Lourida, Ilianna; Moore, Sarah F.; Levine, Deborah A.; Ukoumunne, Obioha C.; Llewellyn, David J. (August 2018).
641:
1552:
1054:, surgical revascularization, or partial amputation. Anticoagulant therapy is initiated to prevent further enlargement of the
57:
1147:
Decrease in body temperature reduces the aerobic metabolic rate of the affected cells, reducing the immediate effects of
1086:
100:
881:
which restrict the blood flow and force the blood to the extremities of the body, as in acrobatics and military flying
717:
72:
1387:
Perico N, Cattaneo D, Sayegh MH, et al: Delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. Lancet 2004; 364:1814–1827
907:
705:
46:
841:
585:
584:
is a loss of blood flow to the kidney cells. Several physical symptoms include shrinkage of one or both kidneys,
518:
271:
53:
79:
1679:
964:
889:
793:
1042:
Early treatment is essential to keep the affected organ viable. The treatment options include injection of an
1132:
is reserved for cases where limb salvage is not possible. If the patient continues to have a risk of further
967:) before prolonged ischemia provides functional recovery of contractile activity of the heart at reperfusion.
2856:
2463:
2367:
2011:
Kostandy, Botros B. (2012). "The role of glutamate in neuronal ischemic injury: the role of spark in fire".
1015:
734:
439:
417:
955:
648:
is one of the most frequent causes of acute arterial ischemia. Other causes are heart conditions including
1175:
1171:
1059:
750:
597:
86:
1341:, The Merck Manual Home Health Handbook website, revised and updated March 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
1162:
therapy at hospital discharge, followed by home time, in an attempt to lower the risk of adverse events.
946:, can result in ischemia of the extremities due to unusual body positions that prevent normal circulation
2644:
2612:
2415:
1284:
649:
517:. A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of ischemia affecting the brain is called a
2814:
2809:
2766:
2716:
2607:
2586:
2302:
653:
544:
530:
330:
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994:
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589:
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451:
442:
is the most common cause of death in both men and women, and a major cause of hospital admissions.
259:
959:
Native records of contractile activity of the left ventricle of isolated rat heart perfused under
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2724:
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to decrease suddenly. The degree and extent of symptoms depend on the size and location of the
456:
Both large and small intestines can be affected by ischemia. The blockage of blood flow to the
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2836:
2280:
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2223:
2178:
2170:
2129:
2077:
2028:
1986:
1959:
1941:
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1827:
1759:"Ischemic renal disease: an emerging cause of chronic renal... : Journal of Hypertension"
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978:
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617:
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596:. It is a disease with high mortality rate and high morbidity. Failure to treat could cause
498:
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2804:
2430:
1977:
Cooper, Jeffrey S.; Hanley, Mary E.; Hendriksen, Stephen; Robins, Marc (August 30, 2022).
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431:
423:
302:
251:
247:
789:
An inadequate flow of blood to a part of the body may be caused by any of the following:
2056:"The role of the exercise test in the evaluation of patients for ischemic heart disease"
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2841:
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2400:
2362:
1954:
1919:
1895:
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1703:
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1102:
986:
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540:
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2279:(1990, 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press: Market House Books, 1987, 2nd ed., pp. 107,
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1878:
93:
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1528:
1319:
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Restoration of blood supply to ischemic tissues can cause additional damage known as
855:
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2197:
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used to treat cancer can cause a delayed side effect injury in adjacent tissue via
833:
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697:
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385:
358:
310:
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Ischemia causes not only insufficiency of oxygen, but also reduced availability of
263:
2200:; Schwamm, Lee H.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Smith, Eric E.; Maisch, Lesley (2015-10-13).
1782:
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1807:
624:, or extremity that, if untreated, can lead to tissue death. It can be caused by
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997:
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778:
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1936:
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agents work directly to resolve the clot over a period of 24 to 48 hours.
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2081:
1098:
1078:
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434:, which is the long-term accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in the
369:
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318:
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749:
to an extremity may produce partial or total occlusion of a vessel from
376:
is a very late sign of acute arterial ischemia and signals the death of
364:
Without immediate intervention, ischemia may progress quickly to tissue
2734:
2699:
2679:
2556:
2493:
2196:
O'Brien, Emily C.; Greiner, Melissa A.; Xian, Ying; Fonarow, Gregg C.;
1128:
may be used in the setting of trauma (e.g., laceration of the artery).
1000:
878:
701:
681:
669:
640:
problems like venous outflow obstruction and low-flow states can cause
422:
Cardiac ischemia may be asymptomatic or may cause chest pain, known as
262:(to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is generally caused by problems with
1268:
Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the appendicular musculoskeletal system
430:, receives insufficient blood flow. This most frequently results from
1159:
1070:
943:
922:
811:
637:
377:
342:
255:
152:
844:, inflamed arterial linings that disrupt the tissue's blood supply.
1324:
862:
827:
770:
494:
239:
1626:"Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
2113:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
1918:
Munshi, Raj; Hsu, Christine; Himmelfarb, Jonathan (2011-02-02).
1106:
709:
338:
2452:
2312:
2256:
1306:
1287: – Combination of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy
1208:
191:
29:
2105:"Mitochondria, oxidative metabolism and cell death in stroke"
1783:"Renovascular hypertension: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1034:
to destroy damaged cells that may otherwise still be viable.
2448:
1355:"Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) – Vascular Cures"
1217:
1214:
1158:
Ischemic stroke is at times treated with various levels of
200:
197:
1196:
1065:
If the condition of the ischemic limb is stabilized with
266:, with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue i.e.
179:
1920:"Advances in understanding ischemic acute kidney injury"
977:
Ischemia results in tissue damage in a process known as
317:
to meet the new level of blood delivery supplied by the
1806:
Sharfuddin, Asif A.; Molitoris, Bruce A. (April 2011).
1085:
agent (e.g., recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (
761:. Acute arterial occlusion may develop as a result of
2149:"2017 Taiwan lipid guidelines for high risk patients"
1205:
1202:
1170:
The
Infarct Combat Project (ICP) is an international
1144:
to prevent further acute arterial ischemic episodes.
934:, such as due to the ingestion of excessive doses of
188:
185:
928:
Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant.
569:
Reduced blood flow to the skin layers may result in
2790:
2715:
2486:
2388:
2350:
1275: – Tissue death due to inadequate blood supply
1211:
1199:
215:
194:
182:
167:
142:
137:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1979:"Hyperbaric Treatment of Delayed Radiation Injury"
160:Vascular ischemia of the toes with characteristic
1985:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
1808:"Pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury"
1577:"Acute Mesenteric Ischemia - Digestive Disorders"
861:Outside compression of a blood vessel, e.g. by a
1429:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1026:. The restored blood flow also exaggerates the
1861:Zuk, Anna; Bonventre, Joseph V. (2016-01-14).
1124:may be necessary to remove the clot. Surgical
981:. The damage is the result of the build-up of
2464:
2324:
1136:from some persistent source, such as chronic
573:or uneven, patchy discoloration of the skin.
8:
684:may dislodge and may travel anywhere in the
388:. Because nerves are extremely sensitive to
2153:Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
1480:"Myocardial ischemia - Symptoms and causes"
2471:
2457:
2449:
2331:
2317:
2309:
1469:(7th ed.). Vascular disorder. pp. 907–908.
1062:has been the traditional agent of choice.
612:involving an interruption in the arterial
151:
134:
2217:
2164:
2071:
1953:
1935:
1894:
1665:
1421:Smith, David A.; Lilie, Craig J. (2021),
733:(foreign bodies in the circulation, e.g.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1698:
1696:
1553:"Ischemic colitis - Symptoms and causes"
1505:The global burden of disease 2004 update
954:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1298:
1003:into the cell and surrounding tissues.
842:progressive, proliferative endarteritis
1349:
1347:
1073:may be treated with catheter-directed
716:to smaller vessels, and the degree of
426:. It occurs when the heart muscle, or
27:Restriction in blood supply to tissues
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1339:Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease
1030:response of damaged tissues, causing
806:(lipid-laden plaques obstructing the
7:
1140:, treatment includes long-term oral
917:rupture of significant blood vessels
820:(lower than normal level of glucose)
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1109:is used to infuse the drug. Unlike
912:peripheral artery occlusive disease
884:Localized extreme cold, such as by
874:(abnormally shaped red blood cells)
867:superior mesenteric artery syndrome
278:in a part of a body resulting from
254:of the body, causing a shortage of
2782:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
592:, progressive azotemia, and acute
493:is insufficient blood flow to the
25:
2219:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016183
1879:10.1146/annurev-med-050214-013407
1325:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
826:(abnormally rapid beating of the
549:chronic limb threatening ischemia
535:Chronic limb threatening ischemia
2750:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
2296:
2103:Sims N.R.; Muyderman H. (2010).
1251:
1192:
1178:through education and research.
1105:and threaded to the site of the
993:damage, and eventual leakage of
985:products, inability to maintain
333:(which can be summarized as the
305:. Ischemia can be partial (poor
175:
34:
2054:McNeer JF; Margolis JR (1978).
1237:'keep back, restrain' and αἷμα
45:needs additional citations for
2257:Infarct Combat Project website
1581:Merck Manuals Consumer Version
1233:'staunching blood', from ἴσχω
1022:and also accelerates cellular
600:and a need for renal surgery.
1:
850:(low blood pressure, e.g. in
777:arterial injury (e.g., after
539:Inadequate blood supply to a
438:. In most Western countries,
2259:; accessed October 26, 2015.
2126:10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.003
919:supplying a tissue or organ.
1704:"Transient Ischemic Attack"
1642:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3061
1182:Etymology and pronunciation
908:Arteriovenous malformations
718:peripheral arterial disease
2904:
2276:Concise Medical Dictionary
2166:10.1016/j.jfma.2016.11.013
1630:Alzheimer's & Dementia
1423:"Acute Arterial Occlusion"
970:
558:
528:
479:
449:
411:
301:and inadequate removal of
2025:10.1007/s10072-011-0828-5
1867:Annual Review of Medicine
1812:Nature Reviews Nephrology
1529:"Coronary Artery Disease"
1174:founded in 1998 to fight
688:, where they may lead to
586:renovascular hypertension
519:transient ischemic attack
384:may occur as a result of
380:supplying the extremity.
272:microvascular dysfunction
159:
150:
1467:Medical-Surgical Nursing
965:ischemic preconditioning
890:cold compression therapy
794:Thoracic outlet syndrome
321:so that it is adequate.
274:. It also implies local
2857:Microbiological culture
2487:Principles of pathology
1176:ischemic heart diseases
1016:reactive oxygen species
735:amniotic fluid embolism
696:causing the oxygen and
642:acute arterial ischemia
418:Coronary artery disease
2073:10.1161/01.cir.57.1.64
1937:10.1186/1741-7015-9-11
1824:10.1038/nrneph.2011.16
1172:nonprofit organization
1060:unfractionated heparin
968:
900:An increased level of
672:are prone to develop.
598:chronic kidney disease
440:Ischemic heart disease
404:and may be permanent.
2820:Diagnostic immunology
2645:Programmed cell death
2613:Liquefactive necrosis
1863:"Acute Kidney Injury"
1285:Trauma triad of death
1077:using intra-arterial
961:Langendorff technique
958:
838:therapeutic radiation
650:myocardial infarction
2815:Medical microbiology
2810:Transfusion medicine
2767:Immunohistochemistry
2717:Anatomical pathology
2608:Coagulative necrosis
2305:at Wikimedia Commons
2272:Elizabeth (editor).
1983:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1281: – Cell biology
796:(compression of the
708:, the occurrence of
692:, an acute arterial
654:mitral valve disease
531:Acute limb ischaemia
372:within a few hours.
319:stenosed vasculature
238:is a restriction in
54:improve this article
2772:Electron microscopy
2740:Molecular pathology
2618:Gangrenous necrosis
2550:Cellular adaptation
1465:Lewis. S.L (2008).
1166:Society and culture
1138:atrial fibrillation
1020:cardiac arrhythmias
936:central depressants
872:Sickle cell disease
763:arterial dissection
712:fragmentation with
658:atrial fibrillation
636:artery, or trauma.
590:acute renal failure
545:acute limb ischemia
470:mesenteric ischemia
452:Intestinal ischemia
331:acute limb ischemia
260:cellular metabolism
258:that is needed for
146:ischaemia, ischæmia
2800:Clinical chemistry
2792:Clinical pathology
2777:Immunofluorescence
2745:Forensic pathology
2725:Surgical pathology
2633:Fibrinoid necrosis
2274:Oxford Reference:
1402:scholar.google.com
1310:2nd edition, 1989.
1153:reperfusion injury
1101:inserted into the
1097:). A percutaneous
1069:, recently formed
1008:reperfusion injury
969:
902:glutamate receptor
865:or in the case of
773:or as a result of
686:circulatory system
668:, in all of which
464:. Ischemia of the
460:(colon) is called
400:may persist after
325:Signs and symptoms
2870:
2869:
2837:Mass spectrometry
2446:
2445:
2301:Media related to
2285:978-0-19-281991-8
2212:(15): 1404–1413.
1636:(11): 1416–1426.
1601:"Ischemic Stroke"
1279:Inhibitor protein
1126:revascularization
1032:white blood cells
690:pulmonary embolus
515:vascular dementia
436:coronary arteries
414:Coronary ischemia
402:revascularization
315:ionotropic effect
227:
226:
132:Medical condition
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2895:
2757:Gross processing
2623:Caseous necrosis
2473:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2300:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2221:
2198:Olson, DaiWai M.
2193:
2187:
2186:
2168:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2075:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1939:
1915:
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1738:
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1718:
1717:
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1700:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1678:. Archived from
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1470:
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1408:
1398:"Google Scholar"
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1357:. Archived from
1351:
1342:
1337:Merck & Co.
1335:
1329:
1320:Entry "ischemia"
1317:
1311:
1303:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1058:. Continuous IV
1024:self-destruction
979:ischemic cascade
973:Ischemic cascade
747:Traumatic injury
662:cardiomyopathies
610:vascular disease
462:ischemic colitis
408:Cardiac ischemia
303:metabolic wastes
284:vasoconstriction
222:Vascular surgery
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
155:
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2866:
2825:Immunopathology
2805:Hematopathology
2786:
2711:
2482:
2477:
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2442:
2384:
2378:Small intestine
2373:Large intestine
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2337:
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2010:
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2005:
1995:
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1976:
1975:
1971:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1805:
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1800:
1791:
1789:
1787:medlineplus.gov
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1728:"What is a TIA"
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1708:medlineplus.gov
1702:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1623:
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1618:
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482:Brain ischemia
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168:Pronunciation
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
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88:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2832:Enzyme assay
2678:
2673:
2662:Karyorrhexis
2638:Myocytolysis
2628:Fat necrosis
2533:Inflammation
2525:
2521:Hemodynamics
2514:Pathogenesis
2351:
2275:
2267:Bibliography
2252:
2209:
2205:
2191:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2120:(1): 80–91.
2117:
2111:
2098:
2066:(1): 64–68.
2063:
2059:
2049:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1982:
1972:
1927:
1924:BMC Medicine
1923:
1913:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1633:
1629:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1466:
1438:, retrieved
1426:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1333:
1323:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1187:
1185:
1169:
1157:
1146:
1134:embolization
1119:
1115:thrombolytic
1083:thrombolytic
1075:thrombolysis
1064:
1048:thrombolysis
1041:
1028:inflammation
1005:
976:
904:stimulation
888:or improper
852:septic shock
834:Radiotherapy
818:Hypoglycemia
788:
745:
698:blood supply
679:
614:blood supply
607:
580:
568:
538:
489:
455:
421:
396:or ischemic
386:nerve damage
363:
334:
328:
311:chronotropic
296:
280:constriction
248:muscle group
235:
229:
228:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2686:Hemosiderin
2567:Hyperplasia
2562:Hypertrophy
2538:Cell damage
2406:Hemorrhagic
2206:Circulation
2060:Circulation
1557:Mayo Clinic
1484:Mayo Clinic
1122:arteriotomy
1052:embolectomy
998:proteolytic
897:application
848:Hypotension
824:Tachycardia
779:angiography
751:compression
706:obstruction
466:small bowel
351:paresthesia
143:Other names
2877:Categories
2852:Blood bank
2695:Lipofuscin
2691:Lipochrome
2667:Karyolysis
2596:Cell death
2577:Metaplasia
2390:Infarction
2344:infarction
2013:Neurol Sci
1792:2020-12-20
1768:2020-12-20
1737:2021-10-27
1713:2021-10-27
1686:2018-09-07
1610:2021-10-27
1586:2021-10-27
1562:2021-10-27
1538:2021-10-27
1489:2021-10-27
1440:2021-10-27
1427:StatPearls
1407:2024-08-26
1365:2021-10-27
1293:References
1273:Infarction
1225:) is from
1130:Amputation
995:autolyzing
895:Tourniquet
775:iatrogenic
759:laceration
666:prosthesis
656:, chronic
630:thrombosis
559:See also:
468:is called
428:myocardium
398:neuropathy
337:) include
288:thrombosis
80:newspapers
69:"Ischemia"
2888:Angiology
2707:Steatosis
2650:Apoptosis
2587:Glandular
2572:Dysplasia
2504:Neoplasia
2499:Infection
2480:Pathology
2412:Location
2359:Location
2340:Ischaemia
2228:0009-7322
2175:0929-6646
1946:1741-7015
1930:(1): 11.
1887:0066-4219
1832:1759-507X
1658:1552-5260
1241:'blood'.
1231:iskhaimos
1229:ἴσχαιμος
1186:The word
1095:urokinase
1038:Treatment
886:frostbite
694:occlusion
676:Occlusion
555:Cutaneous
394:paralysis
382:Foot drop
374:Paralysis
355:paralysis
347:pulseless
335:"six P's"
307:perfusion
299:nutrients
282:(such as
236:ischaemia
217:Specialty
18:Ischaemic
2883:Ischemia
2862:Serology
2657:Pyknosis
2603:Necrosis
2582:Squamous
2526:Ischemia
2438:Gangrene
2352:Ischemia
2303:Ischemia
2244:11252336
2236:26246175
2183:28242176
2134:19751827
2041:18769752
2033:22044990
1991:29261879
1964:21288330
1905:26768243
1848:32234965
1840:21364518
1676:30177276
1435:28722881
1245:See also
1188:ischemia
1099:catheter
1079:infusion
1056:thrombus
879:g-forces
877:Induced
812:arteries
755:shearing
731:Embolism
714:embolism
646:aneurysm
626:embolism
571:mottling
565:Gangrene
561:Cyanosis
511:dementia
505:. Acute
370:gangrene
366:necrosis
292:embolism
230:Ischemia
162:cyanosis
138:Ischemia
2735:Autopsy
2700:Melanin
2680:pigment
2557:Atrophy
2494:Disease
2090:2552899
1996:23 July
1955:3038966
1896:4845743
1667:6231970
1149:hypoxia
1120:Direct
1001:enzymes
944:opioids
940:alcohol
765:in the
720:(PAD).
702:embolus
682:thrombi
670:thrombi
513:called
503:chronic
392:, limb
390:hypoxia
276:hypoxia
268:hypoxia
94:scholar
2426:Spleen
2401:Anemic
2397:Types
2283:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2181:
2173:
2132:
2088:
2082:618399
2080:
2039:
2031:
1989:
1962:
1952:
1944:
1903:
1893:
1885:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1674:
1664:
1656:
1511:
1433:
1160:statin
1071:emboli
923:Anemia
742:Trauma
664:, and
644:. An
638:Venous
632:of an
618:tissue
604:Causes
378:nerves
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